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The visual search performance of radiologists is systematically challenged due to the use of flat-panel displays when viewing multi-slice images. Three-dimensional visualization of information is expected to facilitate visual search for radiologists. However, as the differences in user performance, depending on radiologist experience, have not yet been assessed for real three-dimensional images, it is difficult to estimate the usability of new visualization systems for radiologists with different amounts of professional search experience. In this study, we aimed to determine how three-dimensional visual search is affected by radiologist experience and the physical properties of stimuli. Radiologists, residents, and medical students accomplished visual search tasks with varying set sizes and target-distractor similarities. Search items were presented on multiple display planes and image manipulation was conducted using a computer keyboard. We compared the search outcome and strategy among three groups of participants. All three groups submitted a similar number of correct responses depending on target-distractor similarity. However, in contrast to radiologists and residents, it took a considerably longer time for students to find the targets. The major differences were evident in search strategy when comparing the image manipulations of radiologists with those of residents and students. Our results demonstrated that experienced radiologists’ search performance benefited from seeing the entire three-dimensional view of an image, whereas residents and students focused instead on reducing the amount of information and searched in a selective manner. These findings should be taken into account when planning the implementation of new workstations with three-dimensional visualization in radiology.
Tatjana Pladere; Mara Delesa-Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience. Applied Sciences 2019, 9, 4929 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Mara Delesa-Velina, Viktorija Andriksone, Reinis Pitura, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9 (22):4929.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Mara Delesa-Velina; Viktorija Andriksone; Reinis Pitura; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Visual Search Performance and Strategy for Three-Dimensional Visualization Systems: Impact of Radiologist Experience." Applied Sciences 9, no. 22: 4929.
Volumetric display shows promising implications for healthcare related applications as an innovative technology that creates real three-dimensional (3D) image by illuminating points in three-dimensional space to generate volumetric images without image separation. We used eccentric photorefractometry to objectively study ocular performance in a practical environment by evaluating near work-induced refraction shift, accommodative microfluctuations, and pupil size for 38 young adults after viewing anaglyph, and volumetric 3D content for prolonged time. The results of our study demonstrate that participants who performed relative depth estimation task on volumetric 3D content were less likely to experience task-induced myopic refraction shift. For both 3D content types, we observed pupil constriction, that is possibly related to visual fatigue. For anaglyph 3D pupil constriction, onset was observed significantly sooner, compared to volumetric 3D. Overall, sustained work with 3D content, and small disparities or the fully eliminated possibility of accommodation-vergence conflict, not only minimizes near work-induced myopic shift, but also provide beneficial accommodation relaxation that was demonstrated in this study as hypermetropic shift for nearly half of participants.
Karola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System. Photonics 2019, 6, 106 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Tatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Aiga Svede, Gunta Krumina. Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System. Photonics. 2019; 6 (4):106.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Objective User Visual Experience Evaluation When Working with Virtual Pixel-Based 3D System and Real Voxel-Based 3D System." Photonics 6, no. 4: 106.
Karola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gatis Ikaunieks; Gunta Krumina. Ocular performance evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems 2019, 1 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Tatjana Pladere, Mara Velina, Aiga Svede, Gatis Ikaunieks, Gunta Krumina. Ocular performance evaluation. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems. 2019; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Tatjana Pladere; Mara Velina; Aiga Svede; Gatis Ikaunieks; Gunta Krumina. 2019. "Ocular performance evaluation." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Applications of Intelligent Systems , no. : 1.
In diagnostics, radiologists search for anatomical abnormalities through generated three-dimensional data on flat displays. Professionals are required to scroll repeatedly through image stacks forth and back, as well as remember a broad amount of visual information. This process leads to working memory overload and decreased search outcome. In contrast, a volumetric multi-planar display includes many planes, which makes possible to visualize data in a true physical depth. Thus, theoretically, it can facilitate the visual search performance in diagnostics and lessen the necessity for repeated scrolling. Therefore, our work aims to explore practically the extent to which the visual search is effective, as well as deliver evidence on the scrolling strategy through image stacks when data are shown on many display planes. Visual search set consisted of constant angular size stimuli presented on ten out of twenty display planes in two depth segments. Participants searched for a target with varying target-distractor similarity within trials. All ten images were presented simultaneously in the beginning of each trial and participants scrolled freely through them. In the result, target discriminability affected significantly the correct response rate and time, as well as search behavior was consistent with the physical design of stimuli set. In more detail, the number of moves through image stack almost doubled when the target-distractor similarity increased and, overall, participants skipped searching repeatedly already seen images. The developed visual search task is suggested for implementation in studies of visual perception and search behavior in threedimensional displays.
Tatjana Pladere; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina; Kristaps Klava; Vita Konosonoka; Marina Seleznova. Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability. Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI 2018, 10752, 1075235 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina, Kristaps Klava, Vita Konosonoka, Marina Seleznova. Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability. Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI. 2018; 10752 ():1075235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina; Kristaps Klava; Vita Konosonoka; Marina Seleznova. 2018. "Capabilities and limitations of visual search in volumetric images: the effect of target discriminability." Applications of Digital Image Processing XLI 10752, no. : 1075235.
In medical imaging, large sets of two-dimensional images are used for evaluating anatomical structures. Observers experience high cognitive load due to necessity of memorizing information and data is not seen in a real volume. A volumetric multi-planar display is a promising technology that can eliminate above mentioned issues by producing images in a real three-dimensional space. Therefore, the goal of our study was to investigate how well individuals perceived a difference in spatial localization of visual stimuli and describe its impact on visual search performance in three-dimensional digital space. Participants searched for a target stimulus which was located closer to the observer comparing to other stimuli in different depth segments of a display and provided subjective evaluation of the task difficulty. The results revealed that on average visual attention could be deployed without significant differences on all four depths segments in terms of response time and quality. But at the same time, eccentricity of stimuli influenced considerably the performance which can be related to higher cognitive load due to limitation of visual acuity and attention in the peripheral visual field. To be added, subjective evaluation of perceived task difficulty matched well response time and accuracy in visual search. The obtained results leaded to the conclusion that spatial layout of stimuli in horizontal and vertical dimension had a bigger impact on visual search performance comparing to the third dimension on a volumetric multi-planar display.
Tatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image. Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 2018, 10711, 1071121 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Vita Konosonoka, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image. Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference. 2018; 10711 ():1071121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Visual search efficiency depending on spatial layout of stimuli in volumetric image." Biomedical Imaging and Sensing Conference 10711, no. : 1071121.
Post-task refraction shifts were evaluated with eccentric photorefraction technique to better understand response of visual system and eye accommodation to sustained near work with 3D image formed by volumetric display.
Karola Panke; Vita Stokmane; Tatjana Pladere; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) 2018, 3Tu5G.3 .
AMA StyleKarola Panke, Vita Stokmane, Tatjana Pladere, Aiga Švede, Gunta Krumina. Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP). 2018; ():3Tu5G.3.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarola Panke; Vita Stokmane; Tatjana Pladere; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Focusing in Depth: Post-Task Accommodation Shifts After Sustained Near Work with Volumetric Multi-Planar Display." Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) , no. : 3Tu5G.3.
Ability to distinguish relative location of visual stimuli on a multi-planar display was evaluated within psychophysical experiment in order to figure out the impact of physical distance between stimuli across depth of volumetric data.
Tatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) 2018, 3Tu5G.4 .
AMA StyleTatjana Pladere, Vita Konosonoka, Karola Panke, Gunta Krumina. Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display. Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP). 2018; ():3Tu5G.4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatjana Pladere; Vita Konosonoka; Karola Panke; Gunta Krumina. 2018. "Looking in Depth: Visual Distance Perception of Stimuli on Volumetric Multi-Planar Display." Imaging and Applied Optics 2018 (3D, AO, AIO, COSI, DH, IS, LACSEA, LS&C, MATH, pcAOP) , no. : 3Tu5G.4.
In children, intensive near-work affects the accommodation system of the eye. Younger children, due to anatomical parameters, read at smaller distance than older children and we can expect that the accommodation system of younger can be affected more than that of older children. We wanted to test this hypothesis. Some authors showed that the norms of amplitude of accommodation (AA) developed by Hofstetter (1950) not always could be applied for children. We also wanted to verify these results. A total of 106 (age 7-15) children participated in the study. Distance visual acuity was measured for all children and only data of children with good visual acuity 1.0 or more (dec. units) were analysed (73 children). Accommodative amplitude was measured before and after lessons using subjective push-up technique (with RAF Near Point Ruler). The results showed that the amplitude of accommodation reduced significantly (p < 0.05) during the day and decrease of AA was similar in different age groups (about ~0.70 D). Additional measurements are needed to verify that the observed changes in AA were associated with fatigue effect. The results showed lower accommodation values compared to average values calculated according to the Hofstetter equation (p < 0.05).
Gatis Ikaunieks; Karola Panke; Madara Segliņa; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 2017, 71, 387 -391.
AMA StyleGatis Ikaunieks, Karola Panke, Madara Segliņa, Aiga Švede, Gunta Krumina. Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.. 2017; 71 (5):387-391.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGatis Ikaunieks; Karola Panke; Madara Segliņa; Aiga Švede; Gunta Krumina. 2017. "Accommodative Amplitude in School-Age Children." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 5: 387-391.
Aiga Svede; Wolfgang Jaschinski; Gunta Krumina; Karola Panke. Usage of CISS and Conlon surveys in eye accommodation studies. Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleAiga Svede, Wolfgang Jaschinski, Gunta Krumina, Karola Panke. Usage of CISS and Conlon surveys in eye accommodation studies. Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAiga Svede; Wolfgang Jaschinski; Gunta Krumina; Karola Panke. 2017. "Usage of CISS and Conlon surveys in eye accommodation studies." Third International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics , no. : 1.
The aim of this study was to assess the visual acuity of myopes with standard and reversed contrast optotypes and to determine how the visual acuity of myopes is affected by optical defocus and the type of optical correction, either contact lenses or spectacles. Twenty-three myopic subjects (18 and 23 years old) with uncorrected vision had their visual acuity assessed with both standard and reversed contrast optotypes. The study also included 10 myopes with contact lens as well as habitual spectacle correction. The visual acuity for myopes with uncorrected vision was better with reversed than standard contrast optotypes. Better reversed contrast than standard contrast visual acuity was obtained also with spectacle and contact lens correction. This result could be due in part to low order aberrations (optical defocus) in myopes spectacle or contact lenses correction.
Gatis Ikaunieks; Anete Petrova; Karola Panke; Gunta Krūmiņa. Visual Acuity in Myopes with Standard and Reversed Contrast Optotypes. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 2017, 71, 22 -26.
AMA StyleGatis Ikaunieks, Anete Petrova, Karola Panke, Gunta Krūmiņa. Visual Acuity in Myopes with Standard and Reversed Contrast Optotypes. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.. 2017; 71 (1-2):22-26.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGatis Ikaunieks; Anete Petrova; Karola Panke; Gunta Krūmiņa. 2017. "Visual Acuity in Myopes with Standard and Reversed Contrast Optotypes." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 71, no. 1-2: 22-26.