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In the present study, improved moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) was applied to enhance the nutrient removal ability of the municipal wastewater. A total of 18 indigenous bacterial isolates were screened from the sewage sludge sample and nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and hydroxylamine oxidase was analyzed. The strains Pseudomonas aeruginosa NU1 and Acinetobacter calcoaceticus K12 produced 0.87 ± 0.05 U/mg and 0.52 ± 0.12 U/mg hydroxylamine oxidase, 1.023 ± 0.062 U/mg and 1.29 ± 0.07 U/mg nitrite reductase, and 0.789 ± 0.031 U/mg and 1.07 ± 0.13 U/mg nitrate reductase. Nitrogen and phosphate removal improved by the addition of nutrient sources and achieved >80% removal rate. pH and temperature of the medium also affected nutrient removal and improved removal was achieved at optimum level (p<0.05). MBBR was designed with R1 (aerobic), R2 and R3 (anoxic) reactors. MBBR reactors removed acceptable level phosphorus removal properties up to 7.2 ± 3.8%, 42.4 ± 4.6%, and 84.2 ± 13.1% in the R1, R2, R3 and R4 reactors, respectively. Denitrification rate showed linear relationship at increasing concentrations nitrogen content in the reactor and denitrification rate was 1.43 g NO2-N /m2/day at 1.5 g NO2-N /m2/day. Dehydrogenase activity was assayed in all reactors and maximum amount was detected in the aerobic biofilm reactor. Based on the present findings, MBBRs and the selected bacterial strains are useful for the degradation domestic wastewater with minimum working area.
Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani; Abeer M. Almutairi; Subhanandharaj Russalamma Flanet Raj; Jayarajapazham Rajaselvam; Soon Woong Chang; Balasubramani Ravindran. Biofilm producing indigenous bacteria isolated from municipal sludge and their nutrient removal ability in moving bed biofilm reactor from the wastewater. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2021, 28, 4994 -5001.
AMA StyleKhaloud Mohammed Alarjani, Abeer M. Almutairi, Subhanandharaj Russalamma Flanet Raj, Jayarajapazham Rajaselvam, Soon Woong Chang, Balasubramani Ravindran. Biofilm producing indigenous bacteria isolated from municipal sludge and their nutrient removal ability in moving bed biofilm reactor from the wastewater. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021; 28 (9):4994-5001.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKhaloud Mohammed Alarjani; Abeer M. Almutairi; Subhanandharaj Russalamma Flanet Raj; Jayarajapazham Rajaselvam; Soon Woong Chang; Balasubramani Ravindran. 2021. "Biofilm producing indigenous bacteria isolated from municipal sludge and their nutrient removal ability in moving bed biofilm reactor from the wastewater." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 9: 4994-5001.
For feasibility of carbon sequestration as well as in the mitigation of greenhouse gases for application of biochar pellet, this experiment was conducted, focusing on the adsorption characteristics of NH4-N on biochar pellet mixed with different ratios of pig manure compost. For NH4-N adsorption on biochar pellets, the loading amount of biochar pellet was 211.5 mg in 50 mL of aqueous solution, and the adsorption fitted very well with Langmuir isotherm. The maximum adsorption and removal rates were 2.94 mg g−1 and 92.2%, respectively, in the pellet that contained 90% of biochar. It was also observed, by kinetic models, that NH4-N was adsorbed fast on biochar pellet with a combination ratio of 9:1 of biochar pellet/pig manure. It was further observed that the higher the amount of biochar contained in the biochar pellet, the greater the adsorption of NH4-N. For the plant response observed for lettuce, it was shown that the leaf biomass in plots treated with a 9:1 biochar/pig manure compost increased by approximately 13% compared with the leaf biomass in plots treated with the compost alone. The leaf biomass of the other treatments was higher than that of the control. This implies that the application of biochar pellets, regardless of the biochar contents, might be useful for soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation for agricultural practices.
Joungdu Shin; Eunjung Choi; Eunsuk Jang; Seung Gil Hong; Sangryong Lee; Balasubramani Ravindran. Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet. Sustainability 2018, 10, 1331 .
AMA StyleJoungdu Shin, Eunjung Choi, Eunsuk Jang, Seung Gil Hong, Sangryong Lee, Balasubramani Ravindran. Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (5):1331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoungdu Shin; Eunjung Choi; Eunsuk Jang; Seung Gil Hong; Sangryong Lee; Balasubramani Ravindran. 2018. "Adsorption Characteristics of Ammonium Nitrogen and Plant Responses to Biochar Pellet." Sustainability 10, no. 5: 1331.
The effectiveness of co-additives for improving livestock waste composting (reduction of air pollution and conservation of nutrients) was investigated. Biochar and Flue gas desulphurization gypsum (FGD gypsum) were used to supplement the composting of a mixture of slaughter waste, swine slurry, and sawdust. Different compositions of additives (0% or 5% each, 10% biochar or FGD gypsum) were tested in triplicate on the laboratory scale. In addition, the effects of two different aeration schemes (continuous and intermittent) were also investigated. Ammonia volatilization, physicochemical characteristics, and compost maturity indices were investigated. The results indicated that the use of the co-additive (Biochar and FGD gypsum) during composting of livestock waste led to a reduction of ammonia volatilization by 26–59% and to a 6.7–7.9-fold increase of nitrate accumulation. The total ammonia volatilization of intermittent aeration treatment was lower than that of continuous aeration using co-additives treatment. It was concluded that co-additives (biochar and FGD gypsum) might be utilized in livestock waste composting to reduce ammonia volatilization and improve nutrient conservation.
Andi Febrisiantosa; Balasubramani Ravindran; Hong Choi. The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste. Sustainability 2018, 10, 795 .
AMA StyleAndi Febrisiantosa, Balasubramani Ravindran, Hong Choi. The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (3):795.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndi Febrisiantosa; Balasubramani Ravindran; Hong Choi. 2018. "The Effect of Co-Additives (Biochar and FGD Gypsum) on Ammonia Volatilization during the Composting of Livestock Waste." Sustainability 10, no. 3: 795.