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Vladimir Kendrovski
World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, European Centre for Environment and Health, Platz der Vereinigten Nationen 1, 53113, Bonn, Germany.

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Leitthema
Published: 18 April 2019 in Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz
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Evidence of the impact of climate change on health is growing. Health systems need to be prepared and gradually adapt to the effects of climate change, including extreme weather events. Fossil fuel combustion as the driver of climate change poses a tremendous burden of disease. In turn, cutting greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors will achieve health co-benefits. If all countries meet the Paris Agreement by 2030, the annual number of avoidable premature deaths could total 138,000 across the entire European Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). Several international frameworks promote a stronger commitment by countries to implementing the necessary adaptations in the health sector and to addressing health considerations in adaptation measures in other sectors. The WHO has a mandate from its member states to identify solutions and help prevent or reduce health impacts, including those from climate change. National governments are continuing to establish public health adaptation measures, which provide a rationale for and trigger action on climate change by the health community. Effective national responses to climate risks require strategic analyses of current and anticipated threats. Health professionals need to play a proactive role in promoting health arguments and evidence in the formulation of national climate change adaptation and mitigation responses. To this end, country capacities need to be further strengthened to identify and address local health risks posed by climate change and to develop, implement and evaluate health-focused interventions through integrated approaches. Building climate-resilient and environmentally sustainable health care facilities is an essential pillar of health sector leadership to address climate change.

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Oliver Schmoll. Priorities for protecting health from climate change in the WHO European Region: recent regional activities. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 2019, 62, 537 -545.

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Oliver Schmoll. Priorities for protecting health from climate change in the WHO European Region: recent regional activities. Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz. 2019; 62 (5):537-545.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Oliver Schmoll. 2019. "Priorities for protecting health from climate change in the WHO European Region: recent regional activities." Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 62, no. 5: 537-545.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Environmental Research
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Thermal extremes, both heat and cold, constitute a serious public health threat in Vilnius, and in a changing climate the decrease in mortality attributable to cold will not compensate for the increase in mortality attributable to heat. Study results reinforce the notion that public health prevention against thermal extremes should be designed as a dynamic, adaptive process from the inception.

ACS Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Julio Diaz; Hans Hooyberghs; Dirk Lauwaet; Koen De Ridder; Cristina Linares; Rocio Carmona; Cristina Ortiz; Vladimir Kendrovski; Dovile Adamonyte. Cold-related mortality vs heat-related mortality in a changing climate: A case study in Vilnius (Lithuania). Environmental Research 2018, 166, 384 -393.

AMA Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Julio Diaz, Hans Hooyberghs, Dirk Lauwaet, Koen De Ridder, Cristina Linares, Rocio Carmona, Cristina Ortiz, Vladimir Kendrovski, Dovile Adamonyte. Cold-related mortality vs heat-related mortality in a changing climate: A case study in Vilnius (Lithuania). Environmental Research. 2018; 166 ():384-393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Julio Diaz; Hans Hooyberghs; Dirk Lauwaet; Koen De Ridder; Cristina Linares; Rocio Carmona; Cristina Ortiz; Vladimir Kendrovski; Dovile Adamonyte. 2018. "Cold-related mortality vs heat-related mortality in a changing climate: A case study in Vilnius (Lithuania)." Environmental Research 166, no. : 384-393.

Journal article
Published: 29 March 2018 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Urban outdoor air pollution, especially particulate matter, remains a major environmental health problem in Skopje, the capital of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Despite the documented high levels of pollution in the city, the published evidence on its health impacts is as yet scarce. Methods: we obtained, cleaned, and validated Particulate Matter (PM) concentration data from five air quality monitoring stations in the Skopje metropolitan area, applied relevant concentration-response functions, and evaluated health impacts against two theoretical policy scenarios. We then calculated the burden of disease attributable to PM and calculated the societal cost due to attributable mortality. Results: In 2012, long-term exposure to PM2.5 (49.2 μg/m3) caused an estimated 1199 premature deaths (CI95% 821–1519). The social cost of the predicted premature mortality in 2012 due to air pollution was estimated at between 570 and 1470 million euros. Moreover, PM2.5 was also estimated to be responsible for 547 hospital admissions (CI95% 104–977) from cardiovascular diseases, and 937 admissions (CI95% 937–1869) for respiratory disease that year. Reducing PM2.5 levels to the EU limit (25 μg/m3) could have averted an estimated 45% of PM-attributable mortality, while achieving the WHO Air Quality Guidelines (10 μg/m3) could have averted an estimated 77% of PM-attributable mortality. Both scenarios would also attain significant reductions in attributable respiratory and cardiovascular hospital admissions. Conclusions: Besides its health impacts in terms of increased premature mortality and hospitalizations, air pollution entails significant economic costs to the population of Skopje. Reductions in PM2.5 concentrations could provide substantial health and economic gains to the city.

ACS Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Joseph V. Spadaro; Dimitriοs Chapizanis; Vladimir Kendrovski; Mihail Kochubovski; Pierpaolo Mudu. Health Impacts and Economic Costs of Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Skopje. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2018, 15, 626 .

AMA Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Joseph V. Spadaro, Dimitriοs Chapizanis, Vladimir Kendrovski, Mihail Kochubovski, Pierpaolo Mudu. Health Impacts and Economic Costs of Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Skopje. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018; 15 (4):626.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Joseph V. Spadaro; Dimitriοs Chapizanis; Vladimir Kendrovski; Mihail Kochubovski; Pierpaolo Mudu. 2018. "Health Impacts and Economic Costs of Air Pollution in the Metropolitan Area of Skopje." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 4: 626.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2017 in Environment International
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Excessive summer heat is a serious environmental health problem in several European cities. Heat-related mortality and morbidity is likely to increase under climate change scenarios without adequate prevention based on locally relevant evidence. We modelled the urban climate of Antwerp for the summer season during the period 1986–2015, and projected summer daily temperatures for two periods, one in the near (2026–2045) and one in the far future (2081–2100), under the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5. We then analysed the relationship between temperature and mortality, as well as with hospital admissions for the period 2009–2013, and estimated the projected mortality in the near future and far future periods under changing climate and population, assuming alternatively no acclimatization and acclimatization based on a constant threshold percentile temperature. During the sample period 2009–2013 we observed an increase in daily mortality from a maximum daily temperature of 26 °C, or the 89th percentile of the maximum daily temperature series. The annual average heat-related mortality in this period was 13.4 persons (95% CI: 3.8–23.4). No effect of heat was observed in the case of hospital admissions due to cardiorespiratory causes. Under a no acclimatization scenario, annual average heat-related mortality is multiplied by a factor of 1.7 in the near future (24.1 deaths/year CI 95%: 6.78–41.94) and by a factor of 4.5 in the far future (60.38 deaths/year CI 95%: 17.00–105.11). Under a heat acclimatization scenario, mortality does not increase significantly in the near or in the far future. These results highlight the importance of a long-term perspective in the public health prevention of heat exposure, particularly in the context of a changing climate, and the calibration of existing prevention activities in light of locally relevant evidence.

ACS Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Julio Diaz; Hans Hooyberghs; Dirk Lauwaet; Koen De Ridder; Cristina Linares; Rocio Carmona; Cristina Ortiz; Vladimir Kendrovski; Raf Aerts; An Van Nieuwenhuyse; Maria Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar. Heat and health in Antwerp under climate change: Projected impacts and implications for prevention. Environment International 2017, 111, 135 -143.

AMA Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Julio Diaz, Hans Hooyberghs, Dirk Lauwaet, Koen De Ridder, Cristina Linares, Rocio Carmona, Cristina Ortiz, Vladimir Kendrovski, Raf Aerts, An Van Nieuwenhuyse, Maria Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar. Heat and health in Antwerp under climate change: Projected impacts and implications for prevention. Environment International. 2017; 111 ():135-143.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Julio Diaz; Hans Hooyberghs; Dirk Lauwaet; Koen De Ridder; Cristina Linares; Rocio Carmona; Cristina Ortiz; Vladimir Kendrovski; Raf Aerts; An Van Nieuwenhuyse; Maria Bekker-Nielsen Dunbar. 2017. "Heat and health in Antwerp under climate change: Projected impacts and implications for prevention." Environment International 111, no. : 135-143.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2017 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Under future warming conditions, high ambient temperatures will have a significant impact on population health in Europe. The aim of this paper is to quantify the possible future impact of heat on population mortality in European countries, under different climate change scenarios. We combined the heat-mortality function estimated from historical data with meteorological projections for the future time laps 2035–2064 and 2071–2099, developed under the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5. We calculated attributable deaths (AD) at the country level. Overall, the expected impacts will be much larger than the impacts we would observe if apparent temperatures would remain in the future at the observed historical levels. During the period 2071–2099, an overall excess of 46,690 and 117,333 AD per year is expected under the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios respectively, in addition to the 16,303 AD estimated under the historical scenario. Mediterranean and Eastern European countries will be the most affected by heat, but a non-negligible impact will be still registered in North-continental countries. Policies and plans for heat mitigation and adaptation are needed and urgent in European countries in order to prevent the expected increase of heat-related deaths in the coming decades.

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Michela Baccini; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Tanja Wolf; Elizabet Paunovic; Bettina Menne. Quantifying Projected Heat Mortality Impacts under 21st-Century Warming Conditions for Selected European Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 729 .

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Michela Baccini, Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Tanja Wolf, Elizabet Paunovic, Bettina Menne. Quantifying Projected Heat Mortality Impacts under 21st-Century Warming Conditions for Selected European Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (7):729.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Michela Baccini; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Tanja Wolf; Elizabet Paunovic; Bettina Menne. 2017. "Quantifying Projected Heat Mortality Impacts under 21st-Century Warming Conditions for Selected European Countries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 7: 729.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in American Journal of Climate Change
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Floods have always had and will continue to have significant consequences for society. In May 2014, there was widespread flooding in the Balkans affecting Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia. The aim of this article is to show that resilient and proactive health systems that anticipate needs and challenges are more likely to reduce risks and respond effectively during emergencies, saving lives and alleviating human suffering. The method draws on multiple sources of information, including a Balkan case study questionnaire survey with public health professionals involved in response to floods (n = 18) from three affected countries, and focus group discussion results (n = 43) presented at the meeting on “Prevention, preparedness and response to reduce or avoid health effects of flood events”, held in Bonn, Germany, in October 2015. The proposed range of measures to protect population health, organized around flood prevention, preparedness, response and recovery listed issues and considerations largely corresponds to the identified needs by Member State requests, following the Balkan country experiences. The consideration of lessons for early warning, preparedness and response and the integration of research results would lead to improved preparedness measures to better prevent flooding risks. Experiences in the WHO European Region point to a need to shift the emphasis from disaster response to long-term risk management.

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Franziska Matthies; Goran Cerkez; Maja Dragosavac; Dragana Dimitrijevic; Milan Rancic; Elizabet Paunovic; Oliver Schmoll; Bettina Menne. Managing Health Risks during the Balkans Floods. American Journal of Climate Change 2017, 06, 597 -606.

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Franziska Matthies, Goran Cerkez, Maja Dragosavac, Dragana Dimitrijevic, Milan Rancic, Elizabet Paunovic, Oliver Schmoll, Bettina Menne. Managing Health Risks during the Balkans Floods. American Journal of Climate Change. 2017; 06 (04):597-606.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Franziska Matthies; Goran Cerkez; Maja Dragosavac; Dragana Dimitrijevic; Milan Rancic; Elizabet Paunovic; Oliver Schmoll; Bettina Menne. 2017. "Managing Health Risks during the Balkans Floods." American Journal of Climate Change 06, no. 04: 597-606.

Journal article
Published: 16 May 2016 in BMC Public Health
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Excessive summer heat is a serious environmental health problem in Skopje, the capital and largest city of the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. This paper attempts to forecast the impact of heat on mortality in Skopje in two future periods under climate change and compare it with a historical baseline period. After ascertaining the relationship between daily mean ambient air temperature and daily mortality in Skopje, we modelled the evolution of ambient temperatures in the city under a Representative Concentration Pathway scenario (RCP8.5) and the evolution of the city population in two future time periods: 2026–2045 and 2081–2100, and in a past time period (1986–2005) to serve as baseline for comparison. We then calculated the projected average annual mortality attributable to heat in the absence of adaptation or acclimatization during those time windows, and evaluated the contribution of each source of uncertainty on the final impact. Our estimates suggest that, compared to the baseline period (1986–2005), heat-related mortality in Skopje would more than double in 2026–2045, and more than quadruple in 2081–2100. When considering the impact in 2081–2100, sampling variability around the heat–mortality relationship and climate model explained 40.3 and 46.6 % of total variability. These results highlight the importance of a long-term perspective in the public health prevention of heat exposure, particularly in the context of a changing climate.

ACS Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Michela Baccini; Koen De Ridder; Hans Hooyberghs; Wouter Lefebvre; Vladimir Kendrovski; Kristen Scott; Margarita Spasenovska. Projected heat-related mortality under climate change in the metropolitan area of Skopje. BMC Public Health 2016, 16, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Michela Baccini, Koen De Ridder, Hans Hooyberghs, Wouter Lefebvre, Vladimir Kendrovski, Kristen Scott, Margarita Spasenovska. Projected heat-related mortality under climate change in the metropolitan area of Skopje. BMC Public Health. 2016; 16 (1):1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Michela Baccini; Koen De Ridder; Hans Hooyberghs; Wouter Lefebvre; Vladimir Kendrovski; Kristen Scott; Margarita Spasenovska. 2016. "Projected heat-related mortality under climate change in the metropolitan area of Skopje." BMC Public Health 16, no. 1: 1-12.

Review
Published: 16 November 2015 in Climate
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The evidence of observed health effects as well as projections of future health risks from climate variability and climate change is growing. This article summarizes new knowledge on these health risks generated since the IPCC fourth assessment report (AR4) was published in 2007, with a specific focus on the 53 countries comprising the WHO European Region. Many studies on the effects of weather, climate variability, and climate change on health in the European Region have been published since 2007, increasing the level of certainty with regard to already known health threats. Exposures to temperature extremes, floods, storms, and wildfires have effects on cardiovascular and respiratory health. Climate- and weather-related health risks from worsening food and water safety and security, poor air quality, and ultraviolet radiation exposure as well as increasing allergic diseases, vector- and rodent-borne diseases, and other climate-sensitive health outcomes also warrant attention and policy action to protect human health.

ACS Style

Tanja Wolf; Katrina Lyne; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Vladimir Kendrovski. The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region. Climate 2015, 3, 901 -936.

AMA Style

Tanja Wolf, Katrina Lyne, Gerardo Sanchez Martinez, Vladimir Kendrovski. The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region. Climate. 2015; 3 (4):901-936.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tanja Wolf; Katrina Lyne; Gerardo Sanchez Martinez; Vladimir Kendrovski. 2015. "The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region." Climate 3, no. 4: 901-936.

Journal article
Published: 05 June 2014 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Projected climatic changes for the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia for the period 2025–2100 will be most intense in the warmest period of the year with more frequent and more intense heat-waves, droughts and flood events compared with the period 1961–1990. The country has examined their vulnerabilities to climate change and many public health impacts have been projected. A variety of qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used in the assessment: literature reviews, interviews, focus groups, time series and regression analysis, damage and adaptation cost estimation, and scenario-based assessment. Policies and interventions to minimize the risks and development of long-term adaptation strategies have been explored. The generation of a robust evidence base and the development of stakeholder engagement have been used to support the development of an adaptation strategy and to promote adaptive capacity by improving the resilience of public health systems to climate change. Climate change adaptation has been established as a priority within existing national policy instruments. The lessons learnt from the process are applicable to countries considering how best to improve adaptive capacity and resilience of health systems to climate variability and its associated impacts.

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Margarita Spasenovska; Bettina Menne. The Public Health Impacts of Climate Change in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2014, 11, 5975 -5988.

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Margarita Spasenovska, Bettina Menne. The Public Health Impacts of Climate Change in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2014; 11 (6):5975-5988.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Margarita Spasenovska; Bettina Menne. 2014. "The Public Health Impacts of Climate Change in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 11, no. 6: 5975-5988.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2013 in Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
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BACKGROUND Western Balkan countries (WBCs) have a long‐standing culinary tradition. The promotion of traditional foods may be a tool for coping with modernisation trends in such transition economies. This paper explores consumer preferences toward food in this region, focusing on a traditional fresh cow cheese locally called ‘Mladi Sir’. This product was quoted in all the preliminary focus groups as a common traditional product present in the six WBCs studied: Bosnia–Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, Serbia and Slovenia. RESULTS After a literature review investigating the concept of traditional food in WBCs and the implementation of focus groups, a survey including a conjoint analysis on preferences for fresh cow cheese was carried out in 2011 to collect data from 1200 respondents. Four clusters of consumers were identified: one focused more on the local origin; one oriented more toward the scale of production (on‐farm and small dairy); the third favouring low prices and the fourth preferring high prices and industrial products. CONCLUSION Policy makers and the supply chain could take these differences in consumer preferences regarding traditional food products into account in order to develop specific strategies. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

ACS Style

Georges Giraud; Corinne Amblard; Elise Thiel; Martine Zaouche-Laniau; Zaklina Stojanovic; Jure Pohar; Ružica Butigan; Miljan Cvetković; Boban Mugosa; Vladimir Kendrovski; Cristina Mora; Dominique Barjolle. A cross-cultural segmentation of western Balkan consumers: focus on preferences toward traditional fresh cow cheese. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 2013, 93, 3464 -3472.

AMA Style

Georges Giraud, Corinne Amblard, Elise Thiel, Martine Zaouche-Laniau, Zaklina Stojanovic, Jure Pohar, Ružica Butigan, Miljan Cvetković, Boban Mugosa, Vladimir Kendrovski, Cristina Mora, Dominique Barjolle. A cross-cultural segmentation of western Balkan consumers: focus on preferences toward traditional fresh cow cheese. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2013; 93 (14):3464-3472.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georges Giraud; Corinne Amblard; Elise Thiel; Martine Zaouche-Laniau; Zaklina Stojanovic; Jure Pohar; Ružica Butigan; Miljan Cvetković; Boban Mugosa; Vladimir Kendrovski; Cristina Mora; Dominique Barjolle. 2013. "A cross-cultural segmentation of western Balkan consumers: focus on preferences toward traditional fresh cow cheese." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 93, no. 14: 3464-3472.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2012 in TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin
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BACKGROUND. The goal of the present paper was to assess the impact of current and future burden of the ambient temperature to pollen distributions in Skopje. METHODS. In the study we have evaluated a correlation between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere of Skopje and maximum temperature, during the vegetation period of 1996, 2003, 2007 and 2009 as a current burden in context of climate change. For our analysis we have selected 9 representative of each phytoallergen group (trees, grasses, weeds). The concentration of pollen grains has been monitored by a Lanzoni volumetric pollen trap. The correlation between the concentration of pollen grains in the atmosphere and selected meteorological variable from weekly monitoring has been studied with the help of linear regression and correlation coefficients. RESULTS. The prevalence of the sensibilization of standard pollen allergens in Skopje during the some period shows increasing from 16,9% in 1996 to 19,8% in 2009. We detect differences in onset of flowering, maximum and end of the length of seasons for pollen. The pollen distributions and risk increases in 3 main periods: early spring, spring and summer which are the main cause of allergies during these seasons. The largest increase of air temperature due to climate change in Skopje is expected in the summer season. CONCLUSION. The impacts of climate change by increasing of the temperature in the next decades very likely will include impacts on pollen production and differences in current pollen season. [TAF Prev Med Bull 2012; 11(1.000): 35-40

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Snežana Milkovska; Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska; Jordan Minov; Margarita Spasenovska; Maria Kisman Hristovska.. The Impacts of Maximum Temperature and Climate Change to Current and Future Pollen Distribution in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 2012, 11, 35 -40.

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Snežana Milkovska, Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska, Jordan Minov, Margarita Spasenovska, Maria Kisman Hristovska.. The Impacts of Maximum Temperature and Climate Change to Current and Future Pollen Distribution in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin. 2012; 11 (1):35-40.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Snežana Milkovska; Jovanka Karadzinska Bislimovska; Jordan Minov; Margarita Spasenovska; Maria Kisman Hristovska.. 2012. "The Impacts of Maximum Temperature and Climate Change to Current and Future Pollen Distribution in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia." TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin 11, no. 1: 35-40.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2011 in Central European Journal of Public Health
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Main objective of the study was to assess the nutritional status of school age Roma children in Macedonia in order to detect precursors of possible health risks at an early age. The study was designed as a comparative case control study. Study...

ACS Style

Igor Spiroski; Zlatanka Dimitrovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Vladimir Mikik; Vesna Efremova-Stefanoska; Daniela Naunova-Spiroska; Vladimir Kendrovski. Nutritional Status and Growth Parameters of School-Age Roma Children in the Republic of Macedonia. Central European Journal of Public Health 2011, 19, 102 -107.

AMA Style

Igor Spiroski, Zlatanka Dimitrovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Vladimir Mikik, Vesna Efremova-Stefanoska, Daniela Naunova-Spiroska, Vladimir Kendrovski. Nutritional Status and Growth Parameters of School-Age Roma Children in the Republic of Macedonia. Central European Journal of Public Health. 2011; 19 (2):102-107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Igor Spiroski; Zlatanka Dimitrovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Vladimir Mikik; Vesna Efremova-Stefanoska; Daniela Naunova-Spiroska; Vladimir Kendrovski. 2011. "Nutritional Status and Growth Parameters of School-Age Roma Children in the Republic of Macedonia." Central European Journal of Public Health 19, no. 2: 102-107.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in North American Journal of Medical Sciences
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Higher temperatures have been associated with higher salmonellosis notifications worldwide. The objective of this paper is to assess the seasonal pattern of Salmonella cases among humans. The relationship between ambient maximum temperature and reports of confirmed cases of Salmonella in the Republic of Macedonia and Skopje during the summer months (i.e. June, July, August and September) beginning in 1998 through 2008 was investigated. The monthly number of reported Salmonella cases and ambient maximum temperatures for Skopje were related to the national number of cases and temperatures recorded during the same timeframe using regression statistical analyses. The Poisson regression model was adapted for the analysis of the data. While a decreasing tendency was registered at the national level, the analysis for Skopje showed an increasing tendency for registration of new salmonella cases. Reported incidents of salmonellosis, were positively associated (P<0.05) with temperature during the summer months. By increasing of the maximum monthly mean temperature of 1° C in Skopje, the salmonellosis incidence increased by 5.2% per month. THE INCIDENCE OF SALMONELLA CASES IN THE MACEDONIAN POPULATION VARIES SEASONALLY: the highest values of the Seasonal Index for Salmonella cases were registered in the summer months, i.e. June, July, August and September.

ACS Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Zarko Karadzovski; Margarita Spasenovska. Ambient maximum temperature as a function of Salmonella food poisoning cases in the Republic of Macedonia. North American Journal of Medical Sciences 2011, 3, 264 -267.

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, Zarko Karadzovski, Margarita Spasenovska. Ambient maximum temperature as a function of Salmonella food poisoning cases in the Republic of Macedonia. North American Journal of Medical Sciences. 2011; 3 (6):264-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; Zarko Karadzovski; Margarita Spasenovska. 2011. "Ambient maximum temperature as a function of Salmonella food poisoning cases in the Republic of Macedonia." North American Journal of Medical Sciences 3, no. 6: 264-267.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2009 in Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
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Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional StudyThe aim of this study was to identify noise exposure indicators during day and night in the city of Skopje and to see if there is an association between these noise exposure indicators and annoyance. We have performed noise measurements and interviewed 510 adult subjects, using a questionnaire, prepared according to the ISO/TS-15666 standard. Average noise level over the day (Lday) was (62±6.45) dB(A) and over night (Lnight) (56±6.52) dB(A). Thirteen percent of subjects reported a high level, and 33.5% moderate level of annoyance. The most annoying noise sources were construction activities (34% of the subjects), road traffic (24%), and leisure/entertainment activities (18%). We found a significant association between exposure to Lday in the range 61 dB(A) to 65 dB(A) and annoyance in the exposed population (chi-square = 86.14; pnight above 46 dB(A). Levels of annoyance in Macedonia are similar to levels in developed European countries. Differences are in the source of noise. This study has shown that environmental noise is a significant hazard in urban environments, and assessment of annoyance may prove a useful tool for town planners and public health policy makers.

ACS Style

Gordana Ristovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Aziz Polozhani; Mihail Kočubovski; Vladimir Kendrovski. Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional Study. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 2009, 60, 349 -355.

AMA Style

Gordana Ristovska, Dragan Gjorgjev, Aziz Polozhani, Mihail Kočubovski, Vladimir Kendrovski. Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional Study. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 2009; 60 (3):349-355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gordana Ristovska; Dragan Gjorgjev; Aziz Polozhani; Mihail Kočubovski; Vladimir Kendrovski. 2009. "Environmental Noise and Annoyance in Adult Population of Skopje: A Cross-Sectional Study." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 60, no. 3: 349-355.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2006 in BMC Public Health
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This study assesses the relationship between daily numbers of deaths and variations in ambient temperature within the city of Skopje, R. Macedonia. The daily number of deaths from all causes, during the period 1996–2000, as well as those deaths from cardiovascular diseases, occurring within the city of Skopje were related to the average daily temperature on the same day using Multiple Regression statistical analyses. Temperature was measured within the regression model as two complementary variables: 'Warm' and 'Cold'. Excess winter mortality was calculated as winter deaths (deaths occurring in December to March) minus the average of non-winter deaths (April to July of the current year and August to November of the previous year). In this study the average daily total of deaths was 7% and 13% greater in the cold when compared to the whole period and warm period respectively. The same relationship was noticed for deaths caused by cardiovascular diseases. The Regression Beta Coefficient (b = -0.19) for the total mortality as a function of the temperature in Skopje during the period 1996–2000 was statistically significant with negative connotation as was the circulatory mortality due to average temperature (statistically significant regression Beta coefficient (b = -0.24)). A measure of this increase is provided, on an annual basis, in the form of the excess winter mortality figure. Mortality with in the city of Skopje displayed a marked seasonality, with peaks in the winter and relative troughs in the summer.

ACS Style

Vladimir T Kendrovski. The impact of ambient temperature on mortality among the urban population in Skopje, Macedonia during the period 1996–2000. BMC Public Health 2006, 6, 44 .

AMA Style

Vladimir T Kendrovski. The impact of ambient temperature on mortality among the urban population in Skopje, Macedonia during the period 1996–2000. BMC Public Health. 2006; 6 (1):44.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir T Kendrovski. 2006. "The impact of ambient temperature on mortality among the urban population in Skopje, Macedonia during the period 1996–2000." BMC Public Health 6, no. 1: 44.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2001 in Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology
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Vladimir Kendrovski; E Stikova; L Kolevska. Contamination of food and agro products in the Republic of Macedonia. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 2001, 52, 1 .

AMA Style

Vladimir Kendrovski, E Stikova, L Kolevska. Contamination of food and agro products in the Republic of Macedonia. Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. 2001; 52 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vladimir Kendrovski; E Stikova; L Kolevska. 2001. "Contamination of food and agro products in the Republic of Macedonia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 52, no. 1: 1.