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Prof. Tao Liu
Peking University

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0 Land Use
0 Spatial Analysis
0 Urbanization
0 migration
0 rural transformation

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Land Use
Urbanization
Spatial Analysis
migration
rural transformation

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Short Biography

Tao Liu is assistant professor at College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University. He is also a core member of Center for Urban Future Research at Peking University. He obtained his PhD in geography at the University of Hong Kong. His research mostly focuses on urbanization, migration, urban land use, and metropolitan governance. He is the author of “China's Urban Construction Land Development: State, Market, and Peasantry in Action” published in Springer and has published two books and more than 80 articles in international and Chinese peer-reviewed journals. He has been the principle investigator of research projects funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China, National Key R&D Program of China, Ministry of Education of China, National Health Commission of China, etc. Dr. Liu is now committee member of the Urban Geography Specialty and the Population Geography Specialty of the Geographical Society of China, and Deputy Secretary General of the Planning Management Specialty of the Chinese Research Institute of Construction Management.

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Research article
Published: 27 August 2021 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Examining the heterogeneous factors behind the conversion of various types of non-urban land into urban use is of great significance for controlling urban land expansion and formulating reasonable land use policies. Taking Beijing as an example, this study identified the spatial patterns of urban expansion in China’s large cities and then explored the different driving factors behind its various sources. The results showed that, from 2001 to 2010, Beijing’s urban land presented a compound expansion mode in which multiple spatial modes coexisted. Urban encroachment contributed differently to the loss of different non-urban lands. Cultivated land and ecological land were the main sources of newly developed urban land, of which the conversion was driven jointly by topography, location, transportation, socioeconomic development, and spatial planning. Moreover, the main factors behind the conversion of various land types varied: closing to existing built-up area and infrastructures increases the conversion probability of most land types; socioeconomic development has common but differentiated effects; governments at different levels have their influences on the conversion of different types of non-urban land. Based on the results, this study suggested the importance of considering varied approaches in managing non-urban lands to better controlling their conversion into urban use and the different roles that could be played by governments at various levels.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Shihao Zhu; Tao Liu. Are there differences in the forces driving the conversion of different non-urban lands into urban use? A case study of Beijing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Shihao Zhu, Tao Liu. Are there differences in the forces driving the conversion of different non-urban lands into urban use? A case study of Beijing. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Shihao Zhu; Tao Liu. 2021. "Are there differences in the forces driving the conversion of different non-urban lands into urban use? A case study of Beijing." Environmental Science and Pollution Research , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Solid waste recycling in developing countries has been largely relying on the informal recycling sector which intelligently uses the tacit knowledge within the hierarchical network of labor division to capture the value from the geographically uneven distribution of waste generation and demands on secondary materials. Previous studies on solid waste recycling mainly have a material-centric view on economic value. In this paper, an entropy-weighted recyclability index (EWRI) is developed to quantify the recyclability of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in China at the prefectural city level by integrating the road transportation density and regional recycling capability into the categories of waste physical components regarding the cost to deliver the waste from generating sources to the conversion sites for recycling. The result confirms the existence of an east-west gradient regional disparity in recyclability of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) among cities for the recyclable components. The 339 prefectural cities were classified into 4 grades, namely “best, good, normal, and difficult” for the recyclability of local MSW with guidelines for planning of regional recycling infrastructure, respectively. In conclusion, general guidelines for the building of wise-waste city infrastructure to fit the local context in developing countries is advised.

ACS Style

Xin Tong; Haofan Yu; Tao Liu. Using weighted entropy to measure the recyclability of municipal solid waste in China: Exploring the geographical disparity for circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 312, 127719 .

AMA Style

Xin Tong, Haofan Yu, Tao Liu. Using weighted entropy to measure the recyclability of municipal solid waste in China: Exploring the geographical disparity for circular economy. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 312 ():127719.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Tong; Haofan Yu; Tao Liu. 2021. "Using weighted entropy to measure the recyclability of municipal solid waste in China: Exploring the geographical disparity for circular economy." Journal of Cleaner Production 312, no. : 127719.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Cities
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Traffic big data brings new opportunities for studying urban spatial structure. By using data from subway smart cards and road networks, as well as integrating travel chain analysis with route simulation and spatial statistical methods, this paper developed a methodological framework to identify employment centers quickly and objectively, through which both the form and attractive area of centers can be depicted. The validity and advantages of this novel method were verified in a Beijing case study. We identified four major combined employment centers with different dominant functions in the city center and one in a suburb as a new high-tech industrial zone. We deliberately chose an extremely short period to test the feasibility of the method. During that time, the employment centers remained stable in number, location, and size, which met our expectations. However, unexpected rapid changes were captured in the spatial form and attractive area or commuting pattern of employment centers. Specifically, we found an obvious suburbanization trend for employment centers, continuous evolution in a clear direction of every center's spatial form, and a commonly decreasing worker commuting distance in most centers over the one-year period. After discussing several methodological, theoretical, and practical issues, policy implications were finally proposed to a broad audience.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Tao Liu; Fanhao Kong; Ruiqing Guang. Employment centers change faster than expected: An integrated identification method and application to Beijing. Cities 2021, 115, 103224 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Tao Liu, Fanhao Kong, Ruiqing Guang. Employment centers change faster than expected: An integrated identification method and application to Beijing. Cities. 2021; 115 ():103224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Tao Liu; Fanhao Kong; Ruiqing Guang. 2021. "Employment centers change faster than expected: An integrated identification method and application to Beijing." Cities 115, no. : 103224.

Journal article
Published: 14 April 2021 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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In the context of climate change and rapid urbanization, urban floods disasters occur frequently across the globe, and social vulnerability has become an important theoretical perspective for understanding the occurrence and response of flooding disasters. This paper takes Nanjing as an example to investigate flooding disasters and social vulnerability in development countries. It develops an analysis framework and evaluation index system of social vulnerability from three dimensions of exposure, sensitivity and adaptability. Ten typical affordable housing communities were selected and individual-level survey data were collected to explore the influencing factors of social vulnerability. The results show that social vulnerability is simultaneously affected by exposure, sensitivity and adaptability. Communities with new construction ages and good built environments usually have lower levels of risk exposure. Those with residents having higher levels of education and social capital have lower sensitivity. The government’s emergency operations and residents’ response capabilities can both significantly improve the adaptability of communities to floods.

ACS Style

Yi Chen; Tao Liu; Yi Ge; Song Xia; Yu Yuan; Wanrong Li; Haoyuan Xu. Examining social vulnerability to flood of affordable housing communities in Nanjing, China: Building long-term disaster resilience of low-income communities. Sustainable Cities and Society 2021, 71, 102939 .

AMA Style

Yi Chen, Tao Liu, Yi Ge, Song Xia, Yu Yuan, Wanrong Li, Haoyuan Xu. Examining social vulnerability to flood of affordable housing communities in Nanjing, China: Building long-term disaster resilience of low-income communities. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2021; 71 ():102939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Chen; Tao Liu; Yi Ge; Song Xia; Yu Yuan; Wanrong Li; Haoyuan Xu. 2021. "Examining social vulnerability to flood of affordable housing communities in Nanjing, China: Building long-term disaster resilience of low-income communities." Sustainable Cities and Society 71, no. : 102939.

Journal article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Health improvement is an important social development goal for every country. By using a geographical weighted regression (GWR) model on the 5th and 6th censuses data, this paper analyzes the spatially varied influencing factors of the change in life expectancy of residents in Chinses cities. The results indicate that: (1) The initial level of life expectancy may have a negative correlation with its increase, indicating that life expectancy in different areas may eventually converge to a higher level; moreover, the degree of convergence of life expectancy in cities with different economic development levels is variant. (2) Results of geographically weighted regression model demonstrate significant spatial heterogeneity in the effects of the level of economic development, medical conditions, demographic structure, and natural environment on health improvement. Natural conditions, such as topography, dictate the change in life expectancy in most cities in the middle eastern region of China. Change of educational level is the leading factor in the vast western region while the change in birth rate is the most critical in Xinjiang. Thus, local-based strategies are critical for solving health problems, especially with a focus on promoting health conditions in middle-income and low-income areas.

ACS Style

Tao Liu; Shuimiao Yang; Rongxi Peng; Daquan Huang. A Geographically Weighted Regression Model for Health Improvement: Insights from the Extension of Life Expectancy in China. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 2022 .

AMA Style

Tao Liu, Shuimiao Yang, Rongxi Peng, Daquan Huang. A Geographically Weighted Regression Model for Health Improvement: Insights from the Extension of Life Expectancy in China. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (5):2022.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu; Shuimiao Yang; Rongxi Peng; Daquan Huang. 2021. "A Geographically Weighted Regression Model for Health Improvement: Insights from the Extension of Life Expectancy in China." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5: 2022.

Journal article
Published: 23 January 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In the process of urbanization in developing countries, creating enough jobs to realize the transition from an agricultural population to a non-agricultural population is a major goal of development. The differences and localities of cities need to be considered in the policymaking process. This study estimated the local employment multipliers of expanding cities in China and calculated the employment multiplier of each city. First, there are obvious differences in the size of employment multipliers across cities; therefore, it is necessary to adopt different policies in employment promotion. Second, an inverted-U-shape relationship is detected between employment multiplier and city size, namely the larger the city, the greater the employment multiplier, but when the city size exceeds a certain value, the employment multiplier begins to decline. Third, different degrees of influence are generated by factors for cities at different levels of economic development. Based on the research results, we suggest that expansion of the trade sector be promoted in small- and medium-sized cities, to give full play to its employment multiplier effect; meanwhile, in large cities, the degree of specialization of the trade sector and diversification of the non-trade sector should be improved.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Han He; Tao Liu. The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Employment Multipliers in China’s Expanding Cities. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 1016 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Han He, Tao Liu. The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Employment Multipliers in China’s Expanding Cities. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (3):1016.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Han He; Tao Liu. 2021. "The Spatial Distribution and Influencing Factors of Employment Multipliers in China’s Expanding Cities." Applied Sciences 11, no. 3: 1016.

Journal article
Published: 13 January 2021 in Land
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With a rapid surge in urbanization, rural functions and the structure of rural construction land are undergoing profound change. Using the village-level units of Tai’an Prefecture in the North China Plain as the research object, this study employs the land use survey data in 2019, selecting the diversity index, concentration index, land use type, and location index to analyze the spatial pattern of rural construction land structure. Thereafter, a multiple linear regression model is developed to identify the driving factors of spatial differentiation in rural construction land structure. The results show that (1) there are remarkable spatial differences in all indices representing the structure of construction land in Tai’an and the landscape varies across the indices, and (2) the most important factors affecting the spatial differentiation of construction land use structure are the location, socioeconomic development, and policy, while the effects of natural conditions are limited. The worse the location conditions and the more regressed the economic and social development level, the lower the diversity of construction land and the more unitary the structure. The results of this case study demonstrate the crucial role of the changing urban–rural relation under rapid urbanization in shaping the geography of rural land use, which is expected to have reference significance for researchers and policy makers dealing with rural transformation in developing countries.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Yue Lang; Tao Liu. The Evolving Structure of Rural Construction Land in Urbanizing China: Case Study of Tai’an Prefecture. Land 2021, 10, 65 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Yue Lang, Tao Liu. The Evolving Structure of Rural Construction Land in Urbanizing China: Case Study of Tai’an Prefecture. Land. 2021; 10 (1):65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Yue Lang; Tao Liu. 2021. "The Evolving Structure of Rural Construction Land in Urbanizing China: Case Study of Tai’an Prefecture." Land 10, no. 1: 65.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Studying the factors that influence the expansion of different types of construction land is instrumental in formulating targeted policies and regulations, and can reduce or prevent the negative impacts of unreasonable land use changes. Using land use survey data of Beijing (2001 and 2010), an autologistic model quantitatively analyzed the leading driving forces and differences in four types of construction land expansion (industrial, residential, public service, and commercial land types), focusing on the impact of spatial autocorrelation. The results showed that the influencing factors vary greatly for different types of construction land expansion; the same factor may have a different impact on different construction land, and both planning factors and spatial autocorrelation variables have a significant positive effect on the four types. Accordingly, the municipal government should consider the differences in the expansion mechanisms and driving forces of different construction land and formulate suitable planning schemes, observe the impact of spatial autocorrelation on construction land expansion, and guide spatial agglomeration through policies while appropriately controlling the scale of expansion. The methods and policy recommendations of this research are significant for urban land expansion research and policy formulations in other transition economies and developing countries.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; ErXuan Chu; Tao Liu. Spatial Determinants of Land Conversion for Various Urban Use: A Case Study of Beijing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 708 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, ErXuan Chu, Tao Liu. Spatial Determinants of Land Conversion for Various Urban Use: A Case Study of Beijing. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (12):708.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; ErXuan Chu; Tao Liu. 2020. "Spatial Determinants of Land Conversion for Various Urban Use: A Case Study of Beijing." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 12: 708.

Research article
Published: 19 October 2020 in PLOS ONE
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The security and socioeconomic development of China’s border areas are of great significance to the nation and the wider world. Using census, statistical, digital elevation model (DEM) and network data, this paper employs visual analysis to capture population distribution patterns in China’s 131 border counties from 1982 to 2010. Multiple stepwise regression is carried out to identify the influencing factors of population dynamics in border regions. The main findings include: China’s most heavily populated border areas are primarily in the northeast, northwest, and the Guangxi-Yunnan region, while rapid growth of population is found in western Inner Mongolia, southwest Xinjiang, northwest Tibet, and southern Yunnan. Given the increasingly market-oriented migration mechanism, the national reclamation policy has been no longer effective in population attraction in the new century. Education has significantly lowered and will continuously lower the fertility rate in remote border areas. The factors influencing population growth show a remarkable regional heterogeneity along China’s long border.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Yue Lang; Tao Liu. Evolving population distribution in China’s border regions: Spatial differences, driving forces and policy implications. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0240592 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Yue Lang, Tao Liu. Evolving population distribution in China’s border regions: Spatial differences, driving forces and policy implications. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (10):e0240592.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Yue Lang; Tao Liu. 2020. "Evolving population distribution in China’s border regions: Spatial differences, driving forces and policy implications." PLOS ONE 15, no. 10: e0240592.

Journal article
Published: 10 September 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Improving life expectancy, as well as people’s health and wellbeing, is an important goal both for the Chinese government and the United Nations. Therefore, to analyze the main factors influencing life expectancy in prefecture-level cities in China, this study uses classical ordinary least-squares regression and geographical weighted regression on the data of the latest census. Moreover, regional differences induced by each influencing factor are also depicted in this study. The results demonstrate that there is significant heterogeneity and spatial positive correlation among the distribution of life expectancy in prefecture-level cities, with a generally higher life expectancy in the provincial capitals and eastern China, and lower in western China. The geographically weighted regression analysis shows that the economic development level, medical conditions, demographic structure, natural environment, and city attributes all affect the distribution of life expectancy, but that their effects have significant spatial heterogeneity. Life expectancy of the less developed areas in Western China is affected dominantly by economic development level, whereas medical services and education are of great importance in determining the life expectancy in Northern and Southern China, respectively. Thus, it is crucial to solve health problems based on local conditions, especially focusing on the improvement of health and health care in underdeveloped areas. Meanwhile, for the eastern developed areas, special attention should be paid to environmental protection in the economic process, while striving to achieve high-quality development.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Shuimiao Yang; Tao Liu. Life Expectancy in Chinese Cities: Spatially Varied Role of Socioeconomic Development, Population Structure, and Natural Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 6597 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Shuimiao Yang, Tao Liu. Life Expectancy in Chinese Cities: Spatially Varied Role of Socioeconomic Development, Population Structure, and Natural Conditions. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (18):6597.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Shuimiao Yang; Tao Liu. 2020. "Life Expectancy in Chinese Cities: Spatially Varied Role of Socioeconomic Development, Population Structure, and Natural Conditions." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18: 6597.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2020 in Land
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Worldwide urban spatial expansion has become a hot topic in recent decades. To develop effective urban growth containment strategies, it is important to understand the spatial patterns and driving forces of urban sprawl. By employing a spatial analysis method and land use survey data for the years 1996–2010, this study explores the effects of hierarchical administrative centers on the intensity and direction of urban land expansion in a Beijing municipality. The results are as follows: (1) land development intensity and expansion speeds are both affected significantly by the municipal and district and county centers where the governments hold a lot of administrative, public, and economic resources. (2) The distances to the administrative centers are determinant factors for the direction of urban land expansion. Except for several subregions adjacent to the municipal center, the closer the area is to an administrative center, the more likely it is that the expansion direction points toward the center. (3) The spatial patterns of urban land development are shaped jointly by governments at different levels, and transportation lines also play a role in remote areas. These findings are expected to have consulting value for future policymaking on urban land use and management in mega-cities, especially those with strong local government powers in other transition economies and developing countries.

ACS Style

Daquan Huang; Xin Tan; Tao Liu; ErXuan Chu; Fanhao Kong. Effects of Hierarchical City Centers on the Intensity and Direction of Urban Land Expansion: A Case Study of Beijing. Land 2020, 9, 312 .

AMA Style

Daquan Huang, Xin Tan, Tao Liu, ErXuan Chu, Fanhao Kong. Effects of Hierarchical City Centers on the Intensity and Direction of Urban Land Expansion: A Case Study of Beijing. Land. 2020; 9 (9):312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daquan Huang; Xin Tan; Tao Liu; ErXuan Chu; Fanhao Kong. 2020. "Effects of Hierarchical City Centers on the Intensity and Direction of Urban Land Expansion: A Case Study of Beijing." Land 9, no. 9: 312.

Discussion
Published: 15 May 2020 in Social Science & Medicine
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This comment discusses the contribution of population movement to the spread of COVID-19, with a reference to the spread of SARS 17 years ago. We argue that the changing geography of migration, the diversification of jobs taken by migrants, the rapid growth of tourism and business trips, and the longer distance taken by people for family reunion are what make the spread of COVID-19 so differently from that of SARS. These changes in population movement are expected to continue. Hence, new strategies in disease prevention and control should be taken accordingly, which are also proposed in the comment.

ACS Style

Qiujie Shi; Danny Dorling; Guangzhong Cao; Tao Liu. Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS. Social Science & Medicine 2020, 255, 113036 -113036.

AMA Style

Qiujie Shi, Danny Dorling, Guangzhong Cao, Tao Liu. Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS. Social Science & Medicine. 2020; 255 ():113036-113036.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiujie Shi; Danny Dorling; Guangzhong Cao; Tao Liu. 2020. "Changes in population movement make COVID-19 spread differently from SARS." Social Science & Medicine 255, no. : 113036-113036.

Review
Published: 13 May 2020 in International Journal of Water Resources Development
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This article presents a qualitative systematic review of English-language academic articles on approaches adopted by the Chinese government to overcome fragmentation and disconnection in water governance. We find that the Chinese government has deployed technical, institutional and discursive instruments, ranging from ‘hard’ to ‘soft’ ways, to improve connectivity between different administrative levels, functional agencies and territorially based units. Although these approaches are conducive to reconciling conflicts, boosting collaboration and bridging gaps in interjurisdictional, cross-level and cross-sectoral interactions, they also have unexpected implications for cost-effectiveness, practicality and sustainability.

ACS Style

Tao Liu; Wenya Zhang; Raymond Yu Wang. How does the Chinese government improve connectivity in water governance? A qualitative systematic review. International Journal of Water Resources Development 2020, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Tao Liu, Wenya Zhang, Raymond Yu Wang. How does the Chinese government improve connectivity in water governance? A qualitative systematic review. International Journal of Water Resources Development. 2020; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu; Wenya Zhang; Raymond Yu Wang. 2020. "How does the Chinese government improve connectivity in water governance? A qualitative systematic review." International Journal of Water Resources Development , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2020 in Sustainability
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With the acceleration of global climate change and urbanization, many large and medium-sized cities in China have been frequently subjected to heavy rains and floods. Thus, the question of how to reduce the impact of floods and achieve rapid recovery has attracted much attention. We use the urban community as the basic unit to examine the living environment, internal facilities, and surrounding environment characteristics of six different types of communities in the Jianye District of Nanjing City. First, we use factor analysis and the binary logistic regression model to analyze pre-disaster preparation, disaster response, and post-disaster recovery. Second, we analyze the resilience of the community at different stages. Then, we explore the influencing factors of the built environment on the resilience of the community. Results show that the built-up environmental factors, such as topography, riverfront, building coverage ratio, green space rate, and land use diversity, have a significant impact on community resilience. Finally, we proposed several suggestions for improving the flood resilience of Nanjing City.

ACS Style

Yi Chen; Tao Liu; Ruishan Chen; Mengke Zhao. Influence of the Built Environment on Community Flood Resilience: Evidence from Nanjing City, China. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2401 .

AMA Style

Yi Chen, Tao Liu, Ruishan Chen, Mengke Zhao. Influence of the Built Environment on Community Flood Resilience: Evidence from Nanjing City, China. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2401.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yi Chen; Tao Liu; Ruishan Chen; Mengke Zhao. 2020. "Influence of the Built Environment on Community Flood Resilience: Evidence from Nanjing City, China." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2401.

Journal article
Published: 12 February 2020 in Land Use Policy
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The evaluation of the extent to which urban and land use planning have achieved their objectives is crucial to better management of urban land development. China’s urban and land use plans have the common purpose of controlling urban sprawl. This research aimed at comparatively assessing the consistency and implementation of these plans, considering the Changping District in suburban Beijing as a case study. Three main findings were obtained: (1) each plan used different strategies to control new developments, and there were several quantitative and spatial conflicts between the two plans; (2) neither plan has been well implemented or effective in controlling urban sprawl, despite the slightly better performance of the land use plan; (3) core-periphery decreasing trends were revealed in land quota allocation and effectiveness of planning implementation. Remote regular towns received the least land resources from the top-down planning system but also developed fast, mainly through informal and illegal approaches. Further investigation into the double failure of China’s current spatial planning system in quantitative and spatial control over urban land development requires a deeper integration of various spatial management systems, a fundamental transformation of planning philosophy, and a higher respect for peripheral areas in urban-rural integration. The planning assessment approach and reform recommendations developed on the basis of the Chinese practice are probably referable for other developing countries facing similar processes of rapid urbanization and imperfect spatial management.

ACS Style

Tao Liu; Daquan Huang; Xin Tan; Fanhao Kong. Planning consistency and implementation in urbanizing China: Comparing urban and land use plans in suburban Beijing. Land Use Policy 2020, 94, 104498 .

AMA Style

Tao Liu, Daquan Huang, Xin Tan, Fanhao Kong. Planning consistency and implementation in urbanizing China: Comparing urban and land use plans in suburban Beijing. Land Use Policy. 2020; 94 ():104498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu; Daquan Huang; Xin Tan; Fanhao Kong. 2020. "Planning consistency and implementation in urbanizing China: Comparing urban and land use plans in suburban Beijing." Land Use Policy 94, no. : 104498.

Review
Published: 01 January 2020 in 地理科学进展
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ACS Style

Yunxia Zhuo; Tao Liu. Polycentric city and region: A review and appraisal. 地理科学进展 2020, 39, 1385 -1396.

AMA Style

Yunxia Zhuo, Tao Liu. Polycentric city and region: A review and appraisal. 地理科学进展. 2020; 39 (8):1385-1396.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yunxia Zhuo; Tao Liu. 2020. "Polycentric city and region: A review and appraisal." 地理科学进展 39, no. 8: 1385-1396.

Journal article
Published: 09 December 2019 in The China Quarterly
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Using a localized perspective, this paper explores the gap between the eligibility criteria for a Beijing hukou (household registration) and the reality of successfully acquiring one. By comparing those who are eligible to apply with those who actually succeed in gaining a hukou, it reveals that hukou practices are operated locally to serve the city's development needs. It also reveals huge gaps between migrants, eligible applicants and hukou winners. Most migrants in Beijing are not eligible to apply for a local hukou. However, among those limited applicants who can apply, those with a postgraduate education and who serve the capital's political functions are more likely than others to win a hukou, an advantage not pointed out in government documents. These “hidden” rules are most likely set intentionally by the city so that it can maintain absolute control over hukou transfers; however, at the same time, they frustrate migrants who meet the stated requirements but who are in reality still unlikely to ever acquire a Beijing hukou. These findings open up a novel perspective for exploring the people–city nexus in China during the migration process and highlight the gaps between policy and reality for those who can apply for a Beijing hukou and those who actually win one.

ACS Style

Tao Liu; Qiujie Shi. Acquiring a Beijing hukou: Who Is Eligible and Who Is Successful? The China Quarterly 2019, 1 -14.

AMA Style

Tao Liu, Qiujie Shi. Acquiring a Beijing hukou: Who Is Eligible and Who Is Successful? The China Quarterly. 2019; ():1-14.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu; Qiujie Shi. 2019. "Acquiring a Beijing hukou: Who Is Eligible and Who Is Successful?" The China Quarterly , no. : 1-14.

Research article
Published: 24 November 2019 in Population, Space and Place
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China's recent hukou reform provides opportunities for rural–urban migrants to acquire formal citizenship and for the country's urbanisation to step into a fair and humanistic stage. However, the between‐city variation in migrants' intention of hukou transfer and the heterogeneity of its influencing factors have rarely been examined. These research gaps make it impossible to the rationality and effectiveness of the localised hukou entry criteria formulated by city governments. In this paper, we addressed the gaps by using nationwide large‐sample survey data and a multilevel modelling approach with particular focus on the effects of city size. Results confirmed the higher willingness of migrants in larger cities for hukou transfer, which is in sharp contradiction with the small‐city orientation of the current hukou reform. Our findings further verified the greater preference of well‐educated migrants for large cities than less educated groups, implying an accelerated concentration of talents in leading cities. This research demonstrates the importance of the between‐city variation perspective in understanding the variegated thoughts of rural–urban migrants, the effectiveness of localised public policies, and the future of China's migrant‐dominated model of urbanisation.

ACS Style

Tao Liu; Jiejing Wang. Bringing city size in understanding the permanent settlement intention of rural–urban migrants in China. Population, Space and Place 2019, 26, 1 .

AMA Style

Tao Liu, Jiejing Wang. Bringing city size in understanding the permanent settlement intention of rural–urban migrants in China. Population, Space and Place. 2019; 26 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu; Jiejing Wang. 2019. "Bringing city size in understanding the permanent settlement intention of rural–urban migrants in China." Population, Space and Place 26, no. 4: 1.

Chapter
Published: 17 October 2019 in China’s Urban Construction Land Development
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The development of urban construction land (UCL) has considerable significance in understanding the ongoing rapid urbanization and dynamic land use change in China. The opening Chapter situates this research into China’s great urban transformation, briefly evaluates prevailing views in the existing literature, and raises theoretical and empirical questions to be answered in this book. The objectives, main findings, and significance of this research are then summarized in brief. The chapter ends with the organization of this book and the work done in each of the following chapters.

ACS Style

Tao Liu. Introduction. China’s Urban Construction Land Development 2019, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Tao Liu. Introduction. China’s Urban Construction Land Development. 2019; ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu. 2019. "Introduction." China’s Urban Construction Land Development , no. : 1-9.

Chapter
Published: 17 October 2019 in China’s Urban Construction Land Development
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This chapter discusses the major methodological issues adopted in this study. The scope, objectives, and research questions that guide the selection of methodological practices are first presented. Three hypotheses are then made to facilitate the investigation of the research questions. Major concepts, including UCL and its formal and informal development, land use efficiency, land marketization, as well as regional milieu and their measurements, are defined in detail. A total of 337 cities and regions at the prefecture level or above are selected for a nationwide spatial analysis. Beijing and Shenzhen are selected as case cities representing the regions with strong state-weak peasantry and strong peasantry-weak state relations, respectively. Quantitative analysis of statistical data, national survey data, and questionnaire survey will be primarily used to achieve three objectives: (1) to illuminate the temporal changes and spatial differences between formal and informal UCL development, (2) to test the statistical significance of the correlations between spatially varied growth and utilization of UCL and the powers/motives of peasants and local states and the spatial patterns of regional development milieu at the prefecture level, and (3) to demonstrate the statistical correlations between informal land development and the regional economies and locations at the village level in the two case cities. Qualitative analysis of data collected from the questionnaire survey, semi-structured interviews, and official documents and laws in the two case cities will be employed to examine the embedded relationship between UCL development and the powers and motives of local states and the peasantry situated in the region-specific market demand and development milieus.

ACS Style

Tao Liu. Methodological Issues. China’s Urban Construction Land Development 2019, 99 -121.

AMA Style

Tao Liu. Methodological Issues. China’s Urban Construction Land Development. 2019; ():99-121.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tao Liu. 2019. "Methodological Issues." China’s Urban Construction Land Development , no. : 99-121.