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This work implements parametric tools to optimize the environmental design of urban adaptive shadings through multiobjective evolutionary algorithms that look for solutions of dynamic (time-changing) structures used in open public spaces. The proposal is located in Malecon Cancun Tajamar in the southeast part of Mexico, and the main objective is to enhance the thermal comfort of users as well as to become part of the social dynamics of the place reinforcing identity through appropriation. The proposed workflow includes four steps: (1) geometric modelling by parametric modelling tools; (2) simulation of environmental parameters by using BPS tools; (3) shape optimization by using an evolutionary algorithm; and (4) environmental verification of the results. The Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) was used to assess the outdoor thermal comfort derived from the dynamic shadings. The results showed a significant improvement in the thermal comfort with absolute UTCI differences of 3.9, 7.4, and 3.1 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the summer; and absolute differences of 1.4, 3.5, and 2 °C at 8, 12, and 16 h, respectively, during the winter. The proposed workflow can help to guide the early design process of dynamic shadings by finding optimal solutions that enhance outdoor thermal comfort.
Doris Chi; Edwin González M.; Renato Valdivia; Eduardo Gutiérrez J.. Parametric Design and Comfort Optimization of Dynamic Shading Structures. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7670 .
AMA StyleDoris Chi, Edwin González M., Renato Valdivia, Eduardo Gutiérrez J.. Parametric Design and Comfort Optimization of Dynamic Shading Structures. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7670.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDoris Chi; Edwin González M.; Renato Valdivia; Eduardo Gutiérrez J.. 2021. "Parametric Design and Comfort Optimization of Dynamic Shading Structures." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7670.
The ejido system, based on communal land in Mexico, was transformed to private ownership due to neoliberal trends in the 1990s. Based on the theory of stakeholders being agents of change, this study aimed to describe the land policies that changed the ejido system into private development to show how land tenure change is shaping urban growth. To demonstrate this, municipalities of San Andrés Cholula and Santa Clara Ocoyucan were selected as case studies. Within this context, we evaluated how much ejido land is being urbanized due to real estate market forces and what type of urbanization model has been created. These two areas represent different development scales with different stakeholders—San Andrés Cholula, where ejidos were expropriated as part of a regional urban development plan and Santa Clara Ocoyucan, where ejidos and rural land were reached by private developers without local planning. To analyze both municipalities, historical satellite images from Google Earth were used with GRASS GIS 7.4 (Bonn, Germany) and corrected with QGIS 2.18 (Boston, MA, US). We found that privatization of ejidos fragmented and segregated the rural world for the construction of massive gated communities as an effect of a disturbing land tenure change that has occurred over the last 30 years. Hence, this research questions the roles of local authorities in permitting land use changes with no regulations or local planning. The resulting urbanization model is a private sector development that isolates rural communities in their own territories, for which we provide recommendations.
Melissa Schumacher; Pamela Durán-Díaz; Anne Kristiina Kurjenoja; Eduardo Gutiérrez-Juárez; David A. González-Rivas. Evolution and Collapse of Ejidos in Mexico—To What Extent Is Communal Land Used for Urban Development? Land 2019, 8, 146 .
AMA StyleMelissa Schumacher, Pamela Durán-Díaz, Anne Kristiina Kurjenoja, Eduardo Gutiérrez-Juárez, David A. González-Rivas. Evolution and Collapse of Ejidos in Mexico—To What Extent Is Communal Land Used for Urban Development? Land. 2019; 8 (10):146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelissa Schumacher; Pamela Durán-Díaz; Anne Kristiina Kurjenoja; Eduardo Gutiérrez-Juárez; David A. González-Rivas. 2019. "Evolution and Collapse of Ejidos in Mexico—To What Extent Is Communal Land Used for Urban Development?" Land 8, no. 10: 146.