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Introducing a hyperbolic vortex into a showerhead is a possibility to achieve higher spray velocities for a given discharge without reducing the nozzle diameter. Due to the introduction of air bubbles into the water by the vortex, the spray is pushed from a transition (dripping faucet) regime into a jetting regime, which results in higher droplet and jet velocities using the same nozzle diameter and throughput. The same droplet and jet diameters were realized compared to a showerhead without a vortex. Assuming that the satisfaction of a shower experience is largely dependent on the droplet size and velocity, the implementation of a vortex in the showerhead could provide the same shower experience with ~14% less water consumption compared to the normal showerhead. A full optical and physical analysis was presented, and the important chemical parameters were investigated.
Maarten V. Van De Griend; Luewton L. F. Agostinho; Elmar C. Fuchs; Nigel Dyer; Willibald Loiskandl. Consequences of the Integration of a Hyperbolic Funnel into a Showerhead for Droplets, Jet Break-Up Lengths, and Physical-Chemical Parameters. Water 2019, 11, 2446 .
AMA StyleMaarten V. Van De Griend, Luewton L. F. Agostinho, Elmar C. Fuchs, Nigel Dyer, Willibald Loiskandl. Consequences of the Integration of a Hyperbolic Funnel into a Showerhead for Droplets, Jet Break-Up Lengths, and Physical-Chemical Parameters. Water. 2019; 11 (12):2446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaarten V. Van De Griend; Luewton L. F. Agostinho; Elmar C. Fuchs; Nigel Dyer; Willibald Loiskandl. 2019. "Consequences of the Integration of a Hyperbolic Funnel into a Showerhead for Droplets, Jet Break-Up Lengths, and Physical-Chemical Parameters." Water 11, no. 12: 2446.