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Metals are widely used in animal feed for their growth-stimulating and antimicrobial effects, yet their use may potentially promote the proliferation of antibiotic resistance through co-selection. We studied the prevalence and associations of metal, antibiotic, and disinfectant resistances of 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from pig meat, pig manure, chicken meat, poultry manure, and human stool from Sichuan, China. Seventy four percent of the 300 Salmonella Typhimurium isolates were considered resistant to Cu, almost 50% to Zn and Cr, over 25% to Mn and Cd, and almost 10% to Co. Most of the isolates carried at least one heavy metal resistance gene (HMRG). The Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD was carried by 254 isolates and the Cu-resistance genes pcoR and pcoC by 196 and 179 isolates, respectively. Most of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and almost 80% were multidrug-resistant. The prevalence of resistance to six antibiotics was higher among the pig meat and manure isolates than among other isolates, and that of streptomycin and ampicillin were highest among the pig meat isolates and that of ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin among the pig manure isolates. From 55 to 79% of the isolates were considered resistant to disinfectants triclosan, trichloroisocyanuric acid, or benzalkonium chloride. The metal resistances and HMRGs were associated with resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants. Especially, Cu-resistance genes were associated with resistance to several antibiotics and disinfectants. The transfer of the Cr-Zn-Cd-resistance gene czcD, Cu-resistance gene pcoC, and Co-Ni-resistance gene cnrA into Escherichia coli and the increased Cu-resistance of the transconjugants implied that the resistance genes were located on conjugative plasmids. Thus, the excessive use of metals and disinfectants as feed additives and in animal care may have the potential to promote antibiotic resistance through co-selection and maintain and promote antibiotic resistance even in the absence of antibiotics.
Ghulam Raza Mustafa; Ke Zhao; Xueping He; Shujuan Chen; Shuliang Liu; Ahsan Mustafa; Li He; Yong Yang; Xiumei Yu; Petri Penttinen; Xiaolin Ao; Aiping Liu; Muhammad Zubair Shabbir; Xuebin Xu; Likou Zou. Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance. Frontiers in Microbiology 2021, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleGhulam Raza Mustafa, Ke Zhao, Xueping He, Shujuan Chen, Shuliang Liu, Ahsan Mustafa, Li He, Yong Yang, Xiumei Yu, Petri Penttinen, Xiaolin Ao, Aiping Liu, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Xuebin Xu, Likou Zou. Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2021; 12 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhulam Raza Mustafa; Ke Zhao; Xueping He; Shujuan Chen; Shuliang Liu; Ahsan Mustafa; Li He; Yong Yang; Xiumei Yu; Petri Penttinen; Xiaolin Ao; Aiping Liu; Muhammad Zubair Shabbir; Xuebin Xu; Likou Zou. 2021. "Heavy Metal Resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and Its Association With Disinfectant and Antibiotic Resistance." Frontiers in Microbiology 12, no. : 1.
Complex microbiomes of pit mud (PM) play significant roles in imbuing flavors and qualities of Chinese strong-flavor liquor (CSFL) during fermentation. However, understanding both of the taxonomic and functional diversity of the whole microorganisms in PM still remain a major challenge. Here, PM microbiomes were investigated based on metagenomic sequencing, assembly and binning. Metagenomic data revealed that Euryarchaeota was the predominant phylum, followed by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria. For further functional exploration, 703 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), including 304 novel strains, 197 novel species, and 94 novel genera were reconstructed. Three primary groups of Firmicutes (n = 406), Euryarchaeota (n = 130) and Bacteroidetes (n = 74), particularly genus of them Syntrophomonas, Thermacetogenium and Clostridium, methanogens (Methanobacterium, Methanoculleus, and Methanosarcina), Proteiniphilum and Prevotella, contained most of metabolic potential genes. Additionally, Chloroflexi was firstly reported to have potential to be involved in the caproic acid (CA) production. Bacteroidetes could be the key phylum to synthesize terpenes, and Armatimonadetes, Firmicutes, Ignavibacteriae and Verrucomicrobia may possess the same metabolic potential as well. Overall, this study will significantly improve our understanding of the diverse PM microbiome and help guide the future exploration of microbial resources for modifying PM fermentation processes.
Jingxia Fu; Li Chen; Shengzhi Yang; Yuzhu Li; Lei Jin; Xueping He; Li He; Xiaoling Ao; Shuliang Liu; Aiping Liu; Yong Yang; Bingcun Ma; Xuewen Cui; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou. Metagenome and analysis of metabolic potential of the microbial community in pit mud used for Chinese strong-flavor liquor production. Food Research International 2021, 143, 110294 .
AMA StyleJingxia Fu, Li Chen, Shengzhi Yang, Yuzhu Li, Lei Jin, Xueping He, Li He, Xiaoling Ao, Shuliang Liu, Aiping Liu, Yong Yang, Bingcun Ma, Xuewen Cui, Shujuan Chen, Likou Zou. Metagenome and analysis of metabolic potential of the microbial community in pit mud used for Chinese strong-flavor liquor production. Food Research International. 2021; 143 ():110294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingxia Fu; Li Chen; Shengzhi Yang; Yuzhu Li; Lei Jin; Xueping He; Li He; Xiaoling Ao; Shuliang Liu; Aiping Liu; Yong Yang; Bingcun Ma; Xuewen Cui; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou. 2021. "Metagenome and analysis of metabolic potential of the microbial community in pit mud used for Chinese strong-flavor liquor production." Food Research International 143, no. : 110294.
The giant panda (GP) is the most precious animal in China. Gastrointestinal tract disease, especially associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota, is the leading cause of death in GPs. Here, we performed 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing to investigate the gut microbiota of GPs having symptoms of anorexia. Results showed that gut microbiota of GP with anorexia had lower richness (Chao1 index) than the healthy GP. However, no significant differences in alpha diversity were observed. There is a significance in the microbial structure between anorexia and healthy GPs. The abundance of phylum Firmicutes (99.23% ± 7.1%), unidentified genus Clostridiales (24.75% ± 2.5%), was significantly higher in the subadult anorexia group (P < 0.01), and that of the unidentified genus Clostridiales (4.53% ± 1.2%) was also significantly higher in the adult anorexia group (P < 0.01). Weissella and Streptococcus were found to be decreased in both anorexia groups. The decreased abundance of Weissella (0.02% ± 0.0%, 0.08% ± 0.0%) and Streptococcus (73.89% ± 4.3%, 91.15% ± 7.6%) and increase in Clostridium may cause symptoms of anorexia in giant pandas. The correlation analysis indicated that there is a symbiotic relationship among Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Weissella, and Bacillus which are classified as probiotics (r > 0.6, P < 0.05). Importantly, a negative correlation has been found between Streptococcus and unidentified_Clostridium in two groups (r > 0.6, P < 0.05). Our results suggested that Streptococcus might be used as probiotics to control the growth of Clostridium causing the anorexia.
Siyue Zhao; Caiwu Li; Tao Zhu; Lei Jin; Wenwen Deng; Ke Zhao; Yongguo He; Guo Li; Yaowu Xiong; Ti Li; Bei Li; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. Diversity and Composition of Gut Bacterial Community in Giant Panda with Anorexia. Current Microbiology 2021, 78, 1358 -1366.
AMA StyleSiyue Zhao, Caiwu Li, Tao Zhu, Lei Jin, Wenwen Deng, Ke Zhao, Yongguo He, Guo Li, Yaowu Xiong, Ti Li, Bei Li, Yan Huang, Hemin Zhang, Likou Zou. Diversity and Composition of Gut Bacterial Community in Giant Panda with Anorexia. Current Microbiology. 2021; 78 (4):1358-1366.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiyue Zhao; Caiwu Li; Tao Zhu; Lei Jin; Wenwen Deng; Ke Zhao; Yongguo He; Guo Li; Yaowu Xiong; Ti Li; Bei Li; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. 2021. "Diversity and Composition of Gut Bacterial Community in Giant Panda with Anorexia." Current Microbiology 78, no. 4: 1358-1366.
Gut microbiota (GM) are important for the health of giant pandas (GPs), in addition to the utilization of bamboo in their diets. However, it is not fully understood how diet, habitat environment and lifestyle contribute to the composition of GM in GP. Consequently, we evaluated how dietary changes, habitat environment conversions and lifestyle shifts influence the GM of GPs using high-throughput sequencing and genome-resolved metagenomics. The GM of GPs were more similar when their hosts exhibited the same diet. High fiber diets significantly increased the diversity and decreased the richness of gut bacterial communities alone or interacted with the age factor (p < 0.05). The abundances of Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Acinetobacter, and Clostridium significantly increased during diet conversion process (Non-parametric factorial Kruskal-Wallis sum-rank test, LDA > 4). Reconstruction of 60 metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs) indicated that these bacteria were likely responsible for bamboo digestion via gene complements involved in cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin degradation. While habitat environment may play a more important role in shaping the GM of GP, lifestyle can also greatly affect bacterial communities. The GM structure in reintroduced GPs notably converged to that of wild pandas. Importantly, the main bacterial genera of wild GPs could aid in lignin degradation, while those of reintroduced GPs were related to cellulose and hemicellulose digestion. Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterococcus, Lactococcus, Acinetobacter, and Clostridium may contribute to lignocellulose digestion in GP. The results revealed that diet conversion, habitat environment and lifestyle could remarkably influence the GM of GP. In addition, results suggested that increasing the ability of lignin degradation with GM may aid to change the GM of reintroduced pandas to resemble those of wild pandas.
Lei Jin; Yan Huang; Shengzhi Yang; Daifu Wu; Caiwu Li; Wenwen Deng; Ke Zhao; Yongguo He; Bei Li; Guiquan Zhang; Yaowu Xiong; Rongping Wei; Guo Li; Hongning Wu; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. Diet, habitat environment and lifestyle conversion affect the gut microbiomes of giant pandas. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 770, 145316 .
AMA StyleLei Jin, Yan Huang, Shengzhi Yang, Daifu Wu, Caiwu Li, Wenwen Deng, Ke Zhao, Yongguo He, Bei Li, Guiquan Zhang, Yaowu Xiong, Rongping Wei, Guo Li, Hongning Wu, Hemin Zhang, Likou Zou. Diet, habitat environment and lifestyle conversion affect the gut microbiomes of giant pandas. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 770 ():145316.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Jin; Yan Huang; Shengzhi Yang; Daifu Wu; Caiwu Li; Wenwen Deng; Ke Zhao; Yongguo He; Bei Li; Guiquan Zhang; Yaowu Xiong; Rongping Wei; Guo Li; Hongning Wu; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. 2021. "Diet, habitat environment and lifestyle conversion affect the gut microbiomes of giant pandas." Science of The Total Environment 770, no. : 145316.
Little is comprehensively known or understood about giant panda fecal and serum metabolites, which could serve as important indicators of the physiological metabolism of giant pandas. Therefore, we determined the contents of fecal and serum metabolites of giant pandas based on an untargeted metabolome. Four hundred and 955 metabolites were detected in the feces and serum of giant panda, respectively. Glycerophospholipid and choline metabolism were the main metabolic pathways in feces and serum. A significant correlation between the gut microbiota and fecal metabolites was found (P < 0.01). Fecal metabolites were not greatly affected by the age or gender of giant pandas, but serum metabolites were significantly affected by age and gender. The majority of different metabolites caused by age were higher in serum of younger giant pandas, including fatty acids, lipids, metabolites of bile acids, and intermediate products of vitamin D3. The majority of different metabolites caused by gender included fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE). A separate feeding diet should be considered according to different ages and genders of giant panda. Therefore, our results could provide helpful suggestions to further protect captive giant pandas.
Shengzhi Yang; Yan Huang; Caiwu Li; Lei Jin; Wenwen Deng; Siyue Zhao; Daifu Wu; Yongguo He; Bei Li; Zhongliang Yu; Ti Li; Zhizhong Zhang; Xin Pan; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. The Fecal and Serum Metabolomics of Giant Pandas Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Zoological Science 2021, 38, 179 -186.
AMA StyleShengzhi Yang, Yan Huang, Caiwu Li, Lei Jin, Wenwen Deng, Siyue Zhao, Daifu Wu, Yongguo He, Bei Li, Zhongliang Yu, Ti Li, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin Pan, Hemin Zhang, Likou Zou. The Fecal and Serum Metabolomics of Giant Pandas Based on Untargeted Metabolomics. Zoological Science. 2021; 38 (2):179-186.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengzhi Yang; Yan Huang; Caiwu Li; Lei Jin; Wenwen Deng; Siyue Zhao; Daifu Wu; Yongguo He; Bei Li; Zhongliang Yu; Ti Li; Zhizhong Zhang; Xin Pan; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. 2021. "The Fecal and Serum Metabolomics of Giant Pandas Based on Untargeted Metabolomics." Zoological Science 38, no. 2: 179-186.
Background The gut microbiome is essential for the host’s health and serves as an essential reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). We investigated the effects of different factors, including the dietary shifts and age, on the functional characteristics of the giant panda’s gut microbiome (GPs) through shotgun metagenome sequencing. We explored the association between gut bacterial genera and ARGs within the gut based on network analysis. Results Fecal samples (n=60) from captive juvenile, adult, and geriatric GPs were processed, and variations were identified in the gut microbiome according to different ages, the abundance of novel ARGs and the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Among 667 ARGs identified, nine from the top ten ARGs had a higher abundance in juveniles. For 102 ARGs against bacteria, a co-occurrence pattern revealed a positive association for predominant ARGs with Streptococcus. A comparative KEGG pathways analysis revealed an abundant biosynthesis of antibiotics among three different groups of GPs, where it was more significantly observed in the juvenile group. A co-occurrence pattern further revealed a positive association for the top ten ARGs, biosynthesis of antibiotics, and metabolic pathways. Conclusion Gut of GPs serve as a reservoir for novel ARGs and biosynthesis of antibiotics. Dietary changes and age may influence the gut microbiome’s functional characteristics; however, it needs further studies to ascertain the study outcomes.
Ghulam Raza Mustafa; Caiwu Li; Siyue Zhao; Lei Jin; Xueping He; Muhammad Zubair Shabbir; Yongguo He; Ti Li; Wenwen Deng; Lin Xu; Yaowu Xiong; Guiquan Zhang; Hemin Zhang; Yan Huang; Likou Zou. Metagenomic analysis revealed a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and biosynthesis of antibiotics in the gut of giant pandas. BMC Microbiology 2021, 21, 1 -18.
AMA StyleGhulam Raza Mustafa, Caiwu Li, Siyue Zhao, Lei Jin, Xueping He, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Yongguo He, Ti Li, Wenwen Deng, Lin Xu, Yaowu Xiong, Guiquan Zhang, Hemin Zhang, Yan Huang, Likou Zou. Metagenomic analysis revealed a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and biosynthesis of antibiotics in the gut of giant pandas. BMC Microbiology. 2021; 21 (1):1-18.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhulam Raza Mustafa; Caiwu Li; Siyue Zhao; Lei Jin; Xueping He; Muhammad Zubair Shabbir; Yongguo He; Ti Li; Wenwen Deng; Lin Xu; Yaowu Xiong; Guiquan Zhang; Hemin Zhang; Yan Huang; Likou Zou. 2021. "Metagenomic analysis revealed a wide distribution of antibiotic resistance genes and biosynthesis of antibiotics in the gut of giant pandas." BMC Microbiology 21, no. 1: 1-18.
“Yibin Baijiu” (YB) is a special Chinese strong-aroma Baijiu (CSAB) that originated in Yibin, a city in western China. YB is fermented in cellars lined with pit mud (PM), the microbiota in which may affect YB quality. In this study, high throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was used to demonstrate the bacterial community structure and diversity in PM of YB. In addition, the physicochemical characteristics of PM were also analyzed, including moisture content, pH, and available phosphorous, ammonia nitrogen, and humic acid levels. Results showed that Firmicutes was the dominant phylum in all PM samples with abundance > 70.0%, followed by Euryarchaeota (11.3%), Bacteroidetes (6.5%), Synergistetes (3.0%), Actinobacteria (1.4%), and Proteobacteria (1.2%). Furthermore, 14 different genera with average relative abundance of > 1% were detected. The Chao1 and Shannon indexes did not vary significantly between the sub-layer and middle-layer PM (P > 0.05). However, Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis showed that the relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the sub-layer PM was significantly higher than in middle-layer PM. pH differed significantly (P < 0.05) between the two groups. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacterial community in PM correlated significantly with available phosphorous content and pH. Our study provides basic data for further elucidating the diversity of microbiota in the PM of YB and the potential mechanism of Baijiu production.
Li Chen; Yuzhu Li; Lei Jin; Li He; Xiaolin Ao; Shuliang Liu; Yong Yang; Aiping Liu; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou. Analyzing bacterial community in pit mud of Yibin Baijiu in China using high throughput sequencing. PeerJ 2020, 8, e9122 .
AMA StyleLi Chen, Yuzhu Li, Lei Jin, Li He, Xiaolin Ao, Shuliang Liu, Yong Yang, Aiping Liu, Shujuan Chen, Likou Zou. Analyzing bacterial community in pit mud of Yibin Baijiu in China using high throughput sequencing. PeerJ. 2020; 8 ():e9122.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi Chen; Yuzhu Li; Lei Jin; Li He; Xiaolin Ao; Shuliang Liu; Yong Yang; Aiping Liu; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou. 2020. "Analyzing bacterial community in pit mud of Yibin Baijiu in China using high throughput sequencing." PeerJ 8, no. : e9122.
To investigate the relationship between the bamboo including its nutrients and microbiome, and gut microbiome of giant panda, different bamboo species were provided for feeding the giant pandas. Nutrients of bamboo were examined, and the bamboo microbiome and gut microbiome of giant panda were investigated using high throughput sequencing. The results revealed that the composition of gut microbiome in giant panda varied among groups with different bamboo diet. Except for fat and hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, carbohydrate, protein, flavone and tannin were significantly different between different bamboo species (p < 0.05). PCoA showed that the composition of bamboo microbiome varied by different species. Significant differences in richness and diversity of bacteria were observed between different bamboo (p < 0.05), as well as the abundance of the main bacteria and fungi at phylum and genus level (Kruskal-Wallis, LDA > 4). Interestingly, the content of lignin and cellulose in bamboo was positively associated with the relative abundance of Streptococcus and Clostridium in gut of giant panda, respectively (p < 0.05). The diversity of bamboo bacteria was positively correlated with that of gut bacteria in giant panda (p < 0.05). Significant associations of certain bacteria and fungi between bamboo and gut of giant panda (p < 0.05) were found. 36 bacterial and 54 fungal genera were both shared between bamboo and the gut of giant panda in all groups. Our results demonstrated that the gut microbial community varied between giant pandas fed on different bamboo species revealing that bamboo nutrients and microbiome affect gut microbiome of giant panda. Our findings contributed to the deeper understanding of dietary or environmental impact on gut microbiome of giant panda.
Lei Jin; Daifu Wu; Caiwu Li; Anyun Zhang; Yaowu Xiong; Rongping Wei; Guiquan Zhang; Shengzhi Yang; Wenwen Deng; Ti Li; Bei Li; Xin Pan; Zhizhong Zhang; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Yongguo He; Likou Zou. Bamboo nutrients and microbiome affect gut microbiome of giant panda. Symbiosis 2020, 80, 293 -304.
AMA StyleLei Jin, Daifu Wu, Caiwu Li, Anyun Zhang, Yaowu Xiong, Rongping Wei, Guiquan Zhang, Shengzhi Yang, Wenwen Deng, Ti Li, Bei Li, Xin Pan, Zhizhong Zhang, Yan Huang, Hemin Zhang, Yongguo He, Likou Zou. Bamboo nutrients and microbiome affect gut microbiome of giant panda. Symbiosis. 2020; 80 (3):293-304.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Jin; Daifu Wu; Caiwu Li; Anyun Zhang; Yaowu Xiong; Rongping Wei; Guiquan Zhang; Shengzhi Yang; Wenwen Deng; Ti Li; Bei Li; Xin Pan; Zhizhong Zhang; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Yongguo He; Likou Zou. 2020. "Bamboo nutrients and microbiome affect gut microbiome of giant panda." Symbiosis 80, no. 3: 293-304.
With the wide use of heavy metals as feed additives in animal production, little attention has been paid to heavy metal resistance in pathogenic bacteria. This study was performed to investigate the presence of heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and its correlation with disinfectant resistance genes (DRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). HMRGs of 178 E. coli and 294 Salmonella isolated from chicken broiler farms and retail meat were detected by PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of heavy metals were determined by the broth microdilution method. The complete genome of E. coli E308, which had indications of multidrug resistance, was recovered and assembled using third-generation sequencing. The frequency of different HMRGs in E. coli and Salmonella ranged from 0.60–77.0% and 0.30–87.1%, respectively. MICs of heavy metals for E. coli and Salmonella ranged widely from ≤12.5 mg/L to 1600 mg/L. Moreover, HMRGs (zntA, arsB, merA, pcoR, pcoA, pcoC and chrA) were found to be significantly associated with one or more DRGs [sugE(c), emrE, mdfA, ydgE/ydgF, qacF, sugE(p) and qacEΔ1] and ARGs (sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetC, blaTEM, blaSHV and blaCTX) (P < 0.05). This study demonstrated that HMRGs are widely present in E. coli and Salmonella isolated from chicken farms and retail meat. The association between HMRGs with DRGs and ARGs may lead to co-resistance to heavy metals and other antimicrobial agents.
Shengzhi Yang; Wenwen Deng; Shuliang Liu; Xiumei Yu; Ghulam Raza Mustafa; Shujuan Chen; Li He; Xiaolin Ao; Yong Yang; Kang Zhou; Bei Li; Xinfeng Han; Xuebin Xu; Likou Zou. Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 2020, 21, 420 -426.
AMA StyleShengzhi Yang, Wenwen Deng, Shuliang Liu, Xiumei Yu, Ghulam Raza Mustafa, Shujuan Chen, Li He, Xiaolin Ao, Yong Yang, Kang Zhou, Bei Li, Xinfeng Han, Xuebin Xu, Likou Zou. Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308. Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance. 2020; 21 ():420-426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengzhi Yang; Wenwen Deng; Shuliang Liu; Xiumei Yu; Ghulam Raza Mustafa; Shujuan Chen; Li He; Xiaolin Ao; Yong Yang; Kang Zhou; Bei Li; Xinfeng Han; Xuebin Xu; Likou Zou. 2020. "Presence of heavy metal resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolates and analysis of resistance gene structure in E. coli E308." Journal of Global Antimicrobial Resistance 21, no. : 420-426.
Differences in the concentration of metabolites in the biofluids of animals closely reflect their physiological diversities. In order to set the basis for a metabolomic atlas for giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), we characterized the metabolome of healthy giant panda feces (23), urine (16), serum (6) and saliva (4) samples by means of 1H-NMR. A total of 107 metabolites and a core metabolome of 12 metabolites was quantified across the four biological matrices. By means of a two steps protocol based on univariate and robust principal component analysis, we were able to describe how the molecular profile observed in giant panda urine and feces was affected by gender and age. Among the molecules modified by age in feces, fucose plays a peculiar role, because related to the digestion of bamboo’s hemicellulose, thought to be the main source of energy of giant panda. A metagenomic investigation directed towards this molecule showed that its concentration was indeed positively related to the two-component systems pathway and negatively related to the amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism pathway. Such work is meant to provide a robust framework for further -omics researches on giant panda to accelerate our understanding of the interaction of giant panda with its natural environment.
Chenglin Zhu; Luca Laghi; Zhizhong Zhang; Yongguo He; Daifu Wu; Hemin Zhang; Yan Huang; Caiwu Li; Likou Zou. First Steps toward the Giant Panda Metabolome Database: Untargeted Metabolomics of Feces, Urine, Serum, and Saliva by 1H NMR. Journal of Proteome Research 2020, 19, 1052 -1059.
AMA StyleChenglin Zhu, Luca Laghi, Zhizhong Zhang, Yongguo He, Daifu Wu, Hemin Zhang, Yan Huang, Caiwu Li, Likou Zou. First Steps toward the Giant Panda Metabolome Database: Untargeted Metabolomics of Feces, Urine, Serum, and Saliva by 1H NMR. Journal of Proteome Research. 2020; 19 (3):1052-1059.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChenglin Zhu; Luca Laghi; Zhizhong Zhang; Yongguo He; Daifu Wu; Hemin Zhang; Yan Huang; Caiwu Li; Likou Zou. 2020. "First Steps toward the Giant Panda Metabolome Database: Untargeted Metabolomics of Feces, Urine, Serum, and Saliva by 1H NMR." Journal of Proteome Research 19, no. 3: 1052-1059.
Succession of bacterial communities involved in the composting process of chicken manure, including first composting (FC), second composting (SC) and fertilizer product (Pd) and fertilized soil (FS), and their associations with nutrients, heavy metals, antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were investigated. Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria were the dominant phyla observed during composting. Overall, potential pathogenic bacteria decreased from 37.18% (FC) to 3.43% (Pd) and potential probiotic taxa increased from 5.77% (FC) to 7.12% (Pd). Concentrations of heavy metals increased after second composting (SC), however, no significant differences were observed between FS and CS groups. Alpha diversities of bacterial communities showed significant correlation with heavy metals and nutrients. All investigated antibiotics decreased significantly after the composting process. The certain antibiotics, heavy metals, or nutrients was significantly positive correlated with the abundance of ARGs, highlighting that they can directly or indirectly influence persistence of ARGs. Overall, results indicated that the composting process is effective for reducing potential pathogenic bacteria, antibiotics and ARGs. The application of compost lead to a decrease in pathogens and ARGs, as well as an increase in potentially beneficial taxa and nutrients in soil.
Wenwen Deng; Anyun Zhang; Shujuan Chen; Xueping He; Lei Jin; Xiumei Yu; Shengzhi Yang; Bei Li; Liangqian Fan; Lin Ji; Xin Pan; Likou Zou. Heavy metals, antibiotics and nutrients affect the bacterial community and resistance genes in chicken manure composting and fertilized soil. Journal of Environmental Management 2019, 257, 109980 .
AMA StyleWenwen Deng, Anyun Zhang, Shujuan Chen, Xueping He, Lei Jin, Xiumei Yu, Shengzhi Yang, Bei Li, Liangqian Fan, Lin Ji, Xin Pan, Likou Zou. Heavy metals, antibiotics and nutrients affect the bacterial community and resistance genes in chicken manure composting and fertilized soil. Journal of Environmental Management. 2019; 257 ():109980.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenwen Deng; Anyun Zhang; Shujuan Chen; Xueping He; Lei Jin; Xiumei Yu; Shengzhi Yang; Bei Li; Liangqian Fan; Lin Ji; Xin Pan; Likou Zou. 2019. "Heavy metals, antibiotics and nutrients affect the bacterial community and resistance genes in chicken manure composting and fertilized soil." Journal of Environmental Management 257, no. : 109980.
The giant panda (GP) was the most endangered species in China, and gut microbiota plays a vital role in host health. To determine the differences of the gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant GPs, a comparative analysis of gut microbiota in GPs was carried out by 16S rRNA and ITS high-throughput sequencing. In 16S rRNA sequencing, 435 OTUs, 17 phyla and 182 genera were totally detected. Firmicutes (53.6%) was the predominant phylum followed by Proteobacteria (37.8%) and Fusobacteria (7.1%). Escherichia/Shigella (35.9%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Streptococcus (25.9%) and Clostridium (11.1%). In ITS sequencing, 920 OTUs, 6 phyla and 322 genera were also detected. Ascomycota (71.3%) was the predominant phylum followed by Basidiomycota (28.4%) and Zygomycota (0.15%). Purpureocillium (4.4%) was the most prevalent genus followed by Cladosporium (2.5%) and Pezicula (2.4%). Comparative analysis indicated that the male GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Firmicutes than female GPs with the contribution from genus Streptococcus. Meanwhile, the female GPs harbor a higher abundance of phylum Proteobacteria than male GPs with the contribution from genus Escherichia/ Shigella. In addition, the shift in bacteria from female to pregnant GPs indicated that phylum Firmicutes increased significantly with the contribution from Clostridium in the gut, which may provide an opportunity to study possible associations with low reproduction of the GPs.
Siyue Zhao; Caiwu Li; Guo Li; Shengzhi Yang; Yingming Zhou; Yongguo He; Daifu Wu; Yu Zhou; Wen Zeng; Ti Li; Yuanyuan Qu; Bei Li; Wenwen Deng; Lei Jin; Xiumei Yu; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca). Open Life Sciences 2019, 14, 288 -298.
AMA StyleSiyue Zhao, Caiwu Li, Guo Li, Shengzhi Yang, Yingming Zhou, Yongguo He, Daifu Wu, Yu Zhou, Wen Zeng, Ti Li, Yuanyuan Qu, Bei Li, Wenwen Deng, Lei Jin, Xiumei Yu, Yan Huang, Hemin Zhang, Likou Zou. Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca). Open Life Sciences. 2019; 14 (1):288-298.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSiyue Zhao; Caiwu Li; Guo Li; Shengzhi Yang; Yingming Zhou; Yongguo He; Daifu Wu; Yu Zhou; Wen Zeng; Ti Li; Yuanyuan Qu; Bei Li; Wenwen Deng; Lei Jin; Xiumei Yu; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. 2019. "Comparative analysis of gut microbiota among the male, female and pregnant giant pandas (Ailuropoda Melanoleuca)." Open Life Sciences 14, no. 1: 288-298.
This work aims to investigate the methane emissions from integrated vertical-flow constructed wetlands (IVCWs) when ethanol is added as an external carbon source. In this study, a gradient of ethanol (0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 mmol/L) was added as the carbon source in an IVCW planted with Cyperus alternifolius L. The results showed that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 32 mmol/L was 32.34 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that of the control experiment (0 mmol/L) and that the methane emission flux at an ethanol concentration of 16 mmol/L was 5.53 g CH4 m−2 day−1 less than that at 0 mmol/L. In addition, variations in the water quality driven by the different ethanol concentrations were found, with a redox potential range of −64 mV to +30 mV, a pH range of 6.6–6.9, a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate range of 41% to 78%, and an ammonia nitrogen removal rate range of 59% to 82% after the ethanol addition. With the average CH4-C/TOC (%) value of 35% driven by ethanol, it will be beneficial to understand that CH4-C/TOC can be considered an ecological indicator of anthropogenic methanogenesis from treatment wetlands when driven by carbon sources or carbon loading. It can be concluded that adding ethanol as an external carbon source can not only meet the water quality demand of the IVCW treatment system but also stimulate and increase the average CH4 emissions from IVCWs by 23% compared with the control experiment. This finding indicates that an external carbon source can stimulate more CH4 emissions from IVCWs and shows the importance of carbon sources during sewage treatment processes when considering greenhouse emissions from treated wetlands.
Xiaoling Liu; Jingting Wang; Xiaoying Fu; Hongbing Luo; Bruce C. Anderson; Ke Zhang; Mei Li; Bo Huang; Liangqian Fan; Lijuan Yu; Guozhu He; Likou Zou; Shuzhi Fu; Limei Hu; Mingshu Jiang. Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water 2019, 11, 1086 .
AMA StyleXiaoling Liu, Jingting Wang, Xiaoying Fu, Hongbing Luo, Bruce C. Anderson, Ke Zhang, Mei Li, Bo Huang, Liangqian Fan, Lijuan Yu, Guozhu He, Likou Zou, Shuzhi Fu, Limei Hu, Mingshu Jiang. Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2019; 11 (5):1086.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaoling Liu; Jingting Wang; Xiaoying Fu; Hongbing Luo; Bruce C. Anderson; Ke Zhang; Mei Li; Bo Huang; Liangqian Fan; Lijuan Yu; Guozhu He; Likou Zou; Shuzhi Fu; Limei Hu; Mingshu Jiang. 2019. "Methane Emissions Driven by Adding a Gradient of Ethanol as Carbon Source in Integrated Vertical-Flow Constructed Wetlands." Water 11, no. 5: 1086.
To obtain full details of gut microbiota, including bacteria, fungi, bacteriophages, and helminths, in giant pandas (GPs), we created a comprehensive microbial genome database and used metagenomic sequences to align against the database. We delineated a detailed and different gut microbiota structures of GPs. A total of 680 species of bacteria, 198 fungi, 185 bacteriophages, and 45 helminths were found. Compared with 16S rRNA sequencing, the dominant bacterium phyla not only included Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Actinobacteria but also Cyanobacteria and other eight phyla. Aside from Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota, Mucoromycota, and Microsporidia were the dominant fungi phyla. The bacteriophages were predominantly dsDNA Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Podoviridae, ssDNA Inoviridae, and Microviridae. For helminths, phylum Nematoda was the dominant. In addition to previously described parasites, another 44 species of helminths were found in GPs. Also, differences in abundance of microbiota were found between the captive, semiwild, and wild GPs. A total of 1,739 genes encoding cellulase, β-glucosidase, and cellulose β-1,4-cellobiosidase were responsible for the metabolism of cellulose, and 128,707 putative glycoside hydrolase genes were found in bacteria/fungi. Taken together, the results indicated not only bacteria but also fungi, bacteriophages, and helminths were diverse in gut of giant pandas, which provided basis for the further identification of role of gut microbiota. Besides, metagenomics revealed that the bacteria/fungi in gut of GPs harbor the ability of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation.
Shengzhi Yang; Xin Gao; Jianghong Meng; Anyun Zhang; Yingmin Zhou; Mei Long; Bei Li; Wenwen Deng; Lei Jin; Siyue Zhao; Daifu Wu; Yongguo He; Caiwu Li; Shuliang Liu; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. Metagenomic Analysis of Bacteria, Fungi, Bacteriophages, and Helminths in the Gut of Giant Pandas. Frontiers in Microbiology 2018, 9, 1717 .
AMA StyleShengzhi Yang, Xin Gao, Jianghong Meng, Anyun Zhang, Yingmin Zhou, Mei Long, Bei Li, Wenwen Deng, Lei Jin, Siyue Zhao, Daifu Wu, Yongguo He, Caiwu Li, Shuliang Liu, Yan Huang, Hemin Zhang, Likou Zou. Metagenomic Analysis of Bacteria, Fungi, Bacteriophages, and Helminths in the Gut of Giant Pandas. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018; 9 ():1717.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengzhi Yang; Xin Gao; Jianghong Meng; Anyun Zhang; Yingmin Zhou; Mei Long; Bei Li; Wenwen Deng; Lei Jin; Siyue Zhao; Daifu Wu; Yongguo He; Caiwu Li; Shuliang Liu; Yan Huang; Hemin Zhang; Likou Zou. 2018. "Metagenomic Analysis of Bacteria, Fungi, Bacteriophages, and Helminths in the Gut of Giant Pandas." Frontiers in Microbiology 9, no. : 1717.
We have developed a label-free, enzyme-free, modification-free and DNA extraction-free fluorescent aptasensing (LEFA) method for detection of E. coli O157:H7 based on G-quadruplex formation using two ingeniously designed hairpin probes (GHP1 and GHP2). In the presence of E. coli O157:H7, it released the single stranded initiation sequence (IS) resulting in the toehold strand displacement between GHP1 and GHP2, which in turn led to the cyclic reuse of the production of DNA assemblies with numerous G-quadruplex structures and initiation sequences. Then these G-quadruplex structures can be recognized quickly by N-methyl mesoporphyrin IX (NMM) resulting in significantly enhanced fluorescence. The LEFA method was successfully implemented for detecting E. coli O157:H7 with a detection limit of 66 CFU/mL in pure culture, 10 CFU/mL and 1 CFU/mL after pre-incubation of the milk and tap water for 4 and 8 h, respectively. Moreover, the strategy could distinguish viable E. coli O157:H7 from dead E. coli O157:H7 and other species of pathogen cells. Furthermore, the whole process of the strategy is accomplished within 100 min. The results indicated that the approach may be used to effectively control potential microbial hazards in human health, food safety, and animal husbandry.
Shujuan Chen; Yongsheng Li; Zhenzhen Fu; Yue Zeng; Li He; Kang Zhou; Xiaoling Ao; Shuliang Liu; Likou Zou. Label-free and enzyme-free sensitive fluorescent method for detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7. Analytical Biochemistry 2018, 556, 145 -151.
AMA StyleShujuan Chen, Yongsheng Li, Zhenzhen Fu, Yue Zeng, Li He, Kang Zhou, Xiaoling Ao, Shuliang Liu, Likou Zou. Label-free and enzyme-free sensitive fluorescent method for detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7. Analytical Biochemistry. 2018; 556 ():145-151.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShujuan Chen; Yongsheng Li; Zhenzhen Fu; Yue Zeng; Li He; Kang Zhou; Xiaoling Ao; Shuliang Liu; Likou Zou. 2018. "Label-free and enzyme-free sensitive fluorescent method for detection of viable Escherichia coli O157:H7." Analytical Biochemistry 556, no. : 145-151.
This study aims to demonstrate the antibiotic resistance and its association with disinfectant and heavy metal resistance in 152 Salmonella isolates recovered from retail foods of animal origins. Susceptibility testing demonstrated that 92.8% isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and the resistance was highest to oxytetracycline (80.9%), followed by trimethoprim (64.5%), amoxicillin (28.9%), ampicillin (28.3%), levofloxacin (21.7%), ciprofloxacin (16.4%), and gentamicin (10.5%), respectively. The blaTEM and tetA genes (44.7%) were commonly present. The qacF and qacEΔ1 genes were detected in 18.4% and 8.6% of all isolates. The Cu-resistance genes pcoR, pcoC, and pcoA were the most prevalent (20.4–40.8%), followed by Hg-resistance gene merA (17.8%) and As-resistance genes arsB (6.6%). The antibiotic resistance was highly associated with disinfectant or certain heavy metal resistance genes. Most notably, the association among Cu-resistance genes (pcoC, pcoR), disinfectant resistance genes (qacF, qacEΔ1), and tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes (tet, sul) was significant (p < 0.05). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that Salmonella isolates was associated with supermarkets indicating the possibility of crosscontamination in farms or processing environment. This study indicated that retail meats may be a reservoir for the dissemination of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella and using disinfectants for decontamination or metals in livestock may provide a pressure for coselecting strains with acquired resistance to other antimicrobials.
Wenwen Deng; Yuan Quan; Shengzhi Yang; Lijuan Guo; Xiuli Zhang; Shuliang Liu; Shujuan Chen; Kang Zhou; Yang Shengzhi; Guo Lijuan; Yunfu Gu; Shaohua Zhao; Likou Zou. Antibiotic Resistance inSalmonellafrom Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance. Microbial Drug Resistance 2018, 24, 782 -791.
AMA StyleWenwen Deng, Yuan Quan, Shengzhi Yang, Lijuan Guo, Xiuli Zhang, Shuliang Liu, Shujuan Chen, Kang Zhou, Yang Shengzhi, Guo Lijuan, Yunfu Gu, Shaohua Zhao, Likou Zou. Antibiotic Resistance inSalmonellafrom Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance. Microbial Drug Resistance. 2018; 24 (6):782-791.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenwen Deng; Yuan Quan; Shengzhi Yang; Lijuan Guo; Xiuli Zhang; Shuliang Liu; Shujuan Chen; Kang Zhou; Yang Shengzhi; Guo Lijuan; Yunfu Gu; Shaohua Zhao; Likou Zou. 2018. "Antibiotic Resistance inSalmonellafrom Retail Foods of Animal Origin and Its Association with Disinfectant and Heavy Metal Resistance." Microbial Drug Resistance 24, no. 6: 782-791.
Salmonella is recognized as a common bacterial cause of foodborne diarrheal illness worldwide, and animal or its food products have been the most common vehicles of the Salmonella infections. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of Salmonella in two commercial layer farms and to determine the genetic relatedness between these strains. The Salmonella isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination using commercial antisera and analyzed for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The internal environment had the highest prevalence of Salmonella (14/15, 93.3%), followed by external environment (60/96, 62.5%) and egg samples (23/84, 27.3%). The prevalence of Salmonella in the environment was significantly higher than that in egg samples (p < 0.05). The occurrence of Salmonella in the internal environment (93.3%) was relatively higher than in the external environment (55.6-77.2%). The 111 isolates were distributed among 15 PFGE types, and the PFGE results suggested that there existed cross-contamination between these strains not only from eggs, but also from the environments. The findings indicated ongoing Salmonella cross-contamination inside or outside of the layer farms, and that Salmonella could also spread along the egg production line.
Mei Long; Hua Yu; Li Chen; Guoyan Wu; Siyue Zhao; Wenwen Deng; Shujuan Chen; Kang Zhou; Shuliang Liu; Li He; Xiaoling Ao; Yubao Yan; Menggen Ma; Hongning Wang; Margaret A. Davis; Lisa Jones; Bei Li; Anyun Zhang; Likou Zou. Recovery of Salmonella isolated from eggs and the commercial layer farms. Gut Pathogens 2017, 9, 74 .
AMA StyleMei Long, Hua Yu, Li Chen, Guoyan Wu, Siyue Zhao, Wenwen Deng, Shujuan Chen, Kang Zhou, Shuliang Liu, Li He, Xiaoling Ao, Yubao Yan, Menggen Ma, Hongning Wang, Margaret A. Davis, Lisa Jones, Bei Li, Anyun Zhang, Likou Zou. Recovery of Salmonella isolated from eggs and the commercial layer farms. Gut Pathogens. 2017; 9 (1):74.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMei Long; Hua Yu; Li Chen; Guoyan Wu; Siyue Zhao; Wenwen Deng; Shujuan Chen; Kang Zhou; Shuliang Liu; Li He; Xiaoling Ao; Yubao Yan; Menggen Ma; Hongning Wang; Margaret A. Davis; Lisa Jones; Bei Li; Anyun Zhang; Likou Zou. 2017. "Recovery of Salmonella isolated from eggs and the commercial layer farms." Gut Pathogens 9, no. 1: 74.
Aldehydes generated as by-products during the pretreatment of lignocellulose are the key inhibitors to Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is considered as the most promising microorganism for industrial production of biofuel, xylitol as well as other special chemicals from lignocellulose. S. cerevisiae has the inherent ability to in situ detoxify aldehydes to corresponding alcohols by multiple aldehyde reductases. Herein, we report that an uncharacterized open reading frame YKL071W from S. cerevisiae encodes a novel "classical" short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) protein with NADH-dependent enzymatic activities for reduction of furfural (FF), glycolaldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA), and benzaldehyde (BZA). This enzyme showed much better specific activities for reduction of GA and FF than FA and BZA, and displayed much higher Km and Kcat/Km but lower Vmax and Kcat for reduction of GA than FF. For this enzyme, the optimum pH was 5.5 and 6.0 for reduction of GA and FF, and the optimum temperature was 30 °C for reduction of GA and FF. Both pH and temperature affected stability of this enzyme in a similar trend for reduction of GA and FF. Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+), and Fe(3+) had severe inhibition effects on enzyme activities of Ykl071wp for reduction of GA and FF. Transcription of YKL071W in S. cerevisiae was significantly upregulated under GA and FF stress conditions, and its transcription is most probably regulated by transcription factor genes of YAP1, CAD1, PDR3, and STB5. This research provides guidelines to identify more uncharacterized genes with reductase activities for detoxification of aldehydes derived from lignocellulose in S. cerevisiae.
Hanyu Wang; Yidan Ouyang; Chang Zhou; Difan Xiao; Yaping Guo; Lan Wu; Xi Li; Yunfu Gu; Quanju Xiang; Ke Zhao; Xiumei Yu; Likou Zou; Menggen Ma. YKL071W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel aldehyde reductase for detoxification of glycolaldehyde and furfural derived from lignocellulose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 2017, 101, 8405 -8418.
AMA StyleHanyu Wang, Yidan Ouyang, Chang Zhou, Difan Xiao, Yaping Guo, Lan Wu, Xi Li, Yunfu Gu, Quanju Xiang, Ke Zhao, Xiumei Yu, Likou Zou, Menggen Ma. YKL071W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel aldehyde reductase for detoxification of glycolaldehyde and furfural derived from lignocellulose. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2017; 101 (23):8405-8418.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHanyu Wang; Yidan Ouyang; Chang Zhou; Difan Xiao; Yaping Guo; Lan Wu; Xi Li; Yunfu Gu; Quanju Xiang; Ke Zhao; Xiumei Yu; Likou Zou; Menggen Ma. 2017. "YKL071W from Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a novel aldehyde reductase for detoxification of glycolaldehyde and furfural derived from lignocellulose." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 101, no. 23: 8405-8418.
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) sensors based on Zr (IV)-loaded collagen fiber (ZrCF), a novel material with great porous structure, were developed. This novel material shows adsorbability by microorganisms. Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli were used for the construction of BOD sensors. Factors affecting BOD sensor performance were examined. The ZrCF-based BOD sensor showed different sensitivities and linear response ranges with different biofilm densities. The amount of microorganisms strongly affected the performance of the BOD sensor. Poor permeability of previously reported immobilization carriers were greatly circumvented by ZrCF. The service life of the ZrCF-based BOD sensor was more than 42 days. The immobilized microorganisms can be stored for more than 6 months under 4°C in PB solution. There was good correlation between the results of the sensor method and the standard 5-day BOD method in the determination of pure organic substrates and real water samples.
Lei Zhao; Li He; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou; Kang Zhou; Xiaolin Ao; Shuliang Liu; Xinjie Hu; Guoquan Han. Microbial BOD sensors based on Zr (IV)-loaded collagen fiber. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 2017, 98, 52 -57.
AMA StyleLei Zhao, Li He, Shujuan Chen, Likou Zou, Kang Zhou, Xiaolin Ao, Shuliang Liu, Xinjie Hu, Guoquan Han. Microbial BOD sensors based on Zr (IV)-loaded collagen fiber. Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 2017; 98 ():52-57.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLei Zhao; Li He; Shujuan Chen; Likou Zou; Kang Zhou; Xiaolin Ao; Shuliang Liu; Xinjie Hu; Guoquan Han. 2017. "Microbial BOD sensors based on Zr (IV)-loaded collagen fiber." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 98, no. : 52-57.
A total of 651 samples from broiler cecal samples, carcasses, carcass parts collected at the slaughterhouse level in Sichuan Province of China were examined for the occurrence of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli. After confirmed by species-specific multiplex PCR, the recovered isolates were examined for resistance to antimicrobials using an agar dilution method and investigated for the mutation of gyrA, tetO gene and V domain of 23S rRNA as well as the presence of class 1 integron and the associated gene cassettes. In addition, the genotype relatedness of the isolates was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiling. The prevalence of Campylobacter was 56.1% in cecal samples, 31.0% in carcasses and 17.0% in carcass parts, respectively. Among them, C. jejuni accounted for 24.6% and C. coli occupied 20.0% of the samples. The strains of C. jejuni were most frequently resistant to ciprofloxacin (88.1%), followed by resistance to tetracycline (79.4%) and levofloxacin (78.1%). Most of the C. coli isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (100%), tetracycline (98.5%), levofloxacin (98.5%), clindamycin (98.5%) and erythromycin (93.9%). Antimicrobial resistance profiling showed that 93.7% of campylobacters were multidrug resistant (MDR) strains. Moreover, class 1 integrons were detected in 98.6% of MDR campylobacters, among which 98.7% were positive for C. jejuni and 98.5% for C. coli. Three kinds of gene cassettes-associated amplicons were identified and the amplicons profile of 1000–750–500–250 bp was the predominant pattern linked to the aminoglycoside resistance gene of aadA2. The presence of mutation in gyrA, tetO and 23S rRNA between C. jejuni and C. coli varied from 89.7% to 97.3%, 96.6% to 94.1%, and 95.0% to 96.7%, respectively. Finally, the results of PFGE indicated that, 33 PFGE profiles were generated among 78 isolates of C. jejuni and the similarity level ranged from 42.1% to 99.1%. By contrast, 15 PFGE patterns were produced among 68 C. coli isolates sharing a similarity level of 54.0%–99.7%. Comparison of the PFGE and antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolates reflected the high genetic diversity of Campylobacter tested. A poor correlation among the antimicrobial resistance patterns, resistance determinants and PFGE genotypes was observed in C. jejuni. Our study showed that there were several points of cross-contamination during broiler slaughter, and a high diversity of PFGE types in the Campylobacter isolates with high resistances to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline.
Xinfeng Han; Dongmei Zhu; Haimei Lai; Hang Zeng; Kang Zhou; Likou Zou; Congming Wu; Guoquan Han; Shuliang Liu. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiling and genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from broilers at slaughter in China. Food Control 2016, 69, 160 -170.
AMA StyleXinfeng Han, Dongmei Zhu, Haimei Lai, Hang Zeng, Kang Zhou, Likou Zou, Congming Wu, Guoquan Han, Shuliang Liu. Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiling and genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from broilers at slaughter in China. Food Control. 2016; 69 ():160-170.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXinfeng Han; Dongmei Zhu; Haimei Lai; Hang Zeng; Kang Zhou; Likou Zou; Congming Wu; Guoquan Han; Shuliang Liu. 2016. "Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance profiling and genetic diversity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated from broilers at slaughter in China." Food Control 69, no. : 160-170.