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Clive Hambler
University of Oxford

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Preprint content
Published: 28 May 2021
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1) Globally-representative monthly rates of change of atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane are compared with global rates of change of sea ice and with Arctic and Antarctic air temperatures. 2) Carbon dioxide is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the carbon dioxide rate at Mauna Loa lagging sea ice extent rate by 7 months. 3) Methane is very strongly correlated with sea ice dynamics, with the global (and Mauna Loa) methane rate lagging sea ice extent rate by 5 months. 4) Sea ice melt rate peaks in very tight synchrony with temperature in each Hemisphere. 5) The very high synchrony of the two gases is most parsimoniously explained by a common causality acting in both Hemispheres. 6) Time lags between variables indicate primary drivers of the gas dynamics are due to solar action on the polar regions, not mid-latitudes as is conventionally believed. 7) Results are consistent with a proposed role of a high-latitude temperature-dependent abiotic variable such as sea ice in the annual cycles of carbon dioxide and methane. 8) If sea ice does not drive the net flux of these gases, it is a highly precise proxy for whatever does. 9) Potential mechanisms should be investigated urgently.

ACS Style

Clive Hambler; Peter A. Henderson. Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Clive Hambler, Peter A. Henderson. Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clive Hambler; Peter A. Henderson. 2021. "Temperature, carbon dioxide and methane." , no. : 1.

Commentary
Published: 11 December 2019 in Animals
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Human activity affecting the welfare of wild vertebrates, widely accepted to be sentient, and therefore deserving of moral concern, is widespread. A variety of motives lead to the killing of individual wild animals. These include to provide food, to protect stock and other human interests, and also for sport. The acceptability of such killing is widely believed to vary with the motive and method. Individual vertebrates are also killed by conservationists. Whether securing conservation goals is an adequate reason for such killing has recently been challenged. Conventional conservation practice has tended to prioritise ecological collectives, such as populations and species, when their interests conflict with those of individuals. Supporters of the ‘Compassionate Conservation’ movement argue both that conservationists have neglected animal welfare when such conflicts arise and that no killing for conservation is justified. We counter that conservationists increasingly seek to adhere to high standards of welfare, and that the extreme position advocated by some supporters of ‘Compassionate Conservation’, rooted in virtue ethics, would, if widely accepted, lead to considerable negative effects for conservation. Conservation practice cannot afford to neglect consequences. Moreover, the do-no-harm maxim does not always lead to better outcomes for animal welfare.

ACS Style

Paul J. Johnson; Vanessa M. Adams; Doug P. Armstrong; Sandra E. Baker; Duan Biggs; Luigi Boitani; Alayne Cotterill; Emma Dale; Holly O’Donnell; Armstrong Doug; Egil Droge; John G. Ewen; Ruth E. Feber; Piero Genovesi; Clive Hambler; Bart J. Harmsen; Lauren A. Harrington; Amy Hinks; Joelene Hughes; Lydia Katsis; Andrew Loveridge; Axel Moehrenschlager; Christopher O’Kane; Meshach Pierre; Steve Redpath; Lovemore Sibanda; Pritpal Soorae; Mark Stanley Price; Peter Tyrrell; Alexandra Zimmermann; Amy Dickman. Consequences Matter: Compassion in Conservation Means Caring for Individuals, Populations and Species. Animals 2019, 9, 1115 .

AMA Style

Paul J. Johnson, Vanessa M. Adams, Doug P. Armstrong, Sandra E. Baker, Duan Biggs, Luigi Boitani, Alayne Cotterill, Emma Dale, Holly O’Donnell, Armstrong Doug, Egil Droge, John G. Ewen, Ruth E. Feber, Piero Genovesi, Clive Hambler, Bart J. Harmsen, Lauren A. Harrington, Amy Hinks, Joelene Hughes, Lydia Katsis, Andrew Loveridge, Axel Moehrenschlager, Christopher O’Kane, Meshach Pierre, Steve Redpath, Lovemore Sibanda, Pritpal Soorae, Mark Stanley Price, Peter Tyrrell, Alexandra Zimmermann, Amy Dickman. Consequences Matter: Compassion in Conservation Means Caring for Individuals, Populations and Species. Animals. 2019; 9 (12):1115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paul J. Johnson; Vanessa M. Adams; Doug P. Armstrong; Sandra E. Baker; Duan Biggs; Luigi Boitani; Alayne Cotterill; Emma Dale; Holly O’Donnell; Armstrong Doug; Egil Droge; John G. Ewen; Ruth E. Feber; Piero Genovesi; Clive Hambler; Bart J. Harmsen; Lauren A. Harrington; Amy Hinks; Joelene Hughes; Lydia Katsis; Andrew Loveridge; Axel Moehrenschlager; Christopher O’Kane; Meshach Pierre; Steve Redpath; Lovemore Sibanda; Pritpal Soorae; Mark Stanley Price; Peter Tyrrell; Alexandra Zimmermann; Amy Dickman. 2019. "Consequences Matter: Compassion in Conservation Means Caring for Individuals, Populations and Species." Animals 9, no. 12: 1115.

Letters
Published: 13 August 2004 in Science
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ACS Style

Clive Hambler. Virgin Rainforests and Conservation. Science 2004, 305, 943b -944b.

AMA Style

Clive Hambler. Virgin Rainforests and Conservation. Science. 2004; 305 (5686):943b-944b.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Clive Hambler. 2004. "Virgin Rainforests and Conservation." Science 305, no. 5686: 943b-944b.