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The effects of peat burning on organic-rich agricultural soils of the Mezzano Lowland (NE Italy) were evaluated on soil profiles variously affected by smoldering. Profiles were investigated for pH, electrical conductivity, bulk density, elemental and isotopic composition of distinct carbon (and nitrogen) fractions. The results suggest that the horizons affected by carbon loss lie at depths 10–70 cm, where the highest temperatures are developed. We suggest that the exothermal oxidation of methane (mediated by biological activity) plays a significant role in the triggering mechanism. In the interested soils we estimated a potential loss of Soil Organic Carbon of approximately 110 kg m-2 within the first meter, corresponding to 580 kg CO2 m-3. The released greenhouse gas is coupled with a loss of soil structure and nutrients. Moreover, the process plausibly triggers mobility of metals bound in organometallic complexes. All these consequences negatively affect the environment, the agricultural activities and possibly also health of the local people.
Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Stefano Cremonini; Gian Marco Salani; Gilmo Vianello; Valentina Brombin; Mattia Ferrari; Livia Vittori Antisari. Peat Soil Burning in the Mezzano Lowland (Po Plain, Italy): Triggering Mechanisms and Environmental Consequences. GeoHealth 2021, 5, 1 .
AMA StyleClaudio Natali, Gianluca Bianchini, Stefano Cremonini, Gian Marco Salani, Gilmo Vianello, Valentina Brombin, Mattia Ferrari, Livia Vittori Antisari. Peat Soil Burning in the Mezzano Lowland (Po Plain, Italy): Triggering Mechanisms and Environmental Consequences. GeoHealth. 2021; 5 (8):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleClaudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Stefano Cremonini; Gian Marco Salani; Gilmo Vianello; Valentina Brombin; Mattia Ferrari; Livia Vittori Antisari. 2021. "Peat Soil Burning in the Mezzano Lowland (Po Plain, Italy): Triggering Mechanisms and Environmental Consequences." GeoHealth 5, no. 8: 1.
The overburning test method was developed to simulate and predict lime densification, agglomeration, and sporadic melting at the highest potential temperature of lime kilns. These events, that belong to the so-called “sticking tendency” phenomenon, are associated to formation of crusts, occlusions, and blockages in vertical lime kilns. In this work, fifty carbonate rocks, their insoluble residues, and derived burnt products were investigated through a multianalytical approach. Four groups of rocks having different burnability were identified. In addition, three fundamental mechanisms were related to the above-mentioned phenomena: dehydration melting, solid-state, and liquid-phase sintering processes. Guidelines for raw materials suitability were outlined for designing new kilns and to check the quality control in already active plants.
Gabriele Vola; Matteo Ardit; Luca Sarandrea; Gianfranco Brignoli; Claudio Natali; Alessandro Cavallo; Gianluca Bianchini; Giuseppe Cruciani. Investigation and prediction of sticking tendency, blocks formation and occasional melting of lime at HT (1300 °C) by the overburning test method. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 294, 123577 .
AMA StyleGabriele Vola, Matteo Ardit, Luca Sarandrea, Gianfranco Brignoli, Claudio Natali, Alessandro Cavallo, Gianluca Bianchini, Giuseppe Cruciani. Investigation and prediction of sticking tendency, blocks formation and occasional melting of lime at HT (1300 °C) by the overburning test method. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 294 ():123577.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriele Vola; Matteo Ardit; Luca Sarandrea; Gianfranco Brignoli; Claudio Natali; Alessandro Cavallo; Gianluca Bianchini; Giuseppe Cruciani. 2021. "Investigation and prediction of sticking tendency, blocks formation and occasional melting of lime at HT (1300 °C) by the overburning test method." Construction and Building Materials 294, no. : 123577.
High-MgO lamproite and lamproite-like (i.e. lamprophyric) ultrapotassic rocks are recurrent in the Mediterranean and surrounding regions. They are associated in space and time with ultrapotassic shoshonites and high-K calc-alkaline rocks. This magmatism is linked with the geodynamic evolution of the westernmost sector of the Alpine–Himalayan collisional margin, which followed the closure of the Tethys Ocean. Subduction-related lamproites, lamprophyres, shoshonites and high-K calc-alkaline suites were emplaced in the Mediterranean region in the form of shallow level intrusions (e.g. plugs, dykes and laccoliths) and small volume lava flows, with very subordinate pyroclastic rocks, starting from the Oligocene, in the Western Alps (northern Italy), through the Late Miocene in Corsica (southern France) and in Murcia-Almeria (southeastern Spain), to the Plio-Pleistocene in Southern Tuscany and Northern Latium (central Italy), in the Balkan peninsula (Serbia and Macedonia) and in the Western Anatolia (Turkey). The ultrapotassic rocks are mostly lamprophyric, but olivine latitic lavas with a clear lamproitic affinity are also found, as well as dacitic to trachytic differentiated products. Lamproite-like rocks range from slightly silica under-saturated to silica over-saturated composition, have relatively low Al2O3, CaO and Na2O contents, resulting in plagioclase-free parageneses, and consist of abundant K-feldspar, phlogopite, diopsidic clinopyroxene and highly forsteritic olivine. Leucite is generally absent, and it is rarely found only in the groundmasses of Spanish lamproites. Mediterranean lamproites and associated rocks share an extreme enrichment in many incompatible trace elements and depletion in High Field Strength Elements and high, and positively correlated Th/La and Sm/La ratios. They have radiogenic Sr and unradiogenic Nd isotope compositions, high 207Pb over 206Pb and high time-integrated 232Th/238U. Their composition requires an originally depleted lithospheric mantle source metasomatized by at least two different agents: (1) a high Th/La and Sm/La (i.e. SALATHO) component deriving from lawsonite-bearing, ancient crustal domains likely hosted in mélanges formed during the diachronous collision of the northward drifting continental slivers from Gondwana; (2) a K-rich component derived from a recent subduction and recycling of siliciclastic sediments. These metasomatic melts produced a lithospheric mantle source characterized by network of felsic and phlogopite-rich veins, respectively. Geothermal readjustment during post-collisional events induced progressive melting of the different types of veins and the surrounding peridotite generating the entire compositional spectrum of the observed magmas. In this complex scenario, orogenic Mediterranean lamproites represent rocks that characterize areas that were affected by multiple Wilson cycles, as observed in the Alpine–Himalayan Realm.
Martina Casalini; Riccardo Avanzinelli; Simone Tommasini; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Dejan Prelević; Massimo Mattei; Sandro Conticelli. Petrogenesis of Mediterranean lamproites and associated rocks: The role of overprinted metasomatic events in the post-collisional lithospheric upper mantle. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 2021, SP513 -2021.
AMA StyleMartina Casalini, Riccardo Avanzinelli, Simone Tommasini, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Bianchini, Dejan Prelević, Massimo Mattei, Sandro Conticelli. Petrogenesis of Mediterranean lamproites and associated rocks: The role of overprinted metasomatic events in the post-collisional lithospheric upper mantle. Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 2021; ():SP513-2021.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartina Casalini; Riccardo Avanzinelli; Simone Tommasini; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Dejan Prelević; Massimo Mattei; Sandro Conticelli. 2021. "Petrogenesis of Mediterranean lamproites and associated rocks: The role of overprinted metasomatic events in the post-collisional lithospheric upper mantle." Geological Society, London, Special Publications , no. : SP513-2021.
The F'Kirina plain in eastern Algeria is an endorheic basin suffering water scarcity due to a combination of natural and man-made causes. Its hydrogeological system is complex as made by interconnected aquifers represented by Mesozoic, Cenozoic, and Quaternary lithological units. The combination of drought indicators and water level data shows that a groundwater drought affected the plain during the last 15 years, which reflects on current water quality. The reported geochemical analyses, including major ions and trace elements, indicate that the groundwater resource is suffering from salinization, mainly due to evaporation and leaching of soil salts, a process that is coupled with simultaneous cation-exchange effects. In this framework, we observe a geochemical evolution from the fresh Ca–HCO3 facies, typical of springs bordering the plain, towards more saline groundwater characterized by chloride/sulphate-rich facies in the middle of the plain approaching the sebka. However, geochemical diagrams indicate that in few wells salinization is also influenced by upraising of deep groundwater. The water isotopic composition of the F'Kirina plain samples suggests that they diversely record both recharge and evaporation components. Moreover, the most 18O and D depleted compositions among the investigated ground-waters suggest recharge contributions by comparatively higher elevation or the involvement of old (fossil) water components.
Omar Rahal; Layachi Gouaidia; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Chiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini. Hydrogeological and geochemical characterization of groundwater in the F'Kirina plain (eastern Algeria). Applied Geochemistry 2021, 130, 104983 .
AMA StyleOmar Rahal, Layachi Gouaidia, Maria Dolores Fidelibus, Chiara Marchina, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Bianchini. Hydrogeological and geochemical characterization of groundwater in the F'Kirina plain (eastern Algeria). Applied Geochemistry. 2021; 130 ():104983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOmar Rahal; Layachi Gouaidia; Maria Dolores Fidelibus; Chiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini. 2021. "Hydrogeological and geochemical characterization of groundwater in the F'Kirina plain (eastern Algeria)." Applied Geochemistry 130, no. : 104983.
In the Adriatic lagoons of northern Italy, manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) farming provides important socio-economic returns and local clams should be registered with the Protected Designations of Origin scheme. Therefore, there is a need for the development of rapid, cost-effective tests to guarantee the origin of the product and to prevent potential fraud. In this work, an elemental analysis (EA) coupled with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) was employed to identify the isotopic fingerprints of clams directly collected onsite in three Adriatic lagoons and bought at a local supermarket, where they exhibited certification. In particular, a multivariate analysis of C/N, δ13C and δ15N in manila clam tissues as well as δ13C in shells and
Gianluca Bianchini; Valentina Brombin; Pasquale Carlino; Enrico Mistri; Claudio Natali; Gian Salani. Traceability and Authentication of Manila Clams from North-Western Adriatic Lagoons Using C and N Stable Isotope Analysis. Molecules 2021, 26, 1859 .
AMA StyleGianluca Bianchini, Valentina Brombin, Pasquale Carlino, Enrico Mistri, Claudio Natali, Gian Salani. Traceability and Authentication of Manila Clams from North-Western Adriatic Lagoons Using C and N Stable Isotope Analysis. Molecules. 2021; 26 (7):1859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Bianchini; Valentina Brombin; Pasquale Carlino; Enrico Mistri; Claudio Natali; Gian Salani. 2021. "Traceability and Authentication of Manila Clams from North-Western Adriatic Lagoons Using C and N Stable Isotope Analysis." Molecules 26, no. 7: 1859.
Industrial farming without considering soil biological features could lead to soil degradation. We aimed to evaluate the biochemical properties (BPs) and biological fertility (BF) of different soils under processing tomato cultivation; estimate the BF through the calculation of a simplified BF index (BFIs); determine if the crop was affected by BP and BF. Three farms were individuated in Modena (MO), Ferrara (MEZ) and Ravenna (RA) provinces, Italy. Soil analysis included total and labile organic C, microbial biomass-C (Cmic) and microbial respiration measurements. The metabolic (qCO2), mineralization (qM) and microbial (qMIC) quotients, and BFIs were calculated. Furthermore, plant nutrient contents were determined. The low Cmic content and qMIC, and high qCO2 found in MEZ soils indicate the occurrence of stressful conditions. The high qMIC and qM, and the low qCO2 demonstrated an efficient organic carbon incorporation as Cmic in MO soils. In RA soils, the low total and labile organic C contents limited the Cmic and microbial respiration. Therefore, as confirmed by the BFIs, while MO showed the healthiest soils, RA soils had an inefficient ecophysiological energy state. However, no effects on plant nutrient contents were observed, likely because of masked by fertigation. Finally, BP monitoring is needed in order to avoid soil degradation and, in turn, crop production decline.
Livia Vittori Antisari; Chiara Ferronato; Mauro De Feudis; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Gloria Falsone. Soil Biochemical Indicators and Biological Fertility in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study from Northern Italy. Minerals 2021, 11, 219 .
AMA StyleLivia Vittori Antisari, Chiara Ferronato, Mauro De Feudis, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Bianchini, Gloria Falsone. Soil Biochemical Indicators and Biological Fertility in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study from Northern Italy. Minerals. 2021; 11 (2):219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLivia Vittori Antisari; Chiara Ferronato; Mauro De Feudis; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini; Gloria Falsone. 2021. "Soil Biochemical Indicators and Biological Fertility in Agricultural Soils: A Case Study from Northern Italy." Minerals 11, no. 2: 219.
Sustainable agricultural management is needed to promote carbon (C) sequestration in soil, prevent loss of soil fertility, and reduce the release of greenhouse gases. However, the influence of agronomic practices on soil C sequestration depends on the existing pedoclimatic features. We characterized the soils of three farms far away each other in the Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy): an organic farm in the Northern Apennines, a biodynamic farm, and a conventional farm on the Po Plain. The total, inorganic, and organic carbon in soil, as well as the distinct humic fractions were investigated, analyzing both the elemental and isotopic (13C/12C) composition. In soils, organic matter appears to be variously affected by mineralization processes induced by microorganisms that consume organic carbon. In particular, organic carbon declined in farms located in the plain (e.g., organic carbon down to 0.75 wt%; carbon stock0-30 cm down to 33 Mg/ha), because of the warmer climate and moderately alkaline environment that enhance soil microbial activity. On the other hand, at the mountain farm, the minimum soil disturbance, the cold climate, and the neutral conditions favored soil C sequestration (organic carbon up to 4.42 wt%; carbon stock0-30 cm up to 160 Mg/ha) in humified organic compounds with long turnover, which can limit greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere. This work shows the need for thorough soil investigations, to propose tailored best-practices that can reconcile productivity and soil sustainability.
Valentina Brombin; Enrico Mistri; Mauro De Feudis; Camilla Forti; Gian Salani; Claudio Natali; Gloria Falsone; Livia Vittori Antisari; Gianluca Bianchini. Soil Carbon Investigation in Three Pedoclimatic and Agronomic Settings of Northern Italy. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10539 .
AMA StyleValentina Brombin, Enrico Mistri, Mauro De Feudis, Camilla Forti, Gian Salani, Claudio Natali, Gloria Falsone, Livia Vittori Antisari, Gianluca Bianchini. Soil Carbon Investigation in Three Pedoclimatic and Agronomic Settings of Northern Italy. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10539.
Chicago/Turabian StyleValentina Brombin; Enrico Mistri; Mauro De Feudis; Camilla Forti; Gian Salani; Claudio Natali; Gloria Falsone; Livia Vittori Antisari; Gianluca Bianchini. 2020. "Soil Carbon Investigation in Three Pedoclimatic and Agronomic Settings of Northern Italy." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10539.
In the Main Ethiopian Rift (MER) area, rural populations often use water that exceeds the World Health Organization thresholds for fluoride (F–) and arsenic (As), two elements that are hazardous for human health. In this study, twenty-nine water samples were collected from lakes and hot and cold springs in southern MER to investigate source(s) and health-risk of the F– and As contamination. According to major ion and trace element analyses, only cold spring water is safe for consumption, whereas hot spring water is the most contaminated. Leaching tests performed with the MER rhyolitic volcanic rocks and their weathered products (fluvio-lacustrine sediments) demonstrate that the main cause of the F– and As release is geogenic, i.e., not related to anthropogenic activities. The weathering of volcanic glass and minerals (apatites, clays, hydro-oxides) by CO2-bearing alkaline water induces the mobilisation of F– and As from solid to liquid phase. This process is particularly fast, when fluvio-lacustrine sediments are involved, and can be further enhanced by hot groundwater leaching. This study, investigating the distribution, sources, and mechanisms of F– and As release in MER water, could be of interest also for other sectors of the East African Rift and other similar volcano-tectonic settings.
Gianluca Bianchini; Valentina Brombin; Chiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Tewodros Rango Godebo; Alessandro Rasini; Gian Marco Salani. Origin of Fluoride and Arsenic in the Main Ethiopian Rift Waters. Minerals 2020, 10, 453 .
AMA StyleGianluca Bianchini, Valentina Brombin, Chiara Marchina, Claudio Natali, Tewodros Rango Godebo, Alessandro Rasini, Gian Marco Salani. Origin of Fluoride and Arsenic in the Main Ethiopian Rift Waters. Minerals. 2020; 10 (5):453.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Bianchini; Valentina Brombin; Chiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Tewodros Rango Godebo; Alessandro Rasini; Gian Marco Salani. 2020. "Origin of Fluoride and Arsenic in the Main Ethiopian Rift Waters." Minerals 10, no. 5: 453.
The water composition of the river Adige displays a Ca–HCO3 hydrochemical facies, mainly due to rock weathering. Nitrate is the only component that has increased in relation to growing anthropogenic inputs. The aim of this paper was to identify the origin of the dissolved components in this river and to establish the relationship between these components and critical zone processes within an evolving framework where climatic and human impacts are influencing the riverine system. In particular, emphasis is given to a wide spectrum of isotope data (δ18O, δ2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B), which is considered useful for determining water origin as well as natural and anthropogenic impacts on riverine geochemistry. Together with oxygen and hydrogen isotopes, which are strictly related to the climatic conditions (precipitation, temperature, humidity), the carbon, sulphur, strontium and boron signatures can describe the magnitude of rock weathering, which is in turn linked to the climatic parameters. δ13CDIC varies regularly along the riverine profile between −4.5‰ and −9.5‰, and δ34SSO4 varies regularly between +4.4‰ and +11.4‰. On the other hand, δ15NNO3 shows a more scattered distribution between +3.9‰ and +10.5‰, with sharp variations along the riverine profile. 87Sr/86Sr varies between 0.72797 in the upper part of the catchment and 0.71068 in the lower part. δ11B also shows a rough trend, with values approaching 7.6‰ in the upper part and 8.5‰ in the lower part. In our view, the comparatively low δ34S, δ11B, and high 87Sr/86Sr values, could be a proxy for increasing silicate weathering, which is a process that is sensitive to increases in temperature.
Chiara Marchina; Kay Knöller; Maddalena Pennisi; Claudio Natali; Marlene Dordoni; Paolo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Cidu; Gianluca Bianchini. The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes. Minerals 2020, 10, 455 .
AMA StyleChiara Marchina, Kay Knöller, Maddalena Pennisi, Claudio Natali, Marlene Dordoni, Paolo Di Giuseppe, Rosa Cidu, Gianluca Bianchini. The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes. Minerals. 2020; 10 (5):455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Marchina; Kay Knöller; Maddalena Pennisi; Claudio Natali; Marlene Dordoni; Paolo Di Giuseppe; Rosa Cidu; Gianluca Bianchini. 2020. "The Isotopic (δ18O, δ 2H, δ13C, δ15N, δ34S, 87Sr/86Sr, δ11B) Composition of Adige River Water Records Natural and Anthropogenic Processes." Minerals 10, no. 5: 455.
The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression is the most common method for fitting the δ2H-δ18O relationship. Recently, various studies compared the OLS regression with the Reduced Major Axis (RMA) and Major Axis (MA) regression for precipitation data. However, no studies have investigated so far the differences among the OLS, RMA and MA regressions for water types prone to evaporation, mixing, and redistribution processes. In this work, we quantified the differences in terms of slopes and intercepts computed by the OLS, RMA, and MA methods for rainfall, snow and ice, stream, spring, groundwater, and soil water, and investigated whether the magnitude of such differences is significant and dependent on the water type, the datasets statistics, geographical or climatic characteristics of the study catchments. Our results show that the differences between the regression methods were largest for the isotopic data of some springs and some stream waters. Conversely, for rainfall, snow, ice, and melt waters datasets, all the differences were small and, particularly, smaller than their standard deviation. Slopes and intercepts computed using the different regression methods were statistically different for stream water (up to 70.4%, n=54), followed by groundwater, springs, and soil water. The results of this study indicate that a thorough analysis of the δ2H-δ18O relationship in isotope hydrology studies is recommended, as well as considering the measurement errors for both δ2H and δ18O, and the presence of outliers. In case of small measurement errors and no significant differences between the slopes, we suggest the application of the widely used OLS regression. Conversely, if the computed slopes are significantly different, we recommend investigating the possible reasons for such discrepancies and prefer the RMA over the MA approach, as the latter tends to be more sensitive to data with high leverage (i.e., data points with extreme δ18O values).
C. Marchina; G. Zuecco; G. Chiogna; G. Bianchini; L. Carturan; F. Comiti; M. Engel; C. Natali; M. Borga; Daniele Penna. Alternative methods to determine the δ2H-δ18O relationship: An application to different water types. Journal of Hydrology 2020, 587, 124951 .
AMA StyleC. Marchina, G. Zuecco, G. Chiogna, G. Bianchini, L. Carturan, F. Comiti, M. Engel, C. Natali, M. Borga, Daniele Penna. Alternative methods to determine the δ2H-δ18O relationship: An application to different water types. Journal of Hydrology. 2020; 587 ():124951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Marchina; G. Zuecco; G. Chiogna; G. Bianchini; L. Carturan; F. Comiti; M. Engel; C. Natali; M. Borga; Daniele Penna. 2020. "Alternative methods to determine the δ2H-δ18O relationship: An application to different water types." Journal of Hydrology 587, no. : 124951.
In the Republic of Macedonia, construction and demolition (C&D) waste is often dumped, underestimating the potential recycling and re-use as raw materials for civil engineering works and/or cement/ceramic industries. SAMCODE (Sustainable Approach to Managing Construction and Demolition Waste) is a know-how exchange program, the focus of which is chemical characterisation in terms of major and trace elements in order to evaluate the possible Macedonian C&D waste recycling. Thirty-nine C&D waste samples were collected from different dumps in Skopje and surroundings. X-ray fluorescence analyses, carried out on powdered samples, show i) highly variable concentrations, indicative of the heterogenous nature of C&D waste, and ii) high concentration in Cr, Ni, and Zn with respect to Italian, Chinese, and Dutch tolerance limits, probably due to the presence of these elements in ophiolitic rocks and sulphide-bearing deposits, used as raw material in building activity. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses of leachates, performed to assess the mobility of heavy metals, show significant concentrations of Cr, and to a lesser extent, Ni. Results suggest that homogenisation processes of the recycled materials should be implemented and preliminary screening of C&D waste should be performed to eliminate heavy metals-bearing components.
Gianluca Bianchini; Igor Ristovski; Igor Milcov; Alojz Zupac; Claudio Natali; Gian Marco Salani; Chiara Marchina; Valentina Brombin; Andrea Ferraboschi. Chemical Characterisation of Construction and Demolition Waste in Skopje City and Its Surroundings (Republic of Macedonia). Sustainability 2020, 12, 2055 .
AMA StyleGianluca Bianchini, Igor Ristovski, Igor Milcov, Alojz Zupac, Claudio Natali, Gian Marco Salani, Chiara Marchina, Valentina Brombin, Andrea Ferraboschi. Chemical Characterisation of Construction and Demolition Waste in Skopje City and Its Surroundings (Republic of Macedonia). Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):2055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Bianchini; Igor Ristovski; Igor Milcov; Alojz Zupac; Claudio Natali; Gian Marco Salani; Chiara Marchina; Valentina Brombin; Andrea Ferraboschi. 2020. "Chemical Characterisation of Construction and Demolition Waste in Skopje City and Its Surroundings (Republic of Macedonia)." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 2055.
Ultramafic xenoliths are rarely found at convergent plate margins. A notable exception is in the Betic Cordillera of southern Spain, where the eruption of xenolith-bearing alkaline basalts during the Pliocene post-dated the Cenozoic phase of plate convergence and subduction-related magmatism. Mantle xenoliths of the monogenetic volcano of Tallante display extreme compositional heterogeneities, plausibly related to multiple tectono-magmatic episodes that affected the area. This study focuses on two peculiar composite mantle xenolith samples from Tallante, where mantle peridotite is crosscut by felsic veins of different size and mineralogy, including quartz, orthopyroxene, and plagioclase. The veins are separated from the peridotite matrix by an orthopyroxene-rich reaction zone, indicating that the causative agents were alkali-rich hydrous silica-oversaturated melts, which were likely related to recycling of subducted continental crust components. The present study reports new and detailed major and trace elements and Sr-Nd-Pb analyses of the minerals in the composite Tallante xenoliths that confirm the continental crust derivation of the metasomatic melts, and clarifies the mode in which subduction-related components are transferred to the mantle wedge in orogenic areas. The particular REE patterns of the studied minerals, as well as the variation of the isotopic ratios between the different zones of the composite xenoliths, reveal a complex metasomatic process. The distribution of the different elements, and their isotope ratios, in the studied xenoliths are controlled by the mineral phases stabilised by the interaction between the percolating melts and the peridotitic country rock. The persistence of marked isotopic heterogeneities and the lack of re-equilibration suggest that metasomatism of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle occurred shortly before the xenolith exhumation. In this scenario, the studied xenoliths and the metasomatic processes that affected them may be representative of the mantle sources of mafic potassic to ultrapotassic magmas occurring in post-collisional tectonic settings.
Riccardo Avanzinelli; Gianluca Bianchini; Massimo Tiepolo; Alia Jasim; Claudio Natali; Eleonora Braschi; Luigi Dallai; Luigi Beccaluva; Sandro Conticelli. Subduction-related hybridization of the lithospheric mantle revealed by trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data in composite xenoliths from Tallante (Betic Cordillera, Spain). Lithos 2019, 352-353, 105316 .
AMA StyleRiccardo Avanzinelli, Gianluca Bianchini, Massimo Tiepolo, Alia Jasim, Claudio Natali, Eleonora Braschi, Luigi Dallai, Luigi Beccaluva, Sandro Conticelli. Subduction-related hybridization of the lithospheric mantle revealed by trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data in composite xenoliths from Tallante (Betic Cordillera, Spain). Lithos. 2019; 352-353 ():105316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRiccardo Avanzinelli; Gianluca Bianchini; Massimo Tiepolo; Alia Jasim; Claudio Natali; Eleonora Braschi; Luigi Dallai; Luigi Beccaluva; Sandro Conticelli. 2019. "Subduction-related hybridization of the lithospheric mantle revealed by trace element and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic data in composite xenoliths from Tallante (Betic Cordillera, Spain)." Lithos 352-353, no. : 105316.
The quantification of soil carbon pools is a pressing topic both for the agriculture productivity and to evaluate the Greenhouse Gases (GHG) sequestration potential, therefore a rapid and precise analytical protocol for carbon speciation is needed.Temperature-dependent differentiation of soil carbon in compliance with the DIN (German Institute for Standardization) 19539 standard has been applied for the first time on 24 agricultural soil samples from the Po River Plain (Italy), with the aim of investigate their thermal behavior in the 50-900 °C interval. The results invariably show the existence of three soil carbon pools having different thermal stabilities, namely, thermally labile organic carbon (TOC400), residual oxidizable carbon (ROC) and total inorganic carbon (TIC900), in the intervals of 300-400 °C, 510-600 °C and 700-900 °C, respectively. Significant relationships have been observed between the above mentioned organic and inorganic carbon pools and the associated isotopic composition: 1) inverse correlation between TOC400/ROC and δ13C links thermal stability and soil organic matter (SOM) composition; 2) direct correlation between carbonate breakdown temperature and δ13C denotes the mineralogical association of the inorganic pool. The results give clues regarding the nature and evolution of soil carbon pools.
C. Natali; G. Bianchini; P. Carlino. Thermal stability of soil carbon pools: Inferences on soil nature and evolution. Thermochimica Acta 2019, 683, 178478 .
AMA StyleC. Natali, G. Bianchini, P. Carlino. Thermal stability of soil carbon pools: Inferences on soil nature and evolution. Thermochimica Acta. 2019; 683 ():178478.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Natali; G. Bianchini; P. Carlino. 2019. "Thermal stability of soil carbon pools: Inferences on soil nature and evolution." Thermochimica Acta 683, no. : 178478.
Sulfide mineralization in the province of Trento (northeastern Italy) includes various mineral assemblages that are often silver-rich and have been exploited in different phases from the Middle Ages until the 20th century. This study investigates mineralized rocks from three historically important sites (Calisio mount, Erdemolo lake, and the locality of Cinque Valli), providing new analytical data (Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry on bulk rocks, and Scanning Electron Microscopy on thin sections) that demonstrate that parageneses do not only include galena, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite but also accessory minerals, such as tetrahedrite, tennantite, acanthite, and sulfosalts (matildite/polybasite). This explains the high content of As (up to 278 ppm), Bi (up to 176 ppm), and Sb (up to 691 ppm) that are associated with Pb–Cu–Zn mineralization. Notably, trace-element ratios indicate that, although closely associated from a geographical point of view, the studied sites are not genetically related and have to be referred to in distinct mineralization events, possibly induced by three diverse magmatic and hydrothermal phases that occurred in the Variscan post-orogenic setting. Besides geological and petrogenetic reconstruction, the new data outline potential geochemical risks, as they reveal a high concentration of elements characterized by marked toxicity that can be transferred into the local soil and water. Therefore, future studies should be devoted to better investigating the metal distribution in the surroundings of ancient mining sites and their geochemical behavior during the weathering processes.
Gianluca Bianchini; Claudio Natali; Paolo Ferretti; Lara Casagrande; Manuel Conedera; Chiara Marchina. Trace-Element Distribution on Sulfide Mineralization in Trento Province, NE Italy. Minerals 2019, 9, 736 .
AMA StyleGianluca Bianchini, Claudio Natali, Paolo Ferretti, Lara Casagrande, Manuel Conedera, Chiara Marchina. Trace-Element Distribution on Sulfide Mineralization in Trento Province, NE Italy. Minerals. 2019; 9 (12):736.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Bianchini; Claudio Natali; Paolo Ferretti; Lara Casagrande; Manuel Conedera; Chiara Marchina. 2019. "Trace-Element Distribution on Sulfide Mineralization in Trento Province, NE Italy." Minerals 9, no. 12: 736.
Construction materials affected by black crusts (BCs) can be subjected to restoration, demolition, recycling or even to their management as waste products. Therefore, the determination of their chemical features should be considered a crucial step before undertaking any action. In this work, we present the development of an analytical methodology useful to be implemented as a routine screening tool to detect recent and past atmospheric emissions of heavy metals, nowadays superficially deposited or even encapsulated in BCs. For its development, BCs together with the underneath original substrate/construction material were sampled from the historical construction Punta Begoña Galleries (Getxo, Basque Country, North of Spain). In order to detect quickly and in a cost-effective way the stratification of the metallic deposits in the BCs over time (surface or external/recent and internal/past), thin sections were analyzed by elemental spectroscopic imaging techniques (SEM-EDS and μ-ED-XRF). In the external part of the BCs, iron particles were mainly identified, whereas in the inner areas (past deposition events) of the most exposed BCs to the atmosphere, lead accumulations together with zinc and copper were identified. Additional Raman imaging studies allowed to perform the molecular speciation study of lead, identifying mainly laurionite (PbClOH) together with hydrocerussite (Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2). The presence of the mentioned lead chloride hydroxide confirms the role of the marine aerosol (chloride input) in the formation of the metallic compounds. These experimental evidences were used to assist the chemical equilibrium models developed to explain the reactivity pathway, which lead to the formation of the identified compounds. Through ICP-MS and lead isotopic ratio analysis, more than 3000 mg kg−1 of lead were quantified in the BCs, probably coming from the old emissions conducted by the old power station close to the construction,. That lead content can be high enough to consider those crusts as a source of metallic contamination and a possible risk to the environment and human health.
Cristina García-Florentino; Maite Maguregui; Chiara Ciantelli; Alessandro Sardella; Alessandra Bonazza; Ignasi Queralt; Jose Antonio Carrero; Claudio Natali; Hector Morillas; Juan Manuel Madariaga; Gorka Arana. Deciphering past and present atmospheric metal pollution of urban environments: The role of black crusts formed on historical constructions. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 243, 118594 .
AMA StyleCristina García-Florentino, Maite Maguregui, Chiara Ciantelli, Alessandro Sardella, Alessandra Bonazza, Ignasi Queralt, Jose Antonio Carrero, Claudio Natali, Hector Morillas, Juan Manuel Madariaga, Gorka Arana. Deciphering past and present atmospheric metal pollution of urban environments: The role of black crusts formed on historical constructions. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 243 ():118594.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina García-Florentino; Maite Maguregui; Chiara Ciantelli; Alessandro Sardella; Alessandra Bonazza; Ignasi Queralt; Jose Antonio Carrero; Claudio Natali; Hector Morillas; Juan Manuel Madariaga; Gorka Arana. 2019. "Deciphering past and present atmospheric metal pollution of urban environments: The role of black crusts formed on historical constructions." Journal of Cleaner Production 243, no. : 118594.
Magmas in volcanic arcs have geochemical and isotopic signatures that can be related to mantle metasomatism due to fluids and melts released by the down-going oceanic crust and overlying sediments, which modify the chemistry and mineralogy of the mantle wedge. However, the effectiveness of subduction-related metasomatic processes is difficult to evaluate because the composition of arc magmas is often overprinted by interactions with crustal lithologies occurring during magma ascent and emplacement. Here, we show unequivocal evidence for recycling of continental crust components into the mantle. Veined peridotite xenoliths sampled from Tallante monogenetic volcanoes in the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain) provide insights for mantle domains that reacted with Si-rich melts derived by partial melting of subducted crustal material. Felsic veins crosscutting peridotite and the surrounding orthopyroxene-rich metasomatic aureoles show the highest 18O/16O ratios measured to date in upper mantle assemblages worldwide. The anomalously high oxygen isotope compositions, coupled with very high 87Sr/86Sr values, imply the continental crust origin of the injected melts. Isotopic anomalies are progressively attenuated in peridotite away from the veins, showing 18O isotope variations well correlated with the amount of newly formed orthopyroxene. Diffusion may also affect the isotope ratios of mantle rocks undergoing crustal metasomatism due to the relaxation of 18O isotope anomalies to normal mantle values through time. Overall, the data define an O isotope “benchmark” allowing discrimination between mantle sources that attained re-equilibration after metasomatism (>5 Myr) and those affected by more recent subduction-derived enrichment processes.
Luigi Dallai; Gianluca Bianchini; Riccardo Avanzinelli; Claudio Natali; Sandro Conticelli. Heavy oxygen recycled into the lithospheric mantle. Scientific Reports 2019, 9, 1 -7.
AMA StyleLuigi Dallai, Gianluca Bianchini, Riccardo Avanzinelli, Claudio Natali, Sandro Conticelli. Heavy oxygen recycled into the lithospheric mantle. Scientific Reports. 2019; 9 (1):1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuigi Dallai; Gianluca Bianchini; Riccardo Avanzinelli; Claudio Natali; Sandro Conticelli. 2019. "Heavy oxygen recycled into the lithospheric mantle." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1: 1-7.
The year 2017 was anomalously warm and dry across the whole Italian Peninsula, and the paucity of precipitation was emphasized during the extreme summer drought of the main Italian river, i.e., the Po river, which was characterized by a discharge persistently below 600 m3/s (in spite of the average discharge of 1500 m3/s). During these extreme conditions, the Po river oxygen and hydrogen stable isotopes (δD, δ18O) displayed a relation (δD = 6.1*δ18O − 6.6) significantly different from that recorded in the previous investigation of the years 2012–2014 (δD = 7.5*δ18O + 6.5). The lowering of the slope and the negative intercept clearly reflect the transition toward arid conditions that characterized the investigated period. The difference is expressed by the derivative parameter Line-Conditioned excess (LC-exc), which better describes the compositional difference of Po river water in the year 2017 with respect to that of the period 2012–2014, when the system was less affected by warm or dry conditions and the river discharge was more similar to the historical trends. The isotopic anomaly observed in 2017 throughout the river is even greater in the terminal part of the river, where in the meanders of the deltaic branches, the river flow progressively slows down, suffering significant evaporation. The isotopic signature of the water appears, therefore, an appropriate tool to monitor the watershed response to evolving environmental conditions. These sensitive isotopic parameters could be interpreted as “essential climate variables” (ECV) that are physical, chemical, or biological geo-referenced parameters that critically contribute to the characterization of Earth’s climate. Future research needs to find relationships between ECV (including the water stable isotopes) and the evolution of ecosystems, which especially in the Mediterranean area, appear to be fragile and severely affected by natural and anthropogenic processes.
Chiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini. The Po River Water Isotopes during the Drought Condition of the Year 2017. Water 2019, 11, 150 .
AMA StyleChiara Marchina, Claudio Natali, Gianluca Bianchini. The Po River Water Isotopes during the Drought Condition of the Year 2017. Water. 2019; 11 (1):150.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChiara Marchina; Claudio Natali; Gianluca Bianchini. 2019. "The Po River Water Isotopes during the Drought Condition of the Year 2017." Water 11, no. 1: 150.
Carbon and nitrogen elemental (C-N, wt%) and isotopic (δ13C-δ15N, ‰) investigation has been carried out on alluvial and deltaic soils from the Padanian plain (northern Italy), an area interested by intensive agricultural activities, to refine previous inferences on depositional facies, pedogenetic processes and anthropogenic influences. Soil analysis, carried out by EA-IRMS, have been focused on inorganic and organic fractions properly speciated by a thermally-based method, whereas further insights on the organic matter constituents have been obtained by sequential fractionation. The bulk EA-IRMS analyses reveal a remarkable compositional heterogeneity of the investigated soils (TC 0.89 to 11.93 wt%, TN 0.01 to 0.78 wt%, δ13CTC -1.2 to -28.2‰, δ15N -1.2 to 10.0‰) that has to be explained as an integration between inorganic and organic pools. The latter have been subdivided in Non-Extractable Organic Matter (NEOM, δ13C -16.3 to -28.6‰) and in extractable fractions as Fulvic (FA, δ13C -24.7 to -27.5‰, δ15N 0.6 to 5.7‰) and Humic (HA, δ13C -24.6 to -27.0‰, δ15N 1.0 to 9.7‰) Acids, which have been used to infer soil dynamics and Soil Organic Matter (SOM) stability processes. Results indicate that SOM at depth of 100 cm was generally affected by microbial reworking, with the exception of clayey and peaty deposits in which biological activity seems inhibited. Peaty and clayey soils display an organic fraction loss of ca. 20% toward the surface, suggesting deterioration possibly induced by intensive agricultural activities. These latter may be the cause of the ubiquitous losses of organic fraction throughout the investigated area over the last seventy years, evaluated by the comparison with historical data on corresponding topsoils. The obtained insights are very important because these soils are carbon (and nitrogen) sinks that are vulnerable and can be degraded, loosing agricultural productivity and potentially contributing to greenhouse gases fluxes.
C. Natali; G. Bianchini; L. Vittori Antisari; M. Natale; U. Tessari. Carbon and nitrogen pools in Padanian soils (Italy): Origin and dynamics of soil organic matter. Geochemistry 2018, 78, 490 -499.
AMA StyleC. Natali, G. Bianchini, L. Vittori Antisari, M. Natale, U. Tessari. Carbon and nitrogen pools in Padanian soils (Italy): Origin and dynamics of soil organic matter. Geochemistry. 2018; 78 (4):490-499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Natali; G. Bianchini; L. Vittori Antisari; M. Natale; U. Tessari. 2018. "Carbon and nitrogen pools in Padanian soils (Italy): Origin and dynamics of soil organic matter." Geochemistry 78, no. 4: 490-499.
Strontium isotopic composition (87Sr/86Sr) of river water provides insight on the nature of rocks involved in the weathering processes and important constraints for reconstructing silicate versus carbonate weathering in large scale basins. New data, presented in the context of a geochemical map of the Po river basin, highlight that the Po river water evolves from the upper part of the catchment, where 87Sr/86Sr approaching 0.7097 relates to the weathering of igneous and metamorphic silicate rocks, to the middle part, where less radiogenic compositions (87Sr/86Sr ∼ 0.7089) are driven by the confluence of the tributaries draining Mesozoic carbonate rocks of the South Alpine domain and from inflow of Apennine streams characterized by less radiogenic Sr signatures due to weathering of marly sediments and mafic magmatic rocks. Down flow, the Sr isotopic compositions of Po river water rises at 0.7091 either by the confluence of the last Apennine tributary (Panaro, 87Sr/86Sr ∼ 0.7095) and/or by the possible contribution from hyporheic exchanges. Po river isotopic signatures reveal slightly more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr in comparison to other important Alpine river systems (e.g. Danube, Rhine and Rhône), likely suggesting that silicate rocks are comparatively contributing more weathering byproducts in the Po basin.
C. Marchina; C. Natali; M.F. Fahnestock; M. Pennisi; J. Bryce; G. Bianchini. Strontium isotopic composition of the Po river dissolved load: Insights into rock weathering in Northern Italy. Applied Geochemistry 2018, 97, 187 -196.
AMA StyleC. Marchina, C. Natali, M.F. Fahnestock, M. Pennisi, J. Bryce, G. Bianchini. Strontium isotopic composition of the Po river dissolved load: Insights into rock weathering in Northern Italy. Applied Geochemistry. 2018; 97 ():187-196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleC. Marchina; C. Natali; M.F. Fahnestock; M. Pennisi; J. Bryce; G. Bianchini. 2018. "Strontium isotopic composition of the Po river dissolved load: Insights into rock weathering in Northern Italy." Applied Geochemistry 97, no. : 187-196.
Basic dykes crosscutting the crystalline basement in Valsugana (Southern Alps, Italy) have been investigated for the first time in the framework of the known tectonomagmatic cycles. Petrographic observations and bulk rock analyses suggest a serial affinity variable between calc‐alkaline (subordinate) and shoshonitic (prevalent), which are generally ascribed to a convergent plate setting. This is confirmed by Sr‐Nd‐Pb isotopic analyses that display extreme values that are often observed in postcollisional settings. A bulk rock Rb‐Sr pseudoisochron suggests an age of the magmatism around 260 Ma, whereas K‐Ar datings yield ages between 227 and 251 Ma, suggesting that these dykes plausibly represent a transition between the Permian and the Triassic volcanic episodes that are known in neighboring sectors of the Southern Alps. Considering that Permo‐Triassic active subduction beneath the South Alpine is scarcely constrained, we ascribe the metasomatism of the related mantle sources to the Variscan cycle, proposing that magma genesis was delayed with respect to the time of the active subduction(s). According to recent reconstructions, parts of southeastern Europe, including the South Alpine domain, were formed by the breakup of the northern Gondwana margin from the Late Cambrian, in connection with important transtensional movements, leaving rifted continental basins or narrow oceanic seaways. In our view, the subduction processes that induced metasomatism in mantle sources of the South Alpine region occurred in the connection with the subsequent (Carboniferous?) consumption of lithosphere of these basins, a framework that is compatible with pervasive recycling of continental crust components within the mantle wedge. Then, calc‐alkaline/shoshonite magmatism was triggered in the Early Triassic by postcollisional extensional tectonics that followed the Variscan orogenic cycle.
Gianluca Bianchini; Claudio Natali; Tomoyuki Shibata; Masako Yoshikawa. Basic Dykes Crosscutting the Crystalline Basement of Valsugana (Italy): New Evidence of Early Triassic Volcanism in the Southern Alps. Tectonics 2018, 37, 2080 -2093.
AMA StyleGianluca Bianchini, Claudio Natali, Tomoyuki Shibata, Masako Yoshikawa. Basic Dykes Crosscutting the Crystalline Basement of Valsugana (Italy): New Evidence of Early Triassic Volcanism in the Southern Alps. Tectonics. 2018; 37 (7):2080-2093.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGianluca Bianchini; Claudio Natali; Tomoyuki Shibata; Masako Yoshikawa. 2018. "Basic Dykes Crosscutting the Crystalline Basement of Valsugana (Italy): New Evidence of Early Triassic Volcanism in the Southern Alps." Tectonics 37, no. 7: 2080-2093.