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Stanisław Świtek
Mgr inż. Stanisław Świtek (autor korespondencyjny), Instytut Zoologii, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu, ul. Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-637 Poznań, Polska

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Journal article
Published: 04 February 2020 in Sustainability
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Integrated pest management (IPM), a worldwide agricultural strategy, contains methods to control or manage agricultural pests and diseases in a more efficient way, and consequently, to obtain better quality raw materials for food production. The engagement and practice of farmers play a key role in the success of this strategy. Since January 1, 2014, Poland and other European Union countries have been obligated to apply the principles of IPM. This paper shows the results of surveys conducted in 280 randomly selected farms the year before and the year following mandatory IPM implementation. The aim of this study was to gather information about farmers’ knowledge of IPM and the most commonly used plant protection methods. Our results show that law regulations do not significantly change agricultural practice. Among the non-chemical methods farmers most often comply with are: implementing the agrochemical calendar, sowing healthy material, destroying volunteer plants, rotating crop, applying balanced fertilizer, plowing stubble and preventing excess nitrogen. Integrated plant protection is not possible without proper knowledge of diseases. This factor needs improvement in Poland. The average Polish farmer lacks the knowledge about basic cereal diseases such as powdery mildew or brown rust, though larger farm operators tend to be more knowledgeable. The results of this survey demonstrate the necessity to provide informative farmer training campaigns to promote on-farm application of IPM and to improve the knowledge of disease issues.

ACS Style

Zuzanna Sawinska; Stanisław Świtek; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn; Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski. Agricultural Practice in Poland Before and After Mandatory IPM Implementation by the European Union. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1107 .

AMA Style

Zuzanna Sawinska, Stanisław Świtek, Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski. Agricultural Practice in Poland Before and After Mandatory IPM Implementation by the European Union. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):1107.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zuzanna Sawinska; Stanisław Świtek; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn; Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski. 2020. "Agricultural Practice in Poland Before and After Mandatory IPM Implementation by the European Union." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 1107.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2019 in Agronomy
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A reduction in biodiversity due to farming operations has been broadly reported. As a solution, policy makers in the European Union have introduced several programs in recent years to enhance biodiversity on farms but these have met with only limited success. One of the main reasons for this lack of success is that the experience, knowledge and attitudes of farmers are not taken into account when biodiversity conservation programs are formulated. Farmers’ opinions must be taken into consideration in the creation of future programs, which should also include an assessment by the farmers of the value of the nature of their farms. In this study, farmers were asked to express their opinion on the attractiveness of their farm in relation to pollinators, game, birds, amphibians, reptiles, rodents and non-crop (wild) plants. Data were then analysed using a novel method in which each farm was assigned to one of four categories. High nature-value farms contained more natural features in the landscape, such as individual trees or ponds. Socio-economic factors, such as gender, also influenced the farm assessments; female farmers were more critical compared to their male counterparts. The establishment of field margins or watercourse by the farmers significantly increased the possibility that the farm would be classified as attractive.

ACS Style

Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn. A New Approach to Farm Biodiversity Assessment. Agronomy 2019, 9, 551 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Świtek, Zuzanna Sawinska, Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn, Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn. A New Approach to Farm Biodiversity Assessment. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (9):551.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn; Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn. 2019. "A New Approach to Farm Biodiversity Assessment." Agronomy 9, no. 9: 551.

Articles
Published: 07 January 2019 in Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science
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The negative impact on the environment caused by intensive agriculture has been extensively discussed for years. In particular, excessive nitrogen application has been associated with biodiversity loss. Many studies have shown the potential to reduce the use of nitrogen without any impact on crop yield. Maintaining crop yield has been the goal, whereas crop quality has not been considered. In this paper, we investigate the effect of the level of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nitrogen fertiliser application on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) yield and its quality. We show that the absence of nitrogen fertiliser decreased both yield and quality parameters of cereal grain. Quality parameters, such as protein and gluten contents, zeleny value, falling number and hardness were strongly positively influenced by nitrogen fertiliser application. The SOC level had no significant effect on these grain quality parameters. As a result, in the absence of nitrogen fertiliser, grain was not suitable for baking bread. We recommend that in the debate on the potential to limit the use of nitrogen in agricultural production, its impact on grain quality should be taken into consideration, especially at low levels of SOC.

ACS Style

Stanisław Świtek; Viktoria Takacs; Zuzanna Sawinska; Tomasz Kosiada; Piotr Tryjanowski. Mineral nitrogen fertilisers remain a crucial factor even in the ecological intensification of agriculture. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 2019, 69, 311 -316.

AMA Style

Stanisław Świtek, Viktoria Takacs, Zuzanna Sawinska, Tomasz Kosiada, Piotr Tryjanowski. Mineral nitrogen fertilisers remain a crucial factor even in the ecological intensification of agriculture. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science. 2019; 69 (4):311-316.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Świtek; Viktoria Takacs; Zuzanna Sawinska; Tomasz Kosiada; Piotr Tryjanowski. 2019. "Mineral nitrogen fertilisers remain a crucial factor even in the ecological intensification of agriculture." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B — Soil & Plant Science 69, no. 4: 311-316.

Article
Published: 20 February 2018 in Ecosystems
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Soil organic matter (SOM) is declining in most agricultural ecosystems, impacting multiple ecosystem services including erosion and flood prevention, climate and greenhouse gas regulation as well as other services that underpin crop production, such as nutrient cycling and pest control. Ecological intensification aims to enhance crop productivity by including regulating and supporting ecosystem service management into agricultural practices. We investigate the potential for increased SOM to support the ecological intensification of arable systems by reducing the need for nitrogen fertiliser application and pest control. Using a large-scale European field trial implemented across 84 fields in 5 countries, we tested whether increased SOM (using soil organic carbon as a proxy) helps recover yield in the absence of conventional nitrogen fertiliser and whether this also supports crops less favourable to key aphid pests. Greater SOM increased yield by 10%, but did not offset nitrogen fertiliser application entirely, which improved yield by 30%. Crop pest responses depended on species: Metopolophium dirhodum were more abundant in fertilised plots with high crop biomass, and although population growth rates of Sitobion avenae were enhanced by nitrogen fertiliser application in a cage trial, field populations were not affected. We conclude that under increased SOM and reduced fertiliser application, pest pressure can be reduced, while partially compensating for yield deficits linked to fertiliser reduction. If the benefits of reduced fertiliser application and increased SOM are considered in a wider environmental context, then a yield cost may become acceptable. Maintaining or increasing SOM is critical for achieving ecological intensification of European cereal production.

ACS Style

M. P. D. Garratt; Riccardo Bommarco; David Kleijn; Emily Martin; S. R. Mortimer; Sarah Redlich; Deepa Senapathi; I. Steffan-Dewenter; Stanisław Świtek; V. Takács; S. Van Gils; W. H. Van Der Putten; S. G. Potts. Enhancing Soil Organic Matter as a Route to the Ecological Intensification of European Arable Systems. Ecosystems 2018, 21, 1404 -1415.

AMA Style

M. P. D. Garratt, Riccardo Bommarco, David Kleijn, Emily Martin, S. R. Mortimer, Sarah Redlich, Deepa Senapathi, I. Steffan-Dewenter, Stanisław Świtek, V. Takács, S. Van Gils, W. H. Van Der Putten, S. G. Potts. Enhancing Soil Organic Matter as a Route to the Ecological Intensification of European Arable Systems. Ecosystems. 2018; 21 (7):1404-1415.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. P. D. Garratt; Riccardo Bommarco; David Kleijn; Emily Martin; S. R. Mortimer; Sarah Redlich; Deepa Senapathi; I. Steffan-Dewenter; Stanisław Świtek; V. Takács; S. Van Gils; W. H. Van Der Putten; S. G. Potts. 2018. "Enhancing Soil Organic Matter as a Route to the Ecological Intensification of European Arable Systems." Ecosystems 21, no. 7: 1404-1415.

Journal article
Published: 20 December 2017 in Wieś i Rolnictwo
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Streszczenie: Obszary rolnicze stanowią 60% powierzchni Polski i zaliczają się do terenów o najwyższym poziomie bioróżnorodności w Europie. Jednak wraz z intensyfikacją produkcji rolnej ich obecny stan jest bardzo zagrożony. Celem pracy jest wskazanie kluczowych problemów badawczych, które mogą pomóc w ochronie środowiska przyrodniczego polskich obszarów wiejskich. W tym celu od 45 osób związanych naukowo z tą tematyką zebrano odpowiedzi na pytania, które przyporządkowano do jednego z siedmiu obszarów badawczych dotyczących odpowiednio: oceny stanu bioróżnorodności, efektywności polityki jej ochrony, wyboru pomiędzy tradycyjnym a intensywnym rolnictwem, czynników wpływających na decyzje rolników, znaczenia zwierząt gospodarskich, znaczenia zabudowań i infrastruktury oraz siedlisk w ochronie bioróżnorodności. Przedstawione problemy mają formę ogólną i liczymy, że mogą stanowić znaczące wprowadzenie do dalszej dyskusji pomiędzy decydentami a naukowcami. Jej podjęcie jest kluczowe dla skutecznej ochrony zasobów przyrodniczych krajobrazu rolniczego w Polsce.

ACS Style

Stanisław Świtek; Łukasz Jankowiak; Zuzanna M. Rosin; Zuzanna Sawinska; Ryszard Steppa; Viktoria Takacs; Adam Zbyryt; Piotr Tryjanowski. Jak zachować wysoki poziom bioróżnorodności na obszarach rolniczych w Polsce? Identyfikacja najważniejszych problemów badawczych. Wieś i Rolnictwo 2017, 115 -138.

AMA Style

Stanisław Świtek, Łukasz Jankowiak, Zuzanna M. Rosin, Zuzanna Sawinska, Ryszard Steppa, Viktoria Takacs, Adam Zbyryt, Piotr Tryjanowski. Jak zachować wysoki poziom bioróżnorodności na obszarach rolniczych w Polsce? Identyfikacja najważniejszych problemów badawczych. Wieś i Rolnictwo. 2017; (4 (177)):115-138.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Świtek; Łukasz Jankowiak; Zuzanna M. Rosin; Zuzanna Sawinska; Ryszard Steppa; Viktoria Takacs; Adam Zbyryt; Piotr Tryjanowski. 2017. "Jak zachować wysoki poziom bioróżnorodności na obszarach rolniczych w Polsce? Identyfikacja najważniejszych problemów badawczych." Wieś i Rolnictwo , no. 4 (177): 115-138.

Article
Published: 03 November 2017 in American Potato Journal
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Potato Solanum tuberosum is one of the world’s four most important crops. Its cultivation is steadily increasing in response to the need to feed a growing world population. The yield of potato is influenced inter alia by both climate and pests. The main defoliator pest of potato is Colorado potato beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Using data from a long-term experiment (1958–2013) in western Poland, we show that increasing temperature has affected the trophic relationship between potato and Colorado potato beetle. The planting, leafing, flowering and harvest dates for potato were advanced, after controlling for different cultivars, by 2.00 days, 3.04 days, 3.80 days and 3.42 days respectively for every 1 °C increase in temperature. In contrast, first treatment against Colorado potato beetle advanced by 4.66 days for every 1 °C increase in temperature, and, furthermore, the number of treatments against the beetle increased by 0.204 per 1 °C increase in temperature. This suggests that the beetle responds faster to increasing temperature than the plant does, but both parts of the system are probably greatly modified by farming practices. La papa, Solanum tuberosum, es uno de los cuatro cultivos más importantes del mundo. Su cultivo está aumentando de manera estable en respuesta a la necesidad de alimentación a una población mundial en crecimiento. El rendimiento de la papa es influenciado, inter alia, por ambos, clima y plagas. La principal plaga defoliadora de la papa es el escarabajo de Colorado Leptinotarsa decemlineata. Utilizando datos de un experimento a largo plazo (1958–2013) en el oeste de Polonia, mostramos que el aumento de temperatura ha afectado la relación trófica entre la papa y el escarabajo de Colorado. Se adelantaron las fechas de siembra, fase vegetativa, la floración y cosecha de la papa, después del control para diferentes variedades, por 2.00, 3.04, 3.80, y 3.42 días, respectivamente, por cada incremento de 1 °C de temperatura. En contraste, el primer tratamiento contra el escarabajo de Colorado adelantó 4.66 días por cada 1 °C de aumento en la temperatura, y aún más, el número de tratamientos contra el escarabajo aumentó 0.204 por 1 °C de aumento en la temperatura. Esto sugiere que el escarabajo responde más rápido al aumento de temperatura que la planta, pero ambas partes del sistema son probablemente mayormente modificadas por las prácticas culturales.

ACS Style

Piotr Tryjanowski; Tim H. Sparks; Andrzej Blecharczyk; Irena Małecka-Jankowiak; Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska. Changing Phenology of Potato and of the Treatment for its Major Pest (Colorado Potato Beetle) – A Long-term Analysis. American Potato Journal 2017, 95, 26 -32.

AMA Style

Piotr Tryjanowski, Tim H. Sparks, Andrzej Blecharczyk, Irena Małecka-Jankowiak, Stanisław Świtek, Zuzanna Sawinska. Changing Phenology of Potato and of the Treatment for its Major Pest (Colorado Potato Beetle) – A Long-term Analysis. American Potato Journal. 2017; 95 (1):26-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Tryjanowski; Tim H. Sparks; Andrzej Blecharczyk; Irena Małecka-Jankowiak; Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska. 2017. "Changing Phenology of Potato and of the Treatment for its Major Pest (Colorado Potato Beetle) – A Long-term Analysis." American Potato Journal 95, no. 1: 26-32.

Letter
Published: 12 September 2017 in Ecology Letters
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Simultaneously enhancing ecosystem services provided by biodiversity below and above ground is recommended to reduce dependence on chemical pesticides and mineral fertilisers in agriculture. However, consequences for crop yield have been poorly evaluated. Above ground, increased landscape complexity is assumed to enhance biological pest control, whereas below ground, soil organic carbon is a proxy for several yield‐supporting services. In a field experiment replicated in 114 fields across Europe, we found that fertilisation had the strongest positive effect on yield, but hindered simultaneous harnessing of below‐ and above‐ground ecosystem services. We furthermore show that enhancing natural enemies and pest control through increasing landscape complexity can prove disappointing in fields with low soil services or in intensively cropped regions. Thus, understanding ecological interdependences between land use, ecosystem services and yield is necessary to promote more environmentally friendly farming by identifying situations where ecosystem services are maximised and agrochemical inputs can be reduced.

ACS Style

Vesna Gagic; David Kleijn; Andras Baldi; Gergely Boros; Helene Bracht Jørgensen; Zoltán Elek; Michael P. D. Garratt; G. Arjen De Groot; Katarina Hedlund; Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki; Lorenzo Marini; Emily Martin; Ines Pevere; Simon G. Potts; Sarah Redlich; Deepa Senapathi; Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter; Stanisław Świtek; Henrik G. Smith; Viktória Takács; Piotr Tryjanowski; Wim H. Van Der Putten; Stijn Van Gils; Riccardo Bommarco. Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe. Ecology Letters 2017, 20, 1427 -1436.

AMA Style

Vesna Gagic, David Kleijn, Andras Baldi, Gergely Boros, Helene Bracht Jørgensen, Zoltán Elek, Michael P. D. Garratt, G. Arjen De Groot, Katarina Hedlund, Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki, Lorenzo Marini, Emily Martin, Ines Pevere, Simon G. Potts, Sarah Redlich, Deepa Senapathi, Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter, Stanisław Świtek, Henrik G. Smith, Viktória Takács, Piotr Tryjanowski, Wim H. Van Der Putten, Stijn Van Gils, Riccardo Bommarco. Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe. Ecology Letters. 2017; 20 (11):1427-1436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vesna Gagic; David Kleijn; Andras Baldi; Gergely Boros; Helene Bracht Jørgensen; Zoltán Elek; Michael P. D. Garratt; G. Arjen De Groot; Katarina Hedlund; Anikó Kovács-Hostyánszki; Lorenzo Marini; Emily Martin; Ines Pevere; Simon G. Potts; Sarah Redlich; Deepa Senapathi; Ingolf Steffan-Dewenter; Stanisław Świtek; Henrik G. Smith; Viktória Takács; Piotr Tryjanowski; Wim H. Van Der Putten; Stijn Van Gils; Riccardo Bommarco. 2017. "Combined effects of agrochemicals and ecosystem services on crop yield across Europe." Ecology Letters 20, no. 11: 1427-1436.

Crop science
Published: 01 August 2017 in Scientia Agricola
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Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform in the European Union introduced a new element: greening. The aim of greening is to support the environment and create non-productive value in agriculture. The main element of greening is the Ecological Focus Area (EFA) meaning that a portion of farmland area has to be designed for environmental purposes. This article consists of an evaluatation of greening and its elements in the first year CAP reform has come into force. Surveys were used as a tool to gather information about farm characteristics, ways to meet greening requirements as well as the opinions of farmers as to changes in direct subsidies and greening obligations. The research was conducted in 2015 directly interviewing 290 farmers from the whole of Poland. The farmers interviewed lived in different parts of the country and had different size farms. Data was prepared with the use of spreadsheets and were analysed using the R statistical program and the “gmodel” and “vcd” statistical packages were used during the calculations. Polish farmers are against greening. Greening does not significantly change the way farmers run their farms. They choose the cheapest options of EFA which are usually not the best for the environment. Furthermore, farmers have to bear the cost of introducing the new elements themselves. Despite a high number of environmental and agricultural advantages offered by new farming methods, crop rotation and after-crop sowing duty, CAP reform is assessed in a negative light. As a result of negative opinions held by farmers due to the lack of subsidies, farmers may not continue greening practices in the future.

ACS Style

Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska. Farmer rationality and the adoption of greening practices in Poland. Scientia Agricola 2017, 74, 275 -284.

AMA Style

Stanisław Świtek, Zuzanna Sawinska. Farmer rationality and the adoption of greening practices in Poland. Scientia Agricola. 2017; 74 (4):275-284.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Świtek; Zuzanna Sawinska. 2017. "Farmer rationality and the adoption of greening practices in Poland." Scientia Agricola 74, no. 4: 275-284.