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M. A. Benvenutti
Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries

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Journal article
Published: 30 May 2020 in Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales
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A plot study was conducted at the Gatton Research Dairy, Queensland, Australia, to quantify the effects of 5 regrowth periods (9, 11, 14, 16 and 18 days) and 4 vertical strata on the composition and nutritive value of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures using a block factorial design with 4 replicates. Pasture samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), ethanol-soluble carbohydrates (ESC), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom), in vitro indigestible neutral detergent fibre (iNDF240) and minerals. Metabolizable energy (ME) was then calculated from the concentrations of other nutrients. Regardless of the stage of regrowth, stems were located mainly in the bottom 1 or 2 strata, while leaves were present mainly in the top 2 or 3 strata. CP, ESC and ME declined, but aNDFom, ADF and iNDF240 increased with stage of regrowth and from top to bottom of the swards (P

ACS Style

Marcelo A. Benvenutti; Craig Findsen; Jean V. Savian; David G. Mayer; David G. Barber. The effect of stage of regrowth on the physical composition and nutritive value of the various vertical strata of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 2020, 8, 141 -146.

AMA Style

Marcelo A. Benvenutti, Craig Findsen, Jean V. Savian, David G. Mayer, David G. Barber. The effect of stage of regrowth on the physical composition and nutritive value of the various vertical strata of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures. Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales. 2020; 8 (2):141-146.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcelo A. Benvenutti; Craig Findsen; Jean V. Savian; David G. Mayer; David G. Barber. 2020. "The effect of stage of regrowth on the physical composition and nutritive value of the various vertical strata of kikuyu (Cenchrus clandestinus) pastures." Tropical Grasslands-Forrajes Tropicales 8, no. 2: 141-146.

Journal article
Published: 22 May 2020 in Animals
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The effects of lucerne (Medicago sativa) post-grazing residual pasture height on pasture utilisation (vertical and horizontal), pasture intake and animal production were investigated in a sub-tropical partial mixed ration dairy system. The study took place at the Gatton Research Dairy, Southeast Queensland (−27.552, 152.333), with a 26-day adaptation period followed by two 8-day measurement periods during August and September 2018. A quantity of 30 multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were offered two levels of mixed ration, 7 and 14 kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day for low and high levels respectively, and five levels of pasture allocation, to achieve decreasing residual pasture heights. Pasture allocations measured from 5 cm above ground level for the low mixed ration groups averaged 12.7, 15.9, 19.8, 35.3 and 49.2 kg DM/cow/day, and for the high mixed ration groups averaged 5.0, 8.3, 10.3, 18.6, and 25.2 kg DM/cow/day, respectively. As pasture allocation decreased, cows were forced to graze further down into the pasture sward, and therefore residual pasture height declined. Total intake (kg DM/cow/day) declined as residual pasture height (expressed as % of the initial height) declined, irrespective of mixed ration level, decreasing by 0.5 kg DM/cow/day for every 10% decrease in residual pasture height. Low total intakes were associated with high non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in plasma, indicating mobilisation of fat tissue to maintain milk production. In the high allocation treatments, an area of pasture remained ungrazed and cows were only grazing the top leafy stratum where pasture intake rate and intake were highest. Therefore, to maximise intake in sub-tropical partial mixed ration (PMR) systems, lucerne pasture should be allocated so that cows are always grazing the top leafy stratum. This can be achieved by ensuring the pasture around faecal patches remains ungrazed.

ACS Style

Kieran A. D. Ison; Marcelo A. Benvenutti; David G. Mayer; Simon Quigley; David G. Barber. Maximising Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 2—The Effect of Post-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level. Animals 2020, 10, 904 .

AMA Style

Kieran A. D. Ison, Marcelo A. Benvenutti, David G. Mayer, Simon Quigley, David G. Barber. Maximising Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 2—The Effect of Post-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):904.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kieran A. D. Ison; Marcelo A. Benvenutti; David G. Mayer; Simon Quigley; David G. Barber. 2020. "Maximising Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 2—The Effect of Post-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level." Animals 10, no. 5: 904.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2020 in Animals
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The effect of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) pre-grazing pasture height on pasture intake and milk production was investigated in a sub-tropical partial mixed ration (PMR) dairy system in south-east Queensland, Australia. The experiment involved a 26-day adaptation period followed by an eight-day measurement period during April and May 2018. Twenty-four multiparous Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were offered a mixed ration at either 7 (low) or 14 (high) kg dry matter (DM)/cow/day and allocated pastures at pre-grazing heights ranging from 23 to 39 cm. The targeted pasture intake was 14 and 7 kg DM/cow/day for cows offered the low and high mixed ration allowances respectively, with a total intake target of 21 kg DM/cow/day. Pasture structure did not limit pasture intake as the all groups left at least 12% of the allocated area ungrazed, and therefore could selectively graze pasture. There was no significant difference in intake between mixed ration levels, however intake had a positive linear relationship with pre-grazing pasture height. For every one cm increase in pasture height, intake increased by 0.3 kg DM/cow/day. Using a grazing strategy that ensures the some pasture remains ungrazed and the pre-grazing height of lucerne is approximately 39 cm above ground level will maximise pasture intake in sub-tropical PMR dairy systems.

ACS Style

Kieran A. D. Ison; Marcelo A. Benvenutti; David G. Mayer; Simon Quigley; David G. Barber. Maximizing Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 1-the Effect of Pre-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level. Animals 2020, 10, 860 .

AMA Style

Kieran A. D. Ison, Marcelo A. Benvenutti, David G. Mayer, Simon Quigley, David G. Barber. Maximizing Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 1-the Effect of Pre-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level. Animals. 2020; 10 (5):860.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kieran A. D. Ison; Marcelo A. Benvenutti; David G. Mayer; Simon Quigley; David G. Barber. 2020. "Maximizing Lucerne (Medicago sativa) Pasture Intake of Dairy Cows: 1-the Effect of Pre-Grazing Pasture Height and Mixed Ration Level." Animals 10, no. 5: 860.

Short communication
Published: 23 January 2019 in Animal Feed Science and Technology
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Pasture meters are typically calibrated to estimate total pasture mass (TPM). Recent studies have shown that animal productivity was driven by the level of utilisation of the top leafy stratum (TLS) rather than the TPM. A study of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pasture conducted on two farms located in southeast Queensland, Australia assessed whether pasture mass of the TLS, bottom stemmy stratum (BSS) and TPM can be more accurately estimated by using not only pasture surface height but also pasture density derived from height data captured by a laser sensor. The results indicated that there was a notable improvement of the pasture mass estimates when density was included in the calibration equations. The study also compared the accuracy of the pasture mass estimates between the laser sensor and mechanical pasture meters (rising plate meter and ruler). The results indicated that all devices provided reasonable estimates of pasture mass for TLS, BSS and total (R2 ≥ 0.75). However, pasture mass was estimated with slightly higher level of accuracy when using the laser sensor in comparison with the other pasture meters, particularly for the top leafy stratum (R2 = 0.81 vs R2 ≤ 0.77).

ACS Style

M.A. Benvenutti; D.G. Barber; D.G. Mayer; K. Ison; M.V. Colman; C. Findsen. Comparison between a laser sensor and mechanical tools to estimate pasture mass in strata of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures. Animal Feed Science and Technology 2019, 249, 31 -36.

AMA Style

M.A. Benvenutti, D.G. Barber, D.G. Mayer, K. Ison, M.V. Colman, C. Findsen. Comparison between a laser sensor and mechanical tools to estimate pasture mass in strata of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures. Animal Feed Science and Technology. 2019; 249 ():31-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M.A. Benvenutti; D.G. Barber; D.G. Mayer; K. Ison; M.V. Colman; C. Findsen. 2019. "Comparison between a laser sensor and mechanical tools to estimate pasture mass in strata of kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum) pastures." Animal Feed Science and Technology 249, no. : 31-36.

Animal research papers
Published: 20 November 2017 in The Journal of Agricultural Science
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SUMMARY Sugarcane is an important forage resource in sub-tropical and tropical areas as it is used during the winter or dry season when the growth rate of pastures is significantly reduced. The current research study assessed the effect of four vertical sections of sugarcane in a pen trial and the level of sugarcane utilization in a grazing trial on the ingestive behaviour and forage intake of two age groups of steers (1 and 2 years old). The pen trial was comprised of two simultaneous 4 × 4 balanced Latin square designs (one for each age group of animals) of four periods, four animals and four feeding treatments, which consisted of four equal vertical sections of sugarcane. Dry matter (DM) and digestible DM (DDM) intake per kilogram of metabolic weight declined gradually from top to bottom of the sugarcane, with no significant differences between the age groups of steers. This difference in intake was associated with a decline in intake of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) as a proportion of the liveweight of the animal and an increase of total chewing time per kilogram of DM or NDF from top to bottom of the sugarcane. It was concluded that the toughness of plant material played a significant role regulating intake, which was higher for the top sections of sugarcane. In the grazing trial, steers of both age groups grazed down sugarcane in three plots over 9 days. Steers grazed up to four distinctive grazing strata. Digestible DM intake (DDM intake) was high at low levels of horizontal utilization of the top grazing stratum but DDM intake started to decline sharply when this stratum was removed in 0·92 of paddock area (i.e. equivalent to 0·08 of the pasture area remaining un-grazed). It was concluded that the proportion of un-grazed area of the pasture can be used as a grazing management strategy to control forage intake for sugarcane.

ACS Style

M. A. Benvenutti; D. R. Pavetti; D. P. Poppi; D. G. Mayer; I. J. Gordon. Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies. The Journal of Agricultural Science 2017, 155, 1677 -1688.

AMA Style

M. A. Benvenutti, D. R. Pavetti, D. P. Poppi, D. G. Mayer, I. J. Gordon. Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies. The Journal of Agricultural Science. 2017; 155 (10):1677-1688.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. A. Benvenutti; D. R. Pavetti; D. P. Poppi; D. G. Mayer; I. J. Gordon. 2017. "Ingestive behaviour and forage intake responses of young and mature steers to the vertical differentiation of sugarcane in pen and grazing studies." The Journal of Agricultural Science 155, no. 10: 1677-1688.