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Dr. Goksel Demirer
School of Engineering & Technology, Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mt Pleasant, MI 48859, USA

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0 Industrial Ecology
0 Pollution Prevention
0 Resource Efficiency
0 Sustainability
0 waste valorization

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Journal article
Published: 24 August 2021 in Sustainability
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Due to its high water and organic contents, management of apple pomace (AP) poses several waste management challenges on the apple juice and cider producing industries. Bioconversion of AP into biogas provides an excellent possibility to reduce the environmental challenge faced in the management of AP waste along with producing renewable energy in the form of methane. This study investigated the effect of carbon-based conductive materials (biochar and graphene) and trace metals supplementation to improve biogas production from AP. The results indicate that supplementation of biochar, trace metals, and graphene significantly improves the biogas production from AP. Trace metal and biochar supplementation at a COD concentration of 6000 mg/L resulted in 7.2% and 13.3% increases in the biogas production, respectively. When trace metals and biochar were supplemented together, the biogas production increased by 22.7%. This synergistic effect was also observed at the COD concentration of 12,000 mg/L. The improvement in the biogas formation was significantly higher for graphene supplemented reactors (27.8%). Moreover, biochar and trace metals supplementation also led to 19.6% and 23.0% increases in the methane yield relative to the reactor fed only with AP, respectively. These results suggest anaerobic digestion supplemented with carbon-based conductive materials and trace metals is a viable option for valorizing apple pomace.

ACS Style

Addam Claes; Lucy Melchi; Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. Supplementation of Carbon-Based Conductive Materials and Trace Metals to Improve Biogas Production from Apple Pomace. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9488 .

AMA Style

Addam Claes, Lucy Melchi, Sibel Uludag-Demirer, Goksel N. Demirer. Supplementation of Carbon-Based Conductive Materials and Trace Metals to Improve Biogas Production from Apple Pomace. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (17):9488.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Addam Claes; Lucy Melchi; Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. 2021. "Supplementation of Carbon-Based Conductive Materials and Trace Metals to Improve Biogas Production from Apple Pomace." Sustainability 13, no. 17: 9488.

Original article
Published: 18 January 2021 in Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery
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Anaerobic digestion is a well-established method of stabilizing various organic wastes. However, effective and low-cost methods need to be developed and applied for digestate management to realize the full benefits of anaerobic digestion. The post-treatment of the digestate does not only reduce the greenhouse gas emissions due to storage or land application of digestates but also leads to an increase in the recovery of methane. The objective of this study was to quantify anaerobic treatability and biogas formation from the digestates of three full-scale anaerobic digesters fed with fruit processing and brewery wastewater and animal manure and food waste. Biochemical methane potential assays were conducted to determine the residual biogas production and yields achievable in the digestate samples investigated. The methane yields for the digestates investigated ranged between 0.055 and 0.147 l CH4/g VS which agree well with the relevant values from the literature. Anaerobic treatability assessment of digestates indicated chemical oxygen demand (COD), total solids (TS), and volatile solids (VS) removals of up to 62, 35, and 41%, respectively. Very low removals were observed for nitrogen and phosphorus as expected. The total potential energy yield and electricity production based on anaerobic digestion of the digestates of the three full-scale digesters are calculated as 35.3 GJ/day and 3.4 MWh, respectively. Moreover, a significant reduction in the greenhouse gas production will be achieved by anaerobically digesting the digestates of the three full-scale anaerobic digesters investigated in this study. If these findings are projected for all 127 biogas systems in Michigan, the significance of digestate treatment and valorization becomes clearer.

ACS Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. Post-anaerobic treatability and residual biogas potential of digestate. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer, Goksel N. Demirer. Post-anaerobic treatability and residual biogas potential of digestate. Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery. 2021; ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. 2021. "Post-anaerobic treatability and residual biogas potential of digestate." Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery , no. : 1-8.

Sustainability
Published: 13 November 2020 in Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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This study evaluated anaerobic digestibility and biogas production potential of microalgal biomass and food waste. Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) assays were conducted to determine the biogas generation potential of microalgal biomass and food waste both separately and together. Results indicated that several algal species in the collected samples are among the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) taxa found in freshwaters in North America. Bio‐methane yields for mono‐digestion of microalgal biomass and food waste were found to be 131–188 and 430–542 ml of bio‐methane per gram of volatile solids (ml CH4/g VS), respectively; while bio‐methane yield for co‐digestion of microalgal biomass and food waste was 426–505 ml CH4/g VS. Co‐digestion of microalgal biomass and food waste resulted in up to 12.3% increase in methane production relative to mono‐digestion of these substrates. Statement of Industrial Relevance Harmful algal blooms (HABs) have many adverse environmental impacts such as lowering dissolved oxygen concentrations, altering aquatic food webs, producing toxins, and taste‐and‐odor compounds. There has been a dramatic rise in the severity and geographical range of HABs with the increasing environmental degradation over the past century. This work provides a new insight in terms of integrating HABs disposal and valorization for bio‐methane generation as a renewable energy. Bioenergy generation from mechanically harvested HABs along with its environmental and resource‐conserving benefits are relevant to waste management and biogas industries. Significance The results indicate that integrating mechanical harvesting of HABs with valorization of the collected algal biomass will increase its economic feasibility. Moreover, anaerobic co‐digestion of HABs and food wastes generate extra bio‐methane relative to mono‐digestion of these substrates by balancing the C:N ratio.

ACS Style

Sara Plude; Goksel N. Demirer. Valorization of harmful algal blooms and food waste as bio‐methane. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 2020, 40, 1 .

AMA Style

Sara Plude, Goksel N. Demirer. Valorization of harmful algal blooms and food waste as bio‐methane. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2020; 40 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Plude; Goksel N. Demirer. 2020. "Valorization of harmful algal blooms and food waste as bio‐methane." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 40, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2020 in Sustainability
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The positive effects of conductive material supplementation on anaerobic digestion have been mainly investigated for single synthetic substrates, while its significance for real and complex organic wastes such as food waste has not been sufficiently investigated. This study investigated the effect of conductive material (biochar and magnetite) and trace metal supplementation on the anaerobic digestion of food waste by means of biochemical methane potential assays. The results indicated that the supplementation of biochar and trace metals improved both total biogas production and methane yields. A biochar dose of 2.0 and 5.0 g/L resulted in 11.2 ± 6.5 and 27.3 ± 9.5% increase in biogas and 8.3 ± 6.8 and 33.2 ± 2.8% increase in methane yield, respectively. Moreover, the same reactors demonstrated high food waste stabilization performance of over 80% chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency. These results indicate that biochar supplementation leads to more enhanced anaerobic digestion operation that could be through increased surface area for microbial growth and/or direct interspecies electron transfer mechanism. In turn, food waste will not only be stabilized but also valorized by anaerobic digestion at higher efficiencies that support sustainable waste management through both environmentally safe disposal and value-added generation.

ACS Style

A. Sinan Akturk; Goksel N. Demirer. Improved Food Waste Stabilization and Valorization by Anaerobic Digestion Through Supplementation of Conductive Materials and Trace Elements. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5222 .

AMA Style

A. Sinan Akturk, Goksel N. Demirer. Improved Food Waste Stabilization and Valorization by Anaerobic Digestion Through Supplementation of Conductive Materials and Trace Elements. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):5222.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Sinan Akturk; Goksel N. Demirer. 2020. "Improved Food Waste Stabilization and Valorization by Anaerobic Digestion Through Supplementation of Conductive Materials and Trace Elements." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 5222.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2019 in Algal Research
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Anaerobic digestion processes result in large volumes of digestates which still require the development of elaborate and viable management options to improve the sustainability of these processes. Coupling of secondary anaerobic treatment with a microalgal nutrient removal process may serve benefits such as residual biogas and associated greenhouse gas capture from the digestate content, microalgal biomass build-up and its further valorization. This study investigated the applicability a microalgal nutrient removal process in a secondarily treated digestate (the digestate of a digestate) as a complementary unit. The results indicated that up to 100% dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), 97.8% total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and 93.7% ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N) removal could be attained in the treatment of the digestate of a digestate using microalgal cultures. Folding phosphorus concentrations via dissolution was found to compensate for dilution related phosphorus deficiency for microalgal growth. Microalgal biomass obtained by the end of operation could be concentrated from 6.4‐15.5 mg/L to 164.2–502.6 mg/L (2100–7900%) by simple gravity settling which was correlated with the prevalence of agglomerated particles in the size range of 10–100 μm. The results demonstrated not only the applicability of the microalgal process after secondary anaerobic treatment of the digestate, but also brought about the dissolution concept for nutrients during microalgal growth.

ACS Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür; Tuba H. Ergüder; Göksel N. Demirer. Simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of the secondarily treated digestate. Algal Research 2019, 43, 101633 .

AMA Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür, Tuba H. Ergüder, Göksel N. Demirer. Simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of the secondarily treated digestate. Algal Research. 2019; 43 ():101633.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür; Tuba H. Ergüder; Göksel N. Demirer. 2019. "Simultaneous dissolution and uptake of nutrients in microalgal treatment of the secondarily treated digestate." Algal Research 43, no. : 101633.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in Journal of Environmental Engineering
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High volumes of wastewater with considerable levels of organic and phenolic compounds and solid material are produced during pistachio processing. There is not a commonly adopted treatment technology for the wastes produced during pistachio processing. The objective of this study is to evaluate the anaerobic digestability and biogas production capacity of pistachio processing wastewater in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors for the first time in the literature. The results indicated that pistachio processing wastewater can be treated anaerobically with efficiencies comparable with other high-strength agricural wastewaters. The maximum chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and methane yield values obtained were 89.77%±2.4% and 332.5±104.5 mL CH4 g COD−1, respectively, at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.56±0.87 g L−1 day−1. If the annual pistachio processing wastewater produced in Turkey per year (520,000 m3) is digested anaerobically in a UASB reactor, 13,000 t of COD could be eliminated and 3.9 million cubic meters of methane (28,200 mWh of energy) can be produced.

ACS Style

E. Gür; G. N. Demirer. Anaerobic Digestability and Biogas Production Capacity of Pistachio Processing Wastewater in UASB Reactors. Journal of Environmental Engineering 2019, 145, 04019042 .

AMA Style

E. Gür, G. N. Demirer. Anaerobic Digestability and Biogas Production Capacity of Pistachio Processing Wastewater in UASB Reactors. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 2019; 145 (8):04019042.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Gür; G. N. Demirer. 2019. "Anaerobic Digestability and Biogas Production Capacity of Pistachio Processing Wastewater in UASB Reactors." Journal of Environmental Engineering 145, no. 8: 04019042.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in Environmental Pollution
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The effluent stream of the anaerobic digestion processes, the digestate, accommodates high residual organic content that needs to be further treated before discharge. Anaerobic treatment of digestate would not only reduce the residual organic compounds in digestate but also has a potential to capture the associated biogas. High-rate anaerobic reactor configurations can treat the waste streams using lower hydraulic retention times which requires less footprint opposed to the conventional completely stirred tank reactors. This study investigated the high-rate anaerobic treatment performance and the associated biogas capture from the digestate of a manure mixture composed of 90% laying hen and 10% cattle manures in fixed-film reactors. The results indicated that it was possible to reduce total chemical oxygen demand content of the digestate by 57–62% in 1.3–1.4 days of hydraulic retention time. The corresponding biogas yields obtained were in the range of 0.395–0.430 Lbiogas/g VSadded which were found to be comparable to many raw feedstocks. Moreover, significant total phosphorus reduction (36–47%) and greenhouse gas capture (over 14.5–18.1 tCO2e/d per m3 digestate) were also recorded in the anaerobic fixed-film reactors.

ACS Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür; Tuba H. Ergüder; Sibel Uludağ-Demirer; Göksel N. Demirer. High-rate anaerobic treatment of digestate using fixed film reactors. Environmental Pollution 2019, 252, 1622 -1632.

AMA Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür, Tuba H. Ergüder, Sibel Uludağ-Demirer, Göksel N. Demirer. High-rate anaerobic treatment of digestate using fixed film reactors. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 252 ():1622-1632.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nilüfer Ülgüdür; Tuba H. Ergüder; Sibel Uludağ-Demirer; Göksel N. Demirer. 2019. "High-rate anaerobic treatment of digestate using fixed film reactors." Environmental Pollution 252, no. : 1622-1632.

Protocol
Published: 31 May 2019 in Breast Cancer
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Short chain volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from acetic acid (C2) to valeric acid (C5) are important starting chemicals for chemical industry. The production of VFAs from rejected resources (organic residues) using self-sustaining technologies has an exciting potential in supporting the US chemical industry to achieve the goal that 20% of chemicals produced in the USA will be bio-based. Acidogenic anaerobic digestion as a robust, well-established, and versatile biological technology can be applied as an alternative approach for the valorization of organic residues (municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastes) by the production of VFAs. In a typical acidogenic anaerobic digestion operation, residue type, pretreatment, reactor operation, and VFA recovery are the key factors that influence VFA production. This chapter discusses these factors and provides an experimental approach of VFA production from organic residues.

ACS Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Wei Liao; Goksel N. Demirer. Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues. Breast Cancer 2019, 1995, 357 -367.

AMA Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer, Wei Liao, Goksel N. Demirer. Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues. Breast Cancer. 2019; 1995 ():357-367.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Uludag-Demirer; Wei Liao; Goksel N. Demirer. 2019. "Volatile Fatty Acid Production from Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Residues." Breast Cancer 1995, no. : 357-367.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in International Journal of Global Warming
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ACS Style

Goksel N. Demirer; Direniş Çaylı; Sibel Uludag Demirer. Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing. International Journal of Global Warming 2018, 16, 148 .

AMA Style

Goksel N. Demirer, Direniş Çaylı, Sibel Uludag Demirer. Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing. International Journal of Global Warming. 2018; 16 (2):148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Goksel N. Demirer; Direniş Çaylı; Sibel Uludag Demirer. 2018. "Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing." International Journal of Global Warming 16, no. 2: 148.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in International Journal of Global Warming
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ACS Style

Direniş Çaylı; Sibel Uludag Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing. International Journal of Global Warming 2018, 16, 148 .

AMA Style

Direniş Çaylı, Sibel Uludag Demirer, Goksel N. Demirer. Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing. International Journal of Global Warming. 2018; 16 (2):148.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Direniş Çaylı; Sibel Uludag Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. 2018. "Coupled nutrient removal from the wastewater and CO2 biofixation from the flue gas of iron and steel manufacturing." International Journal of Global Warming 16, no. 2: 148.

Original articles
Published: 10 November 2017 in Environmental Technology
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This study comparatively evaluated the effect of co-substrates on anaerobic digestion (AD) and biochemical methane potential of wastewater-derived microalgal biomass, with an emphasis on carbon-to-nitrogen (C:N) and substrate-to-inoculum (S:I) ratios. A semi-continuous photobioreactor was inoculated with Chlorella vulgaris and the nutrient recovery potential was investigated. Derived microalgal slurry was subjected to AD in the absence and presence of co-substrates; model kitchen waste (MKW) and waste activated sludge (WAS). The results revealed that up to 99.6% of nitrogen and 91.2% of phosphorus could be removed from municipal wastewater using C. vulgaris. Biomethane yields were improved by co-digestion with both MKW and WAS. The maximum biomethane yield was observed as 523 ± 25.6 ml CH4 g VSadded−1, by microalgal biomass and MKW co-digestion in 50:50 ratio, at an initial chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 14.0 ± 0.1 g l−1, C:N ratio of 22.0, and S:I ratio of 2.2. The observed biomethane yield was 80.7% higher than that of the mono-digestion. The highest improvement achieved by 50:50 co-digestion of microalgal biomass and WAS was 15.5%, with biomethane yield of 272 ± 11.3 ml CH4 g VSadded−1 at an initial COD concentration of 14.0 ± 0.1 g l−1, C:N ratio of 13.0, and S:I of 2.3.

ACS Style

Ozgul Calicioglu; Goksel N. Demirer. Carbon-to-nitrogen and substrate-to-inoculum ratio adjustments can improve co-digestion performance of microalgal biomass obtained from domestic wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology 2017, 40, 614 -624.

AMA Style

Ozgul Calicioglu, Goksel N. Demirer. Carbon-to-nitrogen and substrate-to-inoculum ratio adjustments can improve co-digestion performance of microalgal biomass obtained from domestic wastewater treatment. Environmental Technology. 2017; 40 (5):614-624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ozgul Calicioglu; Goksel N. Demirer. 2017. "Carbon-to-nitrogen and substrate-to-inoculum ratio adjustments can improve co-digestion performance of microalgal biomass obtained from domestic wastewater treatment." Environmental Technology 40, no. 5: 614-624.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
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ACS Style

Sibel Uludağ Demirer; Göksel N. Demirer. Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®. Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 2017, 11, 343 .

AMA Style

Sibel Uludağ Demirer, Göksel N. Demirer. Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®. Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal. 2017; 11 (4):343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Uludağ Demirer; Göksel N. Demirer. 2017. "Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®." Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 11, no. 4: 343.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal
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Implementation of Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is still a challenge, especially when the number of collaborators is high. In addition to the lack of information, there is a need to develop new and innovative techniques and tools to screen IS opportunities for any system independent of its scale. This study presents a methodology to determine IS opportunities using ESOTA

ACS Style

Sibel Uludag Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®. Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 2017, 11, 343 .

AMA Style

Sibel Uludag Demirer, Goksel N. Demirer. Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®. Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal. 2017; 11 (4):343.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sibel Uludag Demirer; Goksel N. Demirer. 2017. "Determination of regional industrial symbiosis opportunities by using relationship mimicking with ESOTA®." Progress in Industrial Ecology, An International Journal 11, no. 4: 343.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Food and Bioproducts Processing
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ACS Style

E. Alkaya; G.N. Demirer. Minimizing and adding value to seafood processing wastes. Food and Bioproducts Processing 2016, 100, 195 -202.

AMA Style

E. Alkaya, G.N. Demirer. Minimizing and adding value to seafood processing wastes. Food and Bioproducts Processing. 2016; 100 ():195-202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

E. Alkaya; G.N. Demirer. 2016. "Minimizing and adding value to seafood processing wastes." Food and Bioproducts Processing 100, no. : 195-202.

Journal article
Published: 04 April 2016 in Waste and Biomass Valorization
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In this study, a semi-continuous photobioreactor was operated for the investigation of nutrient removal efficiency of a unialgal culture, Chlorella vulgarıs. Maximum nitrogen and phosphorous removal efficiencies of 99.6 and 91.2 % were achieved in the photobioreactor. The microalgal slurry obtained from the effluent of the photobioreactor was subjected to biochemical methane potential assay, after application of heat, autoclave, and thermochemical pretreatments to improve anaerobic digestibility and biogas production. Evaluation of pretreatment options indicated that heat pretreatment is the most efficient method in terms of enhancing anaerobic digestibility, at the chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading of 19 ± 0.5 g L−1. This method increased the methane yield by 83.0 %, from 223 to 408 mL CH4 g VS added −1 , compared to untreated microalgal slurry reactor with the same COD value. Among reactors with 35 ± 1.5 g L−1 initial COD concentration, autoclave-pretreated microalgal slurry was found to yield the highest methane value of 356 mL CH4 g VS added −1 , which was 43.0 % higher than the value observed in the reactor fed with untreated microalgal slurry. The thermochemical pretreatment caused production of inhibitory compounds and resulted in lower biomethane production and COD treatment values, compared to untreated microalgae. Outcomes of this study reveal that coupled micro-algal and anaerobic biotechnology could be a sustainable alternative for integrated nutrient removal and biofuel production applications.

ACS Style

Ozgul Calicioglu; Goksel N. Demirer. Biogas Production from Waste Microalgal Biomass Obtained from Nutrient Removal of Domestic Wastewater. Waste and Biomass Valorization 2016, 7, 1397 -1408.

AMA Style

Ozgul Calicioglu, Goksel N. Demirer. Biogas Production from Waste Microalgal Biomass Obtained from Nutrient Removal of Domestic Wastewater. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2016; 7 (6):1397-1408.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ozgul Calicioglu; Goksel N. Demirer. 2016. "Biogas Production from Waste Microalgal Biomass Obtained from Nutrient Removal of Domestic Wastewater." Waste and Biomass Valorization 7, no. 6: 1397-1408.

Journal article
Published: 18 January 2016 in Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy
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Increased energy demand of the world poses risk because of the limitation of fossil fuel resources. Moreover, global warming has been reached to an alarming level because of carbon dioxide emissions originated from different anthropogenic activities. Therefore, alternative energy sources are needed, and in this sense, anaerobic digestion of microalgal biomass for biomethane production might be one attractive approach. In this study, biogas production from biomass of Chlorella vulgaris grown on wastewater with air as nutrient was investigated at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Moreover, the digestate of anaerobic reactors was tested for its biofertilizer potential. Experimental results indicated that the average biogas and biomethane production per gram of volatile solids (VSs) was 238 and 99 mL/g VS, respectively. The removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 59% and 46% for mesophilic and thermophilic reactors, respectively. Acetic and isobutyric acids were the main volatile fatty acids detected in the reactor effluent. They ranged between 2.5–5.0 and 5–15 mM, respectively. When the fertilizer quality of the digestate of the anaerobic reactors fed with microalgal biomass is considered, it was observed that it does not correspond to any significant value as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. However, the fertilizer potential of the digestate of the reactors can be improved by increasing the influent COD concentration and the loading rate. Then, it can be used as an ingredient to produce commercial fertilizers. Coupling wastewater treatment with renewable energy production from the produced microalgal biomass not only decreases the sludge to be handled and associated costs but also provides a sustainable means of wastewater treatment. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2016

ACS Style

Eylem Doğan-Subaşı; Göksel N. Demirer. Anaerobic digestion of microalgal (Chlorella vulgaris) biomass as a source of biogas and biofertilizer. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 2016, 35, 936 -941.

AMA Style

Eylem Doğan-Subaşı, Göksel N. Demirer. Anaerobic digestion of microalgal (Chlorella vulgaris) biomass as a source of biogas and biofertilizer. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy. 2016; 35 (4):936-941.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eylem Doğan-Subaşı; Göksel N. Demirer. 2016. "Anaerobic digestion of microalgal (Chlorella vulgaris) biomass as a source of biogas and biofertilizer." Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy 35, no. 4: 936-941.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Environmental Engineering and Management Journal
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ACS Style

Goksel N. Demirer; Tuba H. Erguder. ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM THE ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND COW MANURE IN LEACHING BED REACTORS. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 2016, 15, 2487 -2495.

AMA Style

Goksel N. Demirer, Tuba H. Erguder. ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM THE ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND COW MANURE IN LEACHING BED REACTORS. Environmental Engineering and Management Journal. 2016; 15 (11):2487-2495.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Goksel N. Demirer; Tuba H. Erguder. 2016. "ORGANIC ACID PRODUCTION FROM THE ORGANIC FRACTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE AND COW MANURE IN LEACHING BED REACTORS." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 15, no. 11: 2487-2495.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2015 in Resources, Conservation and Recycling
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The aim of this study was to investigate water conservation and reuse opportunities in a soft drink/beverage manufacturing company. Water use analysis and benchmarking were carried out to determine the areas and processes where significant water saving potential is present. Based on evaluations, water recycling and reuse practices were realized in cooling systems. As a result of applying these practices, the total specific cooling water demand of the company was reduced from 14.4 to 1.2 m3/m3 product or by 91.8%. Moreover, the total specific water intensity of the company was decreased 55.0%. Thus, the achieved total annual water saving was 503,893 m3. After applications, specific wastewater generation of the company was reduced by 57.4% and hydraulic overload issues in wastewater treatment plant of Kayseri organized industrial zone were resolved. During the implementation of water saving measures/techniques 56,960 $ was spent for equipments. Annual cost saving of the company were 97,000 $. So, the payback period of the implementations was approximately 7 months. This study proved that water recycling and reuse can successfully be implemented in soft drink/beverage industry as a sustainable industrial water management approach. If successfully replicated in other manufacturing sectors besides soft drink/beverage sector, outcomes of this study can be a solution for excessive cooling water consumption in Turkey as well as other parts of the world where similar processes are employed.

ACS Style

Emrah Alkaya; Göksel Niyazi Demirer. Water recycling and reuse in soft drink/beverage industry: A case study for sustainable industrial water management in Turkey. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 104, 172 -180.

AMA Style

Emrah Alkaya, Göksel Niyazi Demirer. Water recycling and reuse in soft drink/beverage industry: A case study for sustainable industrial water management in Turkey. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2015; 104 ():172-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emrah Alkaya; Göksel Niyazi Demirer. 2015. "Water recycling and reuse in soft drink/beverage industry: A case study for sustainable industrial water management in Turkey." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 104, no. : 172-180.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2015 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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ACS Style

Emrah Alkaya; Göksel N. Demirer. Reducing water and energy consumption in chemical industry by sustainable production approach: a pilot study for polyethylene terephthalate production. Journal of Cleaner Production 2015, 99, 119 -128.

AMA Style

Emrah Alkaya, Göksel N. Demirer. Reducing water and energy consumption in chemical industry by sustainable production approach: a pilot study for polyethylene terephthalate production. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2015; 99 ():119-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emrah Alkaya; Göksel N. Demirer. 2015. "Reducing water and energy consumption in chemical industry by sustainable production approach: a pilot study for polyethylene terephthalate production." Journal of Cleaner Production 99, no. : 119-128.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2015 in Water Environment Research
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The objective of this study was to investigate the climate change adaptation opportunities of six companies from different sectors through resource efficiency and sustainable production. A total of 77 sustainable production options were developed for the companies based on the audits conducted. After screening these opportunities with each company's staff, 19 options were selected and implemented. Significant water savings (849,668 m3/year) were achieved as a result of the applications that targeted reduction of water use. In addition to water savings, the energy consumption was reduced by 3,607 MWh, which decreased the CO2 emissions by 904.1 tons/year. Moreover, the consumption of 278.4 tons/year of chemicals (e.g., NaCl, CdO, NaCN) was avoided, thus the corresponding pollution load to the wastewater treatment plant was reduced. Besides the tangible improvements, other gains were achieved, such as improved product quality, improved health and safety conditions, reduced maintenance requirements, and ensured compliance with national and EU regulations. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study is the first ever activity in Turkey devoted to climate change adaptation in the private sector. This study may serve as a building block in Turkey for the integration of climate change adaptation and mitigation approach in the industry, since water efficiency (adaptation) and carbon reduction (mitigation) are achieved simultaneously.

ACS Style

Emrah Alkayal; Merve Bogurcu; Ferda Ulutas; Goksel Demirer. Adaptation to Climate Change in Industry: Improving Resource Efficiency through Sustainable Production Applications. Water Environment Research 2015, 87, 14 -25.

AMA Style

Emrah Alkayal, Merve Bogurcu, Ferda Ulutas, Goksel Demirer. Adaptation to Climate Change in Industry: Improving Resource Efficiency through Sustainable Production Applications. Water Environment Research. 2015; 87 (1):14-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emrah Alkayal; Merve Bogurcu; Ferda Ulutas; Goksel Demirer. 2015. "Adaptation to Climate Change in Industry: Improving Resource Efficiency through Sustainable Production Applications." Water Environment Research 87, no. 1: 14-25.