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Lin Jin
Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China

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Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Zool. Res.
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The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), as of 8 May 2021, has surpassed 150 700 000 infections and 3 279 000 deaths worldwide. Evidence indicates that SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected on particulate matter (PM), and COVID-19 cases are correlated with levels of air pollutants. However, the mechanisms of PM involvement in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 remain poorly understood. Here, we found that PM exposure increased the expression level of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) in several epithelial cells and increased the adsorption of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Instillation of PM in a hACE2 mouse model significantly increased the expression of ACE2 and Tmprss2 and viral replication in the lungs. Furthermore, PM exacerbated the pulmonary lesions caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection in the hACE2 mice. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that PM is an epidemiological factor of COVID-19, emphasizing the necessity of wearing anti-PM masks to cope with this global pandemic.

ACS Style

Tengyu Zhu; Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences; QiQi Cao; Huan Qiu; Zi-Lei Duan; Feng-Liang Liu; Tian-Zhang Song; Yang Liu; Yaqun Fang; Guangming Wu; Yongtang Zheng; Wenjun Ding; Ren Lai; Lin Jin; Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University College of Life Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Environment and Health; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Bioisland Laboratory. Particulate matter exposure exacerbates the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humanized ACE2 mice. Zool. Res. 2021, 42, 335 -338.

AMA Style

Tengyu Zhu, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, QiQi Cao, Huan Qiu, Zi-Lei Duan, Feng-Liang Liu, Tian-Zhang Song, Yang Liu, Yaqun Fang, Guangming Wu, Yongtang Zheng, Wenjun Ding, Ren Lai, Lin Jin, Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University College of Life Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Environment and Health, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Bioisland Laboratory. Particulate matter exposure exacerbates the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humanized ACE2 mice. Zool. Res.. 2021; 42 (3):335-338.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tengyu Zhu; Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences; QiQi Cao; Huan Qiu; Zi-Lei Duan; Feng-Liang Liu; Tian-Zhang Song; Yang Liu; Yaqun Fang; Guangming Wu; Yongtang Zheng; Wenjun Ding; Ren Lai; Lin Jin; Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Nanjing Agricultural University College of Life Sciences; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Laboratory of Environment and Health; Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health Bioisland Laboratory. 2021. "Particulate matter exposure exacerbates the susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection in humanized ACE2 mice." Zool. Res. 42, no. 3: 335-338.

Original research article
Published: 04 August 2020 in Frontiers in Microbiology
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Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus and has reemerged in recent years with epidemic potential. ZIKV infection may result in severe syndromes such as neurological complications and microcephaly in newborns. Therefore, ZIKV has become a global public health threat and currently there is no approved specific drug for its treatment. Animal venoms are important resources of novel drugs. Cathelicidin-BF (BF-30) is a defensive peptide identified from Bungarus fasciatus snake venom and has been shown to be an excellent template for applicable peptide design. In this study, we found that ZY13, one of the peptidic analogs of BF-30, inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic studies revealed that ZY13 can directly inactivate ZIKV and reduce the production of infectious virions. Further studies also indicated that administration of ZY13 strengthen the host antiviral immunity via AXL-SOCS (suppressor of cytokine signaling protein) pathway. Additionally, the results of mouse experiment suggest that ZY13 efficiently restrict ZIKV infection and improve the growth defects of ZIKV-infected mouse pups. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that ZY13 might be a candidate for anti-ZIKV drug, but also indicated the importance of animal venom peptides as templates for antivirals development.

ACS Style

Meichen Xing; Mengyao Ji; Jingmei Hu; Tengyu Zhu; Yaoyao Chen; Xuewei Bai; James Mwangi; Guoxiang Mo; Ren Lai; Lin Jin. Snake Cathelicidin Derived Peptide Inhibits Zika Virus Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology 2020, 11, 1871 .

AMA Style

Meichen Xing, Mengyao Ji, Jingmei Hu, Tengyu Zhu, Yaoyao Chen, Xuewei Bai, James Mwangi, Guoxiang Mo, Ren Lai, Lin Jin. Snake Cathelicidin Derived Peptide Inhibits Zika Virus Infection. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2020; 11 ():1871.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Meichen Xing; Mengyao Ji; Jingmei Hu; Tengyu Zhu; Yaoyao Chen; Xuewei Bai; James Mwangi; Guoxiang Mo; Ren Lai; Lin Jin. 2020. "Snake Cathelicidin Derived Peptide Inhibits Zika Virus Infection." Frontiers in Microbiology 11, no. : 1871.

Journal article
Published: 10 October 2019 in Toxins
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Flaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by the widely distributed Aedes mosquitoes in nature. As important human pathogens, the geographic reach of Flaviviruses and their threats to public health are increasing, but there is currently no approved specific drug for treatment. In recent years, the development of peptide antivirals has gained much attention. Natural host defense peptides which uniquely evolved to protect the hosts have been shown to have antiviral properties. In this study, we firstly collected the venom of the Alopecosa nagpag spider from Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province. A defense peptide named Av-LCTX-An1a (Antiviral-Lycotoxin-An1a) was identified from the spider venom, and its anti-dengue serotype-2 virus (DENV2) activity was verified in vitro. Moreover, a real-time fluorescence-based protease inhibition assay showed that An1a functions as a DENV2 NS2B-NS3 protease inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that An1a restricts zika virus (ZIKV) infection by inhibiting the ZIKV NS2B-NS3 protease. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that An1a might be a candidate for anti-flavivirus drug but also indicate that spider venom is a potential resource library rich in antiviral precursor molecules.

ACS Style

Mengyao Ji; Tengyu Zhu; Meichen Xing; Ning Luan; James Mwangi; Xiuwen Yan; Guoxiang Mo; Mingqiang Rong; Bowen Li; Ren Lai; Lin Jin. An Antiviral Peptide from Alopecosa nagpag Spider Targets NS2B-NS3 Protease of Flaviviruses. Toxins 2019, 11, 584 .

AMA Style

Mengyao Ji, Tengyu Zhu, Meichen Xing, Ning Luan, James Mwangi, Xiuwen Yan, Guoxiang Mo, Mingqiang Rong, Bowen Li, Ren Lai, Lin Jin. An Antiviral Peptide from Alopecosa nagpag Spider Targets NS2B-NS3 Protease of Flaviviruses. Toxins. 2019; 11 (10):584.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mengyao Ji; Tengyu Zhu; Meichen Xing; Ning Luan; James Mwangi; Xiuwen Yan; Guoxiang Mo; Mingqiang Rong; Bowen Li; Ren Lai; Lin Jin. 2019. "An Antiviral Peptide from Alopecosa nagpag Spider Targets NS2B-NS3 Protease of Flaviviruses." Toxins 11, no. 10: 584.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2018 in Nature Immunology
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Pathogens have co-evolved with mosquitoes to optimize transmission to hosts. Mosquito salivary-gland extract is known to modulate host immune responses and facilitate pathogen transmission, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of this have remained unknown. In this study, we identified and characterized a prominent 15-kilodalton protein, LTRIN, obtained from the salivary glands of the mosquito Aedes aegypti. LTRIN expression was upregulated in blood-fed mosquitoes, and LTRIN facilitated the transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) and exacerbated its pathogenicity by interfering with signaling through the lymphotoxin-β receptor (LTβR). Mechanically, LTRIN bound to LTβR and ‘preferentially’ inhibited signaling via the transcription factor NF-κB and the production of inflammatory cytokines by interfering with the dimerization of LTβR during infection with ZIKV. Furthermore, treatment with antibody to LTRIN inhibited mosquito-mediated infection with ZIKV, and abolishing LTβR potentiated the infectivity of ZIKV both in vitro and in vivo. This study provides deeper insight into the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases in nature and supports the therapeutic potential of inhibiting the action of LTRIN to disrupt ZIKV transmission.

ACS Style

Lin Jin; Xiaomin Guo; Chuanbin Shen; Xuexue Hao; Peng Sun; Pengpeng Li; Tao Xu; Chunmiao Hu; Ombati Rose; Hongning Zhou; Mingdong Yang; Cheng-Feng Qin; Jingya Guo; Hua Peng; Mingzhao Zhu; Gong Cheng; Xiaopeng Qi; Ren Lai. Salivary factor LTRIN from Aedes aegypti facilitates the transmission of Zika virus by interfering with the lymphotoxin-β receptor. Nature Immunology 2018, 19, 342 -353.

AMA Style

Lin Jin, Xiaomin Guo, Chuanbin Shen, Xuexue Hao, Peng Sun, Pengpeng Li, Tao Xu, Chunmiao Hu, Ombati Rose, Hongning Zhou, Mingdong Yang, Cheng-Feng Qin, Jingya Guo, Hua Peng, Mingzhao Zhu, Gong Cheng, Xiaopeng Qi, Ren Lai. Salivary factor LTRIN from Aedes aegypti facilitates the transmission of Zika virus by interfering with the lymphotoxin-β receptor. Nature Immunology. 2018; 19 (4):342-353.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Jin; Xiaomin Guo; Chuanbin Shen; Xuexue Hao; Peng Sun; Pengpeng Li; Tao Xu; Chunmiao Hu; Ombati Rose; Hongning Zhou; Mingdong Yang; Cheng-Feng Qin; Jingya Guo; Hua Peng; Mingzhao Zhu; Gong Cheng; Xiaopeng Qi; Ren Lai. 2018. "Salivary factor LTRIN from Aedes aegypti facilitates the transmission of Zika virus by interfering with the lymphotoxin-β receptor." Nature Immunology 19, no. 4: 342-353.

Original article
Published: 11 May 2017 in Amino Acids
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Spiders are the most successful insect predators given that they use their venom containing insecticidal peptides as biochemical weapons for preying. Due to the high specificity and potency of peptidic toxins, discoveries of insecticidal toxins from spider venom have provided an opportunity to obtain natural compounds for agricultural applications without affecting human health. In this study, a novel insecticidal toxin (μ-NPTX-Nc1a) was identified and characterized from the venom of Nephila clavata. Its primary sequence is GCNPDCTGIQCGWPRCPGGQNPVMDKCVSCCPFCPPKSAQG which was determined by automated Edman degradation, cDNA cloning, and MS/MS analysis. BLAST search indicated that Nc1a shows no similarity with known peptides or proteins, indicating that Nc1a belongs to a novel family of insecticidal peptide. Nc1a displayed inhibitory effects on NaV and KV channels in cockroach dorsal unpaired median neurons. The median lethal dose (LD50) of Nc1a on cockroach was 573 ng/g. Herein, a study that identifies a novel insecticidal toxin, which can be a potential candidate and/or template for the development of bioinsecticides, is presented.

ACS Style

Lin Jin; Mingqian Fang; Mengrou Chen; Chunling Zhou; Rose Ombati; Abdul Hakim; Guoxiang Mo; Ren Lai; Xiuwen Yan; Yumin Wang; Shilong Yang. An insecticidal toxin from Nephila clavata spider venom. Amino Acids 2017, 49, 1237 -1245.

AMA Style

Lin Jin, Mingqian Fang, Mengrou Chen, Chunling Zhou, Rose Ombati, Abdul Hakim, Guoxiang Mo, Ren Lai, Xiuwen Yan, Yumin Wang, Shilong Yang. An insecticidal toxin from Nephila clavata spider venom. Amino Acids. 2017; 49 (7):1237-1245.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Jin; Mingqian Fang; Mengrou Chen; Chunling Zhou; Rose Ombati; Abdul Hakim; Guoxiang Mo; Ren Lai; Xiuwen Yan; Yumin Wang; Shilong Yang. 2017. "An insecticidal toxin from Nephila clavata spider venom." Amino Acids 49, no. 7: 1237-1245.

Research article
Published: 11 February 2016 in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
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New therapeutic agents for Candida albicans vaginitis are urgently awaiting to be developed because of the increasing antibiotic resistance of C. albicans. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one of the most promising choices for next-generation antibiotics. In this study, novel peptides were designed based on snake venom antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin-BF to promote anti-C. albicans activity and decrease side-effects. The designing strategies include substitutions of charged or hydrophobic amino acid residues for noncharged polar residues to promote antimicrobial activity and insertion of a hydrophobic residue in the hydrophilic side of the helix structure to reduce hemolysis. A designed tryptophan and lysine/arginine-rich cationic peptide 4 (ZY13) (VKRWKKWRWKWKKWV-NH2) exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity against either common strain or clinical isolates of antibiotic-resistant C. albicans with little hemolysis. Peptide 4 showed significant therapeutic effects on vaginitis in mice induced by the infection of clinical antibiotic-resistant C. albicans. The approaches herein might be useful for designing of AMPs.

ACS Style

Lin Jin; Xuewei Bai; Ning Luan; Huimin Yao; Zhiye Zhang; Weihui Liu; Yan Chen; Xiuwen Yan; Mingqiang Rong; Ren Lai; Qiumin Lu. A Designed Tryptophan- and Lysine/Arginine-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide with Therapeutic Potential for Clinical Antibiotic-ResistantCandida albicansVaginitis. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 2016, 59, 1791 -1799.

AMA Style

Lin Jin, Xuewei Bai, Ning Luan, Huimin Yao, Zhiye Zhang, Weihui Liu, Yan Chen, Xiuwen Yan, Mingqiang Rong, Ren Lai, Qiumin Lu. A Designed Tryptophan- and Lysine/Arginine-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide with Therapeutic Potential for Clinical Antibiotic-ResistantCandida albicansVaginitis. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 2016; 59 (5):1791-1799.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin Jin; Xuewei Bai; Ning Luan; Huimin Yao; Zhiye Zhang; Weihui Liu; Yan Chen; Xiuwen Yan; Mingqiang Rong; Ren Lai; Qiumin Lu. 2016. "A Designed Tryptophan- and Lysine/Arginine-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide with Therapeutic Potential for Clinical Antibiotic-ResistantCandida albicansVaginitis." Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 59, no. 5: 1791-1799.