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Martin Maier
Institute of Earth Science, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 03 March 2021 in Water
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Electrocoagulation (EC) is gaining increased attention for water treatment as it efficiently removes various water contaminants. Therefore, EC was applied to remove arsenic from groundwater of a highly contaminated site in Hamburg, Germany. Groundwater containing 3250 and 14,600 µg/L arsenic, mainly as Arsenite (As(III)), was treated in three different EC batch reactors using a monopolar parallel electrode-configuration. This study focused on iron EC with constant current densities and variable voltage, to investigate the influence of current density, surface to volume ratio, initial arsenic concentration and water volume on the removal of arsenic and the influences on the groundwater composition. Arsenic removal >99.9% was achieved for configurations with high iron dosage after four hours of EC treatment. German drinking water standard for arsenic (<10 µg/L) was obtained after around two hours depending on the applied current densities. Arsenic removal efficiency shows independence from current density, surface to volume ratio, initial concentration and water volume, with respect to the calculated iron dosage. Consequently, the dimensioning and regime of efficient operation of the EC reactor for arsenic removal from groundwater can be calculated solely from the iron dosage determined by the applied current.

ACS Style

Daniel Müller; Charlotte Stirn; Martin Maier. Arsenic Removal from Highly Contaminated Groundwater by Iron Electrocoagulation—Investigation of Process Parameters and Iron Dosage Calculation. Water 2021, 13, 687 .

AMA Style

Daniel Müller, Charlotte Stirn, Martin Maier. Arsenic Removal from Highly Contaminated Groundwater by Iron Electrocoagulation—Investigation of Process Parameters and Iron Dosage Calculation. Water. 2021; 13 (5):687.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Müller; Charlotte Stirn; Martin Maier. 2021. "Arsenic Removal from Highly Contaminated Groundwater by Iron Electrocoagulation—Investigation of Process Parameters and Iron Dosage Calculation." Water 13, no. 5: 687.

Journal article
Published: 12 November 2019 in Water
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Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is commonly remediated by pump and treat. However, this technique is difficult to apply or maintain efficiently because the mobility of arsenic varies depending on the geochemical aquifer conditions. Arsenic interacting with the sediment can cause strong retardation, which is counteracted by ions competing for sedimentary sorption sites like silica, bicarbonate and phosphate. Phosphate competes most effectively with arsenic for sorption sites due to its chemical similarity. To accelerate an ongoing but ineffective pump and treat remediation, we examined the competitive effect of increasing phosphate doses on contaminated aquifer material of different depths and thus under distinct geochemical conditions. In the columns with phosphate addition, significant amounts of arsenic were released rapidly under oxic and anoxic conditions. In all tests, the grade of leaching was higher under anoxic conditions than under oxic conditions. As(III) was the dominant species, in particular during the first release peaks and the anoxic tests. Higher amounts of phosphate did not trigger the arsenic release further and led to a shift of arsenic species. We suggest that the competitive surface complexation is the major process of arsenic release especially when higher amounts of phosphate are used. Commonly arsenic release is described at iron reducing conditions. In contrast, we observed that a change in prevailing redox potential towards manganese reducing conditions in the oxic tests and iron reducing conditions in the anoxic column took place later and thus independently of arsenic release. The reduction of As(V) to As(III) under both redox conditions is presumed to be an effect of microbial detoxification. A loss of sulphate in all columns with phosphate indicates an increased microbial activity, which might play a significant role in the process of arsenic release. Preliminary tests with sediment material from a contaminated site showed that phosphate additions did not change the pH value significantly. Therefore, a release of other metals is not likely. Our results indicate that in-situ application of phosphate amendments to arsenic-contaminated sites could accelerate and enhance arsenic mobility to improve the efficiency of pump and treat remediation without negative side effects. The novelty of this approach is the use of only small amounts of phosphate in order to stimulate microbial activity in addition to surface complexation. Therefore, this method might become an innovative and cost-effective remediation for arsenic contaminated sites.

ACS Style

Martin V. Maier; Yvonne Wolter; Daniel Zentler; Christian Scholz; Charlotte N. Stirn; Margot Isenbeck-Schröter. Phosphate Induced Arsenic Mobilization as a Potentially Effective In-Situ Remediation Technique—Preliminary Column Tests. Water 2019, 11, 2364 .

AMA Style

Martin V. Maier, Yvonne Wolter, Daniel Zentler, Christian Scholz, Charlotte N. Stirn, Margot Isenbeck-Schröter. Phosphate Induced Arsenic Mobilization as a Potentially Effective In-Situ Remediation Technique—Preliminary Column Tests. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2364.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Martin V. Maier; Yvonne Wolter; Daniel Zentler; Christian Scholz; Charlotte N. Stirn; Margot Isenbeck-Schröter. 2019. "Phosphate Induced Arsenic Mobilization as a Potentially Effective In-Situ Remediation Technique—Preliminary Column Tests." Water 11, no. 11: 2364.