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Soybean is a valuable protein and oilseed crop ranked among the most significant of the major crops. Field experiments were carried out in 2016–2019 in South-East Poland. The influence of soybean cultivars (Aldana, Annushka), nitrogen fertilizer (0, 30, 60 kg∙ha−1 N) and inoculation with B. japonicum (control, HiStick® Soy, Nitragina) on the content of fatty acids (FA) in soybean seeds was investigated in a three-factorial experiment. This study confirms the genetic determinants of fatty acid composition in soybean seeds and their differential accumulation levels for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1n9, C18:2, C18:3, and C20:0 as well saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids. Increasing the rate from 30 to 60 kg ha−1 N did not produce the expected changes, suggesting the use of only a “starter” rate of 30 kg ha−1 N. Inoculation of soybean seeds with a strain of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (HiStick® Soy, BASF, Littlehampton, UK and Nitragina, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation–State Research Institute, Puławy, Poland) is recommended as it will cause a decrease in SFA and C16:0 acid levels. This is considered nutritionally beneficial as its contribution to total fatty acids determines the hypercholesterolemic index, and it is the third most accumulated fatty acid in soybean seeds. The interaction of cultivars and inoculation formulation on fatty acid content of soybean seeds was demonstrated. An increase in the value of C16:0 content resulted in a decrease in the accumulation of C18:1, C18:2, and C18:3 acids. The content of each decreased by almost one unit for every 1% increase in C16:0 content. The dominant effect of weather conditions on the FA profile and C18:2n6/C18:3n3 ratio was demonstrated. This suggests a need for further evaluation of the genetic progress of soybean cultivars with respect to fatty acid composition and content under varying habitat conditions.
Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Andrzej Kotecki; Marcin Kozak. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds. Agronomy 2021, 11, 941 .
AMA StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok, Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Andrzej Kotecki, Marcin Kozak. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):941.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok; Anna Wondołowska-Grabowska; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Andrzej Kotecki; Marcin Kozak. 2021. "Effect of Nitrogen Fertilisation and Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on the Fatty Acid Profile of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) Seeds." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 941.
There has been a significant increase in the development of edible films and coatings in recent times, and this is expected to have a significant impact on the quality of fruit and vegetables in the coming years. Consumers expect fresh fruit and vegetables free from pesticide residues, with high quality, nutritional value and an extended shelf life. The application of coatings and edible films to fruits and vegetables represents an environmentally friendly approach to an innovative solution to this problem. Coatings and edible films can act as ecological and biodegradable packaging. The coating strategy involves a combination of natural biopolymers and appropriate preservation methods. The article presents the applicability, trends and perspectives of polysaccharide coatings and edible films and their impact on the quality of fruit and vegetables, providing an understanding of their main functions and benefits. Numerous studies show that natural polysaccharides are well suited for use as packaging material for fresh fruit and vegetables and can often be an important alternative to synthetic compounds. Natural polymer materials are a good barrier to oxygen and carbon dioxide; however, they are characterised by excessive solubility in the water environment, water vapour permeability and low extensibility. The properties of edible coatings can be modified by the addition of plasticisers, surfactants, cross-linkers, antimicrobial agents, functional additives, nanosilver particles or fruit and vegetable residues. The use of an electric field is also a promising technology here. The use of polysaccharides for the preparation of edible films and coatings is justified not only by the possibility of reducing the consumption of packaging made of synthetic polymer materials but also by the fact that the production of some natural polymers can be made using waste products generated during the processing of food raw materials.
Anna Kocira; Katarzyna Kozłowicz; Katarzyna Panasiewicz; Mariola Staniak; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Paulina Hortyńska. Polysaccharides as Edible Films and Coatings: Characteristics and Influence on Fruit and Vegetable Quality—A Review. Agronomy 2021, 11, 813 .
AMA StyleAnna Kocira, Katarzyna Kozłowicz, Katarzyna Panasiewicz, Mariola Staniak, Ewa Szpunar-Krok, Paulina Hortyńska. Polysaccharides as Edible Films and Coatings: Characteristics and Influence on Fruit and Vegetable Quality—A Review. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (5):813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna Kocira; Katarzyna Kozłowicz; Katarzyna Panasiewicz; Mariola Staniak; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Paulina Hortyńska. 2021. "Polysaccharides as Edible Films and Coatings: Characteristics and Influence on Fruit and Vegetable Quality—A Review." Agronomy 11, no. 5: 813.
The appropriate row spacing and sowing density of soybeans are the basic non-input and pro-environmental agrotechnical factors. The optimal spacing of plants in the field can be crucial in terms of reducing competition between plants for water, nutrients and light, which is particularly important for photosynthesis and maximizes the use of environmental resources. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2017–2019 at the Experimental Station for Cultivar Assessment in Przecław, Poland, on Merlin cv. soybean plants. The experimental factors were: row spacing of 15 and 30 cm and the sowing density of 70, 90 and 110 pcs. m−2. During the research, the influence of row spacing and sowing density on yielding, seed quality, plant morphological features, nodulation and physiological processes in plants was assessed. The obtained soybean seed yield was not influenced by the experimental factors, but only by the weather conditions prevailing in the research years. The smaller row spacing and sowing density of 15/70 and 30/70 resulted in an increase in the parameters of the yield structure, the number and dry weight of root nodules, as well as the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm, Fv/F0 and PI). Greater plant density per area unit resulted in low yield structure parameters, lower number and dry weight of nodules, poorer parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence and higher protein content in seeds. With the increased sowing density, the plants were higher, the 1st. pod was placed higher and an LAI value was also higher.
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Jan Buczek; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Renata Tobiasz-Salach; Wacław Jarecki. Morphophysiology, Productivity and Quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Merlin in Response to Row Spacing and Seeding Systems. Agronomy 2021, 11, 403 .
AMA StyleMarta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Jan Buczek, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Ewa Szpunar-Krok, Renata Tobiasz-Salach, Wacław Jarecki. Morphophysiology, Productivity and Quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Merlin in Response to Row Spacing and Seeding Systems. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (2):403.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Jan Buczek; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Renata Tobiasz-Salach; Wacław Jarecki. 2021. "Morphophysiology, Productivity and Quality of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cv. Merlin in Response to Row Spacing and Seeding Systems." Agronomy 11, no. 2: 403.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of foliar fertilization on the morphological and mechanical properties of pea seeds (Pisum sativum L.) and to determine the dependences between the morphological features and chemical composition of pea seeds and their susceptibility to mechanical damage. Field experimentation was carried out in 2015–2017 (south-eastern Poland, 49°59′ N, 21°57′ E). Micronutrient conventional fertilization (N1) and organic fertilizer (N2) were tested on eight pea cultivars. The mechanical parameters assessed included compression force (FD), relative deformation (DR), and energy (ED). Application of foliar fertilizer increased the strength of seeds and their ability to resist mechanical damage under quasi-static loads. The seeds of plants fertilized with N1 were more resistant to mechanical damage than the seeds of plants fertilized with N2. Seeds with larger dimensions, mass, density, and a more spherical shape were damaged under the action of less force and energy, and they deformed less. Seeds with higher protein, fat, ash, and K content and lower NFE, Fe, Zn, and Cu content were more resistant to mechanical damage. The mathematical models created provide knowledge about the impact of foliar fertilizer on the mechanical properties of seeds.
Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Piotr Kuźniar; Renata Pawlak; Dagmara Migut. The Effect of Foliar Fertilization on the Resistance of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds to Mechanical Damage. Agronomy 2021, 11, 189 .
AMA StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok, Piotr Kuźniar, Renata Pawlak, Dagmara Migut. The Effect of Foliar Fertilization on the Resistance of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds to Mechanical Damage. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (1):189.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok; Piotr Kuźniar; Renata Pawlak; Dagmara Migut. 2021. "The Effect of Foliar Fertilization on the Resistance of Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Seeds to Mechanical Damage." Agronomy 11, no. 1: 189.
We investigated the changes in the physiological and biochemical properties of potato plants exposed to differing ozone (O3) concentrations (5 ppm, 10 ppm) and exposure times (2, 4, 8, 12, 16 min) to determine the safe dose that could be used in crop protection programs. We measured the gas exchange, relative chlorophyll content, chlorophyll fluorescence and total antioxidant capacity in potato leaves exposed to O3 fumigation. The fresh weight (FW) of the aboveground part of the plants and a visual assessment of plant condition were determined after the end of the experiment. The plants were given two O3 treatments and measurements were carried out four times: on the 1st and 7th day after treatment. We conclude that O3 exposure time had a greater impact on the reduction in the efficiency of the potato photosynthetic apparatus than O3 concentration. Research has showed that O3 in 5 ppm concentration for 2 and 4 min and 10 ppm for 2 min increased the efficiency of the photosynthesis and antioxidant activity in leaf processes, and these doses could be taken into account in further research on the potential for using O3 in potato protection.
Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Dagmara Migut; Karol Skrobacz; Tomasz Piechowiak; Renata Pawlak; Maciej Balawejder. Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress. Agronomy 2020, 10, 1745 .
AMA StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok, Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Dagmara Migut, Karol Skrobacz, Tomasz Piechowiak, Renata Pawlak, Maciej Balawejder. Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (11):1745.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Dagmara Migut; Karol Skrobacz; Tomasz Piechowiak; Renata Pawlak; Maciej Balawejder. 2020. "Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Response to Ozone-Induced Oxidative Stress." Agronomy 10, no. 11: 1745.
The study assessed the quality parameters of grain and flour, the rheological properties of dough and the quality of bread prepared from flour of hybrid cultivars of wheat in comparison with population cultivars of wheat. As the interest in wheat hybrids cultivars from the agricultural and milling industry is growing, their technological value of grain and flour was evaluated at two levels of nitrogen fertilisation (N1—110 kg/ha, N2—150 kg/ha). Increasing the fertilisation (N2) produced a significant influence on the crude protein and gluten content in the flour, as well as the moisture of the crumb and the yield of the dough without impacting other rheological traits and parameters of bread baking process. The performed principal component analysis (PCA) allowed for identification of the best cultivars among the studied wheat cultivars (Hybery and Hyvento). The hybrid cultivar Hyvento was characterised by favourable qualitative traits of the grain (vitreousness, crude protein content) and rheological parameters of the dough (bread volume), however, it had lower baking quality parameters. Among the hybrid cultivars, the best applicability for baking purposes was Hybery due to the favourable values of the baking process parameters and bread quality (bread yield, bread volume, Dallmann porosity index of crumb). Hybrid cultivars of wheat can therefore be used for the production of bread and be an alternative in agricultural production for population cultivars, which will contribute to filling the knowledge gap for the hybrid wheat cultivars.
Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Jan Buczek; Joanna Kaszuba; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Grażyna Jaworska. A Comparative Assessment of the Baking Quality of Hybrid and Population Wheat Cultivars. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 7104 .
AMA StyleMarta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Jan Buczek, Joanna Kaszuba, Ewa Szpunar-Krok, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Grażyna Jaworska. A Comparative Assessment of the Baking Quality of Hybrid and Population Wheat Cultivars. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (20):7104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Jan Buczek; Joanna Kaszuba; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Grażyna Jaworska. 2020. "A Comparative Assessment of the Baking Quality of Hybrid and Population Wheat Cultivars." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20: 7104.
The biocidal properties of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) could be used in plant protection. However, the effects of H2O2 foliar spraying on the performance of the potato photosynthetic apparatus are still unclear. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of foliar spraying, which was done twice, with various H2O2 concentrations (1, 3, 6, 12, and 18%) on the potato photosynthetic apparatus efficiency and antioxidant capacity. The measurements were taken four times: on the first and seventh day after each application. Foliar spraying with 1% H2O2 concentration was the most stimulating for the course of physiological processes in leaves. Further increased doses of H2O2 enhanced stress in plants which is manifested by a decrease in pigment levels, photosynthetic attributes, antioxidant capacity in leaves, and fresh mass above-ground parts of potato plants. The intensive effect of spraying was particularly observed on the first day after application, while later, the activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant capacity increased. The study provides information that foliar spraying with 1% H2O2 can be taken into account in further research on the development of a potato plant protection methods.
Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Karol Skrobacz; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Maciej Balawejder. Response of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Plants to Spraying by Hydrogen Peroxide. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2469 .
AMA StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok, Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek, Karol Skrobacz, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Maciej Balawejder. Response of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Plants to Spraying by Hydrogen Peroxide. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok; Marta Jańczak-Pieniążek; Karol Skrobacz; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Maciej Balawejder. 2020. "Response of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Plants to Spraying by Hydrogen Peroxide." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2469.
The field trials were conducted over the period 2012–2013 at Krasne near Rzeszów (50°03’N; 22°06’E). The occurrence of diseases caused by fungi on the aboveground parts of energy crops was investigated. In both years of the observations the following diseases were recorded: powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoreacerum) on Helianthus tuberosus (leaves and shoots), gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) on Helianthus tuberosus and Sylphium perfoliatum (leaves), Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on Sida hermaphrodita (shoots). Leaf spots were observed on Miscanthus giganteus, Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium spp., Stagonospora tainaenensis) and on Sida hermaphrodita (Phoma sp.). The highest mean intensity of powdery mildew was found on H. tuberosus (leaves), leaf spots on S. hermaphrodita (leaves) and sclerotinia rot on S. hermaphrodita (shoots). The intensity of diseases depended on weather conditions and plant species. W latach 2012–2013 badano występowanie chorób powodowanych przez grzyby na nadziemnych częściach roślin energetycznych uprawianych w Krasnem koło Rzeszowa (50°03’N; 22°06’E). W obu latach badań wystąpiły: mączniak prawdziwy (Erysiphe cichoreacerum) na roślinach Helianthus tuberosus (liście i pędy), szara pleśń (Botrytis cinerea) na Helianthus tuberosus i Sylphium perfoliatum (liście), zgnilizna twardzikowa (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) na Sida hermaphrodita (pędy), a plamistość liści notowano na Miscanthus giganteus i Miscanthus sacchariflorus (Alternaria alternata, Helminthosporium spp., Stagonospora tainaenensis) oraz na Sida hermaphrodita (Phoma sp.). Stwierdzono największe średnie nasilenie mączniaka prawdziwego na H. tuberosus (liście), plamistości liści na S. hermaphrodita (liście) i zgnilizny twardzikowej na S. hermaphrodita (pędy). Intensywność nasilenia chorób zależała od warunków pogodowych i gatunku rośliny.
Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Ewa Stompor-Chrzan; Sabina Grochowska; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. Evaluation of the health of energetic crops in Podkarpacie region. Progress in Plant Protection 2017, 57, 196 -200.
AMA StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok, Ewa Stompor-Chrzan, Sabina Grochowska, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. Evaluation of the health of energetic crops in Podkarpacie region. Progress in Plant Protection. 2017; 57 (3):196-200.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEwa Szpunar-Krok; Ewa Stompor-Chrzan; Sabina Grochowska; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. 2017. "Evaluation of the health of energetic crops in Podkarpacie region." Progress in Plant Protection 57, no. 3: 196-200.
Piotr Kuźniar; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Pavol Findura; Jan Buczek; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. Physical and chemical properties of soybean seeds determine their susceptibility to mechanical damage. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 2016, 103, 183 -192.
AMA StylePiotr Kuźniar, Ewa Szpunar-Krok, Pavol Findura, Jan Buczek, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. Physical and chemical properties of soybean seeds determine their susceptibility to mechanical damage. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture. 2016; 103 (2):183-192.
Chicago/Turabian StylePiotr Kuźniar; Ewa Szpunar-Krok; Pavol Findura; Jan Buczek; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro. 2016. "Physical and chemical properties of soybean seeds determine their susceptibility to mechanical damage." Zemdirbyste-Agriculture 103, no. 2: 183-192.
Renata Tobiasz-Salach; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Jan Buczek; Ewa Szpunar-Krok. RESPONSE OF HULLED AND HULL-LE SS OATS TO THE ACTION OF GROWTH REGULATORS. Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality 2010, 1 .
AMA StyleRenata Tobiasz-Salach, Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro, Jan Buczek, Ewa Szpunar-Krok. RESPONSE OF HULLED AND HULL-LE SS OATS TO THE ACTION OF GROWTH REGULATORS. Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality. 2010; (70):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRenata Tobiasz-Salach; Dorota Bobrecka-Jamro; Jan Buczek; Ewa Szpunar-Krok. 2010. "RESPONSE OF HULLED AND HULL-LE SS OATS TO THE ACTION OF GROWTH REGULATORS." Zywnosc.Nauka.Technologia.Jakosc/Food.Science.Technology.Quality , no. 70: 1.