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This study investigates the role that social capital plays in synergizing two growing components of economic development for many communities - the tourism and craft beverage industries. By focusing on an emerging craft beverage tourism destination, Wake County in North Carolina (United States), this study illustrates the economic development outcomes that can be generated by craft beverage tourism and the forms of social capital needed to establish and sustain this type of niche tourism. Thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews with 30 stakeholders revealed that craft beverage tourism contributes to economic development outcomes such as: (1) community capacity, (2) firm and industry capacity, (3) entrepreneurial activity, and (4) innovative infrastructure. Both bridging and bonding social capital supported these outcomes in the forms of (1) collaboration among stakeholders, (2) support for new members of the industry, (3) craft beverage stakeholders' involvement with the community, and (4) creation of a craft beverage destination. Results indicate that bonding social capital is a crucial resource for establishing and sustaining Wake County's craft beverage industry and its development as a craft beverage destination. However, there is only limited utilization of bridging social capital in efforts to advance craft beverage tourism development. Collectively, these findings outline the economic development benefits of craft beverage tourism and the social capital resources needed to achieve those benefits. These insights can facilitate the development of CBT products.
Whitney Knollenberg; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri; Kathryn Boys. Craft beverage tourism development: The contributions of social capital. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 2021, 20, 100599 .
AMA StyleWhitney Knollenberg, Claudia Gil Arroyo, Carla Barbieri, Kathryn Boys. Craft beverage tourism development: The contributions of social capital. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management. 2021; 20 ():100599.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWhitney Knollenberg; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri; Kathryn Boys. 2021. "Craft beverage tourism development: The contributions of social capital." Journal of Destination Marketing & Management 20, no. : 100599.
Membership associations are vital to build social capital and networks among their members through the exchange of information and resources, roles especially valuable for emerging entrepreneurs. That is the case of associations catering to professionals in agritourism, an enterprise bringing farming and tourism together. However, whether the exchange of information and resources among members holds true within agritourism associations is yet to be known. Filling this knowledge gap is critical given the stated benefits agritourism delivers to society and farmers’ necessity to expand their business networks to increase entrepreneurial success. Therefore, this study evaluated the extent of social capital and networks within a prominent agritourism-focused association in North America. Data were collected from members using a web-based survey in 2016. Analyses included descriptive statistical tests and Social Network Analysis (SNA). Results showed high levels of social capital among members, especially related to its relational dimension (e.g., share professional advice), as well as strong bi-directional (to/from) trust, cooperation, and reciprocity among members. SNA indicated members were well connected and had a healthy information exchange, without the organization intervention. Study results are discussed to provide managerial intelligence towards strengthening social capital and networks within associations catering to agritourism and other niche-tourism professionals.
Jing Li; Carla Barbieri. Demystifying Members’ Social Capital and Networks within an Agritourism Association: A Social Network Analysis. Tourism and Hospitality 2020, 1, 41 -58.
AMA StyleJing Li, Carla Barbieri. Demystifying Members’ Social Capital and Networks within an Agritourism Association: A Social Network Analysis. Tourism and Hospitality. 2020; 1 (1):41-58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJing Li; Carla Barbieri. 2020. "Demystifying Members’ Social Capital and Networks within an Agritourism Association: A Social Network Analysis." Tourism and Hospitality 1, no. 1: 41-58.
Craft beverage tourism is a growing niche in the United States and an attractive strategy for sustainable community development. A new integrated framework analyzes the development of craft beverage tourism by combining two theoretical models: The Community Capitals Framework and Creative Placemaking. The resulting Destination Resources Acceleration Framework was applied in North Carolina (United States). Semi-structured interviews with 30 craft beverage tourism stakeholders revealed creativity and meaning accelerate the generation of the community capitals which support and result from craft beverage tourism. This study contributes to the understanding of the resource inputs a community needs to develop a new economic activity such as craft beverage tourism, and the resources generated by this form of development.
Claudia Gil Arroyo; Whitney Knollenberg; Carla Barbieri. Inputs and outputs of craft beverage tourism: The Destination Resources Acceleration Framework. Annals of Tourism Research 2020, 86, 103102 .
AMA StyleClaudia Gil Arroyo, Whitney Knollenberg, Carla Barbieri. Inputs and outputs of craft beverage tourism: The Destination Resources Acceleration Framework. Annals of Tourism Research. 2020; 86 ():103102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Gil Arroyo; Whitney Knollenberg; Carla Barbieri. 2020. "Inputs and outputs of craft beverage tourism: The Destination Resources Acceleration Framework." Annals of Tourism Research 86, no. : 103102.
Ann E. Savage; Carla Barbieri; Susan Jakes. Cultivating success: personal, family and societal attributes affecting women in agritourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 2020, 1 -21.
AMA StyleAnn E. Savage, Carla Barbieri, Susan Jakes. Cultivating success: personal, family and societal attributes affecting women in agritourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 2020; ():1-21.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnn E. Savage; Carla Barbieri; Susan Jakes. 2020. "Cultivating success: personal, family and societal attributes affecting women in agritourism." Journal of Sustainable Tourism , no. : 1-21.
This study compared job stressors between female and male Tour Leaders (TLs) operating in South America, mainly Peru and Bolivia. In 2017, 82 TLs were surveyed about their level of stress on 30 items representing four sources of job stress: job roles, nature of the job, tourists’ attitudes and behaviors, and external factors. Statistical tests determined that female TLs perceive higher levels of stress from sexual harassment, natural disasters, facilitating the tourists-locals interaction, having limited free time during trips and constant packing/unpacking. Male TLs reported higher levels of stress when tourists supersede their authority. These results indicate the need to amend policy and managerial guidelines to increase gender equity in the tour leading profession.
Brendali Carrillo; Carla Barbieri; Whitney Knollenberg; Michael B. Edwards. The stress from my tour leading job: Differences between genders. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 2020, 44, 211 -214.
AMA StyleBrendali Carrillo, Carla Barbieri, Whitney Knollenberg, Michael B. Edwards. The stress from my tour leading job: Differences between genders. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. 2020; 44 ():211-214.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrendali Carrillo; Carla Barbieri; Whitney Knollenberg; Michael B. Edwards. 2020. "The stress from my tour leading job: Differences between genders." Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management 44, no. : 211-214.
Agritourism—visiting a working farm for education or recreation—may serve as a tool to increase local food consumption as it often includes opportunities to purchase local food on-site. Yet, the influence of agritourism on consumers’ local food purchasing behavior remains underexplored. Thus, this study measures the impact of agritourism experiences on consumers’ intentions to purchase local food. To do so, visitors were surveyed at six agritourism farms with similar agritourism activities (e.g., U-pick, educational displays, and on-site market) located across North Carolina (USA) before (pre) and after (post) their visits ( n = 328). Data, collected during the 2018–2019 peak agritourism season, were analyzed using repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance. Findings indicate that agritourism experiences effectively increase consumers’ intentions to purchase local food. These findings advance the scholarship of agritourism. They also provide useful information to design effective marketing campaigns to promote the purchase and consumption of local food and strengthen local agricultural systems.
Sara Brune; Whitney Knollenberg; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Carla Barbieri; Michelle Schroeder-Moreno. The Influence of Agritourism Experiences on Consumer Behavior toward Local Food. Journal of Travel Research 2020, 60, 1318 -1332.
AMA StyleSara Brune, Whitney Knollenberg, Kathryn T. Stevenson, Carla Barbieri, Michelle Schroeder-Moreno. The Influence of Agritourism Experiences on Consumer Behavior toward Local Food. Journal of Travel Research. 2020; 60 (6):1318-1332.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Brune; Whitney Knollenberg; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Carla Barbieri; Michelle Schroeder-Moreno. 2020. "The Influence of Agritourism Experiences on Consumer Behavior toward Local Food." Journal of Travel Research 60, no. 6: 1318-1332.
Women’s predominant role in agritourism expands their also significant involvement in agriculture and rural development. Yet, when measured in economic terms, women in agritourism appear to be less successful than men. We argue that economic earnings are a limited measure of success, as women value their accomplishments in a comprehensive and distinctive sense. To better understand women’s success in agritourism, we conducted a study addressing limitations in methodologies and scope of the existing scholarship. Framed within feminist and emic approaches, we used a combination of qualitative methods of inquiry (open-ended interviews, mini focus groups, nominal group exercises) to generate data from 20 female agritourism entrepreneurs in North Carolina (USA). Findings show women in agritourism define success through nine distinct themes, four of which are newly emerging (ensuring customer satisfaction, being constantly on the move, pursuing happiness, perpetuating the family farm). Participants also identified seven opportunities that they perceive contribute to their self-defined success. Our study adds to the scholarship and practice of gender in agritourism by expanding the economic definition of entrepreneurial success. In doing so, we provide managerial and policy intelligence that can be used to stimulate rural development.
M. Farzana Halim; Carla Barbieri; Duarte B. Morais; Susan Jakes; Erin Seekamp. Beyond Economic Earnings: The Holistic Meaning of Success for Women in Agritourism. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleM. Farzana Halim, Carla Barbieri, Duarte B. Morais, Susan Jakes, Erin Seekamp. Beyond Economic Earnings: The Holistic Meaning of Success for Women in Agritourism. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Farzana Halim; Carla Barbieri; Duarte B. Morais; Susan Jakes; Erin Seekamp. 2020. "Beyond Economic Earnings: The Holistic Meaning of Success for Women in Agritourism." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.
Social capital is a vital element of tourism development and sustainability, and has thus drawn significant attention during the past decade. Yet, this topic is still under-researched in the context of niche tourism, especially along linear tourism settings such as wine trails. As a major component of wine tourism, wine trails have been growing rapidly worldwide to further regional tourism development. To examine the level of social capital related with wine tourism, communities surrounding two wine trails in North Carolina (U.S.) were surveyed regarding the Trust, Information Sharing, Collective Action, Bonding and Bridging dimensions of social capital. Results indicated the Piedmont region has not yet fully developed the social capital associated with local wine trails, although residents perceived somewhat strong Collective Action derived from this growing tourism niche. Visitation frequency to wine trails was found to be significantly associated with all dimensions of wine tourism social capital. This study advances the wine tourism scholarship concerning social capital along wine trails (e.g., integrating main dimensions into one scale). It also sheds light on wine trail development and management, suggesting local wineries and wine trails invest greater effort in forging community bonds, especially among older residents, and bridging with local businesses.
Shuangyu Xu; Carla Barbieri; Erin Seekamp. Social Capital along Wine Trails: Spilling the Wine to Residents? Sustainability 2020, 12, 1592 .
AMA StyleShuangyu Xu, Carla Barbieri, Erin Seekamp. Social Capital along Wine Trails: Spilling the Wine to Residents? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (4):1592.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuangyu Xu; Carla Barbieri; Erin Seekamp. 2020. "Social Capital along Wine Trails: Spilling the Wine to Residents?" Sustainability 12, no. 4: 1592.
Recreational experiences offer many benefits to individuals and society, including improved mental and physical health. Yet, limited evidence is available on the potential benefits of recreation as a path to stimulate desired behavioral outcomes. The purpose of this work is to discuss preliminary findings of whether participating in agritourism influences intended local foods purchasing behavior. To achieve this purpose, we surveyed 173 recreationists before and after visiting a farm offering recreational activities (agritourism) in 2018. Results of repeated measures multivariate analysis of variance indicate that agritourism influenced participants’ attitudes and intended behavior toward local foods although subjective norms and perceived behavioral control remained unchanged. However, the regression analysis indicated that changes in subjective norms and perceived behavioral control predicted changes in intended behavior. We conclude that agritourism can encourage consumers’ purchasing intentions of local foods, supporting an underexplored additional benefit of recreational experiences as a path to promote desirable behaviors. Further, agritourism experiences may be most effective at encouraging local foods purchasing when they show that buying local foods is socially supported and relatively easy. Subscribe to JPRA
Sara Brune; Whitney Knollenberg; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Carla Barbieri. U-Pick Farms: Harvesting More than Pumpkins. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSara Brune, Whitney Knollenberg, Kathryn T. Stevenson, Carla Barbieri. U-Pick Farms: Harvesting More than Pumpkins. Journal of Park and Recreation Administration. 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSara Brune; Whitney Knollenberg; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Carla Barbieri. 2020. "U-Pick Farms: Harvesting More than Pumpkins." Journal of Park and Recreation Administration , no. : 1.
Carla Barbieri; Thomas Streifeneder. Agritourism Advances around the Globe: A Commentary from the Editors. Open Agriculture 2019, 4, 712 -714.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri, Thomas Streifeneder. Agritourism Advances around the Globe: A Commentary from the Editors. Open Agriculture. 2019; 4 (1):712-714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri; Thomas Streifeneder. 2019. "Agritourism Advances around the Globe: A Commentary from the Editors." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1: 712-714.
Tour Leader’s (TLs) performance is a key determinant of tourists’ satisfaction. Yet, research on the set of rewards and stressors (job inputs) that TLs experience and how these affect their quality of life and job satisfaction (job outcomes) is scant. This study, framed within the facet analysis model, fills this knowledge gap using data collected from 82 TLs operating in South America. Respondents were satisfied with nonfinancial rewards and perceived low stress levels resulting from their jobs. Although most reported positive psychological outcomes, they also acknowledged a decrease in their quality of convivial life. Analysis indicated that job inputs significantly affected TLs’ psychological and convivial well-being and job satisfaction. Study results expand the scholarship of the inputs and outcomes of tour leading and provides managerial and policy insights to increase TLs’ quality of life and job satisfaction, which is critical to enhance job performance.
Brendali Carrillo; Carla Barbieri; Whitney Knollenberg; Michael B. Edwards. Tour Leading in South America: Job Inputs and Outcomes. Journal of Travel Research 2019, 59, 1316 -1330.
AMA StyleBrendali Carrillo, Carla Barbieri, Whitney Knollenberg, Michael B. Edwards. Tour Leading in South America: Job Inputs and Outcomes. Journal of Travel Research. 2019; 59 (7):1316-1330.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBrendali Carrillo; Carla Barbieri; Whitney Knollenberg; Michael B. Edwards. 2019. "Tour Leading in South America: Job Inputs and Outcomes." Journal of Travel Research 59, no. 7: 1316-1330.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to summarize the substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances of agritourism research from its origins. It also envisions how agritourism spaces and research will develop in the next 75 years. Design/methodology/approach Building upon the existing literature and existing agriculture and tourism trends, this paper elucidates on the future of agritourism spaces and research. Findings Agritourism research has made substantial descriptive, ontological and epistemological advances to consolidate its scholarly significance as an object of study. Future agritourism will be a continuum ranging from ag-interpretation to ag-themed spaces. Future research efforts should address where agritourism, as a farm diversification strategy, ends along the educational–recreational continuum, and how can agritourism spaces better assist to negotiate societal growing dissonances emanated from the rural–urban gap. Originality/value This note envisions how agritourism spaces will evolve in the next 75 years, and thus the issues that future research should address, as a result of agricultural and tourism trends.
Carla Barbieri. Agritourism research: a perspective article. Tourism Review 2019, 75, 149 -152.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri. Agritourism research: a perspective article. Tourism Review. 2019; 75 (1):149-152.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri. 2019. "Agritourism research: a perspective article." Tourism Review 75, no. 1: 149-152.
Tourism has the potential to empower women, particularly in rural areas. However, little is known about whether it can have the same effect in Andean communities, mainly because the traditional social and cultural structures of those communities have limited women’s ability to empower themselves through traditional economic activities. Through interviews with residents participating in agritourism development in seven communities across the Cusco and Puno regions (Peru, South America), this study examined the role of agritourism development in the empowerment of women in those communities as well as the ways in which it has changed traditional gender roles. Study findings revealed that agritourism contributes to four areas of empowerment for women: psychological, social, political, and economic. However, the culture of the Andean communities still has considerable influence on gender dynamics and may prevent women from garnering all the benefits of tourism development. Agritourism development in those communities should incorporate gender-related cultural considerations to navigate and overcome barriers, thereby allowing the maximization of empowerment benefits for women.
Claudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Whitney Knollenberg. Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3058 .
AMA StyleClaudia Gil Arroyo, Carla Barbieri, Sandra Sotomayor, Whitney Knollenberg. Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3058.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Whitney Knollenberg. 2019. "Cultivating Women’s Empowerment through Agritourism: Evidence from Andean Communities." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3058.
The Peruvian government has supported community-based tourism (CBT) for the last ten years seeking to improve the well-being of marginalized rural communities sustainably. Yet, the notion of sustainability among these CBT providers has not been formally assessed, nor the impact of different managerial models in such a notion. Thus, we interviewed members of seven CBT initiatives operating in the Peruvian Andes to evaluate their level of understanding of sustainability and their awareness of the impacts their activities produce. Analysis yielded five themes and 17 sub-themes which altogether illustrate interviewees’ understanding of sustainability attained throughout their path of developing CBT. Findings revealed these CBT initiatives implement many sustainable practices, likely due to the training they receive from supporting agencies. Notably, they assert CBT should remain complementary to agricultural livelihoods as to allow benefits to outweigh negative impacts. Findings also show management and networking inefficiencies in need of improvement to increase sustainability.
Carla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Claudia Gil Arroyo. Sustainable Tourism Practices in Indigenous Communities: The Case of the Peruvian Andes. Tourism Planning & Development 2019, 17, 207 -224.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri, Sandra Sotomayor, Claudia Gil Arroyo. Sustainable Tourism Practices in Indigenous Communities: The Case of the Peruvian Andes. Tourism Planning & Development. 2019; 17 (2):207-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Claudia Gil Arroyo. 2019. "Sustainable Tourism Practices in Indigenous Communities: The Case of the Peruvian Andes." Tourism Planning & Development 17, no. 2: 207-224.
Experiential tourism can be a catalyst for enhancing the wellbeing of indigenous communities. Yet, experiential tourism is a conundrum as cultural adaption to increase tourists’ satisfaction can threaten authenticity. This study examined the dialectic between experiential tourism and traditional culture among seven Quechua communities in Peru offering experiential tourism, by addressing three questions: (1) What is the perceived the role of ancestral traditions in experiential tourism? (2) To what extent modernism permeates into their lifestyles?, and (3) How do they negotiate ancestral traditions and modernism? Data collected in 2015 revealed that locals involved in tourism considered a priority to keep their ancestral traditions alive by passing them on to new generations; those not involved in tourism are less compliant of cultural authenticity. As a result, study communities showed signs of acculturation, syncretism and re-authentication. Findings also revealed that tourism is perceived as the catalyst for keeping and recovering traditional cultural manifestations, while modernism of certain practices is a necessity. This study contributes to the tourism scholarship by stressing the necessity to negotiate the coexistence of modernity and traditions in experiential tourism. Findings also elucidate policy and marketing suggestions to increase the positive effect of experiential tourism in heritage preservation.
Sandra Sotomayor; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri. Tradition and modernity side-by-side: experiential tourism among Quechua communities. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 2019, 17, 377 -393.
AMA StyleSandra Sotomayor, Claudia Gil Arroyo, Carla Barbieri. Tradition and modernity side-by-side: experiential tourism among Quechua communities. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change. 2019; 17 (4):377-393.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSandra Sotomayor; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Carla Barbieri. 2019. "Tradition and modernity side-by-side: experiential tourism among Quechua communities." Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change 17, no. 4: 377-393.
Carla Barbieri; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Whitney Knollenberg. Broadening the utilitarian epistemology of agritourism research through children and families. Current Issues in Tourism 2018, 22, 2333 -2336.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri, Kathryn T. Stevenson, Whitney Knollenberg. Broadening the utilitarian epistemology of agritourism research through children and families. Current Issues in Tourism. 2018; 22 (19):2333-2336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri; Kathryn T. Stevenson; Whitney Knollenberg. 2018. "Broadening the utilitarian epistemology of agritourism research through children and families." Current Issues in Tourism 22, no. 19: 2333-2336.
This study investigated residents’ perceived benefits of two types of agricultural lands (farms, cultivated forests) offering agritourism. Specifically, this study compared perceived socio-cultural, environmental, and economic services both types of lands produce and identified socio-economic, lifestyle behavioral, and past visit indicators associated with those perceptions. A survey was mailed to a random sample of 5000 households in Missouri (US), obtaining 969 responses. Respondents perceived that farms and forests produce several socio-cultural, environmental, and economic services to society, with few statistical differences between both. Socio-economic and lifestyle indicators were associated in different ways to residents’ perceptions of the services farms and forests provide. Socializing with friends and visiting those settings during childhood had a positive influence on all types of services derived from both settings. Policy, management, and marketing implications are discussed as to incorporate the benefits agricultural lands provide to society in the planning and development of agritourism.
Carla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Francisco X. Aguilar. Perceived Benefits of Agricultural Lands Offering Agritourism. Tourism Planning & Development 2017, 16, 43 -60.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri, Sandra Sotomayor, Francisco X. Aguilar. Perceived Benefits of Agricultural Lands Offering Agritourism. Tourism Planning & Development. 2017; 16 (1):43-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri; Sandra Sotomayor; Francisco X. Aguilar. 2017. "Perceived Benefits of Agricultural Lands Offering Agritourism." Tourism Planning & Development 16, no. 1: 43-60.
In the context of social and cultural relativity, there has been ample discussion about the fluidity and complexity of authenticity. This debate, termed ‘dilemma of authenticity’, centres around conflicting stances among tourism theorists, practitioners, marketers, and host communities with regards to how authenticity is perceived and how it influences tourists’ decision-making. This uncertainty has hindered agritourism entrepreneurs who remain unsure of how they may rely on authenticity to attract tourists. This paper examines perceptions of authenticity in working agricultural landscapes through two between-subject experiments to investigate how appealing the self-expressed authentic agricultural elements appear to potential tourists. One experiment was carried out in a controlled laboratory experiment employing Immersive Virtual Environment technology, and the second via a web-based survey using two-dimensional photos. Participants were undergraduate students and Amazon Mechanical Turk Master Workers, respectively. The results suggest that participants identify productive elements of agricultural landscapes as both authentic and appealing, though significantly differing in regards to socio-cultural elements. The triangulation of methods and samples reveal discrepant findings for wooded and riparian areas. This paper brings about novel findings about the perception of authenticity and appeal in agricultural settings.
Shahab Nazariadli; Duarte Morais; Carla Barbieri; Jordan W. Smith. Does perception of authenticity attract visitors to agricultural settings? Tourism Recreation Research 2017, 43, 91 -104.
AMA StyleShahab Nazariadli, Duarte Morais, Carla Barbieri, Jordan W. Smith. Does perception of authenticity attract visitors to agricultural settings? Tourism Recreation Research. 2017; 43 (1):91-104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShahab Nazariadli; Duarte Morais; Carla Barbieri; Jordan W. Smith. 2017. "Does perception of authenticity attract visitors to agricultural settings?" Tourism Recreation Research 43, no. 1: 91-104.
The demand and offer of recreational activities on farms has increased over the last decades and promises increased growth in the future because of the benefits it brings to farmers and visitors. Despite this growth, a breadth of names (e.g., agritourism, farm visit) are used interchangeably to depict this activity. Such inconsistency reflects a lack of industry branding which diminishes marketing effectiveness and hinders stakeholders’ collaboration. Therefore, a study was conducted to evaluate the Memorability, Distinctiveness, Relevance and Flexibility and overall preference of eight typical names associated with recreation on farms among farmers and visitors. The multimodal approach employed reveals that efforts are needed to standardize and diffuse a brand name for recreation on farms because of reduced Memorability. Although “Agritourism” appears suitable to brand recreation on farms given its Distinctiveness, Relevance, and Flexibility, results are inconclusive and call for further efforts for educating the public about its meaning.
Carla Barbieri; Shuangyu Xu; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Samantha Rozier Rich. Agritourism, Farm Visit, or . . . ? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms. Journal of Travel Research 2016, 55, 1094 -1108.
AMA StyleCarla Barbieri, Shuangyu Xu, Claudia Gil Arroyo, Samantha Rozier Rich. Agritourism, Farm Visit, or . . . ? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms. Journal of Travel Research. 2016; 55 (8):1094-1108.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarla Barbieri; Shuangyu Xu; Claudia Gil Arroyo; Samantha Rozier Rich. 2016. "Agritourism, Farm Visit, or . . . ? A Branding Assessment for Recreation on Farms." Journal of Travel Research 55, no. 8: 1094-1108.
Wine trails have been studied insufficiently within the tourism literature despite of their recent rapid development worldwide. In response, this study examines residents' perceptions of wine tourism development in terms of personal benefits and community impacts. It also explores whether residents' socio-demographics and levels of wine enthusiasm, and wine trails' tourism characterization influence residents' perceptions. Following a stratified random sampling procedure, residents living along two wine trails in the Piedmont region of North Carolina (U.S.) were surveyed. Results indicate that residents are neutral in their perceptions of the Piedmont wineries in terms of both personal benefits and community impacts. Residents' socio-demographics and level of wine enthusiasm, as well as the comprehensiveness of wine trails' tourism amenities were significantly associated with residents' perceptions. Results also indicate that personal benefits mediate residents' perceptions of community impacts. In addition to the oretical and methodological contributions, this paper outlines management implications for wine trails.
Shuangyu Xu; Carla Barbieri; Dorothy Anderson; Yu-Fai Leung; Samantha Rozier-Rich. Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development. Tourism Management 2016, 55, 276 -286.
AMA StyleShuangyu Xu, Carla Barbieri, Dorothy Anderson, Yu-Fai Leung, Samantha Rozier-Rich. Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development. Tourism Management. 2016; 55 ():276-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuangyu Xu; Carla Barbieri; Dorothy Anderson; Yu-Fai Leung; Samantha Rozier-Rich. 2016. "Residents' perceptions of wine tourism development." Tourism Management 55, no. : 276-286.