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China is the world's largest potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) producer. Film mulching is widely used in potato production because it can effectively modify the soil micro-environment. Here, we conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the effects of film mulching on the potato yield in China. Film mulching noticeably increased potato yield by an average 32.5%. The enhancement was significantly higher with plastic film (33.5%) than with biodegradable (19.5%) or liquid (16.9%) film. Yield increases under plastic film mulching (PFM) varied across regions, with the largest increases observed in Northwest and North China. The improvements in potato yield tended to increase along with experimental duration and film thickness. Loam and clay loam soils, mulching ratio (ratio of the area of farmland mulched with film to the total area of farmland) of 50%–99%, and potato monoculture or rotations with legumes had favorable effects on potato yields under PFM conditions. Whole season film mulching benefitted more from PFM than partial season film mulching, and ridge-furrow planting benefitted more from PFM than traditional flat planting. White film was more effective in regions having lower average annual precipitation (<400 mm) and temperature (<10°C), while black film was the opposite. In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggests the adoption of PFM should be site specific. Moreover, although PFM may significantly enhance potato yield, the development of biodegradable film with comparable mulching effects and the improvement of technology for recovering residual film are important to achieve a sustainable and healthy agricultural industry. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Hao Li; Weiyew Chang. Exploring optimal film mulching to enhance potato yield in China: A meta‐analysis. Agronomy Journal 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleHao Li, Weiyew Chang. Exploring optimal film mulching to enhance potato yield in China: A meta‐analysis. Agronomy Journal. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Li; Weiyew Chang. 2021. "Exploring optimal film mulching to enhance potato yield in China: A meta‐analysis." Agronomy Journal , no. : 1.
This study assesses the impacts of the China-US trade war on the global forest product markets using the bilateral trade flow module of the Global Forest Products Model. Two alternative scenarios are compared to the business-as-usual situation: (1) the US charges 25% tariff on $200 billion of goods imported from China, which in return imposes differentiated tariffs on $60 billion of goods imported from the US; (2) the US raises the tariff rate from 25% to 30% and China adds extra tariffs on $75 billion of imported goods. It is found that China's imports of sawnwood and waste paper from the US and the US imports of plywood and other paper from China decreased significantly. Meanwhile, some of the trade flows between China and the US shifted to other parts of the world. Vietnam and New Zealand were the largest winners while Thailand suffered a relatively heavy loss. Product substitution occurred mainly in Asia and Europe, and price changes were within 10%. Overall, China benefited slightly, but the US experienced a loss. These findings have broad policy implications for international trade.
Wenqi Pan; Wei-Yew Chang; Ting Wu; Han Zhang; Zhuo Ning; Hongqiang Yang. Impacts of the China-US trade restrictions on the global forest sector: A bilateral trade flow analysis. Forest Policy and Economics 2020, 123, 102375 .
AMA StyleWenqi Pan, Wei-Yew Chang, Ting Wu, Han Zhang, Zhuo Ning, Hongqiang Yang. Impacts of the China-US trade restrictions on the global forest sector: A bilateral trade flow analysis. Forest Policy and Economics. 2020; 123 ():102375.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenqi Pan; Wei-Yew Chang; Ting Wu; Han Zhang; Zhuo Ning; Hongqiang Yang. 2020. "Impacts of the China-US trade restrictions on the global forest sector: A bilateral trade flow analysis." Forest Policy and Economics 123, no. : 102375.
Forest certification plays an important role in the global trade of legal, sustainably harvested timber. There is no accurate definition of how international forest certification systems impact international trade from a global perspective. This paper is intended to evaluate the influence of forest certification on international trade, so that it can provide a scientific basis for the improvement of the international forest certification systems and for the development of relevant forestry industries in different countries. First, the influence of forest certification on international trade of forest products is explained in the economic model; hence, four hypotheses are put forward. Second, to test these hypotheses, we verify the panel data of bilateral trade and forest certification of all forest products among 67 economies from 2009 to 2018 by incorporating forest certifications into the gravity model. Finally, tests by country groups and product groups were further analyzed, respectively. The results show that: (1) The extended Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation solves the problem of the heteroscedasticity and zero trade value problems of the gravity model well in the forest industry. (2) Forest certification has an export competitive effect, a trade barrier effect, as well as common language effect. (3) Forest certification has asymmetric trade effects. The export competitive effect of forest certification in developing countries is greater than that in developed countries. Forest certification has become a trade barrier for developing countries, especially in the process of trade with developed countries. The common language effect is higher during the trade between developed and developing countries. The export competitive effect of wood products is higher than that of furniture products. Forest certification has trade barrier effect on wood products in developing countries, while it has trade barrier effect on furniture products in developed countries.
Jiaojiao Chen; Lanhui Wang; Lingchao Li; Juliana Magalhães; Weiming Song; Wenming Lu; Lichun Xiong; Wei-Yew Chang; Yujun Sun. Effect of Forest Certification on International Trade in Forest Products. Forests 2020, 11, 1270 .
AMA StyleJiaojiao Chen, Lanhui Wang, Lingchao Li, Juliana Magalhães, Weiming Song, Wenming Lu, Lichun Xiong, Wei-Yew Chang, Yujun Sun. Effect of Forest Certification on International Trade in Forest Products. Forests. 2020; 11 (12):1270.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiaojiao Chen; Lanhui Wang; Lingchao Li; Juliana Magalhães; Weiming Song; Wenming Lu; Lichun Xiong; Wei-Yew Chang; Yujun Sun. 2020. "Effect of Forest Certification on International Trade in Forest Products." Forests 11, no. 12: 1270.