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Prof. Wi-Young So
Korea National University of Transportation

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0 Epidemiology
0 Exercise Physiology
0 physical activity
0 exercise training
0 Exercise Science

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Review
Published: 10 June 2021 in Healthcare
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The purpose of this study was to summarize the associations of physical activity (PA) and sedentary time (SED) with metabolic health and examine the effects of time reallocation on metabolic health in adolescents using accelerometer data. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochran Library, and Google Scholar, and 27 articles were reviewed. Recent research generally confirms the associations of PA and SED with metabolic health. High PA levels and low SED levels had a positive relationship with metabolic health. Moreover, reallocating 10 min of daily SED to PA was associated with better metabolic health indicators. These results were stronger for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity than for light intensity PA. Thus, efforts to convert SED into PA of at least moderate intensity appear to be an effective strategy to prevent metabolic disease development in children and adolescents. However, some of the associations between PA and metabolic health indicators were inconsistent, depending on age, obesity degree, and PA intensity. Additionally, various accelerometer data collection and processing criteria impact the interpretation of the results. Therefore, consistent accelerometer data collection and analysis methods are needed in future studies. Further, intervention studies are required to verify the causality and effectiveness of the isotemporal substitution model.

ACS Style

Jungjun Lim; Joon-Sik Kim; Soyoung Park; On Lee; Wi-Young So. Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Health in Children and Adolescents Measured by Accelerometer: A Narrative Review. Healthcare 2021, 9, 709 .

AMA Style

Jungjun Lim, Joon-Sik Kim, Soyoung Park, On Lee, Wi-Young So. Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Health in Children and Adolescents Measured by Accelerometer: A Narrative Review. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (6):709.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jungjun Lim; Joon-Sik Kim; Soyoung Park; On Lee; Wi-Young So. 2021. "Relationship of Physical Activity and Sedentary Time with Metabolic Health in Children and Adolescents Measured by Accelerometer: A Narrative Review." Healthcare 9, no. 6: 709.

Journal article
Published: 26 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Asthma is a very common condition that affects 5–10% of the global population, and its prevalence is increasing. Vigorous physical activity (PA) is effective in improving cardiorespiratory fitness and managing stress. This study aimed to investigate the association between vigorous PA and stress among Korean adolescents with asthma using large-scale survey data. The questionnaire data of 57,303 adolescents were analyzed using raw data from the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey. We performed logistic regression analysis to calculate the stress odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for asthma and non-asthma groups using models 1 and 2. We also performed logistic regression analysis to calculate the stress OR for the asthma group with vigorous PA and non-vigorous PA using models 1, 2, and 3. Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking, and alcohol status; model 2 was further adjusted for household income, academic achievement, and comorbidities. Model 3 was further adjusted for moderate activity and resistance exercise. The OR of stress was 20% higher in the asthma group than in the non-asthma group (p < 0.05). In the fully adjusted models, the OR for the non-asthma group with vigorous PA versus non-vigorous PA was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84–0.94). However, the OR for the asthma group with vigorous PA versus non-vigorous PA was 0.70 (95% CI: 0.57–0.86), indicating that adolescents who engage in vigorous PA had lower stress in the asthma group (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that adolescents with asthma had higher stress levels than those without asthma; however, vigorous PA was associated with lower stress. These effects were more pronounced in adolescents with asthma.

ACS Style

Sunga Kong; Wi-Young So; Seyong Jang. The Association between Vigorous Physical Activity and Stress in Adolescents with Asthma. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3467 .

AMA Style

Sunga Kong, Wi-Young So, Seyong Jang. The Association between Vigorous Physical Activity and Stress in Adolescents with Asthma. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3467.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sunga Kong; Wi-Young So; Seyong Jang. 2021. "The Association between Vigorous Physical Activity and Stress in Adolescents with Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3467.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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As adolescents spend the majority of their time focused on exams and assignments, they do not have sufficient time to engage in physical activity; this lack of physical activity is an important public health concern. This study aimed to investigate how school-based physical activity programs affect the health-related physical fitness of adolescents in the Republic of Korea. For this study, a total of 120 high school students participated in a school-based physical activity program that included badminton and table tennis for 15 weeks each (35 min/day, three times a week), with a total of 30 weeks for one academic year. The parameters for health-related physical fitness measured muscle strength (handgrip strength), power (standing long jump), cardiorespiratory fitness (shuttle run test), flexibility (sit and reach), body mass index (BMI), and the total score. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in muscle strength (p < 0.001), power (p < 0.001), cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), flexibility (p = 0.005), and the overall health-related physical fitness score (p = 0.001). However, students’ BMI showed no significant difference before and after participation (p = 0.825). The results of this study indicated that school-based physical activity programs can have a positive effect on the health-related physical fitness of adolescents.

ACS Style

Eui-Jae Lee; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn; Jooyoung Kim. Effects of School-Based Physical Activity Programs on Health-Related Physical Fitness of Korean Adolescents: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2976 .

AMA Style

Eui-Jae Lee, Wi-Young So, Hyun-Su Youn, Jooyoung Kim. Effects of School-Based Physical Activity Programs on Health-Related Physical Fitness of Korean Adolescents: A Preliminary Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eui-Jae Lee; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn; Jooyoung Kim. 2021. "Effects of School-Based Physical Activity Programs on Health-Related Physical Fitness of Korean Adolescents: A Preliminary Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2976.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study was aimed at providing practical information to improve Korean adolescents’ wellness by empirically identifying its correlation with sports participation and having an internal health locus of control (IHLC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study comprised both a pilot test and a main study. We recruited 844 Korean adolescents as subjects in January 2021 to participate in an online self-reported survey. The reliability and validity of the scales used (sports participation, IHLC, and wellness) were verified through a pilot test. In the main study, we verified the differences between all variables according to adolescents’ demographic characteristics and the structural relationship of sports participation, IHLC, and wellness. Sports participation had a positive effect on IHLC (p < 0.001) and wellness (p < 0.001). Additionally, IHLC had a positive effect on wellness (p < 0.001). In juvenile educational institutions, there is a need to develop strategies to increase wellness, sports participation, and IHLC among adolescent students, which can improve their wellness in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Dae-Jung Lee; Wi-Young So; Seung-Man Lee. The Relationship between Korean Adolescents’ Sports Participation, Internal Health Locus of Control, and Wellness during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2950 .

AMA Style

Dae-Jung Lee, Wi-Young So, Seung-Man Lee. The Relationship between Korean Adolescents’ Sports Participation, Internal Health Locus of Control, and Wellness during COVID-19. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):2950.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dae-Jung Lee; Wi-Young So; Seung-Man Lee. 2021. "The Relationship between Korean Adolescents’ Sports Participation, Internal Health Locus of Control, and Wellness during COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 2950.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Healthcare
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Although previous studies have examined the relationship between smoking and physical fitness, they only considered current smoking status and the same fitness measurements regardless of age. This study investigated differences in physical fitness based on tobacco smoking habits. A total of 2830 non-elderly adults (NEA; 19–64 years) and 629 elderly (65–89 years) participated in the study, using data extracted from a Korean national database. One-way ANCOVA and ANOVA were conducted to analyze the results. The subjects were classified into three groups (smokers, those who had quit, and never-smokers). In NEA men, a significant difference was observed in 50-m dash (p = 0.003) and 20-m shuttle-run (p < 0.001), while in elderly men differences were only seen in sit-ups (p = 0.015). In the case of NEA and elderly women, no significant differences were observed in physical fitness levels (p > 0.05). The decreased fitness level due to smoking was more noticeable in men than in women, and in NEA more than in elderly persons. A non-smoking policy and customized training based on age or gender are necessary to increase fitness and improve health conditions.

ACS Style

Hyung Jeon; Gyuri Kim; Hee Jeong; Wi-Young So. Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly. Healthcare 2021, 9, 185 .

AMA Style

Hyung Jeon, Gyuri Kim, Hee Jeong, Wi-Young So. Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (2):185.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyung Jeon; Gyuri Kim; Hee Jeong; Wi-Young So. 2021. "Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly." Healthcare 9, no. 2: 185.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study assessed the health perceptions of 333 Korean adolescents during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic via an online questionnaire administered in October 2020, which queried the perceived importance and actual performance of health behaviors. The health perception scales used in the survey consists of the six dimensions of mental health, disease, physical activity, sleep, diet, and sanitary health. The data were primarily analyzed using paired sample t-test for analysis of difference and importance-performance analysis (IPA). The IPA results were presented in four quadrants—“keep up the good work,” “concentrate here,” “low priority,” and “possible overkill.” The results indicated that first, there was a positive relationship between the importance and performance of all the subdimensions of health perception. Second, sanitary healthcare was rated as being of the greatest importance and was performed most, while physical activity management was rated least important and performed least. Third, statistically significant differences were found between importance and performance for all items of mental health, disease, physical activity, sleep, and diet dimensions, and some differences were found for items assessing the hygiene control dimension. Fourth, in the two-dimensional IPA model, “sanitary health” and “disease” are in Quadrant I (keep up the good work); “mental health,” in Quadrant II (concentrate here); and “physical activity,” “sleep,” and “diet,” in Quadrant III (low priority). No components of healthcare were in Quadrant IV (possible overkill). Based on these results, we emphasize the importance of adolescent health education and discuss solutions to enhance the performance of healthcare activities.

ACS Style

Seung-Man Lee; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn. Importance-Performance Analysis of Health Perception among Korean Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 1280 .

AMA Style

Seung-Man Lee, Wi-Young So, Hyun-Su Youn. Importance-Performance Analysis of Health Perception among Korean Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (3):1280.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Man Lee; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn. 2021. "Importance-Performance Analysis of Health Perception among Korean Adolescents during the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 3: 1280.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study examined the difficulties of running online physical education classes in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and used the findings to develop an efficient operation plan to address these difficulties. Six middle and high school physical education teachers participated; three were experts in online physical education and active in the Korea Council School Physical Education Promotion, and three were recommended teachers making efforts to improve the online classes offered by the Korea Ministry of Education. A qualitative case study method employing phenomenological procedures to collect and analyze the data was used. The difficulties of operating middle and high school online physical education classes for the first time included (1) the monotony of the classes within their limited environmental conditions and limited educational content that did not adequately convey the value of physical education, (2) trial-and-error methods applied nationwide, resulting from a lack of expertise in operating online physical education classes, and (3) very limited evaluation guidelines proposed by the Korea Ministry of Education, which made systematic evaluation with online methods impossible. To address the identified problems and facilitate the efficient operation of online physical education classes, changes in strategic learning methods are needed to understand online physical education characteristics and thereby better communicate the value of physical education. It is also necessary to cultivate teaching expertise through sharing online physical education classes, where collaboration among physical education teachers is central. In addition, evaluation processes should be less formal to encourage active student participation.

ACS Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong; Wi-Young So. Difficulties of Online Physical Education Classes in Middle and High School and an Efficient Operation Plan to Address Them. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 7279 .

AMA Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong, Wi-Young So. Difficulties of Online Physical Education Classes in Middle and High School and an Efficient Operation Plan to Address Them. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (19):7279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Difficulties of Online Physical Education Classes in Middle and High School and an Efficient Operation Plan to Address Them." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19: 7279.

Journal article
Published: 21 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to examine the relationships between activity restriction, quality of life (QoL), and hematopoietic profile in breast cancer survivors according to exercise modality. The subjects in this study were 187 female breast cancer survivors among a total of 32,631 participants in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2016 to 2018. The selected subjects participated in a questionnaire survey and blood analysis. A cross-analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between participation in various modality of exercise (e.g., aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, walking exercise). The phi coefficients or Cramer’s V value for activity restriction and QoL were calculated; an independent t-test was conducted to evaluate the differences between hematopoietic profiles based on the modality of exercise. Statistically significant correlations were seen between obesity and aerobic exercise and walking frequency, as well as between diabetes and aerobic exercise and activity restriction. With respect to QoL, there was a statistically significant correlation between participation in aerobic exercise and exercise ability, participation in aerobic exercise and anxiety/depression, participation in resistance exercise and subjective health status, participation in resistance exercise and exercise ability, and participation in weekly walking exercise and self-care ability. Regarding hemodynamic changes, red blood cells increased significantly in breast cancer survivors who participated in weekly resistance exercise compared to in those who did not. In conclusion, exercise participation had a positive effect on activity restriction, QoL, and hematopoietic profile in breast cancer survivors; in particular, some modalities of aerobic exercise were more effective.

ACS Style

Munhee Kim; Wi-Young So; Jiyoun Kim. Relationships between Exercise Modality and Activity Restriction, Quality of Life, and Hematopoietic Profile in Korean Breast Cancer Survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6899 .

AMA Style

Munhee Kim, Wi-Young So, Jiyoun Kim. Relationships between Exercise Modality and Activity Restriction, Quality of Life, and Hematopoietic Profile in Korean Breast Cancer Survivors. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6899.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Munhee Kim; Wi-Young So; Jiyoun Kim. 2020. "Relationships between Exercise Modality and Activity Restriction, Quality of Life, and Hematopoietic Profile in Korean Breast Cancer Survivors." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6899.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The aim of this study was to verify the structural relationship between health perceptions, sports participation, and health promoting behavior in adolescents. A total of 507 adolescents living in Seoul, Republic of Korea, in 2020, participated in this study. This study was conducted using a preliminary survey and a main survey. In the preliminary survey, the reliability and validity of the scales used in this study were analyzed, and in the main survey, the relationships between individual variables were verified. Specifically, descriptive statistical analysis, path analysis, and mediating effect analysis were conducted in the main survey. The results of the study are as follows: first, health perceptions were found to have a positive effect on sports participation (p < 0.001). Furthermore, health perceptions were found to have no direct effect on health promoting behavior (p = 0.554), while sports participation was found to have a positive effect on health promoting behavior (p < 0.001). Additionally, sports participation completely mediated the relationship between health perceptions and health promoting behavior. Based on the results of this study, suggestions are presented on how to enhance health perceptions in adolescents who are in a critical period for forming healthy life habits, and to prepare measures to encourage sports participation.

ACS Style

Seung-Man Lee; Hyun-Chul Jeong; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn. Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6744 .

AMA Style

Seung-Man Lee, Hyun-Chul Jeong, Wi-Young So, Hyun-Su Youn. Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-Man Lee; Hyun-Chul Jeong; Wi-Young So; Hyun-Su Youn. 2020. "Mediating Effect of Sports Participation on the Relationship between Health Perceptions and Health Promoting Behavior in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6744.

Journal article
Published: 24 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to develop a physical education fitness program for adolescents to counteract the declining physical activity levels caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as to investigate the program’s effect. This mixed-methods study developed and implemented a five-component “Music Beeps” (MB) program to promote adolescents’ physical fitness. A total of 240 students from two high schools in South Korea—divided into experimental and control groups—participated in 32 sessions over 16 weeks. The changes in students’ fitness were analyzed, and the educational effects were examined via inductive analysis of the observation logs and group and in-depth interviews. The results demonstrated that, whereas the comparison group demonstrated no statistically significant changes in power, muscular strength and endurance, or cardiopulmonary endurance, the experimental group showed changes in all these variables, along with changes in flexibility. Further, the MB program had significant educational effects. First, students reported that musical cues enhanced their fitness motivation and sense of responsibility. Second, record-keeping and active participation contributed to self-led fitness management. Third, activity in a small space with few pieces of equipment led to the positive perception that the program was efficient and enabled regular exercise regardless of climate conditions.

ACS Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong; Eui-Jae Lee; Hyun-Su Youn; Wi-Young So. Development and Implementation of a “Music Beeps” Program to Promote Physical Fitness in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6148 .

AMA Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong, Eui-Jae Lee, Hyun-Su Youn, Wi-Young So. Development and Implementation of a “Music Beeps” Program to Promote Physical Fitness in Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (17):6148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hyun-Chul Jeong; Eui-Jae Lee; Hyun-Su Youn; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Development and Implementation of a “Music Beeps” Program to Promote Physical Fitness in Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17: 6148.

Journal article
Published: 02 August 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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The Korean government (Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Ministry of Health and Welfare, and Ministry of Education) has framed policies and conducted many projects to encourage adolescents to be more physically active. Despite these efforts, the participation rate of physical activity in Korean adolescents keeps decreasing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to analyze the perception of sports and physical activity in Korean adolescents through big data analysis of the last 10 years and to provide research data and statistical direction with regard to sports and physical activity participation in Korean adolescents. For data collection, data from 1 January 2010 to 31 December 2019 were collected from Naver (NAVER Corp., Seongnam, Korea), Daum (Kakao Corp., Jeju, Korea), and Google (Alphabet Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA), which are the most widely used search engines in Korea, using TEXTOM 4.0 (The Imc Inc., Daegu, Korea), a big data collection and analysis solution. Keywords such as “adolescent + sports + physical activity” were used. TEXTOM 4.0 can generate various collection lists at once using keywords. Collected data were processed through text mining (frequency analysis, term frequency–inverse document frequency analysis) and social network analysis (SNA) (degree centrality, convergence of iterated correlations analysis) by using TEXTOM 4.0 and UCINET 6 social network analysis software (Analytic Technologies Corp., Lexington, KY, USA). A total of 9278 big data (10.36 MB) were analyzed. Frequency analysis of the top 50 terms through text mining showed exercise (872), mind (851), health (824), program (782), and burden (744) in a descending order. Term frequency–inverse document frequency analysis revealed exercise (2108.070), health (1961.843), program (1928.765), mind (1861.837), and burden (1722.687) in a descending order. SNA showed that the terms with the greatest degree of centrality were exercise (0.02857), program (0.02406), mind (0.02079), health (0.02062), and activity (0.01872) in a descending order. Convergence of the iterated correlations analysis indicated five clusters: exercise and health, child to adult, sociocultural development, therapy, and program. However, female gender, sports for all, stress, and wholesome did not have a high enough correlation to form one cluster. Thus, this study provides basic data and statistical direction to increase the rate of physical activity participation in Korean adolescents by drawing significant implications based on terms and clusters through bid data analysis.

ACS Style

Sung-Un Park; HyunKyun Ahn; Dong-Kyu Kim; Wi-Young So. Big Data Analysis of Sports and Physical Activities among Korean Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5577 .

AMA Style

Sung-Un Park, HyunKyun Ahn, Dong-Kyu Kim, Wi-Young So. Big Data Analysis of Sports and Physical Activities among Korean Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5577.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sung-Un Park; HyunKyun Ahn; Dong-Kyu Kim; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Big Data Analysis of Sports and Physical Activities among Korean Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5577.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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NAD(P)H oxidases (NOXs) constitute a principal source of cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and contribute to exercise-induced ROS production in the skeletal muscle. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of single-bout exhaustive exercise on redox state biomarkers and oxidative DNA damage based on the C242T polymorphism in the gene encoding NOXs subunit p22phox (CYBA) and aerobic fitness levels. We enrolled 220 healthy adults in their 20s (men, n = 110; women, n = 110), who were divided into CC genotype and T allele groups through the analysis of the CYBA C242T polymorphism. Furthermore, maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) was evaluated to divide subjects into high fitness (HF; 70th percentile for aerobic fitness) and mid-range fitness (MF; 40–60th percentile for aerobic fitness) groups, with a total of 32 subjects assigned to four groups (eight subjects per group): CC genotype and HF group (CC + HF), CC genotype and MF group (CC + MF), T allele and HF group (T + HF), and T allele and MF group (T + MF). All subjects performed treadmill running exercise at 85% of VO2max until exhaustion. Plasma lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and lymphocyte DNA damage (tail DNA percentage [TD], tail length [TL], and the tail moment [TM]) were measured in the blood samples obtained immediately before (IBE), immediately after (IAE), and 30 min after exercise (30 MAE). Plasma lactate levels, SOD activities, and lymphocyte DNA damage markers (TD, TL, and TM) were significantly increased at IAE than that at IBE and significantly decreased at 30 MAE (p < 0.05). All groups displayed increased plasma MDA levels at IAE rather than at IBE, with CC + MF being significantly higher than T + HF (p < 0.05); only the CC + HF and T + HF groups exhibited a significant reduction at 30 MAE (p < 0.05). Moreover, TL at IAE was significantly higher in the CC + MF group than in the T + HF group (p < 0.05), and significantly higher in the CC + MF and CC + HF groups than in the T + HF group at 30 MAE (p < 0.05). TM was significantly higher in the T + MF than in the T + HF group at IAE (p < 0.05) and that of CC + MF was significantly higher than CC + HF and T + HF values at IAE and 30 MAE (p < 0.05). These results suggest that single-bout exhaustive exercise could induce peripheral fatigue and the accumulation of temporary redox imbalance and oxidative DNA damage. Moreover, high aerobic fitness levels combined with the T allele may protect against exercise-induced redox imbalance and DNA damage.

ACS Style

Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So; Hee-Tae Roh. Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .

AMA Style

Su-Youn Cho, Wi-Young So, Hee-Tae Roh. Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So; Hee-Tae Roh. 2020. "Effect of C242T Polymorphism in the Gene Encoding the NAD(P)H Oxidase p22phox Subunit and Aerobic Fitness Levels on Redox State Biomarkers and DNA Damage Responses to Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.

Journal article
Published: 09 May 2020 in Sustainability
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Body composition can affect a police officer’s physical performance. We analyzed the correlation between body fat percentage (%fat) and physical performance in 326 male Korean police officers (age, 44.2 ± 9.2 years; height, 174.0 ± 4.5 cm; weight, 76.4 ± 8.8 kg) who were classified into two groups according to their %fat: high-fat (HFG, %fat ≥ 25%; n = 135) and low-fat (LFG, %fat < 25%; n = 191). Physical performance tests included a 100-m sprint, push-ups, sit-ups, and a hand-grip strength test. The results showed significant differences in performance between the groups in the 100-m sprint (p = 0.001) and in the sit-up test (p = 0.033), but not for push-ups (p = 0.130) or hand-grip strength (p = 0.255). A significant positive correlation was found between %fat and the 100-m sprint (r = 0.255, p < 0.000), and a negative correlation was found between %fat and push-ups (r = −0.117, p = 0.035) and sit-ups (r = −0.199, p < 0.000). However, there was no significant correlation between %fat and hand-grip strength (r = −0.093, p = 0.095). To improve physical performance, an intervention training program is recommended for reducing %fat, because high levels of %fat in male Korean police officers were associated with low levels of physical performance.

ACS Style

Jooyoung Kim; Wi-Young So; Sangwoon Kim. Association between Body Fat Percentage and Physical Performance in Male Korean Police Officers. Sustainability 2020, 12, 3868 .

AMA Style

Jooyoung Kim, Wi-Young So, Sangwoon Kim. Association between Body Fat Percentage and Physical Performance in Male Korean Police Officers. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (9):3868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jooyoung Kim; Wi-Young So; Sangwoon Kim. 2020. "Association between Body Fat Percentage and Physical Performance in Male Korean Police Officers." Sustainability 12, no. 9: 3868.

Journal article
Published: 06 April 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Purpose: Regular exercise can alleviate oxidative stress related to obesity and can induce secretion of myokines that are involved in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. There are no studies examining changes in these variables as a result of Taekwondo training intervention. We aimed to investigate the effect of Taekwondo training on oxidative stress and myokine levels in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: We randomly assigned 20 overweight and obese adolescents to control (control group; CG, n = 10) and experimental (experimental group; EG, n = 10) groups. The EG performed Taekwondo training five times a week for 16 weeks. Physical parameters (height, weight, body mass index (BMI)), physical fitness (maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) (cardiorespiratory endurance), grip and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), Sargent jump (power), and stork stand test (balance)) were measured before and after intervention. We measured levels of serum oxidative stress markers (plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and myokines (serum interleukin-15 (IL-15), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), irisin, and myostatin). Results: The weight and BMI in the EG after intervention were significantly lower and leg strength (muscular strength), sit-and-reach (flexibility), and Sargent jump (power) were significantly improved compared to those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of height, VO2 max, grip strength, or stork stand test (p > 0.05). The SOD and BDNF level after intervention were significantly higher in the EG after the intervention, whereas MDA and irisin levels were significantly lower than those of the CG (p < 0.05). There were no significant interaction effects in terms of serum IL-15 and myostatin levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Taekwondo training can reduce obesity and increase physical fitness with respect to muscular strength, flexibility, and power as well as alleviate oxidative stress and modulate myokine secretion in adolescents.

ACS Style

Hee-Tae Roh; Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So. Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2505 .

AMA Style

Hee-Tae Roh, Su-Youn Cho, Wi-Young So. Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2505.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hee-Tae Roh; Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Effects of Regular Taekwondo Intervention on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Myokines in Overweight and Obese Adolescents." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2505.

Journal article
Published: 20 March 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Purpose: Aging lowers brain functionality, and obesity accelerates this process. Resistance exercise can help reverse aging; however, studies examining how it affects brain function and body mass are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effect of resistance exercise on inflammation and neurotrophic factors in elderly women with obesity. Methods: Twenty-six elderly women with obesity were selected for this study and randomly assigned into a control group (CG, n = 13) and an experimental group (EG, n = 13). The EG performed resistance training thrice weekly for 12 weeks using elastic bands, while the CG did not exercise. Serum lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)) and nuclear factor Kappa B (NF-κB), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and eotaxin-1 levels were analyzed before and after the intervention. Body composition (soft lean mass (SLM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), body fat mass (BFM), percent body fat (PBF), waist-hip-ratio (WHR), basal metabolic rates (BMR)) measurements and blood tests were performed. Results: Among the body composition variables, SLM, SMM, and BMR in the EG were significantly increased after intervention (p < 0.05). Serum lipid profile was not significantly different after intervention (p > 0.05). After intervention, the levels of NF-κB, IFN-γ, and eotaxin-1 were significantly lower and BDNF and VEGF were significantly higher in the EG than in the CG (p < 0.05 for all). Conclusions: These results imply that regular resistance training in elderly women with obesity can increase muscle mass, reduce inflammation, and stimulate neurotrophic factors.

ACS Style

Hee-Tae Roh; Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Women with Obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 842 .

AMA Style

Hee-Tae Roh, Su-Youn Cho, Wi-Young So. A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Women with Obesity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (3):842.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hee-Tae Roh; Su-Youn Cho; Wi-Young So. 2020. "A Cross-Sectional Study Evaluating the Effects of Resistance Exercise on Inflammation and Neurotrophic Factors in Elderly Women with Obesity." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 842.

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Published: 12 March 2020
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Sunga Kong; Wi-Young So. Association between physical activity and obesity-related factors. 2020, 1 .

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Sunga Kong, Wi-Young So. Association between physical activity and obesity-related factors. . 2020; ():1.

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Sunga Kong; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Association between physical activity and obesity-related factors." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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(1) Purpose: Conflicting information exists regarding the relationship between obesity, leisure-time physical activity (PA), and disability in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). We aimed to investigate the association between leisure-time PA and weight status in a relatively large cohort of PwMS. Furthermore, we examined this relationship according to the level of neurological disability. (2) Methods: The study included 238 PwMS (138 women) with a mean Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score of 2.5 (standard deviation [SD] = 1.7), mean disease duration of 6.4 (SD = 8.2) years, and mean age of 40.5 (SD = 12.9) years. Obesity was defined using two different metrics, each based on body mass index (BMI). Leisure-time PA was determined by the Godin–Shephard leisure-time PA questionnaire. Statistical analyses included multivariate logistic regression, the chi-square test, and Pearson coefficient correlations. (3) Results: The unadjusted odds ratio (OR) between leisure-time PA and BMI based on the World Health Organization’s (WHO) definition was 1.070 (p = 0.844) for overweight and 1.648 (p = 0.254) for obesity. The adjusted OR was 1.126 (p = 0.763) for overweight and 1.093 (p = 0.847) for obesity after adjustment for age, gender, and disability status. Chi-square analysis revealed no significant correlation between leisure-time PA and obesity (p = 0.564) according to the BMI threshold for PwMS. The unadjusted OR (95% confidence interval [CI]) between disability level and BMI based on the WHO definition was 1.674 (p = 0.220) for overweight and 0.618 (p = 0.460) for obesity. The adjusted OR was 1.130 (p = 0.787) for overweight and 0.447 (p = 0.234) for obesity after adjustment for age, gender, and leisure-time PA. Similarly, chi-square analysis revealed no significant correlation between disability level and obesity (p = 0.701) per the BMI threshold for PwMS. (4) Conclusions: No association was found between leisure-time PA and BMI in PwMS. An additional finding was the absence of any association between obesity and neurological disability level in the multiple sclerosis cohort.

ACS Style

Wi-Young So; Alon Kalron. The Association between Body Mass Index and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 920 .

AMA Style

Wi-Young So, Alon Kalron. The Association between Body Mass Index and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wi-Young So; Alon Kalron. 2020. "The Association between Body Mass Index and Leisure-Time Physical Activity in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 920.

Journal article
Published: 31 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether there are differences in the factors affecting the quality of life (QOL) of elderly women in South Korea according to their perceived economic status. Methods: Data were extracted from the Seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2016. The participants were 879 women over the age of 65 years, who were divided into three groups: high, medium, and low based on their perceived economic status. The study variables were classified into three categories: general characteristics, physical factors, and psychological factors. General characteristics included age, education level, employment, activity restriction, frequency of breakfast/week, frequency of lunch/week, and frequency of dinner/week. Physical factors included disease status, weight change, consumption of alcohol, number of days of walking per week, duration of walking at a time, body mass index (BMI), and discomfort due to changes in hearing. Psychological factors included stress, subjective body awareness, subjective health status, depressive symptoms, and QOL. Complex sample crosstabs and chi-square tests were conducted, and regression was performed to examine the association between the variables by economic status. Results: The factors that influenced the QOL of elderly women with low economic status were arthritis, alcohol consumption, subjective health status, and depressive symptoms, with an explanatory power of 54.3% (F = 14.94, p < 0.001). The factors that influenced the QOL of the medium economic status group were activity restriction, frequency of dinner/week, arthritis, number of days of walking per week, BMI, stress, subjective health status, and depressive symptoms, with an explanatory power of 48.6% (F = 9.82, p < 0.001). For the high economic status group, influential factors were age, restricted activity, arthritis, number of days of walking per week, stress, and depressive symptoms with an explanatory power of 49.0% (F = 69.76, p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study identified different factors that contributed to the QOL of elderly women by economic status.

ACS Style

Myoungjin Kwon; Sun Ae Kim; Wi-Young So.. Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Korean Elderly Women by Economic Status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 888 .

AMA Style

Myoungjin Kwon, Sun Ae Kim, Wi-Young So.. Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Korean Elderly Women by Economic Status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (3):888.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myoungjin Kwon; Sun Ae Kim; Wi-Young So.. 2020. "Factors Influencing the Quality of Life of Korean Elderly Women by Economic Status." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 3: 888.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Purpose: This study aimed to identify the factors associated with Internet use duration by distinguishing between individuals with suicidal ideation and those without. Methods: Data were obtained from the 14th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey (2018), which is a nationwide survey. Respondents aged 12–18 years (N = 60,040) who answered “yes” or “no” to the question about having suicidal ideation were included in the analysis. Study variables were general characteristics, physical and psychological factors, and Internet use duration. A complex sample logistic regression was performed to determine the influential factors. Results: Significant factors associated with weekend Internet use among those with suicidal ideation were sex, economic status, residence type, physical activity, sedentary duration, recovery after sleep deprivation, and stress, with an explanatory power of 20.0% (p < 0.001). Significant factors associated with weekday Internet use among those with suicidal ideation were sex, frequency of eating breakfast per week, sedentary duration, and weight control efforts, with an explanatory power of 15.9% (p < 0.001). Significant factors associated with weekend Internet use among those with no suicidal ideation were breakfast frequency and frequency of alcohol consumption per month, with an explanatory power of 10.9% (p < 0.001). Significant factors associated with weekday Internet use among those with no suicidal ideation were frequency of eating breakfast per week, frequency of eating fast food per week, sedentary duration, and suicide attempt, with an explanatory power of 13.6% (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The findings indicated significant differences in Internet use duration between adolescents with suicidal ideation and those without, suggesting the need for customized prevention programs focusing on adolescents’ psychological state.

ACS Style

Myoungjin Kwon; Sun Ae Kim; Wi-Young So. Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Internet Use Duration by Suicidal Ideation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 433 .

AMA Style

Myoungjin Kwon, Sun Ae Kim, Wi-Young So. Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Internet Use Duration by Suicidal Ideation. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Myoungjin Kwon; Sun Ae Kim; Wi-Young So. 2020. "Factors Associated with Adolescents’ Internet Use Duration by Suicidal Ideation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 433.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2019 in Science & Sports
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The purpose of this study was to examine the association between breakfast consumption patterns and physical fitness variables based on a nationwide study in Korea focused on non-elderly and elderly adults. A total of 2798 adults (men = 1662, women = 1136; aged 20–64 years) and 625 elderly people (men = 263, women = 362; aged over 65 years) participated in The Survey of National Physical Fitness in 2015, conducted by the Korea Institute of Sport Science and Korea Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism. The breakfast consumption pattern was collected via the self-report survey. Physical fitness variables in the adult group (grip strength, sit-ups, standing long jump, 50 m dash, sit-and-reach, and 20 m shuttle-run) and the elderly group (grip strength, sit-ups, sit-to-stand, sit-and-reach, back scratch, one-leg standing with eyes open, and six-minute walk) were directly measured. The association between breakfast consumption patterns and physical fitness variables were then evaluated by conducting one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc testing of Tukey. Adult men showed significant differences in sit-ups (P = 0.043), standing long jump (P = 0.005), 50 m dash (P = 0.008), and sit-and-reach (P = 0.047) among the four breakfast pattern groups. Adult women showed significant differences in sit-ups (P = 0.018), standing long jump (P = 0.007), and 50 m dash (P = 0.044). However, both elderly men and women showed no significant differences in all physical fitness variables (P > 0.05). In Korean adults, the physical fitness variables, sit-ups (muscular endurance), standing long jump (power), and 50 m dash (speed), could be differentiated based on breakfast consumption patterns. However, in the elderly population, physical fitness variables showed no significant differences based on breakfast consumption patterns. Le but de cette étude était d’examiner l’association entre les habitudes de consommation du petit-déjeuner et les variables de condition physique à partir d’une étude nationale menée en Corée et axée sur les adultes d’âge moyen et les personnes âgées. Au total, 2798 adultes (hommes = 1662, femmes = 1136; âgés de 20 à 64 ans) et 625 personnes âgées (hommes = 263, femmes = 362 ; âgés de plus de 65 ans) ont participé à l’Enquête sur la condition physique nationale en 2015, réalisée par l’Institut coréen des sciences du sport et Ministère coréen de la culture, des sports et du tourisme. Les habitudes de consommation du petit-déjeuner ont été recueillies via l’enquête d’auto-évaluation. Les variables de condition physique dans le groupe d’adultes (force de préhension, redressement assis, saut en longueur debout, 50 m dash test, sit-and-reach test, et course navette de 20 m) et chez les personnes âgées (force de préhension, redressement assis, passage en orthostatisme, passage en position assise, grattage du dos en appui monopodal les yeux ouverts et test de marche de six minutes) ont été mesurés directement. L’association entre les habitudes de consommation du petit déjeuner et les variables de condition physique a ensuite été évaluée en effectuant une analyse de variance à un facteur et des tests post-hoc de Tukey. Les hommes adultes présentaient des différences significatives en sit-ups (p = 0,043), en saut en longueur debout (p = 0,005), au 50 m dash test (p = 0,008) et en position assise (p = 0,047) entre les quatre groupes. Les femmes adultes ont montré des différences significatives pour le redressement assis (p = 0,018), le saut en longueur debout (p = 0,007) et le 50 m dash test (p = 0,044). Cependant, les hommes et les femmes âgés ne montrent aucune différence significative dans toutes les variables de condition physique (p > 0,05). Chez les adultes coréens, les variables de condition physique, sit-ups (endurance musculaire), saut en hauteur debout (puissance) et 50 m dash test (vitesse) semblent présenter des différences en fonction des habitudes de consommation du petit-déjeuner. Cependant, chez les sujets plus âgés, les variables de condition physique ne montraient aucune différence significative en fonction des habitudes de consommation du petit-déjeuner.

ACS Style

S.-Y. Jang; K.-H. Park; W.-Y. So. The association between breakfast consumption patterns and physical fitness. Science & Sports 2019, 35, 310.e1 -310.e7.

AMA Style

S.-Y. Jang, K.-H. Park, W.-Y. So. The association between breakfast consumption patterns and physical fitness. Science & Sports. 2019; 35 (5):310.e1-310.e7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S.-Y. Jang; K.-H. Park; W.-Y. So. 2019. "The association between breakfast consumption patterns and physical fitness." Science & Sports 35, no. 5: 310.e1-310.e7.