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Kaleem Ullah
US-Pakistan Center for Advanced Study in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan

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Review
Published: 22 April 2021 in Energies
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Automatic generation control (AGC) is primarily responsible for ensuring the smooth and efficient operation of an electric power system. The main goal of AGC is to keep the operating frequency under prescribed limits and maintain the interchange power at the intended level. Therefore, an AGC system must be supplemented with modern and intelligent control techniques to provide adequate power supply. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of various AGC models in diverse configurations of the power system. Initially, the history of power system AGC models is explored and the basic operation of AGC in a multi-area interconnected power system is presented. An in-depth analysis of various control methods used to mitigate the AGC issues is provided. Application of fast-acting energy storage devices, high voltage direct current (HVDC) interconnections, and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) devices in the AGC systems are investigated. Furthermore, AGC systems employed in different renewable energy generation systems are overviewed and are summarized in tabulated form. AGC techniques in different configurations of microgrid and smart grid are also presented in detail. A thorough overview of various AGC issues in a deregulated power system is provided by considering the different contract scenarios. Moreover, AGC systems with an additional objective of economic dispatch is investigated and an overview of worldwide AGC practices is provided. Finally, the paper concludes with an emphasis on the prospective study in the field of AGC.

ACS Style

Kaleem Ullah; Abdul Basit; Zahid Ullah; Sheraz Aslam; Herodotos Herodotou. Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview. Energies 2021, 14, 2376 .

AMA Style

Kaleem Ullah, Abdul Basit, Zahid Ullah, Sheraz Aslam, Herodotos Herodotou. Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaleem Ullah; Abdul Basit; Zahid Ullah; Sheraz Aslam; Herodotos Herodotou. 2021. "Automatic Generation Control Strategies in Conventional and Modern Power Systems: A Comprehensive Overview." Energies 14, no. 9: 2376.

Review article
Published: 06 August 2020 in Journal of Cleaner Production
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Large-scale EVs acceptance would certainly lead to relieving major issues, including carbon pollution, petroleum dependence, and economic prosperity. However, Pakistan confronting a range of cross-sectoral and multifarious impediments has recently decided to switch from ICEs to EVs with a variety of policy options for auto manufacturers, customers, and worldwide stakeholders. This paper gives a detailed overview of ongoing EVs maturation and addresses some of the main adaptation challenges and opportunities in Pakistan. The review shows that state financial subsidies, market prices, technical malignancy, and social drawbacks are some of the most significant obstacles for EVs to join the current market. Hence, recommendations are stipulated in compliance with the corresponding obstacles to encourage the competence and expansion of the EVs industry which will contribute to more secure futures. On the other hand, Pakistan's transition to EVs offers some exciting milestones, there is a need to adopt a proactive and effective strategy to track the positive aspects of fast progress and optimize its benefits.

ACS Style

Rafiq Asghar; Faisal Rehman; Zahid Ullah; Affaq Qamar; Kaleem Ullah; Kashif Iqbal; Ali Aman; Agha Ali Nawaz. Electric vehicles and key adaptation challenges and prospects in Pakistan: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 278, 123375 .

AMA Style

Rafiq Asghar, Faisal Rehman, Zahid Ullah, Affaq Qamar, Kaleem Ullah, Kashif Iqbal, Ali Aman, Agha Ali Nawaz. Electric vehicles and key adaptation challenges and prospects in Pakistan: A comprehensive review. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 278 ():123375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafiq Asghar; Faisal Rehman; Zahid Ullah; Affaq Qamar; Kaleem Ullah; Kashif Iqbal; Ali Aman; Agha Ali Nawaz. 2020. "Electric vehicles and key adaptation challenges and prospects in Pakistan: A comprehensive review." Journal of Cleaner Production 278, no. : 123375.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)
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Demand side management (DSM) is a promising domain for utility managers and policymakers to curtail consumers load within smart grid (SG). Due to demand-supply mismanagement, various problems arise, such as (a) voltage drift (b) current variation, (c) active and reactive-power mismatch, (d) reduced consumer empowerment and consumer satisfaction, and (e) low economic development of utility in the wholesale market. Considering above, there is a pressing need to emphasize DSM for an optimized operation of SG system. With this motivation, we reviewed demand response programs (DRPs) and load forecasting schemes (LFSs) as primary operational entities for efficient operation of SG. Moreover, we investigated the role of various DRPs for peak-shaving of consumer's load profile. Furthermore, the vital role of LFSs in economic development stabilized the operation of SG system, and inter-relationship to DRPS is reviewed. Finally, a case study is presented describing computer-based simulation study of DRPs and LFSs utilizing real-time data of Texas (USA).

ACS Style

Kaleem Ullah; Zahid Ullah; Irfanullah Khan; Fazale Wahab; Waqar Uddin; Athar Waseem; Aun Haider; Ghulam Hafeez; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Khadim Ullah Jan. Load Forecasting Schemes and Demand Response Programs within Smart Grid. 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kaleem Ullah, Zahid Ullah, Irfanullah Khan, Fazale Wahab, Waqar Uddin, Athar Waseem, Aun Haider, Ghulam Hafeez, Sahibzada Muhammad Ali, Khadim Ullah Jan. Load Forecasting Schemes and Demand Response Programs within Smart Grid. 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE). 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaleem Ullah; Zahid Ullah; Irfanullah Khan; Fazale Wahab; Waqar Uddin; Athar Waseem; Aun Haider; Ghulam Hafeez; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Khadim Ullah Jan. 2020. "Load Forecasting Schemes and Demand Response Programs within Smart Grid." 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 June 2020 in 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE)
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The recent trend of renewable energy resources penetration into the electricity supply mix has put forward more requirements on the power grid for the quality of supply. Integration of distributed generation units into the power grid has increased planning and operational challenges. Considering the above, capacity planning, grid operations, and demand-side management need to be addressed for beneficial integration. This paper presents a detailed study on renewable energy resources (RERs) integration within smart grid (SG). We present the advantages, complexities, issues, and promising solutions for deploying renewables in the SG environment. Our work also analyzes the efficient integration of RERs in an electricity market with enhanced generation capacity, improved power quality, and increased reliability. This paper also reviewed the issues pertaining to the integration of renewables into SG. In addition, a detailed model of SG with integrated renewables is also presented. Moreover, this work provides a perspective view of SG in terms of evolution, economic growth, and barriers to its implementation. Furthermore, technical issues and challenges pertaining to the penetration of RERs within SG are also discussed.

ACS Style

Zahid Ullah; Rafiq Asghar; Irfanullah Khan; Kaleem Ullah; Athar Waseem; Fazale Wahab; Aun Haider; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Khadim Ullah Jan. Renewable Energy Resources Penetration within Smart Grid: An Overview. 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Zahid Ullah, Rafiq Asghar, Irfanullah Khan, Kaleem Ullah, Athar Waseem, Fazale Wahab, Aun Haider, Sahibzada Muhammad Ali, Khadim Ullah Jan. Renewable Energy Resources Penetration within Smart Grid: An Overview. 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE). 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zahid Ullah; Rafiq Asghar; Irfanullah Khan; Kaleem Ullah; Athar Waseem; Fazale Wahab; Aun Haider; Sahibzada Muhammad Ali; Khadim Ullah Jan. 2020. "Renewable Energy Resources Penetration within Smart Grid: An Overview." 2020 International Conference on Electrical, Communication, and Computer Engineering (ICECCE) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)
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Electric Vehicles (EVs) evolution brought a revolutionary change in the domain of electric transformation. The development of EVs is growing day-by-day. The rapid growth in EV technology is diverting consumers from normal cars to electric vehicles. EV has become the need of the modern era. Fossil fuel reserves are depleting which results in inflation of fuel prices. The solution to this problem is to develop new technologies that are independent of fossil fuels. EVs are the answer to the massive increase in oil prices. Therefore, this paper presents two interactive modes of EVs, namely: (a) Grid- to-Vehicle (G2V) and (b) Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) operational modes. Moreover, interactions of V2G and G2V are discussed with respect to SG dynamics and control. Finally, a case study of EVs operating in Wide Area Smart Grid System (WASGS) is presented in the context of (a) wide area system stability, (b) voltage control, and (c) active and reactive power management. The computer-based simulation of EVs is evaluated in three areas of the WASGS with distributed parking stations.

ACS Style

A. Basit; Z. Ullah; I. Khan; Kaleem Ullah; M. A. Sarwar; S. M. Ali; B. Khan; C. A. Mehmood. Electric Vehicles Interactions for Efficient Energy Performance within Smart Grid. 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

A. Basit, Z. Ullah, I. Khan, Kaleem Ullah, M. A. Sarwar, S. M. Ali, B. Khan, C. A. Mehmood. Electric Vehicles Interactions for Efficient Energy Performance within Smart Grid. 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Basit; Z. Ullah; I. Khan; Kaleem Ullah; M. A. Sarwar; S. M. Ali; B. Khan; C. A. Mehmood. 2020. "Electric Vehicles Interactions for Efficient Energy Performance within Smart Grid." 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2020 in 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET)
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For the Smart Grid (SG) reliability and security, a proficient LFC scheme is highly imperative. However, due to large oscillations, the LFC obligation is not fully viable. Thus, to overcome this inadequacy, an EVs system is employed in the SG that regulates both the frequency and tie-line power variations. The dispersed nature of the EV system facilitates the LFC in compensating the volume insufficiency. In this paper, a comprehensive analysis has been conducted that appraises the impact of load disturbance on the EVs based SG system. Four different control areas are taken for observation and changes in load are anticipated at various sampling times. Matlab-based simulations are carried out that compared the consequences of the load disturbance when the system adapted the PID, Ce-MPC and De-PMC controllers. Simulation outcomes also considered the influences of each control area on its neighbouring area that is coupled through a tie-line. From the results, it is concluded that the De-MPC has edged over other controllers in term of parameter control and improves the stability of the EVs based SG.

ACS Style

Rafiq Asghar; A. Ali; F. Rehman; R. Ullah; Kaleem Ullah; Z. Ullah; M. A. Sarwar; B. Khan. Load Frequency Control for EVs based Smart Grid System using PID and MPC. 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) 2020, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Rafiq Asghar, A. Ali, F. Rehman, R. Ullah, Kaleem Ullah, Z. Ullah, M. A. Sarwar, B. Khan. Load Frequency Control for EVs based Smart Grid System using PID and MPC. 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET). 2020; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafiq Asghar; A. Ali; F. Rehman; R. Ullah; Kaleem Ullah; Z. Ullah; M. A. Sarwar; B. Khan. 2020. "Load Frequency Control for EVs based Smart Grid System using PID and MPC." 2020 3rd International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies (iCoMET) , no. : 1-6.

Conference paper
Published: 01 December 2019 in 2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET)
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With the booming penetration of renewable energies, grid tied inverters are finding increased application. For control decoupling and power stabilization of grid-tied PV systems, DC-link capacitors are extensively employed. Efficient and fast DC-link control is required to reduce ripples, limit fluctuation in input DC voltage of the inverter and decrease DC- link capacitor. This paper presents a Fuzzy-logic based PI controller for 3 kW single phase grid tied PV system. To inject excellent quality current into grid a Resonant Harmonic Compensator RHC based Proportional Resonant (PR) controller is adopted. MATLAB ® /Simulink is the software used for test bench. The results are compared with/without feedforward loop of P PV through graphical and tabulated analysis with a fine-tuned PI controller. The design controller guarantees fast, robust, reliable, efficient performance.

ACS Style

Kamran Zeb; Saif Ul Islam; Waqar Uddin; Kaleem Ullah; Rafiq Asghar; T. D.C. Busarello; Hee Je Kim. DC-link Voltage Regulation of Single-Phase Grid- Tied PV System using Fuzzy-PI Controller. 2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET) 2019, 1 -6.

AMA Style

Kamran Zeb, Saif Ul Islam, Waqar Uddin, Kaleem Ullah, Rafiq Asghar, T. D.C. Busarello, Hee Je Kim. DC-link Voltage Regulation of Single-Phase Grid- Tied PV System using Fuzzy-PI Controller. 2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET). 2019; ():1-6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kamran Zeb; Saif Ul Islam; Waqar Uddin; Kaleem Ullah; Rafiq Asghar; T. D.C. Busarello; Hee Je Kim. 2019. "DC-link Voltage Regulation of Single-Phase Grid- Tied PV System using Fuzzy-PI Controller." 2019 15th International Conference on Emerging Technologies (ICET) , no. : 1-6.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2019 in IEEE Access
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ACS Style

M. A. Abid; I. Khan; Z. Ullah; Kaleem Ullah; A. Haider; S. M. Ali. Dielectric and Thermal Performance Up-Gradation of Transformer Oil Using Valuable Nano-Particles. IEEE Access 2019, 7, 153509 -153518.

AMA Style

M. A. Abid, I. Khan, Z. Ullah, Kaleem Ullah, A. Haider, S. M. Ali. Dielectric and Thermal Performance Up-Gradation of Transformer Oil Using Valuable Nano-Particles. IEEE Access. 2019; 7 ():153509-153518.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. A. Abid; I. Khan; Z. Ullah; Kaleem Ullah; A. Haider; S. M. Ali. 2019. "Dielectric and Thermal Performance Up-Gradation of Transformer Oil Using Valuable Nano-Particles." IEEE Access 7, no. : 153509-153518.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2019 in Energies
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Increasing large-scale integration of renewables in conventional power system has led to an increase in reserve power requirement owing to the forecasting error. Innovative operating strategies are required for maintaining balance between load and generation in real time, while keeping the reserve power requirement at its minimum. This research work proposes a control strategy for active power balance control without compromising power system security, emphasizing the integration of wind power and flexible load in automatic generation control. Simulations were performed in DIgSILENT for forecasting the modern Danish power system with bulk wind power integration. A high wind day of year 2020 was selected for analysis when wind power plants were contributing 76.7% of the total electricity production. Conventional power plants and power exchange with interconnected power systems utilize an hour-ahead power regulation schedule, while real-time series are used for wind power plants and load demand. Analysis showed that flexible load units along with wind power plants can actively help in reducing real-time power imbalances introduced due to large-scale integration of wind power, thus increasing power system reliability without enhancing the reserve power requirement from conventional power plants.

ACS Style

Abdul Basit; Tanvir Ahmad; Asfand Yar Ali; Kaleem Ullah; Gussan Mufti; Anca Daniela Hansen. Flexible Modern Power System: Real-Time Power Balancing through Load and Wind Power. Energies 2019, 12, 1710 .

AMA Style

Abdul Basit, Tanvir Ahmad, Asfand Yar Ali, Kaleem Ullah, Gussan Mufti, Anca Daniela Hansen. Flexible Modern Power System: Real-Time Power Balancing through Load and Wind Power. Energies. 2019; 12 (9):1710.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Basit; Tanvir Ahmad; Asfand Yar Ali; Kaleem Ullah; Gussan Mufti; Anca Daniela Hansen. 2019. "Flexible Modern Power System: Real-Time Power Balancing through Load and Wind Power." Energies 12, no. 9: 1710.