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Stanisław Bielski
Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, M. Oczapowskiego 8, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland

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Journal article
Published: 31 May 2021 in Energies
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The issue of environmental management systems in food processing companies is gaining importance due to the need to reduce water withdrawal, wastewater, air emissions, and waste generation. New technological solutions and innovations can reduce the negative effects of the enterprises’ production facilities on the environment. In Poland, the phenomenon of increasing use of the amount of renewable energy sources is influenced by, e.g., adopted national and EU legislation, development of new technologies in the field of energy, and increasing awareness of producers and consumers in the field of ecology and environmental protection. It is also important that the state creates favorable conditions for the use of renewable energy in micro-installations. The application goal of the study is to develop a procedure for improvement of the environmental management systems for food processing companies and increase the awareness of potential use and implementation of renewable energy sources by food processing entities. In the theoretical part of the study, methods of comparative, deductive, and synthetic analysis are used. In the practical part of the study survey method, case studies, a simple flashback, and transfer of ideas are presented. The results of the research can be used by state institutions to put emphasis on the implementation of sustainable development of state policy on the food market.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska; Renata Marks-Bielska. Use of Environmental Management Systems and Renewable Energy Sources in Selected Food Processing Enterprises in Poland. Energies 2021, 14, 3212 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska, Renata Marks-Bielska. Use of Environmental Management Systems and Renewable Energy Sources in Selected Food Processing Enterprises in Poland. Energies. 2021; 14 (11):3212.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska; Renata Marks-Bielska. 2021. "Use of Environmental Management Systems and Renewable Energy Sources in Selected Food Processing Enterprises in Poland." Energies 14, no. 11: 3212.

Journal article
Published: 20 May 2021 in Energies
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The article presents the results of a study on the preparation and use of faba bean waste and potato peel pellets for energy purposes. Physical and mechanical characteristics (moisture, density, ash content) of faba bean waste and potato peel pellets were investigated. The largest fraction of flour was formed on a sieve with 1 mm holes: faba bean waste—28.2 ± 2.02 g, potato peels—29.09 ± 0.73 g. For this experiment, samples were taken by mixing faba bean waste (four variants) and potato peel in the ratio of 1:1; 1:2; 1:3; 1:4 by volume (12 samples). It was found in this study that the density of pellets (DM) ranged from 1226.22 ± 13.88 kgm−3 to 1349.79 ± 6.79 kgm−3. The pellet moisture ranged from 6.70 ± 0.04% to 3.64 ± 0.13%. The lower calorific value of dry fuel pellets ranged from 15.27 ± 0.43 MJkg−1 to 16.02 ± 0.50 MJkg−1. The ash content of the pellets ranged from 8.05 ± 0.57% to 14.21 ± 0.05%. The ST temperature of the experimentally measured mixture of faba bean waste and potato peel pellets ranged from 924 to 969 °C; the DT temperature ranged from 944 to 983 °C; the HT temperature ranged from 1073 to 1202 °C, and a change in FT temperature from 1174 to 1234 °C was observed. The temperatures were sufficiently high to melt the ash. Specific emissions of CO2, CO, NOx and CxHy did not exceed the maximum levels allowed. In summary, from the results of the study of the physical properties, combustion, and emissions of waste beans and potato peel pellets (all samples), it is evident that they are used for biofuels. The combustion process of this type of pellet is characterized by efficient combustion and minimal emissions to the atmosphere.

ACS Style

Aleksandra Minajeva; Algirdas Jasinskas; Rolandas Domeika; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius; Egidijus Lemanas; Stanisław Bielski. The Study of the Faba Bean Waste and Potato Peels Recycling for Pellet Production and Usage for Energy Conversion. Energies 2021, 14, 2954 .

AMA Style

Aleksandra Minajeva, Algirdas Jasinskas, Rolandas Domeika, Edvardas Vaiciukevičius, Egidijus Lemanas, Stanisław Bielski. The Study of the Faba Bean Waste and Potato Peels Recycling for Pellet Production and Usage for Energy Conversion. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2954.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Aleksandra Minajeva; Algirdas Jasinskas; Rolandas Domeika; Edvardas Vaiciukevičius; Egidijus Lemanas; Stanisław Bielski. 2021. "The Study of the Faba Bean Waste and Potato Peels Recycling for Pellet Production and Usage for Energy Conversion." Energies 14, no. 10: 2954.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in Energies
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Analyses of statistical data were made and their results discussed in this article to identify the level of Poland’s energy security and to determine the role of agriculture in ensuring it. It has been demonstrated that coal continues to be the staple resource for the generation of energy in Poland. The current demands and requirements concerning the reduced consumption of non-renewable resources and Poland’s obligations towards the European Union regarding the production of energy from renewable resources—all these considerations contribute to the promotion of a skillful development of energy crop farming, which, in Poland, is likely to be very successful. Agriculture plays an important role in ensuring Poland’s energy security, and this branch of farming can grow dynamically provided adequate legal regulations and promotion are in place. The chief resource for renewable energy generation is biomass. Straw and biogas production in agricultural biogas plants are two solutions whose full energy production potential still awaits to be tapped.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Renata Marks-Bielska; Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Egidijus Šarauskis. Importance of Agriculture in Creating Energy Security—A Case Study of Poland. Energies 2021, 14, 2465 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Renata Marks-Bielska, Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Egidijus Šarauskis. Importance of Agriculture in Creating Energy Security—A Case Study of Poland. Energies. 2021; 14 (9):2465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Renata Marks-Bielska; Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Egidijus Šarauskis. 2021. "Importance of Agriculture in Creating Energy Security—A Case Study of Poland." Energies 14, no. 9: 2465.

Review
Published: 23 December 2020 in Land
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Sustainable development is socioeconomic growth that integrates political, economic, and social measures alongside environmental protection to meet the needs of communities and citizens without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs. The sustainable development concept was initially based on three main pillars: environment, economy, and society. In successive years, this concept has been expanded to include new pillars. The awareness of these changes has influenced our research interests. The main research objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of geographic information system (GIS) tools (data, tools, and multidimensional analyses) to the implementation of sustainable development principles in rural areas. The study covered rural and nonurbanized areas in Poland, especially farmland, forests, fisheries, and farms. The study presents the results of our research into environmental, economic, and social determinants of growth in the spatial dimension. GIS tools continue to evolve, which improves access to information and increases database managers’ awareness that highly accurate data are needed for spatial analyses. GIS systems allow us to formulate, in a structured and formal way, models that reflect both the current state and forecast changes that will occur in space. It is a very useful tool in the sustainable development of rural areas.

ACS Style

Krystyna Kurowska; Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Audrius Aleknavičius; Cezary Kowalczyk. Geographic Information Systems and the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. Land 2020, 10, 6 .

AMA Style

Krystyna Kurowska, Renata Marks-Bielska, Stanisław Bielski, Audrius Aleknavičius, Cezary Kowalczyk. Geographic Information Systems and the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas. Land. 2020; 10 (1):6.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krystyna Kurowska; Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Audrius Aleknavičius; Cezary Kowalczyk. 2020. "Geographic Information Systems and the Sustainable Development of Rural Areas." Land 10, no. 1: 6.

Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Agriculture
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Due to the often-intangible benefits of agroecosystem services (AES), their cultural, social, and economic value is very difficult to quantify and integrate into decision-making and policy-making processes. The aim of this study is to assess the non-market values of AES in an exceptionally environmentally rich area of the Warmia and Mazury region (Poland), identifying consumers’ preferences for them using the choice experiment (CE) method. Four AES attributes were selected for the research: (i) water quality; (ii) wildlife populations; and (iii) agricultural landscape. The study has revealed that the residents of Warmia and Mazury region were concerned about environmental issues that may be caused by agriculture. There was a demand for the provision of AES. The application of multinomial logit (MNL) model has revealed that marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) values were the highest for water quality (EUR 1.94), followed by wildlife population (EUR 1.02) and agricultural landscape (EUR 0.85). The findings have provided quantitative information related to the demand for improvements in AES through agri-environmental protection programs.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Renata Marks-Bielska; Anastasija Novikova; Bernardas Vaznonis. Assessing the Value of Agroecosystem Services in Warmia and Mazury Province Using Choice Experiments. Agriculture 2020, 11, 4 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Renata Marks-Bielska, Anastasija Novikova, Bernardas Vaznonis. Assessing the Value of Agroecosystem Services in Warmia and Mazury Province Using Choice Experiments. Agriculture. 2020; 11 (1):4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Renata Marks-Bielska; Anastasija Novikova; Bernardas Vaznonis. 2020. "Assessing the Value of Agroecosystem Services in Warmia and Mazury Province Using Choice Experiments." Agriculture 11, no. 1: 4.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2020 in Energies
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A crucial factor that determines the development of production and consumption markets for biofuels is the choice of raw materials that can ensure the highest possible production efficiency, the lowest cost and the smallest emission of harmful substances to the atmosphere during all production stages. Considerations underlying the development of biofuel production have been discussed as well as the theoretical mechanisms linking the generation of biofuels to the level of production and the variability of prices of agricultural raw products. The aim of this study has been to identify the scale at which energy raw materials originating from agriculture are used for liquid biofuels production and to explore their impact on food security. The study used public statistical data (OECD-FAO and IndexMundi). The time span of the analysis was from 2005 to 2018. First-generation biofuels based on food raw materials (cereal grains, root crops, sugarcane and vegetable oils) are becoming increasingly competitive with food production recent years have been a period of the dynamic growth in production of liquid biofuels. In 2018, the global production of these substances reached 167.9 billion litres (bioethanol and biodiesel together), consuming 16.1% of maize grain, 1.7% of wheat grain, 3.3% of grain of other feed grains and 13.5% of vegetable oil.

ACS Style

Krystyna Kurowska; Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Hubert Kryszk; Algirdas Jasinskas. Food Security in the Context of Liquid Biofuels Production. Energies 2020, 13, 6247 .

AMA Style

Krystyna Kurowska, Renata Marks-Bielska, Stanisław Bielski, Hubert Kryszk, Algirdas Jasinskas. Food Security in the Context of Liquid Biofuels Production. Energies. 2020; 13 (23):6247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Krystyna Kurowska; Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Hubert Kryszk; Algirdas Jasinskas. 2020. "Food Security in the Context of Liquid Biofuels Production." Energies 13, no. 23: 6247.

Journal article
Published: 24 November 2020 in Industrial Crops and Products
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Knowledge of the response of milk thistle to different levels of agronomic inputs and interactions is essential for the elaboration of the best production technologies. Field trials in a fractional factorial design are helpful in selecting the optimal production technology for plants whose agronomic requirements have not been sufficiently studied under given agroecological conditions. The experiment was set up in a 2n-1 design with a half-replication. It was located on fields of the Agricultural Experiment Station in Bałcyny, Poland, and carried out in the years 2010-2012. The multifactorial experiments conducted under the same climatic and soil conditions helped to determine the optimal intensity of the main agronomic treatments. The experiment was designed to analyze the response of milk thistle to key yield-forming factors (nitrogen fertilization, potassium fertilization, sowing date, row spacing and weed control). The weather conditions during the experiment had a significant impact on most of the assessed parameters. Under the agroecological conditions of north-eastern Poland, a higher nitrogen fertilization dose (80 kg N ha-1) had a significant influence on the yield of milk thistle achenes (an increase of 7.1%), and the yield components improved significantly. An earlier sowing date also resulted in a higher yield of achenes (by 14.9%) and improved the yield structure elements. A positive influence on the yield was also produced by chemical weed control (a significant increase in the yield by 0.15 Mg ha-1 – 12.2%). The spacing between rows and potassium fertilization (100 kg K2O ha-1) applied in milk thistle cultivation did not significantly affect the growth, development plant yield.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) achene yield had a positive response to nitrogen fertilization, row spacing, sowing date, and weed control methods. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 160, 113104 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski. Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) achene yield had a positive response to nitrogen fertilization, row spacing, sowing date, and weed control methods. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 160 ():113104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski. 2020. "Milk thistle (Silybum marianum L. Gaertn.) achene yield had a positive response to nitrogen fertilization, row spacing, sowing date, and weed control methods." Industrial Crops and Products 160, no. : 113104.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Land
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Soil tillage intensity influences the chemical composition of soil, the distribution of nutrients, and soil physical and mechanical properties, as well as gas flows. The impact of reduced tillage on these indices in faba bean cultivation is still insufficient and requires more analysis on a global scale. This study was carried out at Vytautas Magnus University, Agriculture Academy (Lithuania) in 2016–2018. The aim of the investigation was to establish the influence of the tillage systems on the soil chemical composition, temperature, moisture content, and CO2 respiration in faba bean cultivation limited by the semi-humid subarctic climate. On the basis of a long-term tillage experiment, five tillage systems were tested: deep and shallow moldboard plowing, deep cultivation-chiseling, shallow cultivation-disking, and no-tillage. Results showed that in conditions of plowless tillage systems, the content of precrops’ residues on the topsoil before the spring tillage was 5 to 15 times higher than in plowed plots. It undoubtedly was for the amount of available nutrients in the soil, soil temperature, and moisture content. Plowless and no-tillage systems could initiate an increase in the amount of available nutrients in soil. The highest concentration of chemical elements was found in no-tilled plots. So faba bean crops could largely increase the composition of potassium and total nitrogen and stabilized CO2 respiration from soil during one vegetative period.

ACS Style

Rasa Kimbirauskienė; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Vilma Naujokienė; Aušra SINKEVIČIENĖ; Egidijus Šarauskis; Sidona Buragienė; Stanisław Bielski. Planosol CO2 Respiration, Chemical and Physical Properties of Differently Tilled Faba Bean Cultivation. Land 2020, 9, 456 .

AMA Style

Rasa Kimbirauskienė, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Vilma Naujokienė, Aušra SINKEVIČIENĖ, Egidijus Šarauskis, Sidona Buragienė, Stanisław Bielski. Planosol CO2 Respiration, Chemical and Physical Properties of Differently Tilled Faba Bean Cultivation. Land. 2020; 9 (11):456.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasa Kimbirauskienė; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Vilma Naujokienė; Aušra SINKEVIČIENĖ; Egidijus Šarauskis; Sidona Buragienė; Stanisław Bielski. 2020. "Planosol CO2 Respiration, Chemical and Physical Properties of Differently Tilled Faba Bean Cultivation." Land 9, no. 11: 456.

Journal article
Published: 05 September 2020 in Energies
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Exploitation of renewable energy sources for power generation has been more and more important in recent years. This results from the economic issues and the measures taken to ensure the energy security. The aim of this research was to determine the significance of renewable energy sources (RES) in the energy mix of Poland, and to elicit the opinions and the level of knowledge of the society on the use and development of non-conventional energy. The article also presents advantages and disadvantages of types of RES, the obstacles which hinder the progress of green energy in Poland, and the proposed measures to expand the share of the RES in the overall energy mix. The research relied on the statistical data gathered by Statistics Poland. The opinions of respondents were elicited through a diagnostic survey based on a questionnaire. The research has demonstrated that the respondents support the development of RES in Poland. However, they also maintain that the purchase and installation of devices for the production of non-conventional energy are too expensive. The respondents believe that in order to increase the number of green power plants, subsidies to encourage RES investment and tax reliefs related to this investment should be bigger.

ACS Style

Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Katarzyna Pik; Krystyna Kurowska. The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix. Energies 2020, 13, 4624 .

AMA Style

Renata Marks-Bielska, Stanisław Bielski, Katarzyna Pik, Krystyna Kurowska. The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix. Energies. 2020; 13 (18):4624.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Katarzyna Pik; Krystyna Kurowska. 2020. "The Importance of Renewable Energy Sources in Poland’s Energy Mix." Energies 13, no. 18: 4624.

Journal article
Published: 15 February 2020 in Agronomy
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Research related to fertilization in winter triticale cultivation was limited to macroelements. The effects of boron on triticale (deficiency or toxicity) affecting productivity are still unknown. In 2013–2015, a field experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. The objective was set response of winter triticale variety Pigmej under the influence of various levels of nitrogen (N) and boron (B) fertilization. Five levels of nitrogen fertilization: 0, 40, 80 (50 + 30), 120 (90 + 30), and 160 (90 + 70) kg ha−1 and four levels of boron fertilization: 0, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 kg ha−1 were tested. The experiment has demonstrated considerable differences in the grain yield volume and structure under the influence of various weather conditions and different doses of nitrogen. The difference between the highest and lowest grain yield was 1.7 t ha−1—53.6%. The effect of boron application was also manifested as an increase in the winter triticale grain yield and improved yield component structure, but the statistically significant differences were observed only in ears number per 1 m2. The highest dose of boron applied in the experiment caused a decrease in the quantity of grain yield and its component parts.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Egidijus Šarauskis. Impact of Nitrogen and Boron Fertilization on Winter Triticale Productivity Parameters. Agronomy 2020, 10, 279 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Egidijus Šarauskis. Impact of Nitrogen and Boron Fertilization on Winter Triticale Productivity Parameters. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (2):279.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Egidijus Šarauskis. 2020. "Impact of Nitrogen and Boron Fertilization on Winter Triticale Productivity Parameters." Agronomy 10, no. 2: 279.

Journal article
Published: 24 October 2019 in Sustainability
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Energy use in agricultural production has been increasing faster than in many other sectors of the world economy. Owing to high energy consumption during the production of agricultural inputs, with mineral nitrogen fertilizers in particular, it is often questioned as to whether agricultural production is still energy efficient. The objective of this research was to evaluate the energy efficiency of different intensity systems for the production of semi-dwarf winter triticale cultivar ”Twingo”. Cultivar “Twingo” entered the Polish National List in 2012 as one of the best yielding. For this reason, it was used in this experiment to examine its response to basic agrotechnical factors. The field experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Experiment Station in Tomaszkowo in 2013–2015. Low-input, medium-input and high-input production systems were evaluated. The compared systems differed in nitrogen fertilization rates and the level of fungicide protection. The highest output/input ratio was noticed growing winter triticale in low-input production system. The most energy-consuming operation during winter triticale production in the compared systems was mineral fertilization. The high-input production system was significantly lower energy efficiency than the other systems (6.21, medium-input 5.95, low-input 8.19). The energy return on investment (EROI) ratio was low, but above 1, in all the analyzed technologies (low-input 1.30, medium-input 1.14, high-input 1.15). The energy value of the bioethanol produced was higher than the energy inputs into the production of raw material and its processing. The conversion of winter triticale grain to bioethanol proved that the EROI reached the most favorable value for the low-input production system.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Anastasija Novikova; Egidijus Šarauskis. Are Higher Input Levels to Triticale Growing Technologies Effective in Biofuel Production System? Sustainability 2019, 11, 5915 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Kęstutis Romaneckas, Anastasija Novikova, Egidijus Šarauskis. Are Higher Input Levels to Triticale Growing Technologies Effective in Biofuel Production System? Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):5915.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Kęstutis Romaneckas; Anastasija Novikova; Egidijus Šarauskis. 2019. "Are Higher Input Levels to Triticale Growing Technologies Effective in Biofuel Production System?" Sustainability 11, no. 21: 5915.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2019 in Sustainability
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Biomass is playing an increasingly important role as a source of renewable energy. The aim of this study has been to identify the potential applicability of straw from agricultural crops to generate energy within the district of Braniewo, in the province Warmia and Mazury, Poland. The study covered the years 2015 to 2017. Based on statistical data, and using appropriate equations and norms, the structure of crop production and the number of livestock in the mentioned district were analysed; the potential production volume of straw was estimated, from which the amount needed for animal production (feed and bedding) was deducted, while the organic substance balance in soil was calculated. An annual average amount of straw remaining to be used for energy purposes in the district of Braniewo is about 41,531 t of straw, equivalent to about 60,222 GJ of energy (24,088 t of coal). In addition to the above analyses, a survey was conducted among local farmers, which showed their opinions about barriers to and opportunities for growing crops for energy purposes and using renewable energy resources. The survey results justify the claim that there is certain potential among farmers in the district of Braniewo to grow crops for energy purposes.

ACS Style

Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Anastasija Novikova; Kęstutis Romaneckas. Straw Stocks as a Source of Renewable Energy. A Case Study of a District in Poland. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4714 .

AMA Style

Renata Marks-Bielska, Stanisław Bielski, Anastasija Novikova, Kęstutis Romaneckas. Straw Stocks as a Source of Renewable Energy. A Case Study of a District in Poland. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4714.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renata Marks-Bielska; Stanisław Bielski; Anastasija Novikova; Kęstutis Romaneckas. 2019. "Straw Stocks as a Source of Renewable Energy. A Case Study of a District in Poland." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4714.

Conference paper
Published: 23 May 2018 in 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development
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ACS Style

Stanislaw Bielski; Marek Marks. Analysis of local agricultural biomass resources in Warmia and Mazury voivodship. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanislaw Bielski, Marek Marks. Analysis of local agricultural biomass resources in Warmia and Mazury voivodship. 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanislaw Bielski; Marek Marks. 2018. "Analysis of local agricultural biomass resources in Warmia and Mazury voivodship." 17th International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 15 February 2018 in Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017"
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The present investigations were undertaken, in which the winter triticale cultivar Twingo was examined, with the aim of analyzing production output, expressed by grain yield and its structure, as affected by different levels of nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation and assess and compare the economic efficiency of production technologies. This research encompassed the results of a three-year (2013-2015) field experiment conducted at the Research Station in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn, Poland. The experiment was set up in a random, split-plot design, with four replications. The first order factor was nitrogen fertilisation (kg ha-1): 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150. The second order factor was the level of magnesium fertilisation (kg ha-1): 0 and 5 kg MgSO4∙7H2O. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the grain yield was significantly affected by the year of the trial, nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation, interaction of the first and second factors was not proven. The method based on the standard gross margin (SGM) was used for the economic evaluation of the three production technology differentiated costs levels. Three technologies with the highest, medium and lowest average yields were selected to the comparison. Differences in compared technologies concerned to the date and dose of nitrogen and magnesium fertilisation. Results showed, that increasing intensity of winter triticale technology in the field trial, caused the higher financial yield value of winter triticale, as well as direct costs and direct surplus. The direct surplus was higher by 24.4% between the lowest and the highest winter triticale technologies. The highest yield technology was characterized by the highest profitability.

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Jan Falkowski. EFFECT OF THE NITROGEN AND MAGNESIUM FERTILISATION ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER TRITICALE PRODUCTION. Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" 2018, 17 -23.

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Jan Falkowski. EFFECT OF THE NITROGEN AND MAGNESIUM FERTILISATION ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER TRITICALE PRODUCTION. Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017". 2018; ():17-23.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Jan Falkowski. 2018. "EFFECT OF THE NITROGEN AND MAGNESIUM FERTILISATION ON YIELD AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WINTER TRITICALE PRODUCTION." Proccedings of International Scientific Conference "RURAL DEVELOPMENT 2017" , no. : 17-23.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2015 in PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY
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ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski. The energy efficiency of production and conversion of winter triticale biomass into biofuels Efektywność energetyczna produkcji i konwersji biomasy pszenżyta ozimego na biopaliwa. PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 2015, 1, 172 -175.

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski. The energy efficiency of production and conversion of winter triticale biomass into biofuels Efektywność energetyczna produkcji i konwersji biomasy pszenżyta ozimego na biopaliwa. PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY. 2015; 1 (10):172-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski. 2015. "The energy efficiency of production and conversion of winter triticale biomass into biofuels Efektywność energetyczna produkcji i konwersji biomasy pszenżyta ozimego na biopaliwa." PRZEMYSŁ CHEMICZNY 1, no. 10: 172-175.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2015 in The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry"
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ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski. THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN POLAND. The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry" 2015, 61, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski. THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN POLAND. The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry". 2015; 61 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski. 2015. "THE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN POLAND." The Journal "Agriculture and Forestry" 61, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Herba Polonica
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Summary In 2007-2009, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn on cv. Promyk pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). The aim of the study was to assess the impact of nitrogen and magnesium in plant growth and development and yield of marigold. The experiment included two factors: nitrogen fertilization (g.pot-1): A-0 (control), B-0.3, C-0.6 (0.6+0), D-0.9 (0.6+0.3), E-1.2 (0.6+0.6) and magnesium fertilization (g.pot-1): a-0 (control), b-0.5. The experimental part of the research was designed according to the independent series method and set up in 4 replicates, 4 pots in one replicate, in modified Kick-Brauckmann pots. The experiment demonstrated a significant effect of nitrogen fertilization on the plants hight, number of pot marigold inflorescences, fresh inflorescences weight, fresh and airdry ligulate weight. Magnesium fertilization had a positive effect on all the analyzed traits. No statistical correlation was proven between the nitrogen and magnesium fertilization

ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski; Beata Szwejkowska. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Herba Polonica 2013, 59, 5 -12.

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski, Beata Szwejkowska. Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.). Herba Polonica. 2013; 59 (2):5-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski; Beata Szwejkowska. 2013. "Effect of fertilization on the development and yields of pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.)." Herba Polonica 59, no. 2: 5-12.

Conference paper
Published: 20 June 2011 in 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015, INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING
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ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski. THE POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN POLAND. 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015, INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING 2011, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski. THE POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN POLAND. 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015, INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING. 2011; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski. 2011. "THE POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL BIOGAS PRODUCTION IN POLAND." 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015, INFORMATICS, GEOINFORMATICS AND REMOTE SENSING , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia
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ACS Style

Stanisław Bielski. Conditions of Biomass Production for Energy Generation Purposes in Poland. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 2011, 10, 1 .

AMA Style

Stanisław Bielski. Conditions of Biomass Production for Energy Generation Purposes in Poland. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia. 2011; 10 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stanisław Bielski. 2011. "Conditions of Biomass Production for Energy Generation Purposes in Poland." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 10, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2007 in Polish Journal of Natural Science
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ACS Style

Beata Szwejkowska; Stanisław Bielski. Comparison of Energetical and Economical Effectiveness of Different Technologies of Pea Production Porównanie Energetycznej I Ekonomicznej Efektywności Różnych Technologii Produkcji Grochu Siewnego. Polish Journal of Natural Science 2007, 22, 373 -381.

AMA Style

Beata Szwejkowska, Stanisław Bielski. Comparison of Energetical and Economical Effectiveness of Different Technologies of Pea Production Porównanie Energetycznej I Ekonomicznej Efektywności Różnych Technologii Produkcji Grochu Siewnego. Polish Journal of Natural Science. 2007; 22 (3):373-381.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Beata Szwejkowska; Stanisław Bielski. 2007. "Comparison of Energetical and Economical Effectiveness of Different Technologies of Pea Production Porównanie Energetycznej I Ekonomicznej Efektywności Różnych Technologii Produkcji Grochu Siewnego." Polish Journal of Natural Science 22, no. 3: 373-381.