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The “driver–pressure–state–impact–response” (DPSIR) model has recently become a popular approach to deal with environmental problems. The combination of DPSIR with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is a useful method to study low-carbon evaluation because the AHP model has a special advantage in multi-indexes evaluation. This paper constructs the low-carbon economy evaluation system and comprehensively evaluates the numerical value of low-carbon economic development of China’s 30 regions from 2000 to 2015 by using the AHP method. It shows that the numerical value of low-carbon economy of China’s 30 regions varies in terms of growth rate. The numerical value of east regional low-carbon economy shows a pattern that is gradually higher than that of the west region. The numerical value of low carbon economic development in the south region is higher than that of the north region by degrees. In addition, based on the model of coordination degree in 2015, the result indicated that the four subsystems have primary coordination in the east area and bare coordination in the central and west areas. It is indicated that the four sub-indexes should be developed at the same pace and promoting the development of a low-carbon economy in the mid-west areas is the key in China. Finally, we proposed that environmental regulations and policies should be formulated to improve coordination in various aspects and various departments. Calculating the degree of low-carbon economic coupling coordination may be helpful for policy makers to formulate effective policies and take actions in the future.
Wenyan Pan; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Waseem Hassan. Synthetic Evaluation of China’s Regional Low-Carbon Economy Challenges by Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5463 .
AMA StyleWenyan Pan, Muhammad Awais Gulzar, Waseem Hassan. Synthetic Evaluation of China’s Regional Low-Carbon Economy Challenges by Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (15):5463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenyan Pan; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Waseem Hassan. 2020. "Synthetic Evaluation of China’s Regional Low-Carbon Economy Challenges by Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15: 5463.
Despite the ongoing research on energy innovation and economic growth, little is known on how degree of energy innovation impacts income inequality within a nation. To address this research gap, we have developed a bivariate model to analyze how distribution of energy innovation affects the income distribution in a certain country. Using the Fisher Ideal Index, we have calculated energy efficiency as an indicator of energy innovation. Quantile-on-Quantile regression has been applied to capture the impact on energy innovation across different income quantiles in Next 11 (N11) countries. Results show that energy innovation can have different outcomes, across the member countries of N11 group, namely a) equitable and positive impact, (b) negative impact, and (c) inequitable impact in terms of distribution of income. We have inferred important policy implications, which might lead to sustainable development strategies in N11 countries. This study is one of the first to establish the direct link between energy innovation and income inequality across different quantiles within a nation. Further, we successfully demonstrate the application of advanced quantile methods in inferring Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) focused policy implications.
Avik Sinha; Tuhin Sengupta; Olga Kalugina; Muhammad Awais Gulzar. Does distribution of energy innovation impact distribution of income: A quantile-based SDG modeling approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 160, 120224 .
AMA StyleAvik Sinha, Tuhin Sengupta, Olga Kalugina, Muhammad Awais Gulzar. Does distribution of energy innovation impact distribution of income: A quantile-based SDG modeling approach. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 160 ():120224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAvik Sinha; Tuhin Sengupta; Olga Kalugina; Muhammad Awais Gulzar. 2020. "Does distribution of energy innovation impact distribution of income: A quantile-based SDG modeling approach." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 160, no. : 120224.
Rapid economic growth has caused many environmental problems in China, resulting in international pressure on China to fight against climate change and to shift to a more environmentally friendly economy. Therefore, over the past decades, China has been working on transforming its economy to counter the concerns of different environmental hazards caused by the burning fossil fuels and rising oil imports to support the energy sector. This study explores the shift in the Chinese government’s policies towards a low-carbon economy by adopting more environmentally friendly solar energy. A cost–benefit analysis of the solar water heater industry in China indicates that it not only brings economic benefits to society but also environmental benefits to the earth. Furthermore, this paper focuses on the use of solar energy as a kind of renewable energy, as solar energy is plentiful, which is beneficial from both an environmental and economic perspective.
Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Haroon Asghar; Jinsoo Hwang; Waseem Hassan. China’s Pathway towards Solar Energy Utilization: Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Awais Gulzar, Haroon Asghar, Jinsoo Hwang, Waseem Hassan. China’s Pathway towards Solar Energy Utilization: Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Awais Gulzar; Haroon Asghar; Jinsoo Hwang; Waseem Hassan. 2020. "China’s Pathway towards Solar Energy Utilization: Transition to a Low-Carbon Economy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 12: 1.
This study tried to explain consumer’s intention formation in the context of drone food delivery services based on Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) model. In addition, this study tried to deepen the TPB by understanding the moderating effect of the awareness of consequences. The data were collected from 406 respondents using an online survey in South Korea. The results showed that all proposed hypotheses were accepted. It was also found that the awareness of consequences plays a crucial role in the relation between perceived behavioral control and behavioral intentions. Important theoretical and managerial implications are discussed in the last part of the paper.
Jinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim; Muhammad Awais Gulzar. Understanding the Eco-Friendly Role of Drone Food Delivery Services: Deepening the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1440 .
AMA StyleJinsoo Hwang, Insin Kim, Muhammad Awais Gulzar. Understanding the Eco-Friendly Role of Drone Food Delivery Services: Deepening the Theory of Planned Behavior. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1440.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJinsoo Hwang; Insin Kim; Muhammad Awais Gulzar. 2020. "Understanding the Eco-Friendly Role of Drone Food Delivery Services: Deepening the Theory of Planned Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1440.
Materialistic lifestyle, along with the increase in the world’s population, is leading to unlimited hyper-consumption due to raising the global demand for services and goods. Marketing strategies can be acclimatized to offer more viably to the vital segment of buyers by engaging e-mavens, their antecedents of big five personality traits, frugality, and sustainable consumption behavior are needed to comprehend. The study assessed the novel endeavor to exhibit a potential relationship among the big five, e-mavenism, frugality, and sustainable consumption behavior in social networking sites. This body of knowledge adds to comprehend sustainable consumption behavior and fills many gaps by using data from a sample (n = 387) of social networking sites users from China. Causal modeling technique (SEM) is affianced to evaluate the study hypotheses. The data from an online survey disclose a positive association of agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience with e-mavenism. The results affirm that e-mavenism is positively correlated with frugality. Moreover, frugality is vital in the growth of sustainable consumption behavior as well. Eventually, e-mavenism positively influences sustainable consumption behavior. These results enhance understanding of sustainable consumption behavior and provide an opportunity that marketing managers may apply these constructs into their strategies to achieve competitive advantage.
Muhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Zubair. Unfolding the Association between the Big Five, Frugality, E-Mavenism, and Sustainable Consumption Behavior. Sustainability 2020, 12, 490 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Awais, Tanzila Samin, Muhammad Awais Gulzar, Jinsoo Hwang, Muhammad Zubair. Unfolding the Association between the Big Five, Frugality, E-Mavenism, and Sustainable Consumption Behavior. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Jinsoo Hwang; Muhammad Zubair. 2020. "Unfolding the Association between the Big Five, Frugality, E-Mavenism, and Sustainable Consumption Behavior." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 490.
This case study focuses on how economic, social and environmental factors synergize for sustainable development, and relates to fundamental speculations, looking to unclutter a query-encompassing view of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC). This study is explanatory in nature, and identifies, recognizes, and discusses the social dispositions and fundamental sustainability dimensions related to sustainable development. Three fundamental sustainability dimensions—economic, social and environmental—are incorporated in connection with the CPEC to explore sustainable development. We submit an inclusive viewpoint of the CPEC, towards the sustainable development of economies, from neighborhoods to nations. This explanatory case reveals a momentous sprouting tie between China and Pakistan. For sustainable development in the global context, more meaningful paradigms are needed to be developed. Socio-economic diversity and strategic importance have highlighted a joint perspective and are emerging as novel ways of directing business enterprises to enter the Asian markets, thus contributing to the development and exploitation of operational economic opportunities, leading to competition for the global business market. This study integrates sustainability in connection with the scenario of the CPEC and provides a plethora of understanding.
Muhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Jinsoo Hwang. The Sustainable Development of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Synergy among Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7044 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Awais, Tanzila Samin, Muhammad Awais Gulzar, Jinsoo Hwang. The Sustainable Development of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Synergy among Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7044.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Jinsoo Hwang. 2019. "The Sustainable Development of the China Pakistan Economic Corridor: Synergy among Economic, Social, and Environmental Sustainability." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7044.
Social network site usage has grown to be a worldwide trend. These sites facilitate online contact between individuals having similar concerns. The speedy and extensive usage of such sites has affirmed their perception and positioning in the minds of users. This research adds to our consideration by empirically exploring determinants affecting users’ acceptance of such sites. A HUMP model has been introduced to evaluate the effect of hedonic (perceived playfulness), utilitarian (perceived usefulness) e-mavenism, polychronicity, and perceived ease of use on the intention to use and thus actual use of social networking sites. The causal modeling technique is used to study the outline of associations amid the projected model constructs and to analytically evaluate the research propositions. All the conjectured factors possess a considerable unswerving sway on the intention to use, with e-mavenism and polychronicity, the robust indicators.
Muhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Hanan Aljuaid; Muhammad Ahmad; Manuel Mazzara. User Acceptance of HUMP-Model: The Role of E-Mavenism and Polychronicity. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 174972 -174985.
AMA StyleMuhammad Awais, Tanzila Samin, Muhammad Awais Gulzar, Hanan Aljuaid, Muhammad Ahmad, Manuel Mazzara. User Acceptance of HUMP-Model: The Role of E-Mavenism and Polychronicity. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 (99):174972-174985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Awais; Tanzila Samin; Muhammad Awais Gulzar; Hanan Aljuaid; Muhammad Ahmad; Manuel Mazzara. 2019. "User Acceptance of HUMP-Model: The Role of E-Mavenism and Polychronicity." IEEE Access 7, no. 99: 174972-174985.
The main purpose of this research is to examine the impact of board gender diversity and foreign institutional investors on the corporate social responsibility engagement of Chinese listed companies by considering a sample from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR) database of all non-financial firms listed on the Shanghai stock exchange and the Shenzhen stock exchange during the period from 2008–2015. The CSR is engaged by using the data from the CSMAR database at the firm level, and ranks the CSR disclosures of Chinese companies separately. The recent CSR promotion in China produced a visible increase in attracting female members on the board and members as foreign institutional investors by Chinese listed companies. The findings also showed that the greater the presence of female directors on the board, the stronger the CSR engagement would be. According to critical mass theory and team dynamics, these findings further broaden the accounts that emphasize social networks based on gender. Hence, female members on the board of directors emerged to be significant as a gender mix with extending CSR change. Therefore, our results added a new aspect to the emerging literature on CSR-engagement and gender especially in China. Due to intense political forces and networks in the Chinese listed entities, foreign institutional investors (FIIS) have less incentive to enhance CSR engagement further. Thus, the impact of foreign institutional investors on CSR engagement is as yet unknown, but we improved our knowledge about how the international aspects affect CSR in China. Furthermore, our results are robust, which concern control variables under consideration.
M. A. Gulzar; Jacob Cherian; Jinsoo Hwang; Yushi Jiang; Muhammad Safdar Sial. The Impact of Board Gender Diversity and Foreign Institutional Investors on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Engagement of Chinese Listed Companies. Sustainability 2019, 11, 307 .
AMA StyleM. A. Gulzar, Jacob Cherian, Jinsoo Hwang, Yushi Jiang, Muhammad Safdar Sial. The Impact of Board Gender Diversity and Foreign Institutional Investors on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Engagement of Chinese Listed Companies. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (2):307.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. A. Gulzar; Jacob Cherian; Jinsoo Hwang; Yushi Jiang; Muhammad Safdar Sial. 2019. "The Impact of Board Gender Diversity and Foreign Institutional Investors on the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Engagement of Chinese Listed Companies." Sustainability 11, no. 2: 307.
The primary objective of this paper is to empirically examine whether corporate social responsibility (CSR) influences corporate tax avoidance (CTA) of Chinese listed companies. The study is based on a sample of 3481 firm-year observations from 2009 to 2015 using CSR ratings from the Rankins (RKS) corporate social responsibility ratings agency in China, and all financial data extracted from the China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR). The authors foundthat CSR is negatively related to the current and cash effective tax rate (proxies of corporate tax avoidance), suggesting that responsible firms are more involved in tax avoidance as compared to less responsible firms. Their findings are robust against different control variables. Additionally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the paper is one of the first to document an empirical association between CSR and corporate tax avoidance of Chinese listed companies.
M.A. Gulzar; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Alina Badulescu; Phung Anh Thu; Daniel Badulescu; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Corporate Tax Avoidance of Chinese Listed Companies? Sustainability 2018, 10, 4549 .
AMA StyleM.A. Gulzar, Jacob Cherian, Muhammad Safdar Sial, Alina Badulescu, Phung Anh Thu, Daniel Badulescu, Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Corporate Tax Avoidance of Chinese Listed Companies? Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Gulzar; Jacob Cherian; Muhammad Safdar Sial; Alina Badulescu; Phung Anh Thu; Daniel Badulescu; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Influence Corporate Tax Avoidance of Chinese Listed Companies?" Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4549.
Although the relationship between board gender diversity and a firm’s financial performance has been investigated before, the current study provides a valuable contribution by exploring the complex phenomenon of the mediating impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) performance on a firm’s financial performance. The current study aims to explore whether corporate social responsibility (represented by the proxy variable of CSR reporting) mediates the relationship between boardroom gender diversity and firm performance. We use the pooled ordinary least square (OLS) regression to examine the above relationship by using data from 2008 to 2015. To control the likelihood of endogeneity we also use one-year lagged and two-stage least square (2SLS) regression models. Our results show that boardroom gender diversity is significant, positively correlated with firm performance, and CSR fully mediates the relationship between boardroom gender diversity and firm performance. In addition, four control variables (independent director, Chief executive officer (CEO power), board member meeting frequency, Big4, and leverage) have some influence on firm performance. These findings hold for a set of robustness tests. Our findings have the implication for the investors and regulators. For investors, our results show that the existence of female directors on the board can improve the firm performance. For regulators, our results advise the worldwide policy maker to give the importance to boardroom gender diversity. The paper contributes to the existing studies, by pioneering the investigations of the mediating role of CSR in the relation between boardroom gender diversity and firm performance in Chinese context.
Muhammad Safdar Sial; Chunmei Zheng; Jacob Cherian; M.A. Gulzar; Phung Anh Thu; Tehmina Khan; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Mediate the Relation between Boardroom Gender Diversity and Firm Performance of Chinese Listed Companies? Sustainability 2018, 10, 3591 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Safdar Sial, Chunmei Zheng, Jacob Cherian, M.A. Gulzar, Phung Anh Thu, Tehmina Khan, Nguyen Vinh Khuong. Does Corporate Social Responsibility Mediate the Relation between Boardroom Gender Diversity and Firm Performance of Chinese Listed Companies? Sustainability. 2018; 10 (10):3591.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Safdar Sial; Chunmei Zheng; Jacob Cherian; M.A. Gulzar; Phung Anh Thu; Tehmina Khan; Nguyen Vinh Khuong. 2018. "Does Corporate Social Responsibility Mediate the Relation between Boardroom Gender Diversity and Firm Performance of Chinese Listed Companies?" Sustainability 10, no. 10: 3591.
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the efficiency of corporate governance characteristics in reducing earnings management among the listed firms of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchange, China. We took abnormal working capital accruals as a proxy for earning management. In this paper, we used modified Jones Model in order to calculate discretionary accruals (DAC). The sample comprises of 1009 firms over the period of 4 years from 2002 to 2006. The study essentially shows that the corporate governance characteristics play a vital role in reducing the earning management. We found a significantly positive association between earning management and different corporate governance characteristics such as CEO duality, board meetings, females directors and concentrated ownership. We lacked evidences to find relationship between board size, director’s shareholdings and proportion of independent directors with DAC as well as between the presence of audit committee and DAC. These studies will broaden the scope of the relationship between earning management and corporate governance characteristics. Very few studies have been conducted in this area especially for the Chinese listed firms with empirical evidences given. A variety of corporate governance variables are used especially board sex ratio in this analysis.
M. Awais Gulzar; Wang Zongjun. Corporate Governance Characteristics and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 2011, 1, 133 .
AMA StyleM. Awais Gulzar, Wang Zongjun. Corporate Governance Characteristics and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms. International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting. 2011; 1 (1):133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Awais Gulzar; Wang Zongjun. 2011. "Corporate Governance Characteristics and Earnings Management: Empirical Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms." International Journal of Accounting and Financial Reporting 1, no. 1: 133.