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Outi Priha
Finnish Forest Research Institute, Vantaa, Finland

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Research article
Published: 26 July 2018 in Journal of the Institute of Brewing
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Wort separation is one of the rate‐limiting steps in the brewhouse. It is a complex process, influenced by barley components such as proteins, β‐glucans, residual starch and lipids. Filtration performance may also be influenced by microbial biofilms forming on the outer layers of the grains. This study aimed to identify the main barley‐associated bacteria influencing wort separation efficiency. Next‐generation sequencing was applied to characterise indigenous bacterial communities associated with Overture barley from different geographical locations as well as the bacterial population dynamics during laboratory‐scale malting. In order to study the weakened filtration performance potentially caused by induced bacterial biofilm formation, a small portion of barley (5–12%) was subjected to mild husk damage prior to steeping. The bacterial communities were dominated by Gammaproteobacteria, accounting for >70% of the total bacterial population. Bacterial growth induction significantly decreased wort filtration performance. A content of ~12% of injured grains decreased the rate of wort separation by up to 25%, with over 10% lower extract yields. This study showed that bacteria associated with barley are one of the key factors influencing wort separation. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling

ACS Style

Arja Laitila; Jenny Manninen; Outi Priha; Katherine Smart; Irina Tsitko; Sue James. Characterisation of barley-associated bacteria and their impact on wort separation performance. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2018, 124, 314 -324.

AMA Style

Arja Laitila, Jenny Manninen, Outi Priha, Katherine Smart, Irina Tsitko, Sue James. Characterisation of barley-associated bacteria and their impact on wort separation performance. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 2018; 124 (4):314-324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arja Laitila; Jenny Manninen; Outi Priha; Katherine Smart; Irina Tsitko; Sue James. 2018. "Characterisation of barley-associated bacteria and their impact on wort separation performance." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 124, no. 4: 314-324.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2016 in Materials
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Cooling systems remove heat from components and industrial equipment. Water cooling, employing natural waters, is typically used for cooling large industrial facilities, such as power plants, factories or refineries. Due to moderate temperatures, cooling water cycles are susceptible to biofouling, inorganic fouling and scaling, which may reduce heat transfer and enhance corrosion. Hypochlorite treatment or antifouling coatings are used to prevent biological fouling in these systems. In this research, we examine biofouling and materials’ degradation in a brackish seawater environment using a range of test materials, both uncoated and coated. The fouling and corrosion resistance of titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), super austenitic stainless steel (254SMO) and epoxy-coated carbon steel (Intershield Inerta160) were studied in the absence and presence of hypochlorite. Our results demonstrate that biological fouling is intensive in cooling systems using brackish seawater in sub-arctic areas. The microfouling comprised a vast diversity of bacteria, archaea, fungi, algae and protozoa. Chlorination was effective against biological fouling: up to a 10–1000-fold decrease in bacterial and archaeal numbers was detected. Chlorination also changed the diversity of the biofilm-forming community. Nevertheless, our results also suggest that chlorination enhances cracking of the epoxy coating.

ACS Style

Pauliina Rajala; Malin Bomberg; Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta; Outi Priha; Mikko Tausa; Leena Carpén. Influence of Chlorination and Choice of Materials on Fouling in Cooling Water System under Brackish Seawater Conditions. Materials 2016, 9, 475 .

AMA Style

Pauliina Rajala, Malin Bomberg, Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta, Outi Priha, Mikko Tausa, Leena Carpén. Influence of Chlorination and Choice of Materials on Fouling in Cooling Water System under Brackish Seawater Conditions. Materials. 2016; 9 (6):475.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pauliina Rajala; Malin Bomberg; Elina Huttunen-Saarivirta; Outi Priha; Mikko Tausa; Leena Carpén. 2016. "Influence of Chlorination and Choice of Materials on Fouling in Cooling Water System under Brackish Seawater Conditions." Materials 9, no. 6: 475.

Articles
Published: 29 March 2016 in Biofouling
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Due to the presence of moisture and nutrients, brewery filling line surfaces are susceptible to unwanted microbial attachment. Knowledge of the attaching microbes will aid in designing hygienic control of the process. In this study the bacterial diversity present on brewery filling line surfaces was revealed by next generation sequencing. The two filling lines studied maintained their characteristic bacterial community throughout three sampling times (13-163 days). On the glass bottle line, γ-proteobacteria dominated (35-82% of all OTUs), whereas on the canning line α-, β- and γ-proteobacteria and actinobacteria were most common. The most frequently detected genera were Acinetobacter, Propinobacterium and Pseudomonas. The halophilic genus Halomonas was commonly detected, which might be due to its tolerance to alkaline foam cleaners. This study has revealed a detailed overall picture of the bacterial groups present on filling line surfaces. Further effort should be given to determine the efficacy of washing procedures on different bacterial groups.

ACS Style

Outi Priha; Mari Raulio; Johanna Maukonen; Anna-Kaisa Vehviläinen; Erna Storgårds. Bacterial populations on brewery filling hall surfaces as revealed by next-generation sequencing. Biofouling 2016, 32, 571 -581.

AMA Style

Outi Priha, Mari Raulio, Johanna Maukonen, Anna-Kaisa Vehviläinen, Erna Storgårds. Bacterial populations on brewery filling hall surfaces as revealed by next-generation sequencing. Biofouling. 2016; 32 (5):571-581.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Outi Priha; Mari Raulio; Johanna Maukonen; Anna-Kaisa Vehviläinen; Erna Storgårds. 2016. "Bacterial populations on brewery filling hall surfaces as revealed by next-generation sequencing." Biofouling 32, no. 5: 571-581.

Journal article
Published: 15 July 2014 in Coatings
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TiO2 coatings deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering and spray coating methods, as well as Ag- and Mo-doped TiO2 coatings were investigated as self-cleaning surfaces for beverage processing. The mechanical resistance and retention of the photocatalytic properties of the coatings were investigated over a three-month period in three separate breweries. TiO2 coatings deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering showed better mechanical durability than the spray coated surfaces, whilst the spray-deposited coating showed enhanced retention of photocatalytic properties. The presence of Ag and Mo dopants improved the photocatalytic properties of TiO2 as well as the retention of these properties. The spray-coated TiO2 was the only coating which showed light-induced hydrophilicity, which was retained in the coatings surviving the process conditions.

ACS Style

Parnia Navabpour; Soheyla Ostovarpour; Carin Tattershall; Kevin Cooke; Peter Kelly; Joanna Verran; Kathryn Whitehead; Claire Hill; Mari Raulio; Outi Priha. Photocatalytic TiO2 and Doped TiO2 Coatings to Improve the Hygiene of Surfaces Used in Food and Beverage Processing—A Study of the Physical and Chemical Resistance of the Coatings. Coatings 2014, 4, 433 -449.

AMA Style

Parnia Navabpour, Soheyla Ostovarpour, Carin Tattershall, Kevin Cooke, Peter Kelly, Joanna Verran, Kathryn Whitehead, Claire Hill, Mari Raulio, Outi Priha. Photocatalytic TiO2 and Doped TiO2 Coatings to Improve the Hygiene of Surfaces Used in Food and Beverage Processing—A Study of the Physical and Chemical Resistance of the Coatings. Coatings. 2014; 4 (3):433-449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Parnia Navabpour; Soheyla Ostovarpour; Carin Tattershall; Kevin Cooke; Peter Kelly; Joanna Verran; Kathryn Whitehead; Claire Hill; Mari Raulio; Outi Priha. 2014. "Photocatalytic TiO2 and Doped TiO2 Coatings to Improve the Hygiene of Surfaces Used in Food and Beverage Processing—A Study of the Physical and Chemical Resistance of the Coatings." Coatings 4, no. 3: 433-449.

Journal article
Published: 19 June 2014 in Current Microbiology
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Bacteria use quorum sensing signalling in various functions, e.g. while forming biofilms, and inhibition of this signalling could be one way to control biofilm formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the production of signalling molecules and its correlation with the biofilm formation capability of bacteria isolated from brewery filling process. A further aim was to study berry extracts and wood-derived terpenes for their possible quorum sensing inhibitory effects. Out of the twenty bacteria studied, five produced short-chain and five long-chain AHL (acyl homoserine lactone) signalling molecules when tested with the Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 reporter bacterium. Production of AI-2 (autoinducer-2) signalling molecules was detected from nine strains with the Vibrio harveyi BB170 bioassay. Over half of the strains produced biofilm in the microtitre plate assay, but the production of AHL and AI-2 signalling molecules and biofilm formation capability did not directly correlate with each other. Out of the 13 berry extracts and wood-derived terpenes screened, four compounds decreased AHL signalling without effect on growth. These were betulin, raspberry extract and two cloudberry extracts. The effect of these compounds on biofilm formation of the selected six bacterial strains varied. The phenolic extract of freeze-dried cloudberry fruit caused a statistically significant reduction of biofilm formation of Obesumbacterium proteus strain. Further experiments should aim at identifying the active compounds and revealing whether quorum sensing inhibition causes structural changes in the biofilms formed.

ACS Style

O. Priha; V. Virkajärvi; R. Juvonen; R. Puupponen-Pimiä; L. Nohynek; S. Alakurtti; M. Pirttimaa; E. Storgårds. Quorum Sensing Signalling and Biofilm Formation of Brewery-Derived Bacteria, and Inhibition of Signalling by Natural Compounds. Current Microbiology 2014, 69, 617 -627.

AMA Style

O. Priha, V. Virkajärvi, R. Juvonen, R. Puupponen-Pimiä, L. Nohynek, S. Alakurtti, M. Pirttimaa, E. Storgårds. Quorum Sensing Signalling and Biofilm Formation of Brewery-Derived Bacteria, and Inhibition of Signalling by Natural Compounds. Current Microbiology. 2014; 69 (5):617-627.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Priha; V. Virkajärvi; R. Juvonen; R. Puupponen-Pimiä; L. Nohynek; S. Alakurtti; M. Pirttimaa; E. Storgårds. 2014. "Quorum Sensing Signalling and Biofilm Formation of Brewery-Derived Bacteria, and Inhibition of Signalling by Natural Compounds." Current Microbiology 69, no. 5: 617-627.

Journal article
Published: 21 June 2013 in Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) participate in microbially induced corrosion (MIC) of equipment and H2S-driven reservoir souring in oil field sites. Successful management of industrial processes requires methods that allow robust monitoring of microbial communities. This study investigated the applicability of denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) targeting the dissimilatory sulfite reductase ß-subunit (dsrB) gene for monitoring SRB communities in oil field samples from the North Sea, the United States, and Brazil. Fifteen of the 28 screened samples gave a positive result in real-time PCR assays, containing 9 × 101to 6 × 105dsrBgene copies ml−1. DHPLC and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) community profiles of the PCR-positive samples shared an overall similarity; both methods revealed the same samples to have the lowest and highest diversity. The SRB communities were diverse, and differentdsrBcompositions were detected at different geographical locations. The identifieddsrBgene sequences belonged to several phylogenetic groups, such asDesulfovibrio,Desulfococcus,Desulfomicrobium,Desulfobulbus,Desulfotignum,Desulfonatronovibrio, andDesulfonauticus. DHPLC showed an advantage over DGGE in that the community profiles were very reproducible from run to run, and the resolved gene fragments could be collected using an automated fraction collector and sequenced without a further purification step. DGGE, on the other hand, included casting of gradient gels, and several rounds of rerunning, excising, and reamplification of bands were needed for successful sequencing. In summary, DHPLC proved to be a suitable tool for routine monitoring of the diversity of SRB communities in oil field samples.

ACS Style

Outi Priha; Mari Nyyssönen; Malin Bomberg; Arja Laitila; Jaakko Simell; Anu Kapanen; Riikka Juvonen. Application of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Monitoring Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil Fields. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2013, 79, 5186 -5196.

AMA Style

Outi Priha, Mari Nyyssönen, Malin Bomberg, Arja Laitila, Jaakko Simell, Anu Kapanen, Riikka Juvonen. Application of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Monitoring Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil Fields. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2013; 79 (17):5186-5196.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Outi Priha; Mari Nyyssönen; Malin Bomberg; Arja Laitila; Jaakko Simell; Anu Kapanen; Riikka Juvonen. 2013. "Application of Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Monitoring Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria in Oil Fields." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 79, no. 17: 5186-5196.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2011 in Journal of Food Protection
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The aim of this study was to determine whether process hygiene in the beverage industry could be improved by applying new coating techniques to process surfaces. Photocatalytic titanium dioxide (TiO2) and hydrophobic coatings applied to stainless steel with or without added antimicrobial compounds were studied in laboratory attachment tests and in a 15-month process study. No clear reductions in numbers of attached microbes were obtained with photocatalytic coatings, except for coatings to which silver had been added. These TiO2+Ag coatings reduced microbial coverage in laboratory studies and in some process samples. Hydrophobic coatings reduced the area coverage of microorganisms in 4-h laboratory studies but did not affect colony counts in laboratory or process studies. The surfaces had changed from hydrophobic into hydrophilic during the process study. The coatings did not mechanically fully withstand process conditions; part of the hydrophobic coatings had peeled off, most of the precipitated Ag had dissolved, and some of the TiO2 coatings were damaged. In conclusion, functional coatings have potential for reducing microbial loads on beverage industry surfaces, but these coatings need further development.

ACS Style

O. Priha; Jarmo Laakso; K. Tapani; Erkki Levänen; M. Kolari; T. Mäntylä; E. Storgårds. Effect of Photocatalytic and Hydrophobic Coatings on Brewery Surface Microorganisms. Journal of Food Protection 2011, 74, 1891 -1901.

AMA Style

O. Priha, Jarmo Laakso, K. Tapani, Erkki Levänen, M. Kolari, T. Mäntylä, E. Storgårds. Effect of Photocatalytic and Hydrophobic Coatings on Brewery Surface Microorganisms. Journal of Food Protection. 2011; 74 (11):1891-1901.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Priha; Jarmo Laakso; K. Tapani; Erkki Levänen; M. Kolari; T. Mäntylä; E. Storgårds. 2011. "Effect of Photocatalytic and Hydrophobic Coatings on Brewery Surface Microorganisms." Journal of Food Protection 74, no. 11: 1891-1901.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Journal of the Institute of Brewing
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The aim of this study was to find out whether the first bacterial colonizers of brewery process surfaces after washing produce acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing signalling molecules. Microbial attachment and biofilm formation was studied by mounting sterile uncoated and coated stainless steel coupons onto critical places of the filling machines in three breweries. In the present study 26 previously deposited bacterial strains, as well as approximately 2,300 colonies from 76 process surface samples, were screened using reporter bacteria Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTLR4. AHL‐producing bacteria were detected both from process samples and among the previous isolates. From the process samples, up to 15% of the screened colonies produced AHL molecules. Production of long chain AHLs was more common than short chain AHLs. The identified AHL‐producing isolates belonged to the genera Pseudomonas, Serratia, Hafnia, Rahnella, Enterobacter and Aeromonas, which all belong to commonly found primary colonizers of brewery process surfaces. The same microbial genera producing AHL molecules were found from different breweries. Brewery filling equipment is susceptible to microbial attachment and accumulation on surfaces. In the future, inhibition of quorum sensing could be one additional way of controlling biofilm formation.

ACS Style

O. Priha; R. Juvonen; K. Tapani; E. Storgårds. Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production of Brewery Process Surface Bacteria. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2011, 117, 182 -187.

AMA Style

O. Priha, R. Juvonen, K. Tapani, E. Storgårds. Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production of Brewery Process Surface Bacteria. Journal of the Institute of Brewing. 2011; 117 (2):182-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

O. Priha; R. Juvonen; K. Tapani; E. Storgårds. 2011. "Acyl Homoserine Lactone Production of Brewery Process Surface Bacteria." Journal of the Institute of Brewing 117, no. 2: 182-187.

Journal article
Published: 26 May 2009 in Indoor Air
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In this study the dominant filamentous actinobacteria occurring in water-damaged building materials were detected by culture and characterized by automated ribotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Fifty-two samples were taken from 20 water-damaged houses in four different countries. A total of 122 bacterial isolates were analyzed. Actinobacteria or thermoactinomycetes were present in 48% of the samples. The dominant genus was Streptomyces (58% of isolates), followed by Thermoactinomyces (23%), Laceyella (14%), Nocardiopsis (3%), Pseudonocardia (1%) and Saccharomonospora (1%). The most frequently detected species was the thermophilic Thermoactinomyces vulgaris (14 samples/4 countries). The most common streptomycetes were closely related to the heterogeneous species Streptomyces microflavus (7/2) or Streptomyces griseus (6/2). Automated ribotyping was a rapid tool for reliable characterization of these isolates. The spores of thermoactinomycetes and toxic substances of Nocardiopsis species and S. griseus may constitute a risk for human health.Harmful microbes in indoor environments are a cause of public concern. To develop rapid and simple-to-use molecular biological methods to detect the presence of harmful actinobacterial species in water-damaged buildings more information about their occurrence in those materials is needed, which this study provides.

ACS Style

M.-L. Suihko; O. Priha; H.-L. Alakomi; P. Thompson; B. Mälarstig; R. Stott; M. Richardson. Detection and molecular characterization of filamentous actinobacteria and thermoactinomycetes present in water-damaged building materials. Indoor Air 2009, 19, 268 -277.

AMA Style

M.-L. Suihko, O. Priha, H.-L. Alakomi, P. Thompson, B. Mälarstig, R. Stott, M. Richardson. Detection and molecular characterization of filamentous actinobacteria and thermoactinomycetes present in water-damaged building materials. Indoor Air. 2009; 19 (3):268-277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.-L. Suihko; O. Priha; H.-L. Alakomi; P. Thompson; B. Mälarstig; R. Stott; M. Richardson. 2009. "Detection and molecular characterization of filamentous actinobacteria and thermoactinomycetes present in water-damaged building materials." Indoor Air 19, no. 3: 268-277.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2004 in Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology
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The aim of this study was to develop a PCR-based rapid method to detect Bacillus cereus group cells from paper and cardboard. Primers targeting the 16S rDNA and real-time PCR with SYBR green I detection were used in order to be able to also quantify the target. Both autoclaved cardboard samples spiked with B. cereus vegetative cells or spores and naturally contaminated paper and cardboard samples were studied. Results were compared with culturing verified by commercial (API) tests. Several different methods were tested for DNA isolation from the paper and cardboard samples. Two commercial kits intended for soils, the UltraClean soil DNA kit and the FastDNA spin kit for soil, gave the most reproducible results. In spiked samples, the average yield was 50% of added vegetative cells, but spore yield was only about 10%. PCR results from adding vegetative cells correlated with added colony-forming unit (cfu) values (r=0.93, P <0.001) in the range 100–10,000 cfu g−1. Three out of nine studied paper and cardboard samples contained B. cereus group bacteria, based both on culturing and real-time PCR. The numbers were 102–103 bacteria g−1; and PCR gave somewhat higher results than culturing. Thus, real-time PCR can be used as a rapid semi-quantitative method to screen paper and cardboard samples for contamination with B. cereus group bacteria.

ACS Style

Outi Priha; Katri Hallamaa; Maria Saarela; Laura Raaska. Detection of Bacillus cereus group bacteria from cardboard and paper with real-time PCR. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 2004, 31, 161 -169.

AMA Style

Outi Priha, Katri Hallamaa, Maria Saarela, Laura Raaska. Detection of Bacillus cereus group bacteria from cardboard and paper with real-time PCR. Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2004; 31 (4):161-169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Outi Priha; Katri Hallamaa; Maria Saarela; Laura Raaska. 2004. "Detection of Bacillus cereus group bacteria from cardboard and paper with real-time PCR." Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology 31, no. 4: 161-169.

Short communication
Published: 08 April 2003 in Biology and Fertility of Soils
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Short-term competition between soil microbes and seedlings of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) for N was assessed in a pot study using (15NH4)2SO4 as a tracer. Seedlings were grown in organic and mineral soil, collected from a podsol soil; 3.18 mg (15NH4)2SO4 per pot were injected into the soil, corresponding to 4 µg 15N g-1 d.m. (dry matter) mineral soil and 17 µg 15N g-1 d.m. organic soil. The amounts of N and 15N in the seedlings and in microbial biomass derived from fumigation-extraction were measured 48 h after addition of 15N. In the mineral soil, 19–30% of the added 15N was found in the plants and 14–20% in the microbial biomass. There were no statistically significant differences between the tree species. In the organic soil, 74% of the added 15N was recovered in the microbial biomass in birch soil, compared to 26% and 17% in pine and spruce soils, respectively. Correspondingly, about 70% of the 15N was recovered in pine and spruce seedlings, and only 23% in birch seedlings. In conclusion, plants generally competed more successfully for added 15NH4+ than soil microbes did. An exception was birch growing in organic soil, where the greater amount of available C from birch root exudates perhaps enabled micro-organisms to utilise more N.

ACS Style

Outi Priha; Aino Smolander. Short-term uptake of 15NH4 + into soil microbes and seedlings of pine, spruce and birch in potted soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils 2003, 37, 324 -327.

AMA Style

Outi Priha, Aino Smolander. Short-term uptake of 15NH4 + into soil microbes and seedlings of pine, spruce and birch in potted soils. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2003; 37 (5):324-327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Outi Priha; Aino Smolander. 2003. "Short-term uptake of 15NH4 + into soil microbes and seedlings of pine, spruce and birch in potted soils." Biology and Fertility of Soils 37, no. 5: 324-327.