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Type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy caused by genetic mutation in the glycogen synthase 1 gene is present in many breeds including the Noriker and Haflinger horses. In humans, EMG has already been used to document changes in the muscle activity patterns of patients affected by human glycogen storage disorders. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to describe gluteus muscle activity with surface electromyography (sEMG) in Haflinger and Noriker horses with known GYS1 mutation status during walk and trot. Thirty‐two horses (11 Haflinger and 21 Noriker horses) with homozygous non‐affected (GG), heterozygous affected (GA) and homozygous affected (AA) status of GYS1 mutation without overt clinical signs of any myopathy were selected for the current study. Using surface electromyography gluteus medius muscle activity at walk and at trot was measured, and muscle activity was described in relation to the maximum observed value at the same sensor and the same gait. In order to further describe the signals in detail comprising both frequencies and amplitudes, the crossings through the baseline and the 25, 50 and 75 percentile lines were determined. The result of the relative muscle activity did not show a consistent difference between affected and non‐affected horses. Genetically affected (GA and AA) horses showed significantly less density of muscle activity for both gaits and horse breeds except for the crossings per second at the baseline and 75 percentile at walk in the Haflinger horses and 75 percentile at trot in the Noriker horses. The medians of all calculated density values were significantly lower in the GA Haflingers compared to the GG Haflingers (p = 0.012) and also in the AA Norikers compared to the GG Norikers (p = 0.011). Results indicate that the GYS1 mutation reduces the number of functional muscle fibres detected by sEMG measurements even in the absence of overt clinical signs.
Rebeka Roza Zsoldos; Negar Khayatzadeh; Johann Soelkner; Ulrike Schroeder; Caroline Hahn; Theresia Franziska Licka. Comparison of gluteus medius muscle activity in Haflinger and Noriker horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 2021, 105, 549 -557.
AMA StyleRebeka Roza Zsoldos, Negar Khayatzadeh, Johann Soelkner, Ulrike Schroeder, Caroline Hahn, Theresia Franziska Licka. Comparison of gluteus medius muscle activity in Haflinger and Noriker horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition. 2021; 105 (3):549-557.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebeka Roza Zsoldos; Negar Khayatzadeh; Johann Soelkner; Ulrike Schroeder; Caroline Hahn; Theresia Franziska Licka. 2021. "Comparison of gluteus medius muscle activity in Haflinger and Noriker horses with polysaccharide storage myopathy." Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 105, no. 3: 549-557.
Accurately measuring body temperature in horses will improve the management of horses suffering from or being at risk of developing postrace exertional heat illness. PTSM has the potential for measuring body temperature accurately, safely, rapidly, and noninvasively. This study was undertaken to investigate the relation between the core body temperature and PTSM temperatures prior to, during, and immediately after exercise. The microchips were implanted into the nuchal ligament, the right splenius, gluteal, and pectoral muscles, and these locations were then compared with the central venous temperature, which is considered to be the “gold standard” for assessing core body temperature. The changes in temperature of each implant in the horses were evaluated in each phase (prior to, during, and immediately postexercise) and combining all phases. There were strong positive correlations ranging from 0.82 to 0.94 (p < 0.001) of all the muscle sites with the central venous temperature when combining all the phases. Additionally, during the whole period, PTSM had narrow limits of agreement (LOA) with central venous temperature, which inferred that PTSM is essentially equivalent in measuring horse body temperature. Overall, the pectoral PTSM provided a valid estimation of the core body temperature.
Hyungsuk Kang; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Solomon M. Woldeyohannes; John B. Gaughan; Albert Sole Guitart. The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips for Body Temperature Measurements in Horses Prior to, during and after Treadmill Exercise. Animals 2020, 10, 2274 .
AMA StyleHyungsuk Kang, Rebeka R. Zsoldos, Solomon M. Woldeyohannes, John B. Gaughan, Albert Sole Guitart. The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips for Body Temperature Measurements in Horses Prior to, during and after Treadmill Exercise. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2274.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyungsuk Kang; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Solomon M. Woldeyohannes; John B. Gaughan; Albert Sole Guitart. 2020. "The Use of Percutaneous Thermal Sensing Microchips for Body Temperature Measurements in Horses Prior to, during and after Treadmill Exercise." Animals 10, no. 12: 2274.
Electrical stimulation is commonly used as a modality for physical therapy in human and veterinary medicine. However, studies measuring the movement generated by electrical stimulation in horses are rare. The present study therefore evaluates the range of movement provoked by a commercially available physical therapy unit (FES310) and contrasts it with the movement generated by manually induced pelvic inclination (back rounding). Ten horses were tested on three measurement days over one week. Electrical stimulation was applied via a back treatment pad (belonging to the FES310 system) containing six electrodes (three on either side of the spine) placed over the lumbosacral region. This system produced a pulsed, biphasic electrical stimulation in a rectangular waveform which was gradually increased to a maximum of 10 volts. Before and after electrical stimulation testing, manual pelvic inclination was achieved by pressure on two points lateral to the root of the tail before and after electrical stimulation. Muscle tone and lameness were evaluated before and after treatments. Skinfold thickness, Body Condition Score and body mass were measured to detect possible confounding factors. Using kinematics, the angle ranges during movement of ten three dimensional angles of the trunk, the pelvis, and the hindlimbs were further analyzed. Movement was produced with manual stimulation in every tested individual on all measurement days and with electrical stimulation on at least one measurement day. The electrical stimulation led to significantly (P<0.05) smaller angle ranges which were 15 % to 57 % of the median of the manually stimulated movement. Strong positive correlations between angle ranges of the electrically generated movement were found for the hindlimbs implicating their involvement in the movement created. Correlations between skinfold thickness, Body Condition Score and body mass with the angle ranges were weak and not significant. Before and after electrical and manual stimulation, muscle tone and lameness were similar. In the present study, both electrical and manual stimulation were proven to produce significant trunk and hindlimb movement. Within this study’s electrical stimulation treatment protocol, the movement generated by electrical stimulation was significantly less than the movement caused by manual pelvic inclination. However, electrical stimulation could easily be applied over a longer period of time and in a higher frequency than it would be possible for manual pelvic inclination. Therefore, this treatment may be of value for stabilization and or mobilization of the lumbosacral region, though its efficiency as a therapeutic tool and its effect on specific orthopedic problems and is to be evaluated in further research.
Daniela C. Riedler; Rebeka Zsoldos; Matthias Robel; Isabelle D. Jobst; Theresia F. Licka. Movement Caused by Electrical Stimulation of the Lumbosacral Region in Standing Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2020, 91, 103116 .
AMA StyleDaniela C. Riedler, Rebeka Zsoldos, Matthias Robel, Isabelle D. Jobst, Theresia F. Licka. Movement Caused by Electrical Stimulation of the Lumbosacral Region in Standing Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2020; 91 ():103116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaniela C. Riedler; Rebeka Zsoldos; Matthias Robel; Isabelle D. Jobst; Theresia F. Licka. 2020. "Movement Caused by Electrical Stimulation of the Lumbosacral Region in Standing Horses." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 91, no. : 103116.
Lameness evaluation (LE) is an important veterinary skill, but it can be a challenging task to teach. Acoustic and visual input in conjunction with acting are the three major learning channels for acquiring new information. Acting (e.g., physical self-experience) has not been reported as a didactic tool for LE; therefore, we investigated two physical self-experience techniques, imitation of lameness during LE instruction and head nod during LE. Undergraduate veterinary students ( N = 78) who had not yet received any instructions for LE underwent standard instruction for LE, followed by instructions to head nod, instructions to imitate lameness, or neither. Students’ subjective LE skills were then tested against those of senior clinicians on two horses that were either sound or mildly forelimb lame. In more than 80%, there was agreement on the presence or absence of lameness independent of instruction, and we found no significant evaluation differences between didactic strategies. Specific instructions for head nodding did not significantly influence the quality of LE, possibly because head nodding was widespread even when no specific instructions had been given. Veterinary students who had been taught to imitate lameness without instructions to head nod were consistently closest to the assessment of the senior clinicians, and in walk these students were significantly better at LE than students additionally instructed to head nod. This finding indicates that imitation of lameness, but not necessarily head nodding, may be beneficial for understanding body movement such as mild equine forelimb lameness.
Katrin Schieder; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Maximiliane Dippel; Claudia Siedler; Alexander Tichy; Theresia F. Licka. Use of Physical Self-Experience for Teaching Lameness Evaluation: Short-Term Effects on Lameness Evaluation of Horses with Mild Forelimb Lameness by Novice Veterinary Students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 2020, 47, 342 -355.
AMA StyleKatrin Schieder, Rebeka R. Zsoldos, Maximiliane Dippel, Claudia Siedler, Alexander Tichy, Theresia F. Licka. Use of Physical Self-Experience for Teaching Lameness Evaluation: Short-Term Effects on Lameness Evaluation of Horses with Mild Forelimb Lameness by Novice Veterinary Students. Journal of Veterinary Medical Education. 2020; 47 (3):342-355.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatrin Schieder; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Maximiliane Dippel; Claudia Siedler; Alexander Tichy; Theresia F. Licka. 2020. "Use of Physical Self-Experience for Teaching Lameness Evaluation: Short-Term Effects on Lameness Evaluation of Horses with Mild Forelimb Lameness by Novice Veterinary Students." Journal of Veterinary Medical Education 47, no. 3: 342-355.
The present study investigated accelerations of the front and hind hooves of horses comparing two different shoe types. A standard steel shoe, with studs, pins, and in some instances with toe grabs, was compared to a steel shoe covered on the bottom with a layer of polyurethane. Four horses were used; they trotted in hand on an asphalt track at their self-selected speed. The results showed significantly reduced decelerations during the stance phase with the polyurethane-covered shoes (10th percentile median steel −2.77 g, polyurethane −2.46 g; p = 0.06) and significantly increased decelerations in front hooves compared to hind hooves with steel shoes (70th percentile median −1.04 g front hooves, 0.12 g hind hooves, p = 0.04). Horses trotted faster using longer strides with the polyurethane-covered shoes compared to the steel shoes. The results show that effects of shoe types should be investigated simultaneously in front and hind hooves, and that PU shoes may aid in reducing the overload present in the front limbs of horses.
Lauren Veneta Moore; Rebeka Roza Zsoldos; Theresia Franziska Licka. Trot Accelerations of Equine Front and Hind Hooves Shod with Polyurethane Composite Shoes and Steel Shoes on Asphalt. Animals 2019, 9, 1119 .
AMA StyleLauren Veneta Moore, Rebeka Roza Zsoldos, Theresia Franziska Licka. Trot Accelerations of Equine Front and Hind Hooves Shod with Polyurethane Composite Shoes and Steel Shoes on Asphalt. Animals. 2019; 9 (12):1119.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLauren Veneta Moore; Rebeka Roza Zsoldos; Theresia Franziska Licka. 2019. "Trot Accelerations of Equine Front and Hind Hooves Shod with Polyurethane Composite Shoes and Steel Shoes on Asphalt." Animals 9, no. 12: 1119.
Pressure in the atlanto-axial region due to hyperflexion ('rollkur') may influence the development of a nuchal bursa, as adventitious bursae may be caused by pressure. Investigating the pressure between the nuchal ligament and atlas/axis in a flexed position may provide information on the pathogenesis of nuchal bursitis. In this study, ten equine head and neck specimens with one side of the soft tissues over the cervical vertebral spine removed were placed in lateral recumbency on a table in neutral, mildly flexed, and hyperflexed head and neck positions. Angulations of the neck were measured using markers placed on the nuchal ligament and drilled into the skull, vertebrae and withers. In six specimens, the pressure between the nuchal ligament and the atlas and the axis was measured using an inflatable air pouch. Hyperflexion was associated with the highest nuchal ligament length and with the highest pressure values at the site of the nuchal bursa over the atlas (99±24mmHg, more than four times the pressure in the neutral position) and over the axis (77±30mmHg, more than twice the pressure values of the neutral position). Also, over the three head and neck positions, neck flexion angles were highly correlated with pressure values and with nuchal ligament length. This marked increase in pressure at the level of atlas and axis caused by head and neck hyperflexion should be considered during training of horses at risk of, or diagnosed with, nuchal bursitis.
M. Dippel; R.R. Zsoldos; T.F. Licka. An equine cadaver study investigating the relationship between cervical flexion, nuchal ligament elongation and pressure at the first and second cervical vertebra. The Veterinary Journal 2019, 252, 105353 .
AMA StyleM. Dippel, R.R. Zsoldos, T.F. Licka. An equine cadaver study investigating the relationship between cervical flexion, nuchal ligament elongation and pressure at the first and second cervical vertebra. The Veterinary Journal. 2019; 252 ():105353.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Dippel; R.R. Zsoldos; T.F. Licka. 2019. "An equine cadaver study investigating the relationship between cervical flexion, nuchal ligament elongation and pressure at the first and second cervical vertebra." The Veterinary Journal 252, no. : 105353.
The equine m. gluteus medius (GM) is the largest muscle of the horse, its main movement function is the extension of the hip joint. The objective of the present study was to measure equine GM activity in three adjacent locations on GM during walk and trot on a treadmill, in order to document potential differences. Fourteen Haflinger mares were measured using surface electromyography and kinematic markers to identify the motion cycles on three occasions over 16 weeks. The electrodes were placed on left and right gluteus medius muscle over the middle of its widest part and 5 cm lateral and medial of it. For data processing, electrical activity was normalised to its maximum value and timing was normalised to the motion cycle. A Gaussian distribution approach was used to determine up to 10 modes of focussed activity, and results were analysed separately for stance and swing phase of the ipsilateral hindlimb. Fair reliability was found for mean mode values (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.66) and good reliability was found for mean mode locations (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.71) over the three data collection days. The magnitude of muscle activity identified as mean mode value was much larger at trot than at walk, and mean mode value was significantly different between stance phases of walk and trot for all electrode positions (p < 0.01). The pattern of muscle activity identified as mean mode location was significantly different for walk and trot at all electrode positions, both during stance and swing phases (p < 0.001). This indicates the different timing pattern between the gaits. Results of the three electrode positions on the same muscle during each gait were not significantly different when comparing the same measurement. The middle of the equine GM does not show any indication of functional differentiation during walk and trot on a treadmill; this might be due to lack of segmentation as such, or due to lack of need for segmented use for these very basic main tasks of the muscle. The reliability of the sEMG measurements over several weeks was fair to good, an indication for the robustness of the methodology.
Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Anna Voegele; Bjoern Krueger; Ulrike Schroeder; Andreas Weber; Theresia F. Licka. Long term consistency and location specificity of equine gluteus medius muscle activity during locomotion on the treadmill. BMC Veterinary Research 2018, 14, 126 .
AMA StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos, Anna Voegele, Bjoern Krueger, Ulrike Schroeder, Andreas Weber, Theresia F. Licka. Long term consistency and location specificity of equine gluteus medius muscle activity during locomotion on the treadmill. BMC Veterinary Research. 2018; 14 (1):126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos; Anna Voegele; Bjoern Krueger; Ulrike Schroeder; Andreas Weber; Theresia F. Licka. 2018. "Long term consistency and location specificity of equine gluteus medius muscle activity during locomotion on the treadmill." BMC Veterinary Research 14, no. 1: 126.
Accurate identification of the hip joint centre (HJC) is crucial for the correct estimation of knee and hip joint loads and kinematics, which is particularly relevant in orthopaedic surgery and musculoskeletal modelling. Several methods have been described for calculation of the HJC in humans, however, no studies have used these methods in the horse despite a similar need for improved evaluation of hip joint biomechanics in rehabilitation and musculoskeletal modelling. This preliminary study uses the commonly used functional method (least-squares sphere fit) to determine the HJC in three equid cadavers. Bone pins with reflective markers attached were drilled into the tuber coxae (TC), tuber ischium (TI), tuber sacrale (TS), greater trochanter (GT), third trochanter (TT) and lateral femoral condyle (FC) of the uppermost limb of the cadavers positioned in lateral recumbency. Three repetitions of passive movements consisting of pro-and retraction, ab- and adduction and circumduction were performed. The HJC was calculated using a least-squares sphere fitting method and presented as a distance from the TC based on a percentage of the TC to TI vector magnitude. Mean (± standard deviation) of the HJC is located 52.4% (± 3.9) caudally, 0.2% (± 6.5) dorsally, and 19.8% (± 4.2) medially from the TC. This study is the first to quantify the HJC in horses ex vivo using a functional method. Further work (in vivo and imaging) is required to validate the findings of the present study.
S. Valentin; C. Peham; Rebeka Zsoldos; T.F. Licka. A sphere fitting approach to determine the hip joint centre of the horse. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2017, 13, 113 -118.
AMA StyleS. Valentin, C. Peham, Rebeka Zsoldos, T.F. Licka. A sphere fitting approach to determine the hip joint centre of the horse. Comparative Exercise Physiology. 2017; 13 (2):113-118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Valentin; C. Peham; Rebeka Zsoldos; T.F. Licka. 2017. "A sphere fitting approach to determine the hip joint centre of the horse." Comparative Exercise Physiology 13, no. 2: 113-118.
This paper introduces a new method for data analysis of animal muscle activation during locomotion. It is based on fitting Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) to surface EMG data (sEMG). This approach enables researchers/users to isolate parts of the overall muscle activation within locomotion EMG data. Furthermore, it provides new opportunities for analysis and exploration of sEMG data by using the resulting Gaussian modes as atomic building blocks for a hierarchical clustering. In our experiments, composite peak models representing the general activation pattern per sensor location (one sensor on the long back muscle, three sensors on the gluteus muscle on each body side) were identified per individual for all 14 horses during walk and trot in the present study. Hereby we show the applicability of the method to identify composite peak models, which describe activation of different muscles throughout cycles of locomotion.
Anna Magdalena Vögele; Rebeka Zsoldos; Bjorn Kruger; Theresia Licka. Novel Methods for Surface EMG Analysis and Exploration Based on Multi-Modal Gaussian Mixture Models. PLOS ONE 2016, 11, e0157239 .
AMA StyleAnna Magdalena Vögele, Rebeka Zsoldos, Bjorn Kruger, Theresia Licka. Novel Methods for Surface EMG Analysis and Exploration Based on Multi-Modal Gaussian Mixture Models. PLOS ONE. 2016; 11 (6):e0157239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Magdalena Vögele; Rebeka Zsoldos; Bjorn Kruger; Theresia Licka. 2016. "Novel Methods for Surface EMG Analysis and Exploration Based on Multi-Modal Gaussian Mixture Models." PLOS ONE 11, no. 6: e0157239.
The study of muscle activity using surface electromyography (sEMG) is commonly used for investigations of the neuromuscular system in man. Although sEMG has faced methodological challenges, considerable technical advances have been made in the last few decades. Similarly, the field of animal biomechanics, including sEMG, has grown despite being confronted with often complex experimental conditions. In human sEMG research, standardised protocols have been developed, however these are lacking in animal sEMG. Before standards can be proposed in this population group, the existing research in animal sEMG should be collated and evaluated. Therefore the aim of this review is to systematically identify and summarise the literature in animal sEMG focussing on (1) species, breeds, activities and muscles investigated, and (2) electrode placement and normalisation methods used. The databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Vetmed Resource were searched systematically for sEMG studies in animals and 38 articles were included in the final review. Data on methodological quality was collected and summarised. The findings from this systematic review indicate the divergence in animal sEMG methodology and as a result, future steps required to develop standardisation in animal sEMG are proposed.
Stephanie Valentin; Rebeka Zsoldos. Surface electromyography in animal biomechanics: A systematic review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 2015, 28, 167 -183.
AMA StyleStephanie Valentin, Rebeka Zsoldos. Surface electromyography in animal biomechanics: A systematic review. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology. 2015; 28 ():167-183.
Chicago/Turabian StyleStephanie Valentin; Rebeka Zsoldos. 2015. "Surface electromyography in animal biomechanics: A systematic review." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 28, no. : 167-183.
During both locomotion and body movements at stance, the head and neck of the horse are a major craniocaudal and lateral balancing mechanism employing input from the visual, vestibular and proprioceptive systems. The function of the equine neck has recently become the focus of several research groups; this is probably also feeding on an increase of interest in the equine neck in equestrian sports, with a controversial discussion of specific neck positions such as maximum head and neck flexion. The aim of this review is to offer an overview of new findings on the structures and functions of the equine neck, illustrating their interplay. The movement of the neck is based on intervertebral motion, but it is also an integral part of locomotion; this is illustrated by the different neck conformations in the breeds of horses used for various types of work. The considerable effect of the neck movement and posture onto the whole trunk and even the limbs is transmitted via bony, ligamentous and muscular structures. Also, the fact that the neck position can easily be influenced by the rider and/or by the employment of training aids makes it an important avenue for training of new movements of the neck as well as the whole horse. Additionally, the neck position also affects the cervical spinal cord as well as the roots of the spinal nerves; besides the commonly encountered long-term neurological effects of cervical vertebral disorders, short-term changes of neural and muscular function have also been identified in the maximum flexion of the cranial neck and head position. During locomotion, the neck stores elastic energy within the passive tissues such as ligaments, joint capsules and fasciae. For adequate stabilisation, additional muscle activity is necessary; this is learned and requires constant muscle training as it is essential to prevent excessive wear and tear on the vertebral joints and also repetitive or single trauma to the spinal nerves and the spinal cord. The capability for this stabilisation decreases with age in the majority of horses due to changes in muscle tissue, muscle coordination and consequently muscle strength.
Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Theresia Licka. The equine neck and its function during movement and locomotion. Zoology 2015, 118, 364 -376.
AMA StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos, Theresia Licka. The equine neck and its function during movement and locomotion. Zoology. 2015; 118 (5):364-376.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos; Theresia Licka. 2015. "The equine neck and its function during movement and locomotion." Zoology 118, no. 5: 364-376.
Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Ulrike Schroder; Theresia F. Licka. Individuality of centre of body movement at walk and trot within the Haflinger breed. Poljoprivreda 2015, 21, 121 -125.
AMA StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos, Ulrike Schroder, Theresia F. Licka. Individuality of centre of body movement at walk and trot within the Haflinger breed. Poljoprivreda. 2015; 21 (1):121-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebeka R. Zsoldos; Ulrike Schroder; Theresia F. Licka. 2015. "Individuality of centre of body movement at walk and trot within the Haflinger breed." Poljoprivreda 21, no. 1: 121-125.
Describing the effects of a carbohydrate-rich diet (CRD) on Haflingers with R309 H glycogensynthase 1 (GYS1) mutation. Haflinger mares heterozygous positive (polysaccharide storage myopathy [PSSM] type 1, n = 7) and negative (control, n = 7) for GYS1 mutation received 6 weeks of CRD and hay only (hay), with a wash out period of two. Each diet was followed by oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT), submaximal treadmill exercise test (STET), and biopsies of semitendinosus (STm) and gluteus medius (GMm) muscles. Insulin sensitivity was evaluated by oGTT. Plasma creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and lactate were measured before and after STET. Semitendinosus and GMm biopsies were evaluated for distribution of fiber types (1, 2A, and 2X), chronic myopathic changes, and complex Periodic Acid Schiff (cPAS) positive amylase resistant inclusions. One Haflinger of control group had cPAS inclusions indicating PSSM type 2; therefore, it was excluded. In PSSM1 horses, cPAS were found in every STm sample, and in 10 of 14 GMm samples, furthermore, STm samples showed a greater total myopathy score and significantly more type 2A and fewer type 2X fibers compared with controls. There were no significant differences between groups regarding enzyme levels and for oGTT. Diet had no effect on muscle enzyme levels after STET and on cPAS inclusions in PSSM1 group. Glycogensynthase 1 mutation in Haflingers was not accompanied by clinical signs, even after STET. Carbohydrate-rich diet for 6 weeks did not induce clinical signs or increase cPAS inclusions. As PSSM type 2 is a possibility in Haflingers, STm muscle biopsy and cPAS evaluation should be performed if GYS1 gene test is negative.
Ulrike Schröder; Theresia F. Licka; Rebeka Zsoldos; Caroline N. Hahn; Neil MacIntyre; Ilse Schwendenwein; Bianca Schwarz; René Van Den Hoven. Effect of Diet on Haflinger Horses With GYS1 Mutation (Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Type 1). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 2015, 35, 598 -605.
AMA StyleUlrike Schröder, Theresia F. Licka, Rebeka Zsoldos, Caroline N. Hahn, Neil MacIntyre, Ilse Schwendenwein, Bianca Schwarz, René Van Den Hoven. Effect of Diet on Haflinger Horses With GYS1 Mutation (Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Type 1). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. 2015; 35 (7):598-605.
Chicago/Turabian StyleUlrike Schröder; Theresia F. Licka; Rebeka Zsoldos; Caroline N. Hahn; Neil MacIntyre; Ilse Schwendenwein; Bianca Schwarz; René Van Den Hoven. 2015. "Effect of Diet on Haflinger Horses With GYS1 Mutation (Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy Type 1)." Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 35, no. 7: 598-605.
Nils Wilhelm; Anna Vögele; Rebeka Zsoldos; Theresia Licka; Björn Krüger; Jürgen Bernard. FuryExplorer: visual-interactive exploration of horse motion capture data. Visualization and Data Analysis 2015 2015, 93970F -93970F-15.
AMA StyleNils Wilhelm, Anna Vögele, Rebeka Zsoldos, Theresia Licka, Björn Krüger, Jürgen Bernard. FuryExplorer: visual-interactive exploration of horse motion capture data. Visualization and Data Analysis 2015. 2015; ():93970F-93970F-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNils Wilhelm; Anna Vögele; Rebeka Zsoldos; Theresia Licka; Björn Krüger; Jürgen Bernard. 2015. "FuryExplorer: visual-interactive exploration of horse motion capture data." Visualization and Data Analysis 2015 , no. : 93970F-93970F-15.
In vertebrates ageing is characterised by reduced viscoelasticity of the ligamentous and tendineous structures and fibre changes in muscle. Also, some vertebral joint degeneration develops with ageing. The aim of this study was to apply dynamic time warping to compare the temporal characteristics of the surface electromyography (sEMG) data and to illustrate the differences in the pattern of muscle use during tasks of daily life in old and mature horses. In vivo kinematics (24 skin markers) and sEMG measurements of neck extensors and flexors were taken in five mature horses (aged 10±2 years, half of mean life expectancy) and five old horses (aged 25±5 years, older than the mean life expectancy). All horses had the same level of activity in the 12 months prior to the measurement. Tasks measured were neck flexion and neck extension as well as neutral neck position. Muscle activation, minimum and maximum muscle activation were collected. Quartiles of muscle activity based on the maximum observed activity of each muscle were calculated to document the relative increase of activity level during the task. Kinematics as well as overall muscle activity patterns were similar across horses and age groups. However, in the neutral position old horses showed increased extensor activity compared to mature horses, indicating that old equine muscle requires more activity to counteract gravity. Dynamic time warping specified optimal temporal alignments of time series, and different temporal performances were identified. The age groups differed during the flexion task, while neck extension and neutral neck position were more similar. The results of this study show that even in the second half of life and in the absence of muscle disuse the muscular strategy employed by horses continues to be adapted.
R.R. Zsoldos; Bjorn Kruger; Theresia Licka. From maturity to old age: tasks of daily life require a different muscle use in horses. Comparative Exercise Physiology 2014, 10, 75 -88.
AMA StyleR.R. Zsoldos, Bjorn Kruger, Theresia Licka. From maturity to old age: tasks of daily life require a different muscle use in horses. Comparative Exercise Physiology. 2014; 10 (2):75-88.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.R. Zsoldos; Bjorn Kruger; Theresia Licka. 2014. "From maturity to old age: tasks of daily life require a different muscle use in horses." Comparative Exercise Physiology 10, no. 2: 75-88.
Björn Krüger; Hashim Yasin; Rebeka Zsoldos; Andreas Weber. Retrieval, Recognition and Reconstruction of Quadruped Motions. Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications 2014, 356 -363.
AMA StyleBjörn Krüger, Hashim Yasin, Rebeka Zsoldos, Andreas Weber. Retrieval, Recognition and Reconstruction of Quadruped Motions. Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications. 2014; ():356-363.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBjörn Krüger; Hashim Yasin; Rebeka Zsoldos; Andreas Weber. 2014. "Retrieval, Recognition and Reconstruction of Quadruped Motions." Proceedings of the 13th International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and Computer Graphics Theory and Applications , no. : 356-363.
Laterolateral radiographs of equine necks are reported to be inaccurate in determining the site of spinal cord lesions even when a myelogram is carried out. The goal of this study was to assess constrictions present in the cervical vertebral canal at any time point throughout the extremes of movement. Sixteen equine cervical vertebral columns without history of cervical disease were used. After removal of the spinal cord, the dura mater was filled with polyurethane foam and during its plastic phase the cervical vertebral column was passively moved in flexion-extension, lateral bending and 30° rotated flexion and extension. Resulting moulded foam structures were scanned with a 3D laser scanner. Functional narrowing of the vertebral canal was located in the dorsolateral or ventrolateral regions, explaining its under-representation on laterolateral radiographs.
Ingrid Schmidburg; Heike Pagger; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Jörn Mehnen; Christian Peham; Theresia F. Licka. Movement associated reduction of spatial capacity of the equine cervical vertebral canal. The Veterinary Journal 2012, 192, 525 -528.
AMA StyleIngrid Schmidburg, Heike Pagger, Rebeka R. Zsoldos, Jörn Mehnen, Christian Peham, Theresia F. Licka. Movement associated reduction of spatial capacity of the equine cervical vertebral canal. The Veterinary Journal. 2012; 192 (3):525-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIngrid Schmidburg; Heike Pagger; Rebeka R. Zsoldos; Jörn Mehnen; Christian Peham; Theresia F. Licka. 2012. "Movement associated reduction of spatial capacity of the equine cervical vertebral canal." The Veterinary Journal 192, no. 3: 525-528.
Handball is one of the top four athletic games with highest injury risks. The jump shot is the most accomplished goal shot technique and the lower extremities are mostly injured. As a basis for ankle sprain simulation, the aim of this study was to extend the ankle region of an existing musculoskeletal full-body model through incorporation of three prominent lateral ankle ligaments: ligamentum fibulotalare anterius (LFTA), ligamentum fibulotalare posterius (LFTP), ligamentum fibulocalcaneare (LFC). The specific objective was to calculate and visualise ligament force scenarios during the jumping and landing phases of controlled jump shots. Recorded kinematic data of performed jump shots and the corresponding ground reaction forces were used to perform inverse dynamics. The calculated peak force of the LFTA (107 N) was found at maximum plantarflexion and of the LFTP (150 N) at maximum dorsiflexion. The peak force of the LFC (190 N) was observed at maximum dorsiflexion combined with maximum eversion. Within the performed jump shots, the LFTA showed a peak force (59 N to 69 N) during maximum plantarflexion in the final moment of the lift off. During landing, the force developed by the LFTA reached its peak value (61 N to 70 N) at the first contact with the floor. After that, the LFTP developed a peak force (70 N to 118 N). This model allows the calculation of forces in lateral ankle ligaments. The information obtained in this study can serve as a basis for future research on ankle sprain and ankle sprain simulation.
M. Lindner; A. Kotschwar; Rebeka Zsoldos; M. Groesel; C. Peham. The jump shot – A biomechanical analysis focused on lateral ankle ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics 2011, 45, 202 -206.
AMA StyleM. Lindner, A. Kotschwar, Rebeka Zsoldos, M. Groesel, C. Peham. The jump shot – A biomechanical analysis focused on lateral ankle ligaments. Journal of Biomechanics. 2011; 45 (1):202-206.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Lindner; A. Kotschwar; Rebeka Zsoldos; M. Groesel; C. Peham. 2011. "The jump shot – A biomechanical analysis focused on lateral ankle ligaments." Journal of Biomechanics 45, no. 1: 202-206.
Reasons for performing study: Identifying the underlying problem of equine back pain and diseases of the spine are significant problems in veterinary orthopaedics. A study to validate a preliminary biomechanical model of the equine back based on CT images including longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle is therefore important. Objectives: Validation of the back model by comparing the shortening of LD muscles in the model with integrated EMG (IEMG) at stance during induced lateral flexion of the spine. Methods: Longissimus dorsi muscle activity at stance has been used for validation. EMG electrodes were placed laterally at the level of T12, T16 and L3. Reflective markers have been attached on top of the spinous processes T5, T12, T16, L1 and the sacral bone (OS1, OS2) for motion tracking analysis. A virtual model of the equine's back (T1–S5) was built with inclusion of a simplified LD muscle by 2 separate contours left and right of the spine, starting at tuber coxae laterally and attaching to the spinous process T5 medially. Shortening of LD during induced lateral flexion caused by the kinematic data (input) was compared to the 3 EMG signals (T12, T16 and L3) on the active side via correlation. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient between IEMG and shortening length of LD in the model was (mean ± s.d.) 0.95 ± 0.07 for the left side and 0.91 ± 0.07 for the right side of LD. Conclusions: Activity of the LD muscles is mainly responsible for stabilisation of the vertebral column with isometric muscle contraction against dynamic forces in walk and trot. This validation requires muscle shortening in the back, like induced lateral flexion at stance. The length of the shortening muscle model and the IEMG show a linear relationship. These findings will help to model the LD for forward simulations, e.g. from force to motion.
M. Groesel; Rebeka Zsoldos; A. Kotschwar; M. Gfoehler; C. Peham. A preliminary model study of the equine back including activity of longissimus dorsi muscle. Equine Veterinary Journal 2010, 42, 401 -406.
AMA StyleM. Groesel, Rebeka Zsoldos, A. Kotschwar, M. Gfoehler, C. Peham. A preliminary model study of the equine back including activity of longissimus dorsi muscle. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2010; 42 (38):401-406.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Groesel; Rebeka Zsoldos; A. Kotschwar; M. Gfoehler; C. Peham. 2010. "A preliminary model study of the equine back including activity of longissimus dorsi muscle." Equine Veterinary Journal 42, no. 38: 401-406.
Reason for performing study: The motion of the atlanto-occipital, cervical vertebral and cervicothoracic joints play an important role in equestrian sports and they are also common sites for lesions limiting performance in horses. Objectives: To calculate inverse kinematics based on cervical vertebral motion and to develop a model close to the measured neck movements. Materials and methods: Measurements were recorded in 6 horses without neck pain. Reflective markers were placed on both cristae facialis, both sides of cervical vertebra 1, 3 and 6 on the withers and hooves. The neck model was reconstructed from CT scans of the osseus structures and was developed in SIMM (Software for Interactive Musculoskeletal Modelling). Inverse kinematics calculation was done in OpenSim. Three degrees of freedom: Flexion-extension (FE), axial rotation (AR) and lateral bending (LB) were considered. The simulated motion was generated from the recorded motion of the skin markers. The differences in angular range of motion (ROM) of the joints were analysed using paired sample t tests. Results: From the model, the smallest FE ROM was in the C5–C6 joint (2°± 1°) and the largest was in the C3–C4 joint (11°± 5°). The smallest AR ROM was in the C5–C6 joint (2°± 1°) and largest AR ROM was in the atlantoaxial joint (7°± 2°). The smallest LB ROM was in the C5–C6 joint (2°± 1°) and the largest LB ROM was in the cervicothoracic joint (18°± 5°). There were significant differences between the ROM of joints in 51 of 168 comparisons (P<0.05). Conclusions: The result of the motion of each joint gives an insight into the biomechanics of the equine neck. The small FE ROM at C5–C6 illustrates the pathogenetical relevance of the model for the development of osteoarthritis. The calculated data also provides a source for inverse dynamics.
Rebeka Zsoldos; M. Groesel; A. Kotschwar; Theresia Licka; C. Peham. A preliminary modelling study on the equine cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk. Equine Veterinary Journal 2010, 42, 516 -522.
AMA StyleRebeka Zsoldos, M. Groesel, A. Kotschwar, Theresia Licka, C. Peham. A preliminary modelling study on the equine cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2010; 42 (38):516-522.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRebeka Zsoldos; M. Groesel; A. Kotschwar; Theresia Licka; C. Peham. 2010. "A preliminary modelling study on the equine cervical spine with inverse kinematics at walk." Equine Veterinary Journal 42, no. 38: 516-522.