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Prof. Rohinton Emmanuel
Glasgow Caledonian University

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0 Carbon Management
0 Thermal Comfort
0 sustainability assessment
0 urban heat island (UHI)
0 sustainability buildings

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Thermal Comfort
urban heat island (UHI)
sustainability assessment

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Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Climate
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This study analyses the interactions and impacts between multiple factors i.e., urban greening, building layout, and meteorological conditions that characterise the urban microclimate and thermal comfort in the urban environment. The focus was on two neighbourhoods of Lecce city (southern Italy) characterised through field campaigns and modelling simulations on a typical hot summer day. Field campaigns were performed to collect greening, building geometry, and microclimate data, which were employed in numerical simulations of several greening scenarios using the Computational Fluid Dynamics-based and microclimate model ENVI-met. Results show that, on a typical summer day, trees may lead to an average daily decrease of air temperature by up to 1.00 °C and an improvement of thermal comfort in terms of Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) by up to 5.53 °C and Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) by up to 0.53. This decrease is more evident when the urban greening (in terms of green surfaces and trees) is increased by 1266 m2 in the first neighbourhood and 1988 m2 in the second one, with respect to the current scenario, proving that shading effect mainly contributes to improving the urban microclimate during daytime. On the contrary, the trapping effect of heat, stored by the surfaces during the day and released during the evening, induces an increase of the spatially averaged MRT by up to 2 °C during the evenings and a slight deterioration of thermal comfort, but only locally where the concentration of high LAD trees is higher. This study contributes to a better understanding of the ecosystem services provided by greening with regard to microclimate and thermal comfort within an urban environment for several hours of the day. It adds knowledge about the role of green areas in a Mediterranean city, an important hot spot of climate change, and thus it can be a guide for important urban regeneration plans.

ACS Style

Elisa Gatto; Fabio Ippolito; Gennaro Rispoli; Oliver Carlo; Jose Santiago; Eeva Aarrevaara; Rohinton Emmanuel; Riccardo Buccolieri. Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy). Climate 2021, 9, 116 .

AMA Style

Elisa Gatto, Fabio Ippolito, Gennaro Rispoli, Oliver Carlo, Jose Santiago, Eeva Aarrevaara, Rohinton Emmanuel, Riccardo Buccolieri. Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy). Climate. 2021; 9 (7):116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa Gatto; Fabio Ippolito; Gennaro Rispoli; Oliver Carlo; Jose Santiago; Eeva Aarrevaara; Rohinton Emmanuel; Riccardo Buccolieri. 2021. "Analysis of Urban Greening Scenarios for Improving Outdoor Thermal Comfort in Neighbourhoods of Lecce (Southern Italy)." Climate 9, no. 7: 116.

Journal article
Published: 27 April 2021 in Buildings and Cities
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ACS Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. Urban microclimate in temperate climates: a summary for practitioners. Buildings and Cities 2021, 2, 402 -410.

AMA Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. Urban microclimate in temperate climates: a summary for practitioners. Buildings and Cities. 2021; 2 (1):402-410.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. 2021. "Urban microclimate in temperate climates: a summary for practitioners." Buildings and Cities 2, no. 1: 402-410.

Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Land
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This paper presents a conceptual framework that looks at photovoltaic systems in synergy with ecosystem services. The focus is to connect business success with social and ecological progress based on the operative concept of multifunctional land use. Such an approach attempts to harmonise the needs of the industrial processes of photovoltaic systems and the ecological and social needs of the landscape context. Different from the usual design of ground photovoltaic systems in farmlands or brownfields, a new framework is proposed, combining photovoltaic panels and vegetation. A case study is considered, applying the framework to existing photovoltaic systems in the Apulia region (southern Italy). The analysis shows how the framework has, among others, the major functions of increasing solar energy production, recycling wastewater, creating raw material for biofuel, as well as providing animal habitat and mitigating air temperature. The latter is preliminarily evaluated by means of modelling simulations performed with a computational fluid dynamics and microclimate model, ENVI-met. This approach opens up a new vision of the infrastructure design of photovoltaic systems which can produce new social and economic income.

ACS Style

Teodoro Semeraro; Roberta Aretano; Amilcare Barca; Alessandro Pomes; Cecilia Del Giudice; Elisa Gatto; Marcello Lenucci; Riccardo Buccolieri; Rohinton Emmanuel; Zhi Gao; Alessandra Scognamiglio. A Conceptual Framework to Design Green Infrastructure: Ecosystem Services as an Opportunity for Creating Shared Value in Ground Photovoltaic Systems. Land 2020, 9, 238 .

AMA Style

Teodoro Semeraro, Roberta Aretano, Amilcare Barca, Alessandro Pomes, Cecilia Del Giudice, Elisa Gatto, Marcello Lenucci, Riccardo Buccolieri, Rohinton Emmanuel, Zhi Gao, Alessandra Scognamiglio. A Conceptual Framework to Design Green Infrastructure: Ecosystem Services as an Opportunity for Creating Shared Value in Ground Photovoltaic Systems. Land. 2020; 9 (8):238.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Teodoro Semeraro; Roberta Aretano; Amilcare Barca; Alessandro Pomes; Cecilia Del Giudice; Elisa Gatto; Marcello Lenucci; Riccardo Buccolieri; Rohinton Emmanuel; Zhi Gao; Alessandra Scognamiglio. 2020. "A Conceptual Framework to Design Green Infrastructure: Ecosystem Services as an Opportunity for Creating Shared Value in Ground Photovoltaic Systems." Land 9, no. 8: 238.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Environmental Geotechnics
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This study reports on the actual energy and economic performance of a water source heat pump recently installed and operated at a Glasgow Subway Station using subsurface water ingress to provide heating and domestic hot water. This follows from a previous publication (DOI: 10.1680/envgeo.15.00087) that detailed the empirical measurements and design of a heating system designed on the basis of a fifteen-month monitoring period of the water flow and temperature. The perennial water flow at a relatively high temperature enabled the system to operate more efficiently than a typical heat pump system with boreholes or trenches. The performance of the water source heat pump has been monitored for a four-month period and the coefficient of performance as well as energy saving is reported in the present study. The findings of this study indicate the energy, carbon and financial benefits of the heating system, but also highlight key issues during the operation in such a demanding underground environment. Further renewable heat potentials for the rest of the subway network and opportunities to commercialize the excess heat energy output are explored.

ACS Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. Heat energy from a shallow geothermal system in Glasgow, UK: performance evaluation design. Environmental Geotechnics 2020, 7, 274 -281.

AMA Style

Konstantinos Ninikas, Nicholas Hytiris, Rohinton Emmanuel, Bjorn Aaen. Heat energy from a shallow geothermal system in Glasgow, UK: performance evaluation design. Environmental Geotechnics. 2020; 7 (4):274-281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. 2020. "Heat energy from a shallow geothermal system in Glasgow, UK: performance evaluation design." Environmental Geotechnics 7, no. 4: 274-281.

Journal article
Published: 18 May 2020 in Urban Climate
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Streets are the fundamental elements of urban form in terms of microclimate as well as place making in cities. Microclimate itself is influenced by climate critical parameters of the Local Climate Zone Classification (LCZ) system. Therefore, a key design question is the role, if any, of LCZ classification for climate guidelines at street scale. In this paper we explore the Intra LCZ zone temperature variation at three street typologies with North- South and East-West orientation within the city core of Glasgow as a case study. We then investigate the compatibility of LCZ parameters related to openness (determined by sky view factor and aspect ratio) and surface properties (determined by albedo) with Glasgow City Council's Development Plans Policies and Proposals for street design in order to identify the possibility of using these parameters for climate sensitive street design. The results suggest that a fixed design strategy would not be applicable across all street typologies and that the identified LCZ parameters combined with form-based parameters of orientation and façade geometry can play a vital role in climate-sensitive street design.

ACS Style

Nusrath Maharoof; Rohinton Emmanuel; Craig Thomson. Compatibility of local climate zone parameters for climate sensitive street design: Influence of openness and surface properties on local climate. Urban Climate 2020, 33, 100642 .

AMA Style

Nusrath Maharoof, Rohinton Emmanuel, Craig Thomson. Compatibility of local climate zone parameters for climate sensitive street design: Influence of openness and surface properties on local climate. Urban Climate. 2020; 33 ():100642.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nusrath Maharoof; Rohinton Emmanuel; Craig Thomson. 2020. "Compatibility of local climate zone parameters for climate sensitive street design: Influence of openness and surface properties on local climate." Urban Climate 33, no. : 100642.

Journal article
Published: 11 May 2020 in Urban Forestry & Urban Greening
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Contemporary changes to climate pose increasing hydro-meteorological risks to cities. In Glasgow, key hydro-meteorological risks include alluvial and pluvial flooding and overheating. While the need to address these risks are clear, it is equally important to tackle these in a climate just manner. Having understood the benefits Green Infrastructure (GI) can provide in tackling the impact of climate change while ensuring environmental equity for Glasgow, we attempt to assess the equitability of GI distribution in Glasgow especially in relation to the potential for GI to reduce vulnerability and exposure of deprived communities to climate risk in terms of flooding and overheating. We map potential of ecosystem services within urban areas to provide cooling and increase resilience to surface flooding and highlight the geographical mismatch between social deprivation and the preponderance of these ecosystem services. We explore the implications for a ‘climate just transition’ using GI as a performance indicator.

ACS Style

Makanjuola Majekodunmi; Rohinton Emmanuel; Tahseen Jafry. A spatial exploration of deprivation and green infrastructure ecosystem services within Glasgow city. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2020, 52, 126698 .

AMA Style

Makanjuola Majekodunmi, Rohinton Emmanuel, Tahseen Jafry. A spatial exploration of deprivation and green infrastructure ecosystem services within Glasgow city. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2020; 52 ():126698.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Makanjuola Majekodunmi; Rohinton Emmanuel; Tahseen Jafry. 2020. "A spatial exploration of deprivation and green infrastructure ecosystem services within Glasgow city." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 52, no. : 126698.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2020 in Forests
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This paper is devoted to the application of the modelling approach, as one of the methods for the evaluation of thermal comfort, to neighborhoods located in two cities characterized by a different climate, i.e., a Mediterranean city in southern Italy (Lecce) and a northern European city in southern Finland (Lahti). The impact of the presence of vegetation in both places is evaluated and compared, further considering alternative scenarios for thermal comfort improvement. The thermal comfort condition is expressed in terms of indices (mean radiant temperature (MRT) and predicted mean vote (PMV)). Results show that at pedestrian level the presence of vegetation lead to an improvement of thermal comfort in summer of about 2 points in both neighborhoods. This improvement is also evident observing the spatial distribution of MRT with a difference of 7 °C in the Lecce neighborhood and 3 °C in Lahti. In winter, thermal discomfort is observed in the presence of vegetation with a difference of 1.3 °C in the Lecce neighborhood and 1.5 °C in Lahti in terms of MRT. However, trees and green cover have the important potential to offset climate change impact and to make urban environments less thermally stressful. This study aims to guide urban planners towards a motivated and necessary transaction towards new green infrastructure whose effect should, however, be analyzed and investigated case by case.

ACS Style

Elisa Gatto; Riccardo Buccolieri; Eeva Aarrevaara; Fabio Ippolito; Rohinton Emmanuel; Leonardo Perronace; Jose Luis Santiago. Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland). Forests 2020, 11, 228 .

AMA Style

Elisa Gatto, Riccardo Buccolieri, Eeva Aarrevaara, Fabio Ippolito, Rohinton Emmanuel, Leonardo Perronace, Jose Luis Santiago. Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland). Forests. 2020; 11 (2):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa Gatto; Riccardo Buccolieri; Eeva Aarrevaara; Fabio Ippolito; Rohinton Emmanuel; Leonardo Perronace; Jose Luis Santiago. 2020. "Impact of Urban Vegetation on Outdoor Thermal Comfort: Comparison between a Mediterranean City (Lecce, Italy) and a Northern European City (Lahti, Finland)." Forests 11, no. 2: 228.

Review
Published: 23 December 2019 in Clean Technologies
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The goal of the study presented in this article is to provide a general overview of the various aspects related to electric vehicles (EVs), along with all associated emerging challenges and perspectives. In this context, the basic types of EVs and the corresponding charging technologies are analyzed. Since EVs are expected to be a key component of future smart electrical grids (SEG), connection to the grid issues, along with advanced charging techniques (i.e., wireless power transfer), are analyzed as well. To this end, the main features, the requirements of vehicle to grid (V2G) communications, as well as future developments and scenarios of electrification, are also presented and analyzed. Moreover, integration issues with currently deployed fifth generation (5G) mobile wireless networks are also outlined, in order to ensure optimum transmission and reception quality in V2G communications and improved user experience. This integration is also expanded in autonomous vehicles (AVs) technology (self-driving objects), since optimized information processing from various diverse sources is required in order to ensure advanced traffic management aspects.

ACS Style

Theodoros A. Skouras; Panagiotis K. Gkonis; Charalampos N. Ilias; Panagiotis T. Trakadas; Eleftherios G. Tsampasis; Theodore V. Zahariadis; Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives. Clean Technologies 2019, 2, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Theodoros A. Skouras, Panagiotis K. Gkonis, Charalampos N. Ilias, Panagiotis T. Trakadas, Eleftherios G. Tsampasis, Theodore V. Zahariadis, Konstantinos Ninikas, Nicholas Hytiris, Rohinton Emmanuel, Bjorn Aaen. Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives. Clean Technologies. 2019; 2 (1):1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Theodoros A. Skouras; Panagiotis K. Gkonis; Charalampos N. Ilias; Panagiotis T. Trakadas; Eleftherios G. Tsampasis; Theodore V. Zahariadis; Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. 2019. "Electrical Vehicles: Current State of the Art, Future Challenges, and Perspectives." Clean Technologies 2, no. 1: 1-16.

Communication
Published: 30 October 2019 in Resources
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An installation of a Water Source Heat Hump (WSHP) at Glasgow’s Underground Station, has been using the subsurface wastewater ingress to heat the office at St. George’s Cross station. The performance of the Glasgow Subway’s new heating system was observed for a few months. The energy output readings are being presented. An average coefficient of performance (CoP) of 2.5 and a 60% energy input reduction for the heating system based on the old heating system’s energy demand indicates the actual system’s performance. The purpose of this research is to detect the likelihood of implementing the same setup in similar underground environments where the excess wastewater may support a viable and eco-friendly heating system. Fifteen cities across Europe have been identified and presented, with the adequate water quantities, where similar heating systems may be applied. The output of this study indicates not only the financial benefit but also the energy and carbon reduction of this trial. It highlights main subjects which were encountered in such a challenging subway system. Future steps to commercialize the excess heat energy output are explored together with opportunities to promote the same setup in similar cases.

ACS Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. Recovery and Valorisation of Energy from Wastewater Using a Water Source Heat Pump at the Glasgow Subway: Potential for Similar Underground Environments. Resources 2019, 8, 169 .

AMA Style

Konstantinos Ninikas, Nicholas Hytiris, Rohinton Emmanuel, Bjorn Aaen. Recovery and Valorisation of Energy from Wastewater Using a Water Source Heat Pump at the Glasgow Subway: Potential for Similar Underground Environments. Resources. 2019; 8 (4):169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. 2019. "Recovery and Valorisation of Energy from Wastewater Using a Water Source Heat Pump at the Glasgow Subway: Potential for Similar Underground Environments." Resources 8, no. 4: 169.

Communication
Published: 29 July 2019 in Clean Technologies
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In this short communication, we demonstrate that the performance of a typical air source heat pump (ASHP), exploiting a relatively stable air temperature within a subway environment, is high, even during the peak heating months. After a nine-month operational run, the coefficient of performance is demonstrated to be 3.5. The design and installation difficulties are stated together with the lessons learnt following this trial. The actual energy and carbon savings are discussed.

ACS Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. The Performance of an ASHP System Using Waste Air to Recover Heat Energy in a Subway System. Clean Technologies 2019, 1, 154 -163.

AMA Style

Konstantinos Ninikas, Nicholas Hytiris, Rohinton Emmanuel, Bjorn Aaen. The Performance of an ASHP System Using Waste Air to Recover Heat Energy in a Subway System. Clean Technologies. 2019; 1 (1):154-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantinos Ninikas; Nicholas Hytiris; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen. 2019. "The Performance of an ASHP System Using Waste Air to Recover Heat Energy in a Subway System." Clean Technologies 1, no. 1: 154-163.

Review article
Published: 07 December 2018 in Applied Computing and Informatics
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Buildings use approximately 40% of global energy and are responsible for almost a third of the worldwide greenhouse gas emissions. They also utilise about 60% of the world’s electricity. In the last decade, stringent building regulations have led to significant improvements in the quality of the thermal characteristics of many building envelopes. However, similar considerations have not been paid to the number and activities of occupants in a building, which play an increasingly important role in energy consumption, optimisation processes, and indoor air quality. More than 50% of the energy consumption could be saved in Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV) if accurate information about the number of occupants is readily available (Mysen et al., 2005). But due to privacy concerns, designing a precise occupancy sensing/counting system is a highly challenging task. While several studies count the number of occupants in rooms/zones for the optimisation of energy consumption, insufficient information is available on the comparison, analysis and pros and cons of these occupancy estimation techniques. This paper provides a review of occupancy measurement techniques and also discusses research trends and challenges. Additionally, a novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution is also proposed in this paper. Security analyses of the proposed scheme reveal that the new occupancy monitoring system is privacy preserved compared to other traditional schemes.

ACS Style

J. Ahmad; H. Larijani; R. Emmanuel; M. Mannion; A. Javed. Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings – A survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution. Applied Computing and Informatics 2018, 17, 279 -295.

AMA Style

J. Ahmad, H. Larijani, R. Emmanuel, M. Mannion, A. Javed. Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings – A survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution. Applied Computing and Informatics. 2018; 17 (2):279-295.

Chicago/Turabian Style

J. Ahmad; H. Larijani; R. Emmanuel; M. Mannion; A. Javed. 2018. "Occupancy detection in non-residential buildings – A survey and novel privacy preserved occupancy monitoring solution." Applied Computing and Informatics 17, no. 2: 279-295.

Conference paper
Published: 08 November 2018 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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Real-time occupancy monitoring information is an important component in building energy management and security. Advances in technology enables us to develop vision-based systems. These systems have gained popularity among different scientific research communities due to their high accuracy. Based on real-time video from a single camera, people occupancy rates in buildings can be correctly estimated using neural network models. This paper proposes an intelligent real-time bidirectional system, using Random Neural Network (RNN) predictions. An overhead camera was used to capture RGB images and the number of people crossing a virtual line was counted using the proposed counting technique. The proposed algorithm extracts some important features such as occupant blob areas, major axis, minor axis, eccentricity, perimeters and area-perimeter ratio for total 1000 frames. Finally, a RNN model is trained with aforementioned features using a gradient decent algorithm. Real-time experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method, especially when occupants are in group and blob merge/split scenarios. Real-time testing revealed an accuracy between 100 and 93.38% for single and multiple occupants, respectively.

ACS Style

Jawad Ahmad; Hadi Larijani; Rohinton Emmanuel; Mike Mannion; Abbas Javed. An Intelligent Real-Time Occupancy Monitoring System Using Single Overhead Camera. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2018, 957 -969.

AMA Style

Jawad Ahmad, Hadi Larijani, Rohinton Emmanuel, Mike Mannion, Abbas Javed. An Intelligent Real-Time Occupancy Monitoring System Using Single Overhead Camera. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2018; ():957-969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jawad Ahmad; Hadi Larijani; Rohinton Emmanuel; Mike Mannion; Abbas Javed. 2018. "An Intelligent Real-Time Occupancy Monitoring System Using Single Overhead Camera." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 957-969.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Environmental Geotechnics
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Minimising the maintenance costs of water ingress in transportation tunnels is a significant challenge. Decreasing the overall cost of a ground source heat pump system is equally challenging. An effort to address both issues at once has been made in relation to groundwater ingress in the Glasgow Subway system. Inflowing water is a valuable resource which could be channelled through a water source heat pump (WSHP) to produce heat energy for domestic or public use (heating and domestic hot water). Water flow and water temperature have been recorded for a year at 21 different points within the network of the underground tunnels and platforms. The points of highest water influx were identified, and the heat energy content of each has been calculated. Working from these data, several options were identified for capturing the water and diverting it to a WSHP to recover heat. A final design for a pilot system within the tunnels was developed. The findings of this study are expected to contribute a renewable heat solution through a cost-effective heat pump system design.

ACS Style

Nicholas Hytiris; Konstantinos Ninikas; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen; Paul L. Younger. A heat energy recovery system from tunnel waste water. Environmental Geotechnics 2018, 5, 300 -308.

AMA Style

Nicholas Hytiris, Konstantinos Ninikas, Rohinton Emmanuel, Bjorn Aaen, Paul L. Younger. A heat energy recovery system from tunnel waste water. Environmental Geotechnics. 2018; 5 (5):300-308.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicholas Hytiris; Konstantinos Ninikas; Rohinton Emmanuel; Bjorn Aaen; Paul L. Younger. 2018. "A heat energy recovery system from tunnel waste water." Environmental Geotechnics 5, no. 5: 300-308.

Editorial
Published: 15 August 2018 in Building Research & Information
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ACS Style

Rohinton Emmanuel; Koen Steemers. Connecting the realms of urban form, density and microclimate. Building Research & Information 2018, 46, 804 -808.

AMA Style

Rohinton Emmanuel, Koen Steemers. Connecting the realms of urban form, density and microclimate. Building Research & Information. 2018; 46 (8):804-808.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rohinton Emmanuel; Koen Steemers. 2018. "Connecting the realms of urban form, density and microclimate." Building Research & Information 46, no. 8: 804-808.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2018 in Building Research & Information
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ACS Style

Julie Futcher; Gerald Mills; Rohinton Emmanuel. Interdependent energy relationships between buildings at the street scale. Building Research & Information 2018, 46, 829 -844.

AMA Style

Julie Futcher, Gerald Mills, Rohinton Emmanuel. Interdependent energy relationships between buildings at the street scale. Building Research & Information. 2018; 46 (8):829-844.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julie Futcher; Gerald Mills; Rohinton Emmanuel. 2018. "Interdependent energy relationships between buildings at the street scale." Building Research & Information 46, no. 8: 829-844.

Review
Published: 01 July 2018 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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The importance of studying tropical urban climate was recognised by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) as early as in 1981 but substantial improvements were seen only in the last two decades. However specific knowledge of tropical urban climate still lags behind that of temperate climate. In this paper, authors review the state of the art in tropical heat island intensity, its influence on building energy consumption and the effect of urban compactness in the tropics. The review is limited to peer-reviewed journal publications found on four databases: Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar and Science Direct. The review indicates that although the tropical belt has large variations in topography, forest cover, land mass and development patterns, much of the current work is confined largely to Far East Asia, South Asia and South America. Future studies should focus on protocol for parameterisation and standardisation of measurement, in depth and scientific understanding of the influence of vegetation, water and topography, survey and monitoring of the context specific relationship between UHI and energy consumption, development of database for numerical model validation and improvement, and the context specific development of LCZ based institutional framework to integrate UHI mitigation strategies with environmental design guidelines.

ACS Style

Renganathan Giridharan; Rohinton Emmanuel. The impact of urban compactness, comfort strategies and energy consumption on tropical urban heat island intensity: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society 2018, 40, 677 -687.

AMA Style

Renganathan Giridharan, Rohinton Emmanuel. The impact of urban compactness, comfort strategies and energy consumption on tropical urban heat island intensity: A review. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2018; 40 ():677-687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renganathan Giridharan; Rohinton Emmanuel. 2018. "The impact of urban compactness, comfort strategies and energy consumption on tropical urban heat island intensity: A review." Sustainable Cities and Society 40, no. : 677-687.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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This study investigates the joint effect of atmospheric conditions and urban morphology, expressed as the Sky View Factor (SVF), on intra-urban variability. The study has been carried out in Glasgow, UK, a shrinking city with a maritime temperate climate type, and findings could guide future climate adaptation plans in terms of morphology and services provided by the municipality to overcome thermal discomfort in outdoor settings. In this case, SVF has been used as an indicator of urban morphology. The modified Pasquill-Gifford-Turner (PGT) classification system was adopted for classifying the temperature monitoring periods according to atmospheric stability conditions. Thirty two locations were selected on the basis of SVF with a wide variety of urban shapes (narrow streets, neighbourhood green spaces, urban parks, street canyons and public squares) and compared to a reference weather station during a total of twenty three transects during late spring and summer in 2013. Maximum daytime intra-urban temperature differences were found to be strongly correlated with atmospheric stability classes. Furthermore, differences in air temperature are noticeable in urban canyons, with a direct correlation to the site's SVF (or sky openness) and with an inverse trend under open-air conditions.

ACS Style

Patricia Drach; Eduardo L. Krüger; Rohinton Emmanuel. Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 627, 782 -791.

AMA Style

Patricia Drach, Eduardo L. Krüger, Rohinton Emmanuel. Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 627 ():782-791.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Patricia Drach; Eduardo L. Krüger; Rohinton Emmanuel. 2018. "Effects of atmospheric stability and urban morphology on daytime intra-urban temperature variability for Glasgow, UK." Science of The Total Environment 627, no. : 782-791.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2018 in Urban Climate
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ACS Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. Performance standard for tropical outdoors: A critique of current impasse and a proposal for way forward. Urban Climate 2018, 23, 250 -259.

AMA Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. Performance standard for tropical outdoors: A critique of current impasse and a proposal for way forward. Urban Climate. 2018; 23 ():250-259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rohinton Emmanuel. 2018. "Performance standard for tropical outdoors: A critique of current impasse and a proposal for way forward." Urban Climate 23, no. : 250-259.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2018 in Journal of Architectural Conservation
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The integration of conservation aspects is rarely considered in energy-related retrofit assessments. Particularly, vulnerable to inappropriate retrofit is the mid-twentieth century heritage, constructed during an era of experimentation with new materials and construction techniques and little regard to energy performance. This paper presents an assessment methodology and its application on a retrofit assessment of the 1960s Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. The aim was to systematically integrate conservation with energy performance, economic feasibility and construction practices. The paper demonstrates that, through production of a Statement of Significance and the identification of character-defining elements, conservation can be integrated into retrofit assessment in the form of a long- and short-listing process. The assessments show that retrofit of technical building systems and renewable-energy generation systems achieves larger reductions than fabric improvement measures and that payback periods can vary substantially for different flat types, leading potentially to diverging interests amongst flat owners.

ACS Style

R. Atkins; Rohinton Emmanuel; C. Hermann. Integrating conservation aspects into energy performance assessments for twentieth century buildings: assessing the Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Journal of Architectural Conservation 2018, 24, 27 -40.

AMA Style

R. Atkins, Rohinton Emmanuel, C. Hermann. Integrating conservation aspects into energy performance assessments for twentieth century buildings: assessing the Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom. Journal of Architectural Conservation. 2018; 24 (1):27-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

R. Atkins; Rohinton Emmanuel; C. Hermann. 2018. "Integrating conservation aspects into energy performance assessments for twentieth century buildings: assessing the Canongate Housing complex in Edinburgh, United Kingdom." Journal of Architectural Conservation 24, no. 1: 27-40.

Article commentary
Published: 01 January 2018 in Air, Soil and Water Research
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Daytime urban heat island effects can be weak compared to night time and even reversed (as in the case of cool islands, where urban locations display lower temperatures than at a rural site), mostly due to shading effects from buildings, vegetation, and other possible obstructions. The study of the relationship between the sky-view factor, an indicator of urban geometry in terms of sky openness, and urban heat island intensity generally focus on night time periods; only a few report on the daytime effect of the SVF. Such effect will also vary according to background atmospheric conditions of the period of measurements. This article is a commentary on a recent publication by the authors on a study of diurnal intra-urban temperature differences in a location with Koeppen’s Cfb climate.

ACS Style

Eduardo Krüger; Patricia Drach; Rohinton Emmanuel. Atmospheric Impacts on Daytime Urban Heat Island. Air, Soil and Water Research 2018, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Eduardo Krüger, Patricia Drach, Rohinton Emmanuel. Atmospheric Impacts on Daytime Urban Heat Island. Air, Soil and Water Research. 2018; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eduardo Krüger; Patricia Drach; Rohinton Emmanuel. 2018. "Atmospheric Impacts on Daytime Urban Heat Island." Air, Soil and Water Research 11, no. : 1.