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Prof. Dr. Lucian Copolovici
Aurel Vlaicu University of Arad, Romania

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Abiotic Stress Tolerance
0 Plant stress biology
0 Biotic stress response mechanisms
0 Secondary metabolite
0 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

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Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Molecules
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Persistent pollutants such as pharmaceuticals, pesticides, musk fragrances, and dyes are frequently detected in different environmental compartments and negatively impact the environment and humans. Understanding the impacts of diffuse environmental pollutants on plants is still limited, especially at realistic environmental concentrations of contaminants. We studied the effects of key representatives of two major classes of environmental pollutants (nine different antibiotics and six different textile dyes) on the leaf carotenoid (violaxanthin and neoxanthin) content in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using different pollutant concentrations and application times. The wheat plants were watered with solutions of selected environmental pollutants in two different concentrations of 0.5 mg L−1 and 1.5 mg L−1 for one week (0.5 L) and two weeks (1 L). Both categories of pollutants selected for this study negatively influenced the content of violaxanthin and neoxanthin, whereas the textile dyes represented more severe stress to the wheat plants. The results demonstrate that chronic exposure to common diffusively spread environmental contaminants constitutes significant stress to the plants.

ACS Style

Ocsana Opriş; Florina Copaciu; Maria Soran; Ülo Niinemets; Lucian Copolovici. Content of Carotenoids, Violaxanthin and Neoxanthin in Leaves of Triticum aestivum Exposed to Persistent Environmental Pollutants. Molecules 2021, 26, 4448 .

AMA Style

Ocsana Opriş, Florina Copaciu, Maria Soran, Ülo Niinemets, Lucian Copolovici. Content of Carotenoids, Violaxanthin and Neoxanthin in Leaves of Triticum aestivum Exposed to Persistent Environmental Pollutants. Molecules. 2021; 26 (15):4448.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ocsana Opriş; Florina Copaciu; Maria Soran; Ülo Niinemets; Lucian Copolovici. 2021. "Content of Carotenoids, Violaxanthin and Neoxanthin in Leaves of Triticum aestivum Exposed to Persistent Environmental Pollutants." Molecules 26, no. 15: 4448.

Journal article
Published: 20 July 2021 in Molecules
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Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of lavender essential oils (LEOs) extracted from three different varieties of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. (1-Moldoveanca 4, 2-Vis magic 10, and 3-Alba 7) have been determined. These plants previously patented in the Republic of Moldova were cultivated in an organic agriculture system in the northeastern part of Romania and then harvested in 3 consecutive years (2017–2019) to obtain the essential oils. From the inflorescences in the complete flowering stage, the LEOs were extracted by hydrodistillation. Then, their composition was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and by Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The major identified constituents are as follows: linalool (1: 32.19–46.83%; 2: 29.93–30.97%; 3: 31.97–33.77%), linalyl acetate (1: 17.70–35.18%; 2: 27.55–37.13%; 3: 28.03–35.32%), and terpinen-4-ol (1: 3.63–7.70%; 2: 3.06–7.16%; 3: 3.10–6.53%). The antioxidant capacity as determined by ABTS and DPPH assays indicates inhibition, with the highest activity obtained for LEO var. Alba 7 from 2019. The in vitro antimicrobial activities of the LEOs and combinations were investigated as well, by using the disk diffusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the Gram-positive bacterial strain Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538), Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27858), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), the yeast Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), and clinical isolates. Our results have shown that LEOs obtained from the three studied varieties of L. angustifolia manifest significant bactericidal effects against tested microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli), and antifungal effects against Candida albicans. The mixture of LEOs (Var. Alba 7) and geranium, respectively, in tea tree EOs, in different ratios, showed a significant enhancement of the antibacterial effect against all the studied strains, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

ACS Style

Mihaela Bogdan; Simona Bungau; Delia Tit; Dana Zaha; Aurelia Nechifor; Tapan Behl; Dorina Chambre; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Three Different Varieties (Moldoveanca 4, Vis Magic 10, and Alba 7) of Lavandula angustifolia. Molecules 2021, 26, 4381 .

AMA Style

Mihaela Bogdan, Simona Bungau, Delia Tit, Dana Zaha, Aurelia Nechifor, Tapan Behl, Dorina Chambre, Andreea Lupitu, Lucian Copolovici, Dana Copolovici. Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Three Different Varieties (Moldoveanca 4, Vis Magic 10, and Alba 7) of Lavandula angustifolia. Molecules. 2021; 26 (14):4381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mihaela Bogdan; Simona Bungau; Delia Tit; Dana Zaha; Aurelia Nechifor; Tapan Behl; Dorina Chambre; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici. 2021. "Chemical Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils Extracted from Three Different Varieties (Moldoveanca 4, Vis Magic 10, and Alba 7) of Lavandula angustifolia." Molecules 26, no. 14: 4381.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2021 in Forests
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Persian walnut (Juglans regia L., Juglandaceae), one of the essential nut crops, is affected by different diseases, including mite attacks which result in gall and erineum formation. As the proportion of leaf area covered by mite galls or erineum is typically relatively low, the impact on tree photosynthetic productivity is often considered minor, and no pest control management is usually suggested. However, the effect of erineum-forming mites on walnut photosynthesis might be disproportionately larger than can be predicted from the leaf area impacted. In the present study, we studied how the foliage photosynthetic characteristics, pigment contents, and stress-induced volatile organic compounds scaled with the severity of infection varied from 0% (control trees) to 9.9%, by erineum-forming mite Aceria erinea in J. regia. Both leaf net assimilation rate (up to 75% reduction) and stomatal conductance (up to 82%) decreased disproportionately, increasing infection severity. Leaf total chlorophyll and β-carotene contents also decreased with infection severity, although the reduction was less than for photosynthetic characteristics (28% for chlorophyll and 25% for β-carotene). The infection induced significant emissions of green leaves volatiles ((Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and 1-hexanol), monoterpenes and the homoterpene 3-(E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene, and these emissions scaled positively with the percentage of leaf area infected. These results collectively indicate that erineum-forming mite infection of walnut leaves results in profound modifications in foliage physiological characteristics that can significantly impact tree photosynthetic productivity.

ACS Style

Corina Popitanu; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Simona Bungău; Ülo Niinemets; Dana Copolovici. Induced Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Juglans regia Leaves Infected with the Erineum-Forming Mite Aceria erinea. Forests 2021, 12, 920 .

AMA Style

Corina Popitanu, Andreea Lupitu, Lucian Copolovici, Simona Bungău, Ülo Niinemets, Dana Copolovici. Induced Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Juglans regia Leaves Infected with the Erineum-Forming Mite Aceria erinea. Forests. 2021; 12 (7):920.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corina Popitanu; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Simona Bungău; Ülo Niinemets; Dana Copolovici. 2021. "Induced Volatile Emissions, Photosynthetic Characteristics, and Pigment Content in Juglans regia Leaves Infected with the Erineum-Forming Mite Aceria erinea." Forests 12, no. 7: 920.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Molecules
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Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is a plant used in the textile industry and green building material industry, as well as for the phytoremediation of soil, medical treatments, and supplementary food products. The synergistic effect of terpenes, flavonoids, and cannabinoids in hemp extracts may mediate the biogenic synthesis of metal nanoparticles. In this study, the chemical composition of aqueous leaf extracts of three varieties of Romanian hemp (two monoecious, and one dioecious) have been determined by Fourier-Transformed Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-performance liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MS). Then, their capability to mediate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and their pottential antibacterial applications were evaluated. The average antioxidant capacity of the extracts had 18.4 ± 3.9% inhibition determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 78.2 ± 4.1% determined by 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS™) assays. The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was 1642 ± 32 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1. After this, these extracts were reacted with an aqueous solution of AgNO3 resulting in AgNPs, which were characterized by UV−VIS spectroscopy, FT-IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDX), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results demonstrated obtaining spherical, stable AgNPs with a diameter of less than 69 nm and an absorbance peak at 435 nm. The mixture of extracts and AgNPs showed a superior antioxidant capacity of 2.3 ± 0.4% inhibition determined by the DPPH assay, 88.5 ± 0.9% inhibition as determined by the ABTS•+ assay, and a good antibacterial activity against several human pathogens: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Staphylococcus aureus.

ACS Style

Adriana Csakvari; Cristian Moisa; Dana Radu; Leonard Olariu; Andreea Lupitu; Anca Panda; Georgeta Pop; Dorina Chambre; Vlad Socoliuc; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici. Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Diverse Varieties of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts. Molecules 2021, 26, 4041 .

AMA Style

Adriana Csakvari, Cristian Moisa, Dana Radu, Leonard Olariu, Andreea Lupitu, Anca Panda, Georgeta Pop, Dorina Chambre, Vlad Socoliuc, Lucian Copolovici, Dana Copolovici. Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Diverse Varieties of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts. Molecules. 2021; 26 (13):4041.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Csakvari; Cristian Moisa; Dana Radu; Leonard Olariu; Andreea Lupitu; Anca Panda; Georgeta Pop; Dorina Chambre; Vlad Socoliuc; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici. 2021. "Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Obtained by Using Diverse Varieties of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts." Molecules 26, no. 13: 4041.

Journal article
Published: 02 May 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Benzene, toluene, and total BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) concentrations registered for one year (2016) have been determined every month for one high-density traffic area. The assessment was performed in Arad City, Romania, to evaluate these pollutants and their influence on the inhabitants’ health. The contaminants were sampled using a static sampling method and analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Benzene was the most dominant among the BTEX compounds—the average concentrations ranged from 18.00 ± 1.32 µg m−3 in December to 2.47 ± 0.74 µg m−3 in August. The average toluene concentration over the year was 4.36 ± 2.42 µg m−3 (with a maximum of 9.60 ± 2.39 µg m−3 in November and a minimum of 1.04 ± 0.29 µg m−3 in May). The toluene/benzene ratio (T/B) was around 0.5, indicating substantial contributions from mobile sources (vehicles). The emission and accumulation of different aromatic compounds (especially benzene) could deteriorate the urban air quality. The lifetime cancer risk (LTCR) for benzene was found to be more than 10−5 in winter, including the inhabitants in the “probable cancer risk” category.

ACS Style

Corina Popitanu; Gabriela Cioca; Lucian Copolovici; Dennis Iosif; Florentina-Daniela Munteanu; Dana Copolovici. The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4858 .

AMA Style

Corina Popitanu, Gabriela Cioca, Lucian Copolovici, Dennis Iosif, Florentina-Daniela Munteanu, Dana Copolovici. The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4858.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Corina Popitanu; Gabriela Cioca; Lucian Copolovici; Dennis Iosif; Florentina-Daniela Munteanu; Dana Copolovici. 2021. "The Seasonality Impact of the BTEX Pollution on the Atmosphere of Arad City, Romania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4858.

Original paper
Published: 02 March 2021 in Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition
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More than we would like to admit, pharmaceutical products represent a high risk for the environment since, in the past decades, their concentration in natural, drinking, and irrigation waters reached concerning concentrations. The threat also resides in the fact that they tend to accumulate in edible plants and crops, and in the end, they could affect other organisms in the food chain, including humans. The aim of the work was to address some of these probable threats of pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore, the effects of three essential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the ultrastructural aspects, uptake capacity, and biotransformation were investigated in green leafy vegetables. Thus, diclofenac (DCF), ibuprofen (IBU), and naproxen (NAP) were selected to assess the impact on three of the most consumed leafy vegetables: Atriplex patula L., Spinacia oleracea L., and Lactuca sativa L. The abiotic stress consisted of watering the vegetables once every 2 days, with different concentrations of the chosen NSAIDs (from 0.1 to 1 mg L−1). The uptake in leaves and soil was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography, after solid-phase extraction successfully optimized herein. The morphological and anatomical changes were monitored through scanning and transmission electron microscopy analyses. The concentration of the NSAIDs determined in the leaf samples increased in a dose-dependent manner and the analyzed soil samples had NSAIDs concentrations ranging from 0.38 μg g−1 soil to 9.00 μg g−1 soil. The morphological aspect of the green leafy vegetables was not affected compared to untreated controls, while several ultrastructural changes were observed, where oily accumulations were detected in the cell walls and vacuoles and damaged mitochondria with ruptured membranes were frequent. The obtained results demonstrated that under the current experimental abiotic stress conditions, edible plants can uptake high amounts of NSAIDs, depending on the concentration used. As a future perspective, this could also have adverse effects on the consumers through bioaccumulation or other metabolic processes.

ACS Style

Ocsana Opriș; Maria-Loredana Soran; Ildikó Lung; Alexandra Ciorîță; Lucian Copolovici. Biotransformation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induces Ultrastructural Modifications in Green Leafy Vegetables. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Ocsana Opriș, Maria-Loredana Soran, Ildikó Lung, Alexandra Ciorîță, Lucian Copolovici. Biotransformation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induces Ultrastructural Modifications in Green Leafy Vegetables. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ocsana Opriș; Maria-Loredana Soran; Ildikó Lung; Alexandra Ciorîță; Lucian Copolovici. 2021. "Biotransformation of Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Induces Ultrastructural Modifications in Green Leafy Vegetables." Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition , no. : 1-13.

Research article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity
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Camelina sativa is mainly used as an oilseed crop; its edible oil is being also used as a traditional home remedy for the treatment of ulcers, wounds, and eye inflammations, due to the antioxidant activities. In the present study, the chemically characterized alcoholic extracts of Camelina sativa var. Madalina defatted seeds (5 g/kg body weight p.o., suspended in CMC-Na 0.1%) were administered to stress-induced animal models of irritable bowel syndrome (based on combinations of contention stress and multifactorial stress and maternal stress) and evaluated for the behavioural (short-term memory by the Y maze test, the anxious behaviour using the elevated plus maze test, and the antidepressant effect using the forced swimming test) and brain and bowel tissue oxidative status (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase enzymes activities and malondialdehyde and total soluble protein levels) improving effects. According to the chemical characterization, the extracts were rich in sinapine, glucosinolates, and flavonol glycosides. Moreover, this study showed the beneficial effects of Camelina sativa seed methanolic and ethanolic extracts on the behaviour and brain and bowel tissues oxidative stress status of stress exposure-based IBS mouse models. Despite the slight differences in the chemical composition of the methanolic and ethanolic extracts, the results suggested that the Camelina sativa extracts could reverse the short-term memory impairments caused by stress exposure and also could decrease the intensity and frequency of the anxiety and depressive-like behaviours observed in the stress-exposed animal models of IBS. Furthermore, the Camelina sativa extracts showed a significant effect on the oxidative stress markers in the brain and bowel tissues of the studied animal model by decreasing the superoxide dismutase activity and increasing the glutathione peroxidase activity. However, the results suggested that the extracts could also increase lipid peroxidation in bowel tissues. In this way, this study provides additional evidence that the administration of Camelina sativa seed alcoholic extracts could improve cognitive performances and mood and exhibit the antioxidant capacity in both the brain and bowel tissues.

ACS Style

Roxana O. Cojocariu; Ioana-Miruna Balmus; Radu Lefter; Luminita Hritcu; Daniela C. Ababei; Alin Ciobica; Simona Copaci; Silvia E. L. Mot; Lucian Copolovici; Dana M. Copolovici; Stefana Jurcoane. Camelina sativa Methanolic and Ethanolic Extract Potential in Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Memory Deficits, and Affective Impairments in Stress Exposure-Based Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Models. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020, 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Roxana O. Cojocariu, Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Radu Lefter, Luminita Hritcu, Daniela C. Ababei, Alin Ciobica, Simona Copaci, Silvia E. L. Mot, Lucian Copolovici, Dana M. Copolovici, Stefana Jurcoane. Camelina sativa Methanolic and Ethanolic Extract Potential in Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Memory Deficits, and Affective Impairments in Stress Exposure-Based Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Models. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2020; 2020 ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roxana O. Cojocariu; Ioana-Miruna Balmus; Radu Lefter; Luminita Hritcu; Daniela C. Ababei; Alin Ciobica; Simona Copaci; Silvia E. L. Mot; Lucian Copolovici; Dana M. Copolovici; Stefana Jurcoane. 2020. "Camelina sativa Methanolic and Ethanolic Extract Potential in Alleviating Oxidative Stress, Memory Deficits, and Affective Impairments in Stress Exposure-Based Irritable Bowel Syndrome Mouse Models." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2020, no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 07 December 2020 in Scientific Reports
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Saturejahortensis is one of the representative plants from the Lamiaceae family, and its essential oil has been used in various applicative fields, from the food industry to aromatherapy. The changes that occur in heated samples at different temperatures (160, 175, 190 ºC) over different periods (0.5 and 2.5 h) in Saturejahortensis essential oil composition and chemical properties were evaluated. The results showed that the major chemical composition constituents of the investigated essential oil are γ-terpinene + α-terpinolene and carvacrol + p-cymene and the thermal behavior is dependent on the content. This composition drastically changes through the heating of the samples and causes significant changes in thermal behavior. The present study demonstrated that the concentration of carvacrol in S.hortensis essential oil is increasing after heating treatment, and the sample heated at 190 ºC for 2.5 h contained more than 91% carvacrol. This simple treatment is a rapid way to obtain carvacrol from the essential oil that has high potential as a natural preservative suitable for the food industry and alternative and complementary medicine.

ACS Style

Dorina Rodica Chambre; Cristian Moisa; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Georgeta Pop; Dana-Maria Copolovici. Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and thermal behavior of Satureja hortensis essential oil. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Dorina Rodica Chambre, Cristian Moisa, Andreea Lupitu, Lucian Copolovici, Georgeta Pop, Dana-Maria Copolovici. Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and thermal behavior of Satureja hortensis essential oil. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorina Rodica Chambre; Cristian Moisa; Andreea Lupitu; Lucian Copolovici; Georgeta Pop; Dana-Maria Copolovici. 2020. "Chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and thermal behavior of Satureja hortensis essential oil." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-12.

Research article
Published: 03 December 2020 in PLOS ONE
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Țaga cheese is a traditional Romanian smear-ripened cheese made from bovine milk and identified with the name of the village and caves where it is produced. As no previously reported microbiological and chemical studies have been undertaken on this product, this research aimed to investigate the microbiological and biochemical characteristics which ensure the uniqueness of Țaga cheese during the ripening process, to inform producers as to key quality determinants. Cheese samples, consisting of retail blocks, were collected on days 2, 5, 12, 18, and 25 of the ripening process. The evolution of lactic microbiota during the production and maturation of traditional cheeses involves isolating lactic acid microorganisms present in cheese. Cheese samples were analyzed for pH, fat, NaCl, fatty acids, and volatile compounds. The microbial ecosystem naturally changes during the maturation process, leading to variation in the microorganisms involved during ripening. Our results show that specific bacteria were identified in high levels during the entire ripening process and may be responsible for milk fat lipolysis contributing directly to cheese flavor by imparting detailed fatty acid flavor notes, or indirectly as precursors formation of other flavor compounds.

ACS Style

Adriana Criste; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici; Melinda Kovacs; Robert H. Madden; Nicolae Corcionivoschi; Ozan Gundogdu; Mihaela Berchez; Adriana Cristina Urcan. Determination of changes in the microbial and chemical composition of Țaga cheese during maturation. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0242824 .

AMA Style

Adriana Criste, Lucian Copolovici, Dana Copolovici, Melinda Kovacs, Robert H. Madden, Nicolae Corcionivoschi, Ozan Gundogdu, Mihaela Berchez, Adriana Cristina Urcan. Determination of changes in the microbial and chemical composition of Țaga cheese during maturation. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (12):e0242824.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adriana Criste; Lucian Copolovici; Dana Copolovici; Melinda Kovacs; Robert H. Madden; Nicolae Corcionivoschi; Ozan Gundogdu; Mihaela Berchez; Adriana Cristina Urcan. 2020. "Determination of changes in the microbial and chemical composition of Țaga cheese during maturation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12: e0242824.

Review article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health
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Global carbon dioxide emission in the atmosphere is increasing in the last years more than ever with values of 414 ppm in July 2020. For plants, more CO2 in the air is beneficial because the rate of photosynthetic carbon fixation is increasing, which determines more biomass production. An increase in CO2 brings with it climate change, which includes global warming and extreme phenomena. Such stress factors affect the development and metabolic pathways of plants. To counteract the effects of abiotic and biotic stresses, plants used different defense strategies, including volatile organic compounds emission. Plants are emitting different compounds like terpenes, aromatic compounds, alcohols, and aldehydes. There are many papers which are dealing with the emission of volatile compounds from plants under abiotic and biotic stresses. Our review is focused on the emission of volatile organic compounds from plants under climate change and their implication in atmospheric chemistry and human health.

ACS Style

Lucian Copolovici; Angela Corina Popitanu; Dana-Maria Copolovici. Volatile organic compound emission and residual substances from plants in light of the globally increasing CO2 level. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 2020, 19, 100216 .

AMA Style

Lucian Copolovici, Angela Corina Popitanu, Dana-Maria Copolovici. Volatile organic compound emission and residual substances from plants in light of the globally increasing CO2 level. Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health. 2020; 19 ():100216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lucian Copolovici; Angela Corina Popitanu; Dana-Maria Copolovici. 2020. "Volatile organic compound emission and residual substances from plants in light of the globally increasing CO2 level." Current Opinion in Environmental Science & Health 19, no. : 100216.

Conference paper
Published: 18 August 2020 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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The Integrated Roof-Top Greenhouses (IRTG) are able to create a tight human-plant symbiosis, if provided with a two flows ventilation system, which is conveying O2 enriched air from RTG to the building and CO2 enriched air from building to RTG. Besides improving such way the building’s metabolism, if applied at a large scale IRTGs offer us an effective weapon to oppose the global warming, thanks to their carbon offset capability. IRTGs are also able to harvest local renewable energy resources (geo-thermal, solar, wind, etc.), to store them and to manage them in an integrated way with the water resources. A generic model of this system, taking into account the air exchanges between greenhouse, building and environment is discussed, as well as a fuzzy rule base for the air composition.

ACS Style

Marius M. Balas; Ramona Lile; Lucian Copolovici; Anca Dicu; Kristijan Cincar. Human-Plant Symbiosis by Integrated Roof-Top Greenhouses. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2020, 76 -83.

AMA Style

Marius M. Balas, Ramona Lile, Lucian Copolovici, Anca Dicu, Kristijan Cincar. Human-Plant Symbiosis by Integrated Roof-Top Greenhouses. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2020; ():76-83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marius M. Balas; Ramona Lile; Lucian Copolovici; Anca Dicu; Kristijan Cincar. 2020. "Human-Plant Symbiosis by Integrated Roof-Top Greenhouses." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 76-83.

Journal article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Revista de Chimie
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In this research, the variations in the chemical composition of the Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil, the Romanian variety Moldoveanca 4, obtained from the same culture, in the same harvesting and extraction conditions, during the years 2016-2018, representing the years 2-4 of culture. Lavandula angustifolia Mill. flowers were supplied from an ecological-crops from N-E Romania and the essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation of freshly harvested flowers. To determine the chemical composition, the essential oil was semi-quantitatively analysed by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In all the samples, 30 organic compounds were identified, linalool and linalyl acetate being in similar concentrations (23.51-27.39% for linalool and 26.60-40.66% for linalyl acetate). Changes in chemical composition were observed in 2017 and 2018. Also, in 2017 was determined an increase in the quantity of linalyl acetate (from 26.60 to 40.66 %), and a slight decrease in linalool content; in 2018, the concentration in linalyl acetate remained approximately the same as in 2017 (38.03 versus 40.66 %) and there was an increase in linalool compared to the previous years (27.39 %, compared to 23.51 % in 2017 and 26.22 % in 2016). The chemical composition of the essential oils obtained from flowers of Lavandula angustifolia L., Moldoveanca 4 variety, showed substantial changes of the chemical profile describing the compounds during the analysed three years, as was determined by GC-MS analyses.

ACS Style

Mihaela Bogdan; Simona Bungau; Delia Mirela Tit; Lucian Copolovici; Tapan Behl; Pavel Otrisal; Lotfi Aleya; Gabriela Cioca; Doina Berescu; Diana Uivarosan; Dana Maria Copolovici. Variations in the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Moldoveanca 4 Romanian Variety. Revista de Chimie 2020, 71, 307 -315.

AMA Style

Mihaela Bogdan, Simona Bungau, Delia Mirela Tit, Lucian Copolovici, Tapan Behl, Pavel Otrisal, Lotfi Aleya, Gabriela Cioca, Doina Berescu, Diana Uivarosan, Dana Maria Copolovici. Variations in the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Moldoveanca 4 Romanian Variety. Revista de Chimie. 2020; 71 (7):307-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mihaela Bogdan; Simona Bungau; Delia Mirela Tit; Lucian Copolovici; Tapan Behl; Pavel Otrisal; Lotfi Aleya; Gabriela Cioca; Doina Berescu; Diana Uivarosan; Dana Maria Copolovici. 2020. "Variations in the Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Lavandula angustifolia Mill., Moldoveanca 4 Romanian Variety." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 7: 307-315.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2020 in Sustainability
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Blackberry pomace represents a valuable but underused byproduct of juice manufacturing. Its further applicability in various food systems is facilitated by detailed knowledge of its own bioactive potential. This study was focused on the investigation of the polyphenolic compound profile, total phenolic and ascorbic acid content, as well as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity of blackberries (Rubus fruticosus L.) coming from spontaneous flora of two different areas of Romania, Paltinis (Sibiu County) and Zugau (Arad County) and their fractions, juice and pomace, resulting from home-scale processing. To ensure a satisfactory shelf life, the blackberry pomace was subjected to convective drying (60 °C for 12 hours) and the impact of this treatment on the antioxidant properties was evaluated. No significant differences in the investigated characteristics according to the place of origin were recorded. However, a slight increase in the antioxidant properties of fruits and fractions from the Zugau region, characterized by higher temperatures and a lower precipitation regime, was noticed compared with samples derived from the Paltinis area. The drying of blackberry byproducts led to losses of 10–23% in the content of the investigated bioactive compounds and DPPH radical scavenging activity. A significant correlation between DPPH radical scavenging activity and the total phenolic content has been recorded. Our findings are of interest in blackberry selection to enhance the level of bioactive compounds in the targeted products. The obtained results confirm that the blackberry processing byproducts may be regarded as a promising source of high-quality bioactive compounds and a proven radical scavenging capacity, representing a starting point for further analyses. This study responds to a global issue regarding fruit byproduct management in order to ensure the sustainable development of a circular economy.

ACS Style

Cristina-Ramona Metzner Ungureanu; Andreea Lupitu; Cristian Moisa; Adrian Rivis; Lucian Copolovici; Mariana-Atena Poiana. Investigation on High-Value Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberries and Their Fractions Obtained by Home-Scale Juice Processing. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5681 .

AMA Style

Cristina-Ramona Metzner Ungureanu, Andreea Lupitu, Cristian Moisa, Adrian Rivis, Lucian Copolovici, Mariana-Atena Poiana. Investigation on High-Value Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberries and Their Fractions Obtained by Home-Scale Juice Processing. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5681.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina-Ramona Metzner Ungureanu; Andreea Lupitu; Cristian Moisa; Adrian Rivis; Lucian Copolovici; Mariana-Atena Poiana. 2020. "Investigation on High-Value Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Properties of Blackberries and Their Fractions Obtained by Home-Scale Juice Processing." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5681.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2020 in International Journal of Food Engineering
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The impact of different extraction methods on bioactive compounds (total phenols and flavonoids) recovery from onion wastes recovered from the market was investigated. The results revealed a total polyphenol content from 25.19 ± 3.56 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) to 212.56 ± 1.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g for supercritical extraction (SFE). The total flavonoid content registered from 108.36 ± 3.62 mg quercetin equivalents/g for EAE to 334.97 ± 19.41 mg quercetin equivalents/g for conventional solvent extraction (CSE). The antioxidant activity (404.93 ± 1.39 mM Trolox/g) for SFE was the highest compared to all the extraction procedures used. The chromatographic profiles were conducted at five primary compound identification (quercetin 7,4-diglycoside, quercetin 3,4-diglycoside, quercetin 4-glucoside, quercetin, and kaempferol) and GC-MS analysis allowed the identification of 26 compounds, manly identified in EAE. The results also revealed that the SFE method, as a non-invasive technique, recorded the highest concentration of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity, confirmed by chromatographic profiles.

ACS Style

Oana Emilia Constantin; Adelina Ștefania Milea; Carmen Bolea; Liliana Mihalcea; Elena Enachi; Dana Maria Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici; Florentina Munteanu; Gabriela Elena Bahrim; Gabriela Râpeanu. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracts characterization by conventional and modern methods. International Journal of Food Engineering 2020, 17, 485 -493.

AMA Style

Oana Emilia Constantin, Adelina Ștefania Milea, Carmen Bolea, Liliana Mihalcea, Elena Enachi, Dana Maria Copolovici, Lucian Copolovici, Florentina Munteanu, Gabriela Elena Bahrim, Gabriela Râpeanu. Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracts characterization by conventional and modern methods. International Journal of Food Engineering. 2020; 17 (6):485-493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Oana Emilia Constantin; Adelina Ștefania Milea; Carmen Bolea; Liliana Mihalcea; Elena Enachi; Dana Maria Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici; Florentina Munteanu; Gabriela Elena Bahrim; Gabriela Râpeanu. 2020. "Onion (Allium cepa L.) peel extracts characterization by conventional and modern methods." International Journal of Food Engineering 17, no. 6: 485-493.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2020 in Agronomy
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Romania has a wide variety of local landraces and heirloom genotypes. Our study aims to assess the performance of twenty halotolerant tomato landraces, collected from areas with medium and high levels of soil salinity, in terms ofthe accumulation of antioxidant compounds in fruits and to cluster them according to their nutraceutical components. The tomatoes used in the study were harvested once they had attained full ripeness and then analyzed for lycopene (Lyc), ascorbic acid content (AsA), total phenolic content (TPC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). The results revealed major differences between genotypes in terms of nutraceutical values. According to principal component analysis, the tomato landraces were grouped into five clusters, characterized by different proportions of compounds with antioxidant activity. The high/moderate nutritional values of Lyc, TAC, TPC, and AsA were obtained from varieties taken from local lands with high soil salinity, over 6.5 dS m−1. These findings support the idea that metabolites and secondary antioxidants are involved in the process of stress adaptation, thereby increasing salinity tolerance in tomatoes. Our results show that there are tomato landraces with a tolerance of adaptation to conditions of high soil salinity and provide information on their ability to synthesize molecules with antioxidant functions that protect plants against oxidative damage.

ACS Style

Renata M. Sumalan; Sorin I. Ciulca; Mariana A. Poiana; Diana Moigradean; Isidora Radulov; Monica Negrea; Manuela E. Crisan; Lucian Copolovici; Radu L. Sumalan. The Antioxidant Profile Evaluation of Some Tomato Landraces with Soil Salinity Tolerance Correlated with High Nutraceuticaland Functional Value. Agronomy 2020, 10, 500 .

AMA Style

Renata M. Sumalan, Sorin I. Ciulca, Mariana A. Poiana, Diana Moigradean, Isidora Radulov, Monica Negrea, Manuela E. Crisan, Lucian Copolovici, Radu L. Sumalan. The Antioxidant Profile Evaluation of Some Tomato Landraces with Soil Salinity Tolerance Correlated with High Nutraceuticaland Functional Value. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (4):500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renata M. Sumalan; Sorin I. Ciulca; Mariana A. Poiana; Diana Moigradean; Isidora Radulov; Monica Negrea; Manuela E. Crisan; Lucian Copolovici; Radu L. Sumalan. 2020. "The Antioxidant Profile Evaluation of Some Tomato Landraces with Soil Salinity Tolerance Correlated with High Nutraceuticaland Functional Value." Agronomy 10, no. 4: 500.

Journal article
Published: 30 March 2020 in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry
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The global presence of pharmaceuticals in the environment has been particularly considered a concerning problem with unknown consequences. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most frequently prescribed drugs in the world, and as a result, they are commonly found in different environmental compartments. In the present work, we studied the effects of NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) on the composition and ultrastructure of Atriplex patula L., S. oleracea, and Lactuca sativa L., three green leafy vegetables with significant nutritional value. Contaminant solutions of NSAIDs were applied every two days using concentrations of 0.1 mg L−1, 0.5 mg L−1, and 1 mg L−1. After eight weeks of exposure of the green leafy vegetables to the selected NSAIDs, the chlorophylls (a + b), carotenoids (zeaxanthin, lutein, and ß-carotene), total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity, and the ultrastructural modifications were determined. The obtained results indicated a moderate reduction in the assimilating pigments, total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. In addition, ultrastructural damages of the chloroplasts and cell walls were observed in the leaves of the selected vegetables, which were exposed to abiotic stress-induced by NSAIDs. All data collectively suggest that this group of drugs induced harmful effects on plants, and implicitly they may also negatively affected human health on the long term.

ACS Style

Ocsana Opriș; Ildikó Lung; Maria-Loredana Soran; Alexandra Ciorîță; Lucian Copolovici. Investigating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the composition and ultrastructure of green leafy vegetables with important nutritional values. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 2020, 151, 342 -351.

AMA Style

Ocsana Opriș, Ildikó Lung, Maria-Loredana Soran, Alexandra Ciorîță, Lucian Copolovici. Investigating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the composition and ultrastructure of green leafy vegetables with important nutritional values. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry. 2020; 151 ():342-351.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ocsana Opriș; Ildikó Lung; Maria-Loredana Soran; Alexandra Ciorîță; Lucian Copolovici. 2020. "Investigating the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the composition and ultrastructure of green leafy vegetables with important nutritional values." Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 151, no. : 342-351.

Original paper
Published: 10 September 2019 in Waste and Biomass Valorization
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The MnO2 nanoparticles, when used as catalyst, determine an enhanced reaction rate of the transesterifications process thus being very attractive for biodiesel production. One of the current limitations of the biofuel production by using MnO2 nanoparticles as catalyst is given by the reaction conditions. This work intends to improve the transesterification reaction efficiency through the use of a microwave field. It can generate large quantities of energy that lead to a good molecular motion thus favoring the transesterification process without altering the molecular structure. The aim of the present research is to explore the possibility of carrying out the microwave-assisted transesterification of grapes residues and seeds oil through the use of MnO2 nanoparticles as catalysts, as well as yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), to efficiently obtain biofuel end product. Both chemically and biochemically (using plant extracts) synthesized MnO2 nanoparticles were produced and characterized by different techniques like TEM, XRD, BET, XPS, VSM. The analysis of obtained biofuel was performed by GC–MS. The comparison of results revealed that the samples prepared using plant extracts have morphologic properties higher than chemically prepared sample. MnO2 nanoparticles obtained by the use of oregano extracts were further tested for microwave assisted transesterification studies. The surface area of the MnO2 nanoparticles biochemically synthesized was four times higher than the nanoparticles synthesized by chemical method. The MnO2-oregano nanoparticles presented the best catalytic activity for biodiesel production as compared to the yeast catalyst. The use of microwave field for transesterification further enhances the efficiency of the process.

ACS Style

Adina Stegarescu; Ildiko Lung; Cristian Leoștean; Irina Kacso; Ocsana Opriș; Mihaela Diana Lazăr; Lucian Copolovici; Simona Guțoiu; Manuela Stan; Adriana Popa; Ovidiu Pana; Alin Sebastian Porav; Maria-Loredana Soran. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Test of MnO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Biofuel Production from Grape Residue and Seeds Oil. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2019, 11, 5003 -5013.

AMA Style

Adina Stegarescu, Ildiko Lung, Cristian Leoștean, Irina Kacso, Ocsana Opriș, Mihaela Diana Lazăr, Lucian Copolovici, Simona Guțoiu, Manuela Stan, Adriana Popa, Ovidiu Pana, Alin Sebastian Porav, Maria-Loredana Soran. Green Synthesis, Characterization and Test of MnO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Biofuel Production from Grape Residue and Seeds Oil. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2019; 11 (9):5003-5013.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adina Stegarescu; Ildiko Lung; Cristian Leoștean; Irina Kacso; Ocsana Opriș; Mihaela Diana Lazăr; Lucian Copolovici; Simona Guțoiu; Manuela Stan; Adriana Popa; Ovidiu Pana; Alin Sebastian Porav; Maria-Loredana Soran. 2019. "Green Synthesis, Characterization and Test of MnO2 Nanoparticles as Catalyst in Biofuel Production from Grape Residue and Seeds Oil." Waste and Biomass Valorization 11, no. 9: 5003-5013.

Original research article
Published: 03 June 2019 in Ecotoxicology
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Understanding the effects of many essential non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on plants is still limited, especially at environmentally realistic concentrations. This paper presents the influence of three of the most frequently used NSAIDs (diclofenac, ibuprofen, and naproxen) at environmentally realistic concentrations on the autochthonous green leafy vegetables: orache (Atriplex patula L.), spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Our research was focused on the determination of the photosynthetic parameters, the emission rate of volatile organic compounds, and the evaluation of the ultrastructure of leaves of studied vegetables after exposure to abiotic stress induced by environmental pollutants, namely NSAIDs. The data obtained indicate a moderate reduction of foliage physiological activity as a response to the stress induced by NSAIDs to the selected green leafy vegetables. The increase of the 3-hexenal and monoterpene emission rates with increasing NSAIDs concentration could be used as a sensitive and a rapid indicator to assess the toxicity of the NSAIDs. Microscopic analysis showed that the green leafy vegetables were affected by the selected NSAIDs. In comparison to the controls, the green leafy vegetables treated with NSAIDs presented irregular growth of glandular trichomes on the surface of the adaxial side of the leaves, less stomata, cells with less cytoplasm, irregular cell walls and randomly distributed chloroplasts. Of the three NSAIDs investigated in this study, ibuprofen presented the highest influence. The results obtained in this study can be used to better estimate the impact of drugs on the environment and to improve awareness on the importance of the responsible use of drugs.

ACS Style

Ocsana Opriş; Alexandra Ciorîță; Maria-Loredana Soran; Ildikó Lung; Dana Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici. Evaluation of the photosynthetic parameters, emission of volatile organic compounds and ultrastructure of common green leafy vegetables after exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ecotoxicology 2019, 28, 631 -642.

AMA Style

Ocsana Opriş, Alexandra Ciorîță, Maria-Loredana Soran, Ildikó Lung, Dana Copolovici, Lucian Copolovici. Evaluation of the photosynthetic parameters, emission of volatile organic compounds and ultrastructure of common green leafy vegetables after exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Ecotoxicology. 2019; 28 (6):631-642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ocsana Opriş; Alexandra Ciorîță; Maria-Loredana Soran; Ildikó Lung; Dana Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici. 2019. "Evaluation of the photosynthetic parameters, emission of volatile organic compounds and ultrastructure of common green leafy vegetables after exposure to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)." Ecotoxicology 28, no. 6: 631-642.

Journal article
Published: 15 March 2019 in Revista de Chimie
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Thymus vulgaris essential oil is one of the most common oils used mainly in food industry but it could also have applications in medicine and pharmacy. The chemical composition of this essential oil depends on the plant material harvesting time, phenomenological stages, meteorological conditions and growing area of plants. In our study, four different Thymus vulgaris L. var. Donne Valley essential oils have been extracted and characterised. The essential oils have been extracted from plants before and after flowering in two different years. There is an important difference between the chemical composition of oils obtained from plants harvested before and after flowering. Thymol and carvacrol have been found as the major components, but the percentage depends on the phenological stages of the plants and the year of harvesting. Furthermore, the composition of the minor components changed.

ACS Style

Cristian Moisa; Andreea Lupitu; Georgeta Pop; Dorina Rodica Chambre; Lucian Copolovici; Gabriela Cioca; Simona Bungau; Dana Maria Copolovici. Variation of the Chemical Composition of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oils by Phenological Stages. Revista de Chimie 2019, 70, 633 -637.

AMA Style

Cristian Moisa, Andreea Lupitu, Georgeta Pop, Dorina Rodica Chambre, Lucian Copolovici, Gabriela Cioca, Simona Bungau, Dana Maria Copolovici. Variation of the Chemical Composition of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oils by Phenological Stages. Revista de Chimie. 2019; 70 (2):633-637.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristian Moisa; Andreea Lupitu; Georgeta Pop; Dorina Rodica Chambre; Lucian Copolovici; Gabriela Cioca; Simona Bungau; Dana Maria Copolovici. 2019. "Variation of the Chemical Composition of Thymus Vulgaris Essential Oils by Phenological Stages." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 2: 633-637.

Journal article
Published: 24 January 2019 in Scientific Reports
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Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum pathogens constitutes a major threat to agricultural production because it frequently reduces the yield and quality of the crop. The disease severity is predicted to increase in various regions owing to climate change. Integrated management where biocontrol plays an important role has been suggested in order to fight FHB. P. polymyxa A26 is known to be an effective antagonist against F. graminearum. Deeper understanding of the mode of action of P. polymyxa A26 is needed to develop strategies for its application under natural settings in order to effectively overcome the pathogenic effects. This study aims to re-evaluate a former study and reveal whether compounds other than non-ribosomal antibiotic lipopeptides could be responsible for the antagonistic effect, despite what is often reported. Wheat seedlings were grown to maturity and the spikes infected with the pathogen under greenhouse conditions. The development of FHB infection, quantified via the disease incidence severity and 100-kernel weight, was strongly correlated (r > 0.78, p < 0.01) with the content of the polysaccharide component D-glucuronic acid in the biofilm. Furthermore, while increased inoculum density from 106 to 108 cells/ml did not affect wild type performance, a significant increase was observed with the P. polymyxa mutant deficient in nonribosomal lipopeptide synthesis. Our results show that P. polymyxa A26 biofilm extracellular polysaccharides are capable of antagonizing F. graminearum and that the uronate content of the polysaccharides is of critical importance in the antagonism.

ACS Style

Salme Timmusk; Dana Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici; Tiiu Teder; Eviatar Nevo; Lawrence Behers. Paenibacillus polymyxa biofilm polysaccharides antagonise Fusarium graminearum. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 662 .

AMA Style

Salme Timmusk, Dana Copolovici, Lucian Copolovici, Tiiu Teder, Eviatar Nevo, Lawrence Behers. Paenibacillus polymyxa biofilm polysaccharides antagonise Fusarium graminearum. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):662.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salme Timmusk; Dana Copolovici; Lucian Copolovici; Tiiu Teder; Eviatar Nevo; Lawrence Behers. 2019. "Paenibacillus polymyxa biofilm polysaccharides antagonise Fusarium graminearum." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 662.