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Purpose: There has been a recent surge in interest in mental health and how to improve individuals’ health-related quality of life. Mental health management using mobile apps can be a useful intervention method. The development and application of verified and highly efficient apps for mental health and stress management are needed. We developed healing programs and verified their effectiveness based on apps designed to promote adult mental health. Methods: We conducted a one-group pretest-posttest study in which 85 participants used the app for 12 weeks. We assessed its effects on participants’ stress (perceived stress scale, effort–reward imbalance, and photoplethysmogram (PPG)), anxiety, depression, emotional labor, and well-being. Results: The stress survey results post-intervention increased or stayed the same; however, the PPG results decreased (p = 0.002) after using the app. Depression (p = 0.043) and anxiety (p = 0.003) also decreased; however, emotional labor and well-being remained unchanged. The awareness of, knowledge of, and attitude toward mental health management all increased post-intervention. Discussion: The developed mobile app was an efficient and highly accessible way to promote mental health. However, the app requires modification and supplementation for continual use. Additionally, ongoing research concerning the study, evaluation, and integration of mobile apps is required.
Won Hwang; Hyun Jo. Development and Effects of Cognitive Behavior-Based Healing Programs Using Mobile Apps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3334 .
AMA StyleWon Hwang, Hyun Jo. Development and Effects of Cognitive Behavior-Based Healing Programs Using Mobile Apps. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (7):3334.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Hwang; Hyun Jo. 2021. "Development and Effects of Cognitive Behavior-Based Healing Programs Using Mobile Apps." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7: 3334.
Background: Scoping reviews of the literature on the development and application of mental health apps based on theoretical suggestions are lacking. This study systematically examines studies on the effects and results of mental health mobile apps for the general adult population. Methods: Following PICOs (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, study design), a general form of scoping review was adopted. From January 2010 to December 2019, we selected the effects of mental health-related apps and intervention programs provided by mobile to the general adult population over the age of 18. Additionally, evaluation of methodological quality was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) checklist. Results: Fourteen studies were analyzed of 1205 that were identified; duplicate and matching studies were excluded. One was a descriptive study and 13 were experimental, of which randomized control trials (RCTs) accounted for 71.4%. Four of the mobile apps were developed based on cognitive behavior theory, one based on stress theory, and one on ecological instant intervention theory. These apps included breathing training, meditation, and music therapy. Stress, depression, and anxiety decreased using these apps, and some were effective for well-being. Conclusion: With the rapid development of technology related to mental health, many mobile apps are developed, but apps based on theoretical knowledge and well-designed research are lacking. Further research and practices should be conducted to develop, test, and disseminate evidence-based mHealth for mental health promotion. RCT studies are needed to expand the application to mental health services to various populations.
Won Hwang; Ji Ha; Mi Kim. Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 2459 .
AMA StyleWon Hwang, Ji Ha, Mi Kim. Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (5):2459.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Hwang; Ji Ha; Mi Kim. 2021. "Research Trends on Mobile Mental Health Application for General Population: A Scoping Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5: 2459.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a yoga program provided to workers in small businesses to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. A nonequivalent control group pre/post-test design was used. The experimental group (n = 31) was assigned a yoga program consisting of yoga postures designed for meditation, strengthening, stretching, and balancing, given twice weekly for 12 weeks. The control group (n = 38) was given no other intervention. The mean age was 48.1 years old in the experimental group and 47.7 years old in the control group. Three trained investigators collected the questionnaires and one month after completing the 12-week yoga program, the same questionnaires that were administered at baseline were again administered. Psychosocial variables (depressive symptoms and job stress), health promotion behaviors, and body measurements (weight and waist circumference) were measured for the program evaluation. The yoga program was effective in improving waist circumference (from 81.8 to 79.2, p < 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (from 81.0 to 79.1, p = 0.004) as compared to the control group. Furthermore, the experimental group’s job stress score decreased from 1.38 to 1.02, but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.240). A yoga program could be a useful intervention for workers with CVD risk factors, but it was not effective in psychological factors such as job stress and depression. A long-term intervention approach is important to confirm the psychosocial effect. Therefore, future research is needed to investigate the long-term outcomes of such interventions.
Won Hwang; Jin Kim; Ji Ha. Effects of a Yoga Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Workers of Small Workplaces: A Pilot Test. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10038 .
AMA StyleWon Hwang, Jin Kim, Ji Ha. Effects of a Yoga Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Workers of Small Workplaces: A Pilot Test. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (23):10038.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Hwang; Jin Kim; Ji Ha. 2020. "Effects of a Yoga Program in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Workers of Small Workplaces: A Pilot Test." Sustainability 12, no. 23: 10038.
(1) Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of emotional labor and workplace violence on sleep disturbance, depression, and health status in workers. (2) Methods: Data from 34,742 participants of the 2011–2014 Korean Working Conditions Survey were included in this study. We compared the incidence of sleep disturbance, depression, and health status according to emotional labor and workplace violence and used logistic regression to analyze factors that affect health status. (3) Results: Emotional laborers were more likely to experience sleep disturbance, depression and anxiety, and muscle pain. Workers who have experienced workplace violence were more likely to experience depression and anxiety, abdominal pain, and sleep disturbance. (4) Conclusion: Emotional labor and workplace violence have a grave impact on physical and mental health, with particularly greater effects on mental health. In addition, workplace violence has a greater health impact than emotional labor. The findings of this study suggest the need to implement programs that stabilize and heal workers who have experienced emotional labor and to enforce regulations and policies to protect workers from verbal and physical abuse.
Won Ju Hwang; Hye Kyung Yang; Ji Hye Kim. What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 8019 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Hye Kyung Yang, Ji Hye Kim. What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (21):8019.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Hye Kyung Yang; Ji Hye Kim. 2020. "What Are the Experiences of Emotional Labor and Workplace Violence that Are More Harmful to Health in Korean Workforce?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21: 8019.
Contextual factors are associated with risks of cardiovascular disease (CVD) perceived by personnel employed in small–medium-sized workplaces. In an ecological model, data collection and analysis were undertaken, stratified by intrapersonal, interpersonal, and organizational contexts of blue-collar workers. Data were collected in face-to-face (n = 36) and focus group (n = 4) interviews and subjected to qualitative content analysis, to generate three main themes, 10 generic categories and 18 sub-categories. At the intrapersonal level, “physical burden”, “burn out due to overtime work”, “no time to take care of health because of family responsibility”, and “lack of recognition and knowledge of CVD risks” were derived from the individual interviews. At the interpersonal level, “stress of possible job losses”, “dislike of stigmatization of unhealthy persons”, “smoking and drinking to reduce relationship stress”, and “unhealthy work environment” differed by level of risk perception. “Preferred economic value” and “lack of understanding about importance of CVD management of an employer” emerged at the organizational level. Factors that influence CVD risks among workers in small–medium-sized business were present at the multiple levels. Therefore, healthcare providers in the field of occupational health should consider CVD risks in the context of blue-collar workers and organizational level for health-promotion programs.
Jin Ah Kim; Won Ju Hwang; Juhye Jin. An Exploration of Contextual Aspects that Influence Cardiovascular Disease Risks Perceived by Workers in a Small–Medium-Sized Workplace. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 5155 .
AMA StyleJin Ah Kim, Won Ju Hwang, Juhye Jin. An Exploration of Contextual Aspects that Influence Cardiovascular Disease Risks Perceived by Workers in a Small–Medium-Sized Workplace. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (14):5155.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Ah Kim; Won Ju Hwang; Juhye Jin. 2020. "An Exploration of Contextual Aspects that Influence Cardiovascular Disease Risks Perceived by Workers in a Small–Medium-Sized Workplace." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 14: 5155.
Purpose: With globalization, the importance of global health is being stressed. Although nurses are indispensable healthcare professionals, programs to develop nurses with global health competencies and relevant studies are rare. Accordingly, this study was designed to develop a program to increase global health competencies and global leadership in nursing students and test its effect. Methods: A single group pre- and post-test study design was used. A 13-weeks program was developed and implemented with 204 students. Data were analyzed using paired t-test. The program to promote global health competencies was designed to improve nursing students' knowledge of global health, global leadership, global health competencies, critical thinking ability, and student-student partnership. Results: Global health competencies (t = −19.96, p < 0.001), self-assessed global leadership (t = −7.67, p < 0.001), and critical thinking ability (t = −7.67, p < 0.001) all significantly increased. Discussion: The study findings of increased global health competencies and global leadership in nursing students after participation in the program indicated ways in which global health competencies of nurses need to be developed. Therefore, the following aspects should be considered. First, nursing educators should understand the need and importance of global health education and accordingly, current nursing curriculums should be revised to include courses about global health. A systematic course of studies about global health should be developed and implemented based on discussions among experts and researchers. Second, as future health care professionals, nursing students should take an interest in global health problems and recognize various issues that need to be solved beyond borders between countries. To develop global health competencies, various efforts and systematic curriculum revisions are necessary.
Won Ju Hwang; Hyun Hee Jo. Development and Application of a Program for Reinforcing Global Health Competencies in University Nursing Students. Frontiers in Public Health 2020, 8, 263 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Hyun Hee Jo. Development and Application of a Program for Reinforcing Global Health Competencies in University Nursing Students. Frontiers in Public Health. 2020; 8 ():263.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Hyun Hee Jo. 2020. "Development and Application of a Program for Reinforcing Global Health Competencies in University Nursing Students." Frontiers in Public Health 8, no. : 263.
This study aimed to evaluate child health needs in South Korea and the country's healthcare system capacities to meet them. A comprehensive needs assessment was performed by reviewing child health programs in Korea, followed by focus group discussions and individual interviews with multiple health experts and practitioners. Analysis of the meeting and interview transcripts were identified seven major domains of child health needs and healthcare system capacities. Comparison of child health needs and healthcare system capacities revealed that a much-needed linkage system between child health resources and preventive healthcare services is lacking. A new government policy to integrate current child health programs with high-quality preventive care is required.
Hyunsook Shin; Kaka Shim; Won Ju Hwang. Unmet Health Needs in Early Childhood in South Korea. Journal of Community Health Nursing 2020, 37, 103 -111.
AMA StyleHyunsook Shin, Kaka Shim, Won Ju Hwang. Unmet Health Needs in Early Childhood in South Korea. Journal of Community Health Nursing. 2020; 37 (2):103-111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyunsook Shin; Kaka Shim; Won Ju Hwang. 2020. "Unmet Health Needs in Early Childhood in South Korea." Journal of Community Health Nursing 37, no. 2: 103-111.
Purpose: Developing and evaluating a simulation scenario for community nursing practicum students.Design: One group, pretest posttest design with 87 nursing students.Methods: Data were collected through questionnaires. The simulation was based on Jeffries' simulation model and used a standardized patient.Findings: Self-efficacy and critical thinking increased with the developed simulation. Positive correlations were identified among critical thinking, learning effectiveness, and self-efficacy.Conclusions: The home-visit simulation scenario was effective in providing students with a problem-solving experience in conditions similar to reality.Clinical Evidence: Further research is needed to develop various types of community simulation scenarios to enhance competency for community health practice.
Won Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim. Development and Evaluation of a Home-visit Simulation Scenario for Elderly People with Diabetes Mellitus Who Live Alone. Journal of Community Health Nursing 2020, 37, 89 -102.
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim. Development and Evaluation of a Home-visit Simulation Scenario for Elderly People with Diabetes Mellitus Who Live Alone. Journal of Community Health Nursing. 2020; 37 (2):89-102.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim. 2020. "Development and Evaluation of a Home-visit Simulation Scenario for Elderly People with Diabetes Mellitus Who Live Alone." Journal of Community Health Nursing 37, no. 2: 89-102.
This study examined the effect of lifestyle interventions on cardiovascular disease risk factors among workers. The study comprised a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Relevant controlled trials were searched, with selections based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Risk of bias was assessed using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN). Of 1174 identified publications, one low-quality study was excluded. Finally, 10 were analyzed. The effect sizes were analyzed for heterogeneity, and random effect models (Hedge’s g) were used. A subgroup analysis was performed on the follow-up point of intervention (≤ 12 months vs. > 12 months). Publication bias was also analyzed. Interventions were effective for systolic (g = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.27-1.60) and diastolic blood pressure (g = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.21–1.06), and BMI (g = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.15-1.11). Interventions were ineffective for weight (g = 0.18, 95% CI: −0.04, 0.40) and LDL-cholesterol (g = 0.46, 95% CI: −0.02, 0.93). There was high heterogeneity between studies (I2 =78.45 to I2 = 94.61). There was no statistically significant publication bias, except for systolic blood pressure. Interventions to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease risk might be effective in improving physical outcomes, but additional high-quality trials are needed in the future.
Won Ju Hwang; Soo Jin Kang. Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 2267 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Soo Jin Kang. Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (7):2267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Soo Jin Kang. 2020. "Interventions to Reduce the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease among Workers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7: 2267.
This study developed and evaluated a health management program based on the participant-centered concept of action research to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among blue collar workers. Data from structured questionnaires completed by 32 workers in a small-to-medium sized workplace from September 2015 to October 2016 as well as participants’ anthropometrical (weight and waist) and biological (blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol) data were analyzed using paired t-test and Fisher’s exact test. To examine the longitudinal effect of the intervention, survival analysis and linear mixed model (LMM) were used. There was an improvement in participants’ self-regulation in maintaining health-promoting behaviors, body weight, blood pressure, and HDL cholesterol following the intervention. Furthermore, the effects of the health management program continued even after the program ended. These findings suggest that the health management program developed in this study could be effective in reducing CVD risk factors among workers in small-to-medium sized workplaces and should be applied to other small-to-medium sized workplaces to foster health-promoting behaviors.
Won Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim. Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4958 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim. Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (24):4958.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim. 2019. "Developing a Health-Promotion Program Based on the Action Research Paradigm to Reduce Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors among Blue Collar Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24: 4958.
Improving mental healthcare using mobile apps might be an effective way to increase interest in mental health and respond to the demand for better psychological health. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of app-based stress-management programs. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an app-based stress-management program. A non-equivalent comparison group pretest-posttest design was used. Participants were randomized into the experimental (n = 26) and control (n = 30) groups. The experimental group used an application developed for workers for four weeks. The results indicated that stress, emotional labor, self-efficacy, and well-being were significantly different in the experimental group, but the control group’s average scores did not change significantly. On average, the Perceived Stress Scale scores decreased by 1.5 points (p = 0.035) and the Korean Occupational Stress Scale scores decreased by 0.87 points (p = 0.4). However, depression and anxiety were not significantly different. Emotional labor decreased by 0.16 points (p = 0.027), and well-being and self-efficacy mean scores increased by 0.492 (p = 0.005) and 0.162 (p = 0.025), respectively. These findings support the developed application’s value for promoting mental health and healthy lifestyles. Further research and supplementation are needed for the application’s sustainability.
Won Ju Hwang; Hyun Hee Jo. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Mobile App-Based Stress-Management Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 4270 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Hyun Hee Jo. Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Mobile App-Based Stress-Management Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (21):4270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Hyun Hee Jo. 2019. "Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Mobile App-Based Stress-Management Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21: 4270.
Older adults face significant loss and limitations in terms of mobility, cognitive ability, and socialization. By using augmented reality and virtual reality technologies they have the potential to overcome such loss and limitations, and to eventually improve their quality of life. However, this group is often excluded in augmented reality and virtual reality deployment. Further, limited studies address their challenges when using augmented reality and virtual reality. Therefore, for a critical review of augmented reality and virtual reality for older adults, we developed a framework to evaluate related factors, including physical, social, and psychological wellbeing. Through the critical review, we identified that most augmented reality and virtual reality studies focus on physical wellbeing of older adults but also make substantial efforts to increase their psychological wellbeing. Fun factors that would motivate them are also extensively considered. Further, social isolation continues to be a significant issue for older adults, but the appropriate content to increase their social wellbeing is insufficient, although many commercial products have been developed. The contribution of the present study is to provide a contextual framework and an evaluation framework for the critical review of augmented reality and virtual reality technologies to promote wellbeing in older adults. This study also suggests the augmented reality and virtual reality research direction for studies on this group by identifying the research gap through the critical review process. Lastly, this study investigates design directions of augmented reality and virtual reality for older adults by introducing challenges and design issues that emerged through the critical review.
Li Na Lee; Mi Jeong Kim; Won Ju Hwang. Potential of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies to Promote Wellbeing in Older Adults. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 3556 .
AMA StyleLi Na Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Won Ju Hwang. Potential of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies to Promote Wellbeing in Older Adults. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (17):3556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Na Lee; Mi Jeong Kim; Won Ju Hwang. 2019. "Potential of Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Technologies to Promote Wellbeing in Older Adults." Applied Sciences 9, no. 17: 3556.
Despite worldwide efforts, maternal and child mortality remains a major health problem in many developing countries. Cambodia’s maternal mortality rate has decreased over recent years through government efforts and support from various international development cooperation agencies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affected the accessibility of Cambodia’s maternal healthcare services. Data from maternal health service surveys conducted in Battambang, Cambodia in 2012 and 2015 were compared and analyzed. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to identify factors related to the accessibility of integrated maternal healthcare service. The travel time to health centers was found to be related to distance from the health center (ß = 0.031, p < 0.001), travel time during the rainy season (ß = 0.166, p < 0.001), and travel cost (ß = 0.001, p < 0.001), with an explanatory power of 27% (R2 = 0.274). Based on these findings, future research and policy should focus on improving accessibility to effective maternal and child healthcare services, to reduce maternal and child mortality. This study is intended to contribute to developing a multi-directional and integrated strategy for access to maternal health services in developing countries.
Won Ju Hwang; Yeon Mi Park. Factors Influencing the Accessibility of Maternal Health Service in Cambodia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2909 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Yeon Mi Park. Factors Influencing the Accessibility of Maternal Health Service in Cambodia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (16):2909.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Yeon Mi Park. 2019. "Factors Influencing the Accessibility of Maternal Health Service in Cambodia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 16: 2909.
Through a numerical analytical approach based on piezoelectric analysis and meta-modeling, this study investigated the effect of the component design of an accelerometer sensor on sensitivity and resonance frequency. The results of the study confirmed that the resonance frequency obtained from the piezoelectric analysis was almost the same as the experimental value of the resonance frequency obtained from the fabricated sensing module and proved the validity of the piezoelectric analysis using a finite element method. Moreover, the results of examining the influence of the component design on the resonance frequency and electrical potential suggested that the diameter and height of the head (seismic mass) had the greatest influence. As the diameter and height of the head increased, the sensitivity increased, but the resonance frequency decreased, which indicates that it is necessary to select an appropriate mass to optimize the sensor performance. In addition, the increase in tail height and epoxy thickness had a positive effect on both the resonance frequency and electric potential, and the base diameter had a negative effect on both of them.
Gyoung-Ja Lee; Won Ju Hwang; Jin-Ju Park; Min-Ku Lee. Study of Sensitive Parameters on the Sensor Performance of a Compression-Type Piezoelectric Accelerometer Based on the Meta-Model. Energies 2019, 12, 1381 .
AMA StyleGyoung-Ja Lee, Won Ju Hwang, Jin-Ju Park, Min-Ku Lee. Study of Sensitive Parameters on the Sensor Performance of a Compression-Type Piezoelectric Accelerometer Based on the Meta-Model. Energies. 2019; 12 (7):1381.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGyoung-Ja Lee; Won Ju Hwang; Jin-Ju Park; Min-Ku Lee. 2019. "Study of Sensitive Parameters on the Sensor Performance of a Compression-Type Piezoelectric Accelerometer Based on the Meta-Model." Energies 12, no. 7: 1381.
The Effort Reward Imbalance tool is a measure of psychosocial work characteristics used to identify work-related stress. The purpose of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the effort-reward imbalance–short form (ERI-SF) in industrial workers. The Korean version of ERI-SF was tested among 250 blue-collar workers. The reliability, content validity, and construct validity with confirmatory factor analysis, as well as interaction terms were analyzed. Reliability assessed by Cronbach’s alpha coefficients were satisfactory for all three subscales: effort 0.75, reward 0.74, and over-commitment 0.72. Confirmatory factor analysis showed an acceptable model fit with the three component theoretical structure (root mean square error of approximation = 0.07, comparative fit index = 0.84). Content validity was assessed with respect to a measure of perceived health. In addition, a significant synergistic interaction of ERI and over-commitment on job strain was found. In conclusion, the ERI-SF demonstrated good psychometric properties with Korean industrial workers. The ERI-SF is ideal for examining work-related stress in the workplace by occupational health professionals. This shorter version makes it easier to administer and score in the occupational health setting.
Won Ju Hwang; Oi Saeng Hong; Dae Ryong Kang. Psychometric Testing of the Effort-Reward Imbalance–Short Form Among Blue-Collar Workers Employed in Small Industrial Settings in Korea. Workplace Health & Safety 2018, 66, 597 -605.
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Oi Saeng Hong, Dae Ryong Kang. Psychometric Testing of the Effort-Reward Imbalance–Short Form Among Blue-Collar Workers Employed in Small Industrial Settings in Korea. Workplace Health & Safety. 2018; 66 (12):597-605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Oi Saeng Hong; Dae Ryong Kang. 2018. "Psychometric Testing of the Effort-Reward Imbalance–Short Form Among Blue-Collar Workers Employed in Small Industrial Settings in Korea." Workplace Health & Safety 66, no. 12: 597-605.
Background: Depression is one of the psychiatric diseases with a high prevalence rate, globally, and reportedly more prevalent among women than among men. Especially, women workers working at traditional markets are in depressive conditions without occupational health services. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors having a significant effect on the depressive symptoms of women workers at traditional markets in South Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional study was used and subjects for the present study were 500 female workers in three selected representative traditional marketplaces in South Korea. Results: The results of hierarchical regression analysis indicated that increased BMI (β = 0.297, p = 0.017), poor nutritional status (β = 0.596, p < 0.001), street vendor status (β = 2.589, p = 0.001), job stress (β = 0.491, p < 0.001), lower back pain (β = 0.377, p = 0.011), lower self-efficacy (β = −0.368, p = 0.002) and diminished family function (β = −0.633, p = 0.001) affected workers’ depressive symptoms. The explanatory power of these variables was 38.5%. Conclusions: Based on these results, future research should focus on incorporating theses significant factors into effective interventions designed to decrease depressive symptoms in this population. Moreover, this study will increase interest in occupational health nursing, particularly in relation to vulnerable social groups, and expand the scope of practice in the field.
Won Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim; Sally H. Rankin. Depressive Symptom and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Female Workers Working at Traditional Markets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2017, 14, 1465 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Sally H. Rankin. Depressive Symptom and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Female Workers Working at Traditional Markets. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2017; 14 (12):1465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim; Sally H. Rankin. 2017. "Depressive Symptom and Related Factors: A Cross-Sectional Study of Korean Female Workers Working at Traditional Markets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 12: 1465.
The purpose of this concept analysis was to clarify the meaning and the attributes of traditional Korean (Hanbang) nursing. Data sources include Academic Search Complete, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, EBSCOhost, PubMed, MEDLINE, and Research Information Sharing Service. We used Walker and Avant's method to analyze the concept of Hanbang nursing. By exploring its common use in the literature, a comprehensive definition of the concept of Hanbang nursing was developed. The results of analyzing the current concept of Hanbang nursing will help provide a better understanding of it and contribute to expanding nursing knowledge and developing of a valid and reliable measurement.
Youngmi Kang; Won Ju Hwang; Jisun Choi. A Concept Analysis of Traditional Korean (Hanbang) Nursing. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge 2017, 30, 4 -11.
AMA StyleYoungmi Kang, Won Ju Hwang, Jisun Choi. A Concept Analysis of Traditional Korean (Hanbang) Nursing. International Journal of Nursing Knowledge. 2017; 30 (1):4-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoungmi Kang; Won Ju Hwang; Jisun Choi. 2017. "A Concept Analysis of Traditional Korean (Hanbang) Nursing." International Journal of Nursing Knowledge 30, no. 1: 4-11.
Won Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim; Hee-Gerl Kim. Women's Health Status Working at Traditional Marketplaces and Their Needs for Public Health Care Services. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 2017, 28, 44 .
AMA StyleWon Ju Hwang, Jin Ah Kim, Hee-Gerl Kim. Women's Health Status Working at Traditional Marketplaces and Their Needs for Public Health Care Services. Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing. 2017; 28 (1):44.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWon Ju Hwang; Jin Ah Kim; Hee-Gerl Kim. 2017. "Women's Health Status Working at Traditional Marketplaces and Their Needs for Public Health Care Services." Journal of Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing 28, no. 1: 44.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a health promotion program to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, using an ecological model, provided to blue-collar workers in South Korea. A pre- and post-test experimental study design was used. Twenty eight blue-collar workers who had at least two metabolic syndrome risk factors participated in the study. The Healthy Heart Healthy Work program (3HWP) which included 30 minutes of lecture-based health education and small group discussion, was provided each month for 3months. The topic of education included CVD, diet, exercise, and lifestyle instructions. Individualized consulting and mobile phone messages also provided for another 3months. Subjects assigned to the yoga group, consisting of 11 yoga postures designed for strengthening, stretching, balancing and meditation, were given twice weekly for 12 weeks as well. Anthropometric (weight, waist and hip circumference), biological (blood pressure, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) factors and health behavior and psycho-social variables (depression, job stress, and health-related quality of life) were measured for program evaluation. As the result of follow-up, waist (p < .001) and hip (p < .001) circumference, glucose (p = .012) and diastolic blood pressure (p = .022) were significantly reduced compared to the baseline. Also, high density lipoprotein cholesterol level was increased significantly (p < .001). Total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol, depression, job stress, and health-related quality of life were improved, but were not significant. The integrated intervention, 3HWP provided to employees was shown to be effective in improving obesity, high blood pressure, and high glucose level when evaluated at 4months after the intervention program. 3HWP could be a useful program for blue-collar workers with CVD risk. However, future research need to investigate how the long term gains in health related outcome to support the effect of this interventions.
Jin Ah Kim; Won Ju Hwang; Ji Sun Ha; Hye Sun Park. PS 14-22 EFFECTS OF HEALTHY HEART HEALTHY WORK PROGRAM OFFERED TO THE BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS IN KOREA. Journal of Hypertension 2016, 34, e441 .
AMA StyleJin Ah Kim, Won Ju Hwang, Ji Sun Ha, Hye Sun Park. PS 14-22 EFFECTS OF HEALTHY HEART HEALTHY WORK PROGRAM OFFERED TO THE BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS IN KOREA. Journal of Hypertension. 2016; 34 (Supplement):e441.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Ah Kim; Won Ju Hwang; Ji Sun Ha; Hye Sun Park. 2016. "PS 14-22 EFFECTS OF HEALTHY HEART HEALTHY WORK PROGRAM OFFERED TO THE BLUE-COLLAR WORKERS IN KOREA." Journal of Hypertension 34, no. Supplement: e441.
Street dust is a hazard for workers in traditional markets. Exposure time is longer than for other people, making them vulnerable to heavy metals in street dust. This study investigated heavy metal concentrations in street dust samples collected from different types of markets. It compared the results with heavy metal concentrations in heavy traffic and rural areas. Street dust was significantly enriched with most heavy metals in a heavy traffic area while street dust from a fish market was contaminated with cupper (Cu), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn). Street dust from medicinal herb and fruit markets, and rural areas were not contaminated. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated heavy metals in heavy traffic road and fish market dust had different sources. Relatively high heavy metal concentration in street dust from the fish market may negatively affect worker’s mental health, as depression levels were higher compared with workers in other markets. Therefore, intensive investigation of the relationship between heavy metal concentrations in street dust and worker’s health in traditional marketplaces should be conducted to elucidate the effect of heavy metals on psychological health in humans.
Jin Ah Kim; Jin Hee Park; Won Ju Hwang. Heavy Metal Distribution in Street Dust from Traditional Markets and the Human Health Implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2016, 13, 820 .
AMA StyleJin Ah Kim, Jin Hee Park, Won Ju Hwang. Heavy Metal Distribution in Street Dust from Traditional Markets and the Human Health Implications. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2016; 13 (8):820.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJin Ah Kim; Jin Hee Park; Won Ju Hwang. 2016. "Heavy Metal Distribution in Street Dust from Traditional Markets and the Human Health Implications." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 8: 820.