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Information about the long-term spatiotemporal evolution of landslides can improve our understanding of the landslide development process and can help prevent landslide disasters. However, few studies have been devoted to the pre- and post-failure spatiotemporal evolution process and pattern of landslides. Therefore, we studied the pre- and post-failure geomorphic changes and spatiotemporal evolution of the 2019 Jiangou landslide based on field investigations, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR), unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) observations, and remote sensing techniques. The results show that the volume of the deposition of the Jiangou landslide is less than the depletion volume, which means the remaining landslide materials were washed away when the dammed lake collapsed. Moreover, the InSAR technique has an advantage in terms of the retrieval of pre- and post-failure creep deformation. Our analysis suggests that the Jiangou landslide has experienced long-term creep. Potential landslide risks still exist after the previous failure event. Furthermore, we found that the pre- and post-failure spatiotemporal deformation processes and evolutionary patterns of the landslide are different. The pre-failure evolutionary pattern of the landslide is a progressive failure mode, while the post-failure evolutionary pattern is a retrogressive failure mode. This evolution provides a reference for local governments to further monitor or take effective prevention measures against future landslide failures.
Yaru Zhu; Haijun Qiu; Dongdong Yang; Zijing Liu; Shuyue Ma; Yanqian Pei; Jianyin He; Chi Du; Hesheng Sun. Pre- and post-failure spatiotemporal evolution of loess landslides: a case study of the Jiangou landslide in Ledu, China. Landslides 2021, 1 -10.
AMA StyleYaru Zhu, Haijun Qiu, Dongdong Yang, Zijing Liu, Shuyue Ma, Yanqian Pei, Jianyin He, Chi Du, Hesheng Sun. Pre- and post-failure spatiotemporal evolution of loess landslides: a case study of the Jiangou landslide in Ledu, China. Landslides. 2021; ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaru Zhu; Haijun Qiu; Dongdong Yang; Zijing Liu; Shuyue Ma; Yanqian Pei; Jianyin He; Chi Du; Hesheng Sun. 2021. "Pre- and post-failure spatiotemporal evolution of loess landslides: a case study of the Jiangou landslide in Ledu, China." Landslides , no. : 1-10.
The appraisal of tectonic‐geomorphic features is the basis for the development and management of land, the selection of road routes, and the site selection and construction process of hydropower projects. However, properly evaluating tectonic‐geomorphic features and revealing the relationships among geomorphic evolution, landslides, and tectonic activity remain major challenges in geography and geomorphology. We take the core area of the planned Diamer‐Bhasha Dam as a study area. On the strength of digital elevation models (DEMs), geomorphic indices are extracted to evaluate the tectonic activity and geomorphic evolution. Landslide cataloging by field investigation is used to reveal the relationships between geomorphic evolution, landslides, and tectonic activity. We found that the tectonic activity and geomorphic evolution of the sub‐basin where the Diamer‐Bhasha Dam is planned and the sub‐basin along the Indus are in the stable and old stage, respectively. In contrast, the tectonic‐geomorphic features in the marginal sub‐basins far from the Indus are still active. The correlations among lithology, AF, Vf, HI, SL, and landslide indicate that tectonic activity can influence geomorphic evolution and induce landslides, whereas changes in lithology do not. In addition, landslides can exacerbate geomorphic evolution.
Yanqian Pei; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yan Zhang; Shuyue Ma; Mingming Cao. Appraisal of Tectonic‐Geomorphic Features in the Hindu Kush‐ Himalayas. Earth and Space Science 2021, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleYanqian Pei, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Yan Zhang, Shuyue Ma, Mingming Cao. Appraisal of Tectonic‐Geomorphic Features in the Hindu Kush‐ Himalayas. Earth and Space Science. 2021; 8 (5):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYanqian Pei; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yan Zhang; Shuyue Ma; Mingming Cao. 2021. "Appraisal of Tectonic‐Geomorphic Features in the Hindu Kush‐ Himalayas." Earth and Space Science 8, no. 5: 1.
Landslides are recognized as dominant geomorphic events of morphological evolution in most mountainous and hilly landscapes. However, the lack of multitemporal high-resolution topographic data has resulted in a lack of quantitative estimates of topographic changes influenced by successive landslides. Taking a typical hillslope with successive loess landslides in the Heifangtai loess tableland, China, as an example, we conducted four unmanned aerial system (UAS) surveys and created corresponding high-resolution digital elevation models (HRDEMs) and orthophotos. We found that multitemporal UAS surveys have become a powerful new approach for addressing local topographic changes and evolution over a relatively long time series. Moreover, landslides can leave persistent geomorphic imprints on hillslope topography. The frequency distributions of topographic indexes are significantly influenced by successive landslides. The mean slope gradient, roughness and local relief decreased with successive landslide occurrences, whereas the mean topographic wetness index (TWI) increased. However, the mean slope aspect was almost unchanged by successive landslides. Furthermore, analysis of the coefficient of variation demonstrates that the frequency distribution of the slope gradient becomes more dispersed with landslide occurrences, while the slope aspect and TWI become more concentrated. The slope gradient changes with elevation. More broadly, this study provides new insights into the prediction of the local topographic feature changes and morphology evolution trends caused by successive landslides.
Dongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yanqian Pei; Xingang Wang; Chi Du; Yongqing Long; Mingming Cao. Influence of successive landslides on topographic changes revealed by multitemporal high-resolution UAS-based DEM. CATENA 2021, 202, 105229 .
AMA StyleDongdong Yang, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Yanqian Pei, Xingang Wang, Chi Du, Yongqing Long, Mingming Cao. Influence of successive landslides on topographic changes revealed by multitemporal high-resolution UAS-based DEM. CATENA. 2021; 202 ():105229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yanqian Pei; Xingang Wang; Chi Du; Yongqing Long; Mingming Cao. 2021. "Influence of successive landslides on topographic changes revealed by multitemporal high-resolution UAS-based DEM." CATENA 202, no. : 105229.
On September 14, 2019, a reactivated landslide with a volume of 1.3 × 107 m3 occurred in Changhe Town, Tongwei County, Gansu Province, China. As a result, a provincial highway, brickfield, and bridge were destroyed. Based on field investigation, interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) as well as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry, high-resolution remote sensing imagery, and digital elevation model, we addressed the surface displacement, travel distance, topographic changes, and causative factors of the Changhe landslide. The result shows the combination of ascending and descending orbit datasets can not only be used to monitor the landslide surface displacement but also to verify the deformation results. This landslide is a typical retrogressive landslide where large pre-failure deformation exists in the lower part of the landslide body. We detected the surface travel distance of the landslide and found spatial differences exist in the surface travel distance of the landslide. The deposit volume slightly exceeds erosion volume due to decompaction during the landslide. The frequency distribution of the basic topographic factors before and after the landslide is different, which indicates that the landslide event significantly changed the local topography and geomorphology. This study provides an insight into the spatiotemporal evolution of the landslide and has practical importance for early warning of landslides and risk mitigation.
Zijing Liu; Haijun Qiu; Shuyue Ma; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Chi Du; Hesheng Sun; Sheng Hu; Yaru Zhu. Surface displacement and topographic change analysis of the Changhe landslide on September 14, 2019, China. Landslides 2021, 18, 1471 -1483.
AMA StyleZijing Liu, Haijun Qiu, Shuyue Ma, Dongdong Yang, Yanqian Pei, Chi Du, Hesheng Sun, Sheng Hu, Yaru Zhu. Surface displacement and topographic change analysis of the Changhe landslide on September 14, 2019, China. Landslides. 2021; 18 (4):1471-1483.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZijing Liu; Haijun Qiu; Shuyue Ma; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Chi Du; Hesheng Sun; Sheng Hu; Yaru Zhu. 2021. "Surface displacement and topographic change analysis of the Changhe landslide on September 14, 2019, China." Landslides 18, no. 4: 1471-1483.
Successive landslides leave geomorphic imprints on loess tableland edge hillslopes and dominate the morphologic evolution process. Here, on the basis of long-term landslide inventory, multitemporal unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys and field investigations, we examined the spatiotemporal distribution of successive landslides and their evolution characteristics in a typical loess tableland, Gansu Province, China. We found that the hot spots of successive landslides changed during the survey period and the hillslopes around the loess tableland experienced different evolutionary stages. Landslide areas are characterized by lower values of local relief, elevation and slope gradient than non-landslide areas and are more exposed to south, southeast and east orientations. Agricultural irrigation-induced successive landslides are responsible for the recession of the loess tableland area, which accelerates the morphological evolution process of the loess tableland. Under the influence of path dependency, more subsequent landslides may occur in a certain period. Moreover, this influence of earlier landslides on subsequent landslides (i.e., path dependency) will decrease with increasing time intervals (year). Two models (lateral and lengthwise development patterns) summarized in this study can describe the typical evolution processes caused by successive landslides in loess tableland areas. The findings of this research provide insights into the spatiotemporal distribution and morphologic evolution processes of agricultural irrigation-induced successive landslides, which is useful for understanding the evolutionary process in loess tableland areas.
Dongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yaru Zhu; Yifei Cui; Chi Du; Zijing Liu; Yanqian Pei; Mingming Cao. Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics of successive landslides on the Heifangtai tableland of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geomorphology 2021, 378, 107619 .
AMA StyleDongdong Yang, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Yaru Zhu, Yifei Cui, Chi Du, Zijing Liu, Yanqian Pei, Mingming Cao. Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics of successive landslides on the Heifangtai tableland of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Geomorphology. 2021; 378 ():107619.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yaru Zhu; Yifei Cui; Chi Du; Zijing Liu; Yanqian Pei; Mingming Cao. 2021. "Spatiotemporal distribution and evolution characteristics of successive landslides on the Heifangtai tableland of the Chinese Loess Plateau." Geomorphology 378, no. : 107619.
Jianyin He; Haijun Qiu; Feihang Qu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yongdong Shen; Yan Zhang; Hesheng Sun; Mingming Cao. Corrigendum to “Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models” [CATENA 97 (2021) 104999]. CATENA 2020, 198, 105074 .
AMA StyleJianyin He, Haijun Qiu, Feihang Qu, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Yongdong Shen, Yan Zhang, Hesheng Sun, Mingming Cao. Corrigendum to “Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models” [CATENA 97 (2021) 104999]. CATENA. 2020; 198 ():105074.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianyin He; Haijun Qiu; Feihang Qu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yongdong Shen; Yan Zhang; Hesheng Sun; Mingming Cao. 2020. "Corrigendum to “Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models” [CATENA 97 (2021) 104999]." CATENA 198, no. : 105074.
Landsliding is a prominent geomorphological process in both the Loess Plateau and the Qinba Mountains in Central China. The size distribution of landslides plays an important role in quantifying their occurrence and magnitude, estimating erosion and sediment yields, and determining hazards. We generated landslide inventories for six study sites within the two study regions based on results from field surveying and remote sensing analyses. Landside size distribution differs considerably in both regions and can be described by the double Pareto and inverse gamma distributions. The power law decays faster in the Loess Plateau than in the Qinba Mountains; the locations of the rollover occur at larger landslide size in the Loess Plateau. Moreover, α, an exponent of power law scaling related to slope in the double Pareto function, is strongly related to ρ + 1, a control of power law decay in the inverse gamma. This study provides an insight into the landslide size probability distribution in different landscape types.
Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yi He; Yanqian Pei; Ulrich Kamp. Comparing landslide size probability distribution at the landscape scale (Loess Plateau and the Qinba Mountains, Central China) using double Pareto and inverse gamma. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2020, 80, 1035 -1046.
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Yi He, Yanqian Pei, Ulrich Kamp. Comparing landslide size probability distribution at the landscape scale (Loess Plateau and the Qinba Mountains, Central China) using double Pareto and inverse gamma. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2020; 80 (2):1035-1046.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yi He; Yanqian Pei; Ulrich Kamp. 2020. "Comparing landslide size probability distribution at the landscape scale (Loess Plateau and the Qinba Mountains, Central China) using double Pareto and inverse gamma." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 80, no. 2: 1035-1046.
The stability evaluation of rainfall-induced landslides using a physical determination model supports disaster prevention, but it is mostly applied to the area with few landslides, and there is a lack of quantitative study on rainfall and landslide stability. This paper combined the Scoops3D model with the TRIGRS model (3D) to predict the shallow landslide spatiotemporal distribution and compared the simulation results with those of the TRIGRS model alone (1D), aiming to obtain more accurate assessment results. At the same time, the relationship between landslide stability and accumulative rainfall was quantitatively fitted to improve the real-time landslide prediction system. We applied the 1D and 3D models to the July 21, 2013 group-occurring landslide event (976 shallow landslides) in the Niangniangba basin, China. The required geotechnical parameters of both models were acquired by field and laboratory tests. We calculated the pressure head over time using the TRIGRS model based on practical rainfall data and predicted the shallow landslide stability using the Scoops3D model according to the resulting piezometric surface. We compared the landslide stability spatial distributions of the two models under initial and saturated conditions with the landslide catalogue. The success rate of landslides predicted by 3D model is 4.20% higher than 1D model. A composite index to quantitatively evaluate both models’ performances indicates over-prediction by the 1D model in the stable region, while the 3D model more effectively predicts shallow landslides with a smaller unstable region. The relationship between instability proportion and accumulative rainfall in the 1D and 3D model can be represented by y=24.57x0.18 and y=11.59x0.33, respectively. The 3D model shows more conservative result, and the rainfall threshold analysis proposed in this paper can provide reference for the time of most landslides in the case of insufficient data, which is an important indicator for disaster early warning and prediction.
Jianyin He; Haijun Qiu; Feihang Qu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yongdong Shen; Yan Zhang; Hesheng Sun; Mingming Cao. Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models. CATENA 2020, 197, 104999 .
AMA StyleJianyin He, Haijun Qiu, Feihang Qu, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Yongdong Shen, Yan Zhang, Hesheng Sun, Mingming Cao. Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models. CATENA. 2020; 197 ():104999.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJianyin He; Haijun Qiu; Feihang Qu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yongdong Shen; Yan Zhang; Hesheng Sun; Mingming Cao. 2020. "Prediction of spatiotemporal stability and rainfall threshold of shallow landslides using the TRIGRS and Scoops3D models." CATENA 197, no. : 104999.
The reactivation of landslides has always been a prominent problem that has endangered town construction and people’s safety worldwide. At about 8 a.m. on July 12, 2018, on a mountain near the Bailong River in Nanyu Township, Zhouqu County, Gansu Province, China, a landslide collapse event occurred. About 10,000 m3 of sloped material slid into the Bailong River, with the largest stone reaching 3 m3. As a result, a large number of houses were flooded. Highways and bridges were destroyed. Using field investigations, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photography, InSAR traces, historical records, and multiple remote sensing images, we extracted the landslide’s geometry and geomorphic parameters to quantify the characteristics of the Jiangdingya landslide. Based on high-resolution topographic data collected before and after the landslide, the change in the geomorphological factors, geomorphologic stability, and detection of the precursory motion before the landslide failure were analyzed to fully investigate the temporal geomorphological changes. Synthesizing the above research, we discuss the causes of landslide reactivation. The Jiangdingya landslide is a typical ancient landslide formed by the coupling of internal and external dynamics. Rainfall, seismic fault zone activity, human activities, and river erosion were the main causes of this reactivation event.
Shuyue Ma; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Zijing Liu. Characteristics and geomorphology change detection analysis of the Jiangdingya landslide on July 12, 2018, China. Landslides 2020, 18, 383 -396.
AMA StyleShuyue Ma, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Zijing Liu. Characteristics and geomorphology change detection analysis of the Jiangdingya landslide on July 12, 2018, China. Landslides. 2020; 18 (1):383-396.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuyue Ma; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Zijing Liu. 2020. "Characteristics and geomorphology change detection analysis of the Jiangdingya landslide on July 12, 2018, China." Landslides 18, no. 1: 383-396.
Post-failure landslide change detection is crucial for mitigation strategies. However, the methods used to investigate this issue all involve a tough workflow, and the free access Sentinel-2 satellite is underutilized. In this study, we use ten Sentinel-2 optical images to explore the effectiveness of using these images to detect post-landslide changes in the Huangnibazi landslide failure using an easy workflow. We found that the landslide can be qualitatively divided into a startup and acceleration stage, a front and lateral edge expansion stage, and a stabilization stage using time-series true color images. After the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was calculated to identify landslide scars, which were validated using the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) orthoimages, we found that the same three change processes identified were also reflected by the landslide scar count change analysis in a quantitative way. Based on the three different stages, a red-green-blue (RGB) composite of the NDVI images was constructed and was found to reflect the different change period of the right and left landslide edges. Most importantly, the changes within a pixel unit were detected using an NDVI RGB composite with cold colors representing a retrogressive landslide mode. All of these findings indicate that the huge potential of the use of Sentinel-2 images in similar applications.
Feihang Qu; Haijun Qiu; Hesheng Sun; Minggao Tang. Post-failure landslide change detection and analysis using optical satellite Sentinel-2 images. Landslides 2020, 18, 447 -455.
AMA StyleFeihang Qu, Haijun Qiu, Hesheng Sun, Minggao Tang. Post-failure landslide change detection and analysis using optical satellite Sentinel-2 images. Landslides. 2020; 18 (1):447-455.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFeihang Qu; Haijun Qiu; Hesheng Sun; Minggao Tang. 2020. "Post-failure landslide change detection and analysis using optical satellite Sentinel-2 images." Landslides 18, no. 1: 447-455.
Loess caves, landslides, collapses, bank erosion and soil erosion, which are independently and interactively shaping the modern loess landscape, are widely distributed across the Chinese Loess Plateau. The study area is located in a small watershed in Huining County, Gansu Province, which is one of the areas with the strongest development of loess caves across the Loess Plateau. This area is an ideal site for studying geological hazards and geomorphic evolution on the Loess Plateau. Seventeen landslides and 176 loess caves with a density of 887 units/km2 were investigated with a UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) and mapped by GIS (geographic information system). Using high-resolution UAV images and topographic data, we carried out an interpretation of loess caves, bank erosion and landslides; studied the spatial distribution and developmental patterns of loess caves, landform morphology and the relationship between loess caves and landslides based on GIS spatial analysis, mathematical statistics and field surveys; and analyzed the influence of loess microtopography on slope landforms. Finally, six typical evolutionary models of soil erosion-loess cave development-landslide occurrence-barrier dam formation are preliminarily proposed: the primary slope stage, early cave stage, accelerated cave stage, cave connecting stage, landslide creeping stage, and landslide-dam forming stage. This study is a useful exploration and an attempt to reveal the influence of loess cave development on slope stability and disaster chain effects.
Sheng Hu; Haijun Qiu; Ninglian Wang; Yifei Cui; Jiading Wang; Xingang Wang; Shuyue Ma; Dongdong Yang; Mingming Cao. The influence of loess cave development upon landslides and geomorphologic evolution: A case study from the northwest Loess Plateau, China. Geomorphology 2020, 359, 107167 .
AMA StyleSheng Hu, Haijun Qiu, Ninglian Wang, Yifei Cui, Jiading Wang, Xingang Wang, Shuyue Ma, Dongdong Yang, Mingming Cao. The influence of loess cave development upon landslides and geomorphologic evolution: A case study from the northwest Loess Plateau, China. Geomorphology. 2020; 359 ():107167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheng Hu; Haijun Qiu; Ninglian Wang; Yifei Cui; Jiading Wang; Xingang Wang; Shuyue Ma; Dongdong Yang; Mingming Cao. 2020. "The influence of loess cave development upon landslides and geomorphologic evolution: A case study from the northwest Loess Plateau, China." Geomorphology 359, no. : 107167.
Infiltration plays an important role in influencing slope stability. However, the influences of slope failure on infiltration and the evolution of infiltration over time and space remain unclear. We studied and compared the infiltration rates in undisturbed loess and disturbed loess in different years and at different sites on loess landslide bodies. The results showed that the average initial infiltration rate in a new landslide body (triggered on 11 October 2017) were dramatically higher than those in a previous landslide body (triggered on 17 September 2011) and that the infiltration rates of both landslide types were higher than the rate of undisturbed loess. The initial infiltration rate in the new landslide body sharply decreased over the 4–5 months following the landslide because of the appearance of physical crusts. Our observations indicated that the infiltration rate of the disturbed soil in a landslide evolved over time and that the infiltration rate gradually approached that of undisturbed loess. Furthermore, in the undisturbed loess, both the initial and quasi-steady infiltration rates were slightly higher in the loess than in the paleosol, and in the previous landslide body, the infiltration rate was highest in the upper part, intermediate in the middle part, and lowest in the lower part. This study can help us to better understand the evolution process of infiltration in undisturbed loess, previous landslides, and new landslides.
Dongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Yanqian Pei; Sheng Hu; Shuyue Ma; Zijing Liu; Yan Zhang; Mingming Cao. Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Infiltration Characteristics of a Loess Landslide. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 26 .
AMA StyleDongdong Yang, Haijun Qiu, Yanqian Pei, Sheng Hu, Shuyue Ma, Zijing Liu, Yan Zhang, Mingming Cao. Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Infiltration Characteristics of a Loess Landslide. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (1):26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongdong Yang; Haijun Qiu; Yanqian Pei; Sheng Hu; Shuyue Ma; Zijing Liu; Yan Zhang; Mingming Cao. 2020. "Spatial and Temporal Evolution of the Infiltration Characteristics of a Loess Landslide." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 1: 26.
Understanding the creeping behavior of loess is of great importance as large-scale loess landslides are closely related with creep behavior. At present, it is still challenging to predict and estimate the long-term stability of such landslides. This is in a large degree due to the poor understanding of moisture control on creep behavior of loess. The purpose of this study is to decipher the loess creep behavior under various moisture contents (MCs) using loess specimens obtained from Baqiao landslide, Xi’an of China, using multi-loading triaxial creep tests under different MCs of 9%, 12%, 15%, 18% and 21%. Based on the laboratory test results, a series of relationships between the creep rate at the steady-state creep stage and the initial strain and initial shear modulus are revealed. Meanwhile, a method for obtaining the long-term strength of loess specimens, namely, the Steady-state Creep Rate Slope Method (SCRSM), is proposed. SCRSM resolves the issue in several conventional methods such as the Isochronous Stress-Strain Curve Method, the Tangent Method of Steady Creep Rate when MCs are of concern. Such an improvement is primarily due to a better way of finding the inflection point of the steady-state rate. It is found that SCRSM is robust and accurate to determine the long-term strength of loess specimens. Furthermore, we propose a modified Burgers model with a newly introduced nonlinear parameter n to overcome deficiencies of conventional creep models. This modified Burgers model is flexible to fit the creep test curves of loess, and can describe the curves at the accelerated creep stage more accurately. Lastly, the main factors triggering the Baqiao landslide is analyzed considering stratum lithology, rainfall and excavation. In general, this study provides a basis for understanding the evolutional process of loess landslides as well as guidelines for prevention, controlling and prediction of loess landslides.
Xingang Wang; Jiading Wang; HongBin Zhan; Ping Li; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu. Moisture content effect on the creep behavior of loess for the catastrophic Baqiao landslide. CATENA 2019, 187, 104371 .
AMA StyleXingang Wang, Jiading Wang, HongBin Zhan, Ping Li, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu. Moisture content effect on the creep behavior of loess for the catastrophic Baqiao landslide. CATENA. 2019; 187 ():104371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXingang Wang; Jiading Wang; HongBin Zhan; Ping Li; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu. 2019. "Moisture content effect on the creep behavior of loess for the catastrophic Baqiao landslide." CATENA 187, no. : 104371.
Examination of the temporal patterns of landslide events provides valuable insights into the baseline information used to determine landslide activity and perform risk assessment in a given area. We collected a catalog of historical nonseismically triggered landslides that occurred over 22 years in Shaanxi Province, China. We found that the annual number of slides was significantly related to the annual number of falls. The average annual numbers of slides and falls were approximately 17 and 10, respectively. The active and nonactive periods of landslides alternated within the time series of the annual number of landslides. An empirical power-law correlation exists between the complementary cumulative frequency and the annual number of landslides. The monthly distribution of landslide events is significantly associated with monthly rainfall. Most landslide events occurred in the rainy season between July and October. The average time intervals of falls and slides from July to October were approximately 12 days and 8 days, respectively. Moreover, the temporal distribution of landslide events is clustered owing to the impact of nonuniformly distributed rainfall activities. Most of the landslides concentrated in one or two months of a year. Furthermore, the nonzero values in the landslide time series are nonuniformly spaced. The complementary cumulative frequency distribution of the time intervals between landslide events can be adequately fitted by an exponential function. Based on these equations, the temporal probabilities of landslide events can be predicted. In addition, most of the nonseismically triggered landslides in Shaanxi Province were triggered by long-term antecedent rainfall and high-intensity intraday rainfall.
Haijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Yanqian Pei; Dongdong Yang; Sheng Hu; Xingang Wang; Shuyue Ma. Temporal patterns of nonseismically triggered landslides in Shaanxi Province, China. CATENA 2019, 187, 104356 .
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Yifei Cui, Yanqian Pei, Dongdong Yang, Sheng Hu, Xingang Wang, Shuyue Ma. Temporal patterns of nonseismically triggered landslides in Shaanxi Province, China. CATENA. 2019; 187 ():104356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Yanqian Pei; Dongdong Yang; Sheng Hu; Xingang Wang; Shuyue Ma. 2019. "Temporal patterns of nonseismically triggered landslides in Shaanxi Province, China." CATENA 187, no. : 104356.
The spatiotemporal distribution of landslides provides valuable insight for the understanding of disastrous processes and landslide risk assessment. In this work, we compiled a catalog of landslides from 1996 to 2017 based on existing records, yearbooks, archives, and fieldwork in Shaanxi Province, China. The statistical analyses demonstrated that the cumulative frequency distribution of the annual landslide number was empirically described by a power-law regression. Most landslides occurred from July to October. The relationship between landslide time interval and their cumulative frequency could be fitted using an exponential regression. The cumulative frequency of the landslide number could be approximated using the power-law function. Moreover, many landslides caused fatalities, and the number of fatalities was related to the number of landslides each month. Moreover, the cumulative frequency was significantly correlated with the number of fatalities and exhibited a power-law relationship. Furthermore, obvious differences were observed in the type and density of landslides between the Loess Plateau and the Qinba Mountains. Most landslides were close to stream channels and faults, and were concentrated in cropland at elevations from 600–900 m and on slope gradients from 30–40°. In addition, the landslide frequency increased as the annual rainfall levels increased over a large spatial scale, and the monthly distribution of landslides presented a significant association with the precipitation level. This study provides a powerful method for understanding the spatiotemporal distribution of landslides via a rare landslide catalog, which is important for engineering design and planning and risk management.
Haijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Sheng Hu; Shuyue Ma; Junqing Hao; Zijing Liu. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nonseismic Landslides during the Last 22 Years in Shaanxi Province, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 505 .
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Yifei Cui, Dongdong Yang, Yanqian Pei, Sheng Hu, Shuyue Ma, Junqing Hao, Zijing Liu. Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nonseismic Landslides during the Last 22 Years in Shaanxi Province, China. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (11):505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Sheng Hu; Shuyue Ma; Junqing Hao; Zijing Liu. 2019. "Spatiotemporal Distribution of Nonseismic Landslides during the Last 22 Years in Shaanxi Province, China." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 11: 505.
This study was undertaken to produce landslide susceptibility maps by the frequency ratio (FR) and weight-of-evidence (WOE) methods for the Qingshui River Basin, and compare three combinations of different controlling factors to get the best number for analysis. Since conditioning factors create suitable conditions for landslides, 11 such parameters were used for this study: slope angle, aspect, altitude, valley depth, lithology group, distance to water bodies, stream power index, topographic wetness index, longitudinal curvature, cross-sectional curvature, and relief. Performances of models with 6, 8, and 11 of these factors were evaluated using two models to obtain reliable landslide susceptibility maps, investigate the effect of different numbers of factors, and determine the most effective. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to verify the accuracy of the landslide susceptibility assessment results. AUCs for the prediction rate curve of FR and WOE, with 6, 8, and 11 landslide variables, were 0.765, 0.731, 0.702 and 0.771, 0.728, 0.717, respectively. The results indicate that WOE model performed better than the FR model in the basin and that accuracy of evaluation decreases (rather than increases) with an increase in number of variables. Abbreviations: FR: frequency ratio; WOE: weight-of-evidence
Shuyue Ma; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yanqian Pei; Wenlu Yang; Dongdong Yang; Mingming Cao. Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility on the Loess Plateau in China. Physical Geography 2019, 41, 489 -516.
AMA StyleShuyue Ma, Haijun Qiu, Sheng Hu, Yanqian Pei, Wenlu Yang, Dongdong Yang, Mingming Cao. Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility on the Loess Plateau in China. Physical Geography. 2019; 41 (6):489-516.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShuyue Ma; Haijun Qiu; Sheng Hu; Yanqian Pei; Wenlu Yang; Dongdong Yang; Mingming Cao. 2019. "Quantitative assessment of landslide susceptibility on the Loess Plateau in China." Physical Geography 41, no. 6: 489-516.
This paper quantitatively examines the effects of slope height and slope gradient on landslide size distributions. We developed a loess slide inventory by using field survey data. Statistical analysis shows that most landslides are concentrated in areas with slope heights less than 60 m, and approximately 30% of the loess slides occurred on slopes with a gradient between 30° and 40°. However, high and steep slopes are rare in nature. We calculated the relative density of landslides, and the results showed that the relative density of landslides is greater on higher slopes with steeper slope gradients. Moreover, landslide size is correlated with slope height and slope gradient. The results demonstrate that landslide size increases as slope height increases and decreases as slope gradient increases. Furthermore, we determined the probability density of landslide area using kernel density estimation. The results showed that the landslide size distribution exhibits power law scaling above a certain size threshold, and the size threshold differs for different slope heights and slope gradients. The exponential scalings are influenced by slope height and slope gradient. Our results indicate that the exponential scaling decreases with increasing slope height and increases with increasing slope gradient. Large landslides are more frequent with a higher slope height and gentler slope gradient.
Haijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Shuyue Ma; Zijing Liu. Size distribution and size of loess slides in response to slope height and slope gradient based on field survey data. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 2019, 10, 1443 -1458.
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Yifei Cui, Sheng Hu, Dongdong Yang, Yanqian Pei, Shuyue Ma, Zijing Liu. Size distribution and size of loess slides in response to slope height and slope gradient based on field survey data. Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk. 2019; 10 (1):1443-1458.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Yifei Cui; Sheng Hu; Dongdong Yang; Yanqian Pei; Shuyue Ma; Zijing Liu. 2019. "Size distribution and size of loess slides in response to slope height and slope gradient based on field survey data." Geomatics, Natural Hazards and Risk 10, no. 1: 1443-1458.
Currently, the theory and methodology of digital terrain analysis (DTA) has been well developed. However, this technique has not been widely applied in the research of loess landslides in China. This study investigated the application of DTA on loess landslides with the high-resolution terrain data obtained from low-cost unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Taking a high-speed and long-runout landslide occurring on the Bailu Loess Tableland, a typical landform type on the Loess Plateau, as an example, we illustrated the fundamental characteristics and spatial patterns of the landslide from various perspectives and performed hydrology analysis, geomorphic change detection, hypsometric integral (HI) and stability analysis, morphology analysis, and structure analysis. The results prove that the DTA methodology cannot only advance understanding of the geomorphology and structure of landslides and detect geomorphic change but also reveal the evolution principles of landforms and demonstrate unique advantages in the prediction of the internal stability of landslides. In conclusion, the DTA methods adopted in this paper are useful to better understand loess landslide and its relationship with geomorphologic evolution.
Sheng Hu; Haijun Qiu; Yanqian Pei; Yifei Cui; Wanli Xie; Xingang Wang; Dongdong Yang; Xiang Tu; Qiang Zou; Puyuan Cao; Mingming Cao. Digital terrain analysis of a landslide on the loess tableland using high-resolution topography data. Landslides 2018, 16, 617 -632.
AMA StyleSheng Hu, Haijun Qiu, Yanqian Pei, Yifei Cui, Wanli Xie, Xingang Wang, Dongdong Yang, Xiang Tu, Qiang Zou, Puyuan Cao, Mingming Cao. Digital terrain analysis of a landslide on the loess tableland using high-resolution topography data. Landslides. 2018; 16 (3):617-632.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSheng Hu; Haijun Qiu; Yanqian Pei; Yifei Cui; Wanli Xie; Xingang Wang; Dongdong Yang; Xiang Tu; Qiang Zou; Puyuan Cao; Mingming Cao. 2018. "Digital terrain analysis of a landslide on the loess tableland using high-resolution topography data." Landslides 16, no. 3: 617-632.
Haijun Qiu; Peng Cui; Amar Deep Regmi; Sheng Hu; Junqing Hao. Loess slide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model and artificial neural network. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 2018, 52, 38 -45.
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Peng Cui, Amar Deep Regmi, Sheng Hu, Junqing Hao. Loess slide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model and artificial neural network. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology. 2018; 52 (1):38-45.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Peng Cui; Amar Deep Regmi; Sheng Hu; Junqing Hao. 2018. "Loess slide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model and artificial neural network." Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology 52, no. 1: 38-45.
To improve landslide hazard mapping quality, a functional relationship with travel distance prediction is essential. To obtain a more accurate empirical relationship for predicting loess slide travel distances, we developed a loess slide database for the central Loess Plateau using a combination of remote sensing image interpretations, existing datasets, and an intensive field survey. The loess slide travel distance was concentrated within less than 200 m, according to a cumulative frequency analysis. Our results reveal that the loess slide volume, slope height, and slope inclination of the sliding area control the travel distance, and this relation is well-described by a power law function. Furthermore, statistical analysis suggested that the equivalent coefficient of friction decreases with an increase in loess slide volume but increases with an increase in slope inclination. We compared the prediction performances of four empirical relationships proposed in this study using the mean absolute percentage error and Theil inequality coefficient methods. We discovered that the empirical relationship with three independent variables can more accurately predict the loess slide travel distance than the relationships with one or two independent variables.
Haijun Qiu; Peng Cui; Sheng Hu; Amar Deep Regmi; Xingang Wang; Dongdong Yang. Developing empirical relationships to predict loess slide travel distances: a case study on the Loess Plateau in China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 2018, 77, 1299 -1309.
AMA StyleHaijun Qiu, Peng Cui, Sheng Hu, Amar Deep Regmi, Xingang Wang, Dongdong Yang. Developing empirical relationships to predict loess slide travel distances: a case study on the Loess Plateau in China. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment. 2018; 77 (4):1299-1309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaijun Qiu; Peng Cui; Sheng Hu; Amar Deep Regmi; Xingang Wang; Dongdong Yang. 2018. "Developing empirical relationships to predict loess slide travel distances: a case study on the Loess Plateau in China." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 77, no. 4: 1299-1309.