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Global warming is impacting the growth and development of economically important but sensitive crops, such as soybean (Glycine max L.). Using pleiotropic signaling molecules, melatonin can relieve the negative effects of high temperature by enhancing plant growth and development as well as modulating the defense system against abiotic stresses. However, less is known about how melatonin regulates the phytohormones and polyamines during heat stress. Our results showed that high temperature significantly increased ROS and decreased photosynthesis efficiency in soybean plants. Conversely, pretreatment with melatonin increased plant growth and photosynthetic pigments (chl a and chl b) and reduced oxidative stress via scavenging hydrogen peroxide and superoxide and reducing the MDA and electrolyte leakage contents. The inherent stress defense responses were further strengthened by the enhanced activities of antioxidants and upregulation of the expression of ascorbate–glutathione cycle genes. Melatonin mitigates heat stress by increasing several biochemicals (phenolics, flavonoids, and proline), as well as the endogenous melatonin and polyamines (spermine, spermidine, and putrescine). Furthermore, the positive effects of melatonin treatment also correlated with a reduced abscisic acid content, down-regulation of the gmNCED3, and up-regulation of catabolic genes (CYP707A1 and CYP707A2) during heat stress. Contrarily, an increase in salicylic acid and up-regulated expression of the defense-related gene PAL2 were revealed. In addition, melatonin induced the expression of heat shock protein 90 (gmHsp90) and heat shock transcription factor (gmHsfA2), suggesting promotion of ROS detoxification via the hydrogen peroxide-mediated signaling pathway. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin improves the thermotolerance of soybean plants and enhances plant growth and development by activating antioxidant defense mechanisms, interacting with plant hormones, and reprogramming the biochemical metabolism.
Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Murtaza Khan; Byung-Wook Yun; Abdul Latif Khan; In-Jung Lee. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules 2021, 26, 5116 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Imran, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Murtaza Khan, Byung-Wook Yun, Abdul Latif Khan, In-Jung Lee. Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis. Molecules. 2021; 26 (17):5116.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Imran; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Murtaza Khan; Byung-Wook Yun; Abdul Latif Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2021. "Melatonin Ameliorates Thermotolerance in Soybean Seedling through Balancing Redox Homeostasis and Modulating Antioxidant Defense, Phytohormones and Polyamines Biosynthesis." Molecules 26, no. 17: 5116.
There is compelling evidence that drug molecules isolated from natural sources are hindered by low systemic bioavailability, poor absorption, and rapid elimination from the human body. Novel approaches are urgently needed that could enhance the retention time as well as the efficacy of natural products in the body. Among the various adopted approaches to meet this ever-increasing demand, nanoformulations show the most fascinating way of improving the bioavailability of dietary phytochemicals through modifying their pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Curcumin, a yellowish pigment isolated from dried ground rhizomes of turmeric, exhibits tremendous pharmacological effects, including anticancer activities. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that curcumin mediates anticancer effects through the modulation (upregulation and/or downregulations) of several intracellular signaling pathways both at protein and mRNA levels. Scientists have introduced multiple modern techniques and novel dosage forms for enhancing the delivery, bioavailability, and efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of various malignancies. These novel dosage forms include nanoparticles, liposomes, micelles, phospholipids, and curcumin-encapsulated polymer nanoparticles. Nanocurcumin has shown improved anticancer effects compared to conventional curcumin formulations. This review discusses the underlying molecular mechanism of various nanoformulations of curcumin for the treatment of different cancers. We hope that this study will make a road map for preclinical and clinical investigations of cancer and recommend nano curcumin as a drug of choice for cancer therapy.
Kholood Abid Janjua; Adeeb Shehzad; Raheem Shahzad; Salman Ul Islam; Mazhar Ul Islam. Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2020, 26, 5783 -5792.
AMA StyleKholood Abid Janjua, Adeeb Shehzad, Raheem Shahzad, Salman Ul Islam, Mazhar Ul Islam. Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2020; 26 (45):5783-5792.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKholood Abid Janjua; Adeeb Shehzad; Raheem Shahzad; Salman Ul Islam; Mazhar Ul Islam. 2020. "Nanocurcumin: A Double-Edged Sword for Microcancers." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 45: 5783-5792.
Information on the use of endophytic bacteria as a bio-herbicide for the management of weed control in agricultural fields is limited. The current study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria from evening primroses and to screen them for their bio-herbicidal activity. Two isolated endophytic bacteria (Pantoea dispersa YNA11 and Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12) were initially screened for citrate utilization and for indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and catalase production. The preliminary biochemical assessment showed YNA12 as a positive strain. Ammonia, catalase, and IAA in its culture filtrate were quantified. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy- Selective Ion Monitoring (GC/MS-SIM) analysis revealed the production of IAA by YNA12 in a time-dependent manner. YNA12 also exhibited significant ammonia-producing potential and catalase activity against hydrogen peroxide. The YNA12 culture filtrate significantly inhibited the germination rate of evening primrose seeds, resulting in a marked reduction in seedling length and biomass compared with those of the control seeds. Moreover, the culture filtrate of YNA12 significantly accelerated the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) production and catalase activity of evening primrose seedlings. Macronutrient regulation was adversely affected in the seedlings exposed to the culture filtrate of YNA12, leading to inhibition of seed germination. The current results suggest that endophytic YNA12 may be used as a potent bio-herbicidal agent for controlling weed growth and development.
Sang-Mo Kang; Saqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Yu-Na Kim; Chang-Wook Park; Ko-Eun Lee; Jeong-Ran Lee; In-Jung Lee. Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses. Plants 2020, 9, 761 .
AMA StyleSang-Mo Kang, Saqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Yu-Na Kim, Chang-Wook Park, Ko-Eun Lee, Jeong-Ran Lee, In-Jung Lee. Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses. Plants. 2020; 9 (6):761.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Mo Kang; Saqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Yu-Na Kim; Chang-Wook Park; Ko-Eun Lee; Jeong-Ran Lee; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Effect of Ammonia and Indole-3-acetic Acid Producing Endophytic Klebsiella pneumoniae YNA12 as a Bio-Herbicide for Weed Inhibition: Special Reference with Evening Primroses." Plants 9, no. 6: 761.
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria is economically viable and environmentally safe for mitigating various plant stresses. Abiotic stresses such as flood and drought are a serious threat to present day agriculture. In the present study, the indole-3-acetic acid-producing rhizobacterium R. sphaeroides KE149 was selected, and its effect on the growth of adzuki bean plants was investigated under flood stress (FS) and drought stress (DS). IAA quantification of bacterial pure culture revealed that KE149 produced significant amount of IAA. KE149 inoculation significantly decreased stress-responsive endogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid and increased salicylic acid in plants under DS and FS. KE149 inoculation also increased proline under DS and methionine under FS. Moreover, KE149 inoculation significantly increased the calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) content and lowered the sodium (Na) content in the plant shoot under stress. KE149-treated plants had significantly higher root length, shoot length, stem diameter, biomass, and chlorophyll content under both normal and stressed conditions. These results suggest that KE149 could be an efficient biofertilizer for mitigating water stress.
Sang-Mo Kang; Arjun Adhikari; Ko-Eun Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana And In-Jung Lee. Inoculation with Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Rhizospheric Rhodobacter sphaeroides KE149 Augments Growth of Adzuki Bean Plants Under Water Stress. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 2020, 30, 717 -725.
AMA StyleSang-Mo Kang, Arjun Adhikari, Ko-Eun Lee, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Abdul Latif Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana, Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana And In-Jung Lee. Inoculation with Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Rhizospheric Rhodobacter sphaeroides KE149 Augments Growth of Adzuki Bean Plants Under Water Stress. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2020; 30 (5):717-725.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Mo Kang; Arjun Adhikari; Ko-Eun Lee; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana; Sanjeev Kumar Dhungana And In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Inoculation with Indole-3-Acetic Acid-Producing Rhizospheric Rhodobacter sphaeroides KE149 Augments Growth of Adzuki Bean Plants Under Water Stress." Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 30, no. 5: 717-725.
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is a good source of natural antioxidants and commonly consumed as fermented products such as cheonggukjang, miso, tempeh, and sufu in Asian countries. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of novel endophytic bacterial strain, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 as a starter for soybean fermentation. During fermentation, the cooked soybeans were inoculated with different concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) of B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1. The changes in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents, isoflavones (Daidzin, Genistin, Glycitin, Daidzein, Glycitein, and Genistein), amino acids (aspartic acid, threonine, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, alanine, cysteine, valine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, lysine, histidine, arginine, and proline) composition, and minerals (calcium, copper, iron, potassium, magnesium, manganese, sodium, nickel, lead, arsenic, and zinc) were investigated. The level of antioxidants, total phenolic contents, isoflavones, and total amino acids were higher in fermented soybean inoculated with 1% B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 after 60 h of fermentation as compared to control, 3% and 5% B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1. Additionally, fermented soybean inoculated with 5% B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 showed the highest values for mineral contents. Changes in antioxidant activities and bioactive compounds depended on the concentration of the strain used for fermentation. From these results, we conclude that fermented soybean has strong antioxidant activity, probably due to its increased total phenolic contents and aglycone isoflavone that resulted from fermentation. Such natural antioxidants could be used in drug and food industries and can be considered to alleviate oxidative stress.
Raheem Shahzad; Adeeb Shehzad; Saqib Bilal; In-Jung Lee. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 as a New Potential Strain for Augmenting Biochemical and Nutritional Composition of Fermented Soybean. Molecules 2020, 25, 2346 .
AMA StyleRaheem Shahzad, Adeeb Shehzad, Saqib Bilal, In-Jung Lee. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 as a New Potential Strain for Augmenting Biochemical and Nutritional Composition of Fermented Soybean. Molecules. 2020; 25 (10):2346.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaheem Shahzad; Adeeb Shehzad; Saqib Bilal; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 as a New Potential Strain for Augmenting Biochemical and Nutritional Composition of Fermented Soybean." Molecules 25, no. 10: 2346.
Date palm is one of the most economically vital fruit crops in North African and Middle East countries, including Oman. A controlled experiment was conducted to investigate the integrative effects of silicon (Si) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on date palm growth and heat stress. The exogenous application of Si and GA3 significantly promoted plant growth attributes under heat stress (44 ± 1 °C). The hormonal modulation (abscisic acid [ABA] and salicylic acid [SA]), antioxidant accumulation, and the expression of abiotic stress-related genes were evaluated. Interestingly, heat-induced oxidative stress was markedly reduced by the integrative effects of Si and GA3 when compared to their sole application, with significant reductions in superoxide anions and lipid peroxidation. The reduction of oxidative stress was attributed to the enhancement of polyphenol oxidase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities as well as the upregulation of their synthesis related genes expression viz. GPX2, CAT, Cyt-Cu/Zn SOD, and glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GAPDH). The results showed the activation of heat shock factor related genes (especially HsfA3) during exogenous Si and GA3 as compared to the control. Furthermore, the transcript accumulation of ABA signaling-related genes (PYL4, PYL8, and PYR1) were significantly reduced with the combined treatment of Si and GA3, leading to reduced production of ABA and, subsequently, SA antagonism via its increased accumulation. These findings suggest that the combined application of Si and GA3 facilitate plant growth and metabolic regulation, impart tolerance against stress, and offers novel stress alleviating strategies for a green revolution in sustainable food security.
Adil Khan; Saqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Imran; Raheem Shahzad; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; Masood Al-Azhri; Tapan Kumar Mohanta; In-Jung Lee. Silicon and Gibberellins: Synergistic Function in Harnessing ABA Signaling and Heat Stress Tolerance in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Plants 2020, 9, 620 .
AMA StyleAdil Khan, Saqib Bilal, Abdul Latif Khan, Muhammad Imran, Raheem Shahzad, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Masood Al-Azhri, Tapan Kumar Mohanta, In-Jung Lee. Silicon and Gibberellins: Synergistic Function in Harnessing ABA Signaling and Heat Stress Tolerance in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (5):620.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdil Khan; Saqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Imran; Raheem Shahzad; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; Masood Al-Azhri; Tapan Kumar Mohanta; In-Jung Lee. 2020. "Silicon and Gibberellins: Synergistic Function in Harnessing ABA Signaling and Heat Stress Tolerance in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)." Plants 9, no. 5: 620.
This study aimed to investigate the bioremediation efficiency of phytohormone-producing endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 isolated from rice seeds. In this study, we tested RWL-1 against various heavy metals (Cu, Cr, Pb, and Cd). Among the tested heavy metals, RWL-1 showed the highest tolerance for Cu stress and we observed alterations in growth kinetics with various Cu concentrations (1, 2.5, and 5 mM). We confirmed the biosorption potential of RWL-1 by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry showing that Cu ions were adsorbed on RWL-1 cell surfaces. We further tested RWL-1 for its plant growth promoting and stress reliance efficiency in response to a dose-dependent increase in soil Cu (1, 2.5, and 5 mM). The RWL-1 inoculation significantly increased seedling biomass and growth attributes compared with non-inoculated control seedlings with and without Cu stress. Moreover, RWL-1 inoculation significantly promoted a physiochemical response in seedlings with and without Cu stress by reducing Cu uptake, improving carbohydrate levels (glucose, sucrose, fructose, and raffinose), enhancing amino acids regulation, and augmenting antioxidant levels (POD, PPO, and GHS). Levels of stress-responsive phytohormones such as abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid were significantly reduced in RWL-1-inoculated seedlings as compared with non-inoculated control seedlings under normal condition and same levels of Cu stress. In conclusion, the inoculation of B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 can significantly improve plant growth in Cu-contaminated soil and reduce metal accumulation, thus making plants safer for consumption. This approach could be tremendously helpful for safe and sustainable agriculture in heavy metal-contaminated areas.
Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Muhammad Imran; Abdul Latif Khan; Areej Ahmed Alosaimi; Hussah Abdullah Al-Shwyeh; Hanan Almahasheer; Suriya Rehman; In-Jung Lee; Areej Ahmed Alosimi; Hussah Abdullah Al-Shuyeh. Amelioration of heavy metal stress by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in rice by regulating metabolic changes: potential for bacterial bioremediation. Biochemical Journal 2019, 476, 3385 -3400.
AMA StyleRaheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Muhammad Imran, Abdul Latif Khan, Areej Ahmed Alosaimi, Hussah Abdullah Al-Shwyeh, Hanan Almahasheer, Suriya Rehman, In-Jung Lee, Areej Ahmed Alosimi, Hussah Abdullah Al-Shuyeh. Amelioration of heavy metal stress by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in rice by regulating metabolic changes: potential for bacterial bioremediation. Biochemical Journal. 2019; 476 (21):3385-3400.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Muhammad Imran; Abdul Latif Khan; Areej Ahmed Alosaimi; Hussah Abdullah Al-Shwyeh; Hanan Almahasheer; Suriya Rehman; In-Jung Lee; Areej Ahmed Alosimi; Hussah Abdullah Al-Shuyeh. 2019. "Amelioration of heavy metal stress by endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in rice by regulating metabolic changes: potential for bacterial bioremediation." Biochemical Journal 476, no. 21: 3385-3400.
Recently, the use of endophytic fungi for promoting growth and alleviating abiotic stress has gained considerable attention. However, the association of compatible endophytic fungi with crop plants under simultaneous effects of abiotic stresses is less explored. The current study elucidated the interactive effects of hormone (gibberellins and indole-3-acetic acid)-producing and combined multi-abiotic stresses (heavy metals; Ni, Cd, and Al, drought resistant, high temperature) resistant Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 on Glycine max L. under heavy metals (Ni, Cd, and Al), high temperature and drought (HTD) stress. Results revealed that the co-inoculation of LHL10 and LHL06 promoted plant growth attributes and photosynthetic activity as well as glutathione, catalase, and SOD activities and decreased lipid peroxidation by enhancing macronutrient uptake under HTD stress. Additionally, the co-inoculation reduced metal accumulation and translocation in plants by down-regulating heavy metal ATPase gene (GmHMA13, GmHMA14, and GmHMA18) expression. Furthermore, the regulation of drought-related GmDREB2, GmDREB1B, GmERD1, GmRD20, and heat shock protein 90 (GmHsp90A2 and GmHsp90A1) gene expression in co-inoculated plants reduced endogenous abscisic acid and jasmonic acid levels and positively affected plant development under HTD stress. The duo of LHL10 and LHL06 proved to be a vital strategy for the development of G. max in metal-contaminated soil in semiarid and high-temperature conditions for sustainable agriculture.
Saqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Muhammad Imran; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. Synergistic association of endophytic fungi enhances Glycine max L. resilience to combined abiotic stresses: Heavy metals, high temperature and drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products 2019, 143, 111931 .
AMA StyleSaqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Muhammad Imran, Rahmatullah Jan, Kyung Min Kim, In-Jung Lee. Synergistic association of endophytic fungi enhances Glycine max L. resilience to combined abiotic stresses: Heavy metals, high temperature and drought stress. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019; 143 ():111931.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Muhammad Imran; Rahmatullah Jan; Kyung Min Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Synergistic association of endophytic fungi enhances Glycine max L. resilience to combined abiotic stresses: Heavy metals, high temperature and drought stress." Industrial Crops and Products 143, no. : 111931.
Neodymium (Nd)-substituted cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs), i.e., CoNdxFe2−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) NPs, were synthesized by the sonochemical method. The compositional characterization was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Antistaphylococcal activity was found to be enhanced, i.e., survival rate was 50%, 45%, 40%, and 30% with the increase in the ratio of Nd (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2), whereas anticandidal activity was found efficient, i.e., 9%, 20%, 22%, and 40% survival rate at all the four ratios. The morphogenesis studies indicated that the synthesized metal–ligand, improves the antimicrobial capacity by binding them strongly to the microbial walls. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which demonstrates the series of CoNdxFe2−xO4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) NPs being active towards Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans and encourages its potential candidature for pharmaceutical and biomedical purposes.
Suriya Rehman; Mohammad Azam Ansari; Mohammad A. Alzohairy; Mohammad N. Alomary; B. Rabindran Jermy; Raheem Shahzad; Neda Tashkandi; Zainab Hassan AlSalem. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Novel Synthesized Neodymium-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application. Processes 2019, 7, 714 .
AMA StyleSuriya Rehman, Mohammad Azam Ansari, Mohammad A. Alzohairy, Mohammad N. Alomary, B. Rabindran Jermy, Raheem Shahzad, Neda Tashkandi, Zainab Hassan AlSalem. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Novel Synthesized Neodymium-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application. Processes. 2019; 7 (10):714.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSuriya Rehman; Mohammad Azam Ansari; Mohammad A. Alzohairy; Mohammad N. Alomary; B. Rabindran Jermy; Raheem Shahzad; Neda Tashkandi; Zainab Hassan AlSalem. 2019. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Novel Synthesized Neodymium-Substituted Cobalt Ferrite Nanoparticles for Biomedical Application." Processes 7, no. 10: 714.
This study investigates the stress-mitigating effects of endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 on soybean roots via modulation of physio-biochemical, molecular, and proteomic responses to combined heavy metal (Ni, Cu, Pb, Cr, and Al) toxicity. Preliminary screening revealed that LHL06 can tolerate and remediate combined heavy metal contamination in its media and upregulate gibberellins (GA1, GA3, GA4, GA7 and GA9) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Inoculation of LHL06 resulted in marked reduction of metals uptake in roots and shoots by downregulating heavy metal ATPase genes (GmHMA13, GmHMA14, GmHMA19) and GmMATE1 compared to non-inoculated plants; in turn, this decreased abscisic acid and jasmonic acid levels. Moreover, triggering of free amino acid metabolism in LHL06-inoculated roots significantly upregulated expression of stress-related proteins (glutathione S-transferase L3, isoflavone reductase-like, chalcone isomerase A, NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone), FQR1-like 1 isoform X2, and Peroxidase 3) to combat metals toxicity. Compared to non-inoculated-plants, LHL06-inoculated-plants exhibited higher antioxidant activity and transcript accumulation of glutathione S-transferase (GmGST8 and GmGST3), G6PDH, and GmSOD1[Cu-Zn], which decreased metal-induced reactive oxygen species. Therefore, LHL06-inoculation remediate combined metal contamination in soil, activate signaling network of stress-responsive hormones and antioxidant systems for promoting growth and tolerance, and reduce metal-accumulation, thereby making plants safer for consumption.
Saqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Abdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Chang Kil Kim; In-Jung Lee. Phytohormones enabled endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 protects Glycine max L. from synergistic toxicity of heavy metals by hormonal and stress-responsive proteins modulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2019, 379, 120824 .
AMA StyleSaqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Abdul Latif Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Chang Kil Kim, In-Jung Lee. Phytohormones enabled endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 protects Glycine max L. from synergistic toxicity of heavy metals by hormonal and stress-responsive proteins modulation. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2019; 379 ():120824.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Abdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Chang Kil Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Phytohormones enabled endophytic Penicillium funiculosum LHL06 protects Glycine max L. from synergistic toxicity of heavy metals by hormonal and stress-responsive proteins modulation." Journal of Hazardous Materials 379, no. : 120824.
The utilization of plant growth-promoting microbes is an environment friendly strategy to counteract stressful condition and encourage plants tolerance. In this regards, the current study was designed to isolate ACC deaminase and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) producing halotolerant bacteria to promote tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) growth and tolerance against salinity stress. The selected bacterial isolate MO1 was identified as Leclercia adecarboxylata and IAA quantification results revealed that MO1 produced significant amount of IAA (9.815 ± 0.6293 μg mL− 1). The MO1 showed the presence of ACC (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate) deaminase responsible acdS gene and tolerance against salinity stress. A plant microbe interaction experiment using tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) with glycine betaine (GB) as a positive control was carried out to investigate the positive role MO1 in improving plant growth and stress tolerance. The results indicated that MO1 inoculation and GB application significantly increased growth attributes under normal as well as saline condition (120 mM NaCl). The MO1 inoculation and GB treatment approach conferred good protection against salinity stress by significantly improving glucose by 17.57 and 18.76%, sucrose by 34.2 and 12.49%, fructose by 19.9 and 10.9%, citric acid by 47.48 and 34.57%, malic acid by 52.19 and 28.38%, serine by 43.78 and 69.42%, glycine by 14.48 and 22.76%, methionine by 100 and 124.99%, threonine by 70 and 63.08%, and proline by 36.92 and 48.38%, respectively, while under normal conditions MO1 inoculation and GB treatment also enhanced glucose by 19.83 and 13.19%, sucrose by 23.43 and 15.75%, fructose by 15.79 and 8.18%, citric acid by 43.26 and 33.14%, malic acid by 36.18 and 14.48%, serine by 46.5 and 48.55%, glycine by 19.85 and 29.77%, methionine by 22.22 and 38.89%, threonine by 21.95 and 17.07%, and proline by 29.61 and 34.68% compared to levels in non-treated plants, respectively. In addition, the endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) level was noticeably lower in MO1-inoculated (30.28 and 30.04%) and GB-treated plants (45 and 35.35%) compared to their corresponding control plants under normal condition as well as salinity stress, respectively. The current findings suggest that the IAA- and ACC-deaminase-producing abilities MO1 can improve plants tolerance to salinity stress.
Sang-Mo Kang; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Yeon-Gyeong Park; Ko-Eun Lee; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. Indole-3-acetic-acid and ACC deaminase producing Leclercia adecarboxylata MO1 improves Solanum lycopersicum L. growth and salinity stress tolerance by endogenous secondary metabolites regulation. BMC Microbiology 2019, 19, 1 -14.
AMA StyleSang-Mo Kang, Raheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Abdul Latif Khan, Yeon-Gyeong Park, Ko-Eun Lee, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, In-Jung Lee. Indole-3-acetic-acid and ACC deaminase producing Leclercia adecarboxylata MO1 improves Solanum lycopersicum L. growth and salinity stress tolerance by endogenous secondary metabolites regulation. BMC Microbiology. 2019; 19 (1):1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSang-Mo Kang; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Yeon-Gyeong Park; Ko-Eun Lee; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Indole-3-acetic-acid and ACC deaminase producing Leclercia adecarboxylata MO1 improves Solanum lycopersicum L. growth and salinity stress tolerance by endogenous secondary metabolites regulation." BMC Microbiology 19, no. 1: 1-14.
Methanol utilization by bacteria is important for various industrial processes. Methylotrophic bacteria are taxonomically diverse and some species promote plant growth and induce stress tolerance. However, methylotrophic potential of bacterial endophytes is poorly understood. The current study aimed to evaluate the metabolomic and proteomic changes in endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 caused by its methanol utilization and the resultant influence on its phytohormone production. B. amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 was grown in LB medium with different concentrations [0 (control), 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5, and 4%) of methanol to examine its methylotrophic potential. SDS-PAGE analysis was carried out for bacterial protein confirmation. Moreover, the phytohormones (indole 3 acetic acid (IAA), gibberellins (GAs), abscisic acid (ABA)) produced by RWL-1 in methanol supplemented medium were quantified by GC-MS/SIM (6890N Network GC system, and 5973 Network Mass Selective Detector; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA), while the antioxidants were estimated spectrophotometrically (T60 UV-VIS spectrophotometer, Leicester, UK). The amino acid quantification was carried out by amino acid analyzer (HITACHI L-8900, Japan). Furthermore, Nano-liquid chromatography (LC)–MS/MS analysis was performed with an Agilent system (Wilmington, DE, USA) for proteomic analysis while mascot algorithm (Matrix science, USA) was used to identify peptide sequences present in the protein sequence database. RWL-1 showed significant growth in media supplemented with 2 and 3.5% methanol, when compared with other concentrations. Mass spectroscopy analysis revealed that RWL-1 utilizes methanol efficiently as a carbon source. In the presence of methanol, RWL-1 produced significantly higher levels of IAA but lower levels of ABA, when compared with the control. Further, enzymatic antioxidants and functional amino acids were significantly up-regulated, with predominant expression of glutamic acid and alanine. Nano-liquid chromatography, quadrupole time-of-flight analysis, and quantitative analysis of methanol-treated bacterial cells showed expression of eight different types of proteins, including detoxification proteins, unrecognized and unclassified enzymes with antioxidant properties, proteases, metabolism enzymes, ribosomal proteins, antioxidant proteins, chaperones, and heat shock proteins. Results demonstrate that RWL-1 can significantly enhance its growth by utilizing methanol, and could produce phytohormones when growing in methanol-supplemented media, with increased expression of specific proteins and different biochemicals. These results will be useful in devising strategies for utilizing methylotrophic bacterial endophytes as alternative promoters of plant growth. Understanding RWL-1 ability to utilize methanol. The survival and phytohormones production by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 in methanol supplemented media whistle inducing metabolic and proteomic changes.
Raheem Shahzad; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Waqas; Ihsan Ullah; Saqib Bilal; Yoon-Ha Kim; Sajjad Asaf; Sang-Mo Kang; In-Jung Lee. Metabolic and proteomic alteration in phytohormone-producing endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 during methanol utilization. Metabolomics 2019, 15, 16 .
AMA StyleRaheem Shahzad, Abdul Latif Khan, Muhammad Waqas, Ihsan Ullah, Saqib Bilal, Yoon-Ha Kim, Sajjad Asaf, Sang-Mo Kang, In-Jung Lee. Metabolic and proteomic alteration in phytohormone-producing endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 during methanol utilization. Metabolomics. 2019; 15 (2):16.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaheem Shahzad; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Waqas; Ihsan Ullah; Saqib Bilal; Yoon-Ha Kim; Sajjad Asaf; Sang-Mo Kang; In-Jung Lee. 2019. "Metabolic and proteomic alteration in phytohormone-producing endophytic Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RWL-1 during methanol utilization." Metabolomics 15, no. 2: 16.
Boswellia sacra, an endemic tree to Oman, is exposed to man-made incisions for commercial level frankincense production, whereas unsustainable harvesting may lead to population decline. In this case, assessment of endogenous phytohormones (gibberellic acid (GA), indole-acetic acid (IAA), salicylic acid (SA) and kinetin) can help to understand population health and growth dynamics. Hence, it was aimed to devise a robust method using Near-Infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) coupled with multivariate methods for phytohormone analysis of thirteen different populations of B. sacra. NIRS data was recorded in absorption mode (10000–4000 cm-1) to build partial least squares regression model (calibration set 70%). Model was externally cross validated (30%) as a test set to check their prediction ability before the application to quantify the unknown amount of phytohormones in thirteen different populations of B. sacra. The results showed that phytohormonal contents varied significantly, showing a trend of SA>GA/IAA>kinetin across different populations. SA and GA contents were significantly higher in Pop13 (Hasik), followed by Pop2 (Dowkah)–an extreme end of B. sacra tree cover in Dhofar region. A similar trend in the concentration of phytohormones was found when the samples from 13 populations were subjected to advance liquid chromatography mass spectrophotometer and gas chromatograph with selected ion monitor analysis. The current analysis provides alternative tool to assess plant health, which could be important to in situ propagation of tree population as well as monitoring tree population growth dynamics.
Abdul Latif Khan; Fazal Mabood; Fazal Akber; Amjad Ali; Raheem Shahzad; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; Zabta Khan Shinwari; In-Jung Lee. Endogenous phytohormones of frankincense producing Boswellia sacra tree populations. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0207910 .
AMA StyleAbdul Latif Khan, Fazal Mabood, Fazal Akber, Amjad Ali, Raheem Shahzad, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, Zabta Khan Shinwari, In-Jung Lee. Endogenous phytohormones of frankincense producing Boswellia sacra tree populations. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (12):e0207910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Latif Khan; Fazal Mabood; Fazal Akber; Amjad Ali; Raheem Shahzad; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; Zabta Khan Shinwari; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Endogenous phytohormones of frankincense producing Boswellia sacra tree populations." PLOS ONE 13, no. 12: e0207910.
Waterlogging (WL) is a key factor hindering soybean crop productivity worldwide. Plants utilize various hormones to avoid various stress conditions, including WL stress; however, the physiological mechanisms are still not fully understood. To identify physiological mechanisms during WL stress, different phytohormones, such as ethephon (ETP; donor source of ethylene), abscisic acid, gibberellins, indole-3-acetic acid, kinetin, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid were exogenously applied to soybean plants. Through this experiment, we confirmed the beneficial effects of ETP treatment. Thus, we selected ETP as a candidate hormone to mitigate WL. Further mechanistic investigation of the role of ETP in waterlogging tolerance was carried out. Results showed that ETP application mitigated WL stress, significantly improved the photosynthesis pigment, and increased the contents of endogenous GAs compared to those in untreated plants. The amino acid contents during WL stress were significantly activated by EPT treatments. The amino acid contents were significantly higher in the 100 μM ETP-treated soybean plants than in the control. ETP application induced adventitious root initiation, increased root surface area, and significantly increased the expressions of glutathione transferases and relative glutathione activity compared to those of non-ETP-treated plants. ETP-treated soybeans produced a higher up-regulation of protein content and glutathione S-transferase (GSTs) than did soybeans under the WL only treatment. In conclusion, the current results suggest that ETP application enabled various biochemical and transcriptional modulations. In particular, ETP application could stimulate the higher expression of GST3 and GST8. Thus, increased GST3 and GST8 induced 1) increased GSH activity, 2) decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS), 3) mitigation of cell damage in photosynthetic apparatus, and 4) improved phenotype consecutively.
Yoonha Kim; Chang-Woo Seo; Abdul Latif Khan; Bong-Gyu Mun; Raheem Shahzad; Jeung-Woo Ko; Byung-Wook Yun; Soon-Ki Park; In-Jung Lee. Exo-ethylene application mitigates waterlogging stress in soybean (Glycine max L.). BMC Plant Biology 2018, 18, 254 .
AMA StyleYoonha Kim, Chang-Woo Seo, Abdul Latif Khan, Bong-Gyu Mun, Raheem Shahzad, Jeung-Woo Ko, Byung-Wook Yun, Soon-Ki Park, In-Jung Lee. Exo-ethylene application mitigates waterlogging stress in soybean (Glycine max L.). BMC Plant Biology. 2018; 18 (1):254.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYoonha Kim; Chang-Woo Seo; Abdul Latif Khan; Bong-Gyu Mun; Raheem Shahzad; Jeung-Woo Ko; Byung-Wook Yun; Soon-Ki Park; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Exo-ethylene application mitigates waterlogging stress in soybean (Glycine max L.)." BMC Plant Biology 18, no. 1: 254.
The compatible microbial consortia containing fungal and bacterial symbionts acting synergistically are applied to improve plant growth and eco-physiological responses in extreme crop growth conditions. However, the interactive effects of phytohormones-producing endophytic fungal and bacterial symbionts plant growth and stress tolerance under heavy metal stress have been least known. In the current study, the phytohormones-producing endophytic Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Sphingomonas sp. LK11 revealed potent growth and tolerance during their initial screening against combined Al and Zn (2.5 mM each) stress. This was followed with their co-inoculation in the Al- and Zn-stressed Glycine max L. plants, showing significantly higher plant growth attributes (shoot/root length, fresh/dry weight, and chlorophyll content) than the plants solely inoculated with LHL10 or LK11 and the non-inoculated (control) plants under metal stresses. Interestingly, under metal stress, the consortia exhibited lower metal uptake and inhibited metal transport in roots. Metal-induced oxidative stresses were modulated in co-inoculated plants through reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) in comparison to the non-inoculated plants. In addition, endophytic co-inoculation enhanced plant macronutrient uptake (P, K, S, and N) and modulated soil enzymatic activities under stress conditions. It significantly downregulated the expression of heavy metal ATPase genes GmHMA13, GmHMA18, GmHMA19, and GmPHA1 and upregulated the expression of an ariadne-like ubiquitin ligase gene GmARI1 under heavy metals stress. Furthermore, the endogenous phytohormonal contents of co-inoculated plants revealed significantly enhanced gibberellins and reduced abscisic acid and jasmonic acid contents, suggesting that this endophytic interaction mitigated the adverse effect of metal stresses in host plants. In conclusion, the co-inoculation of the endophytic fungus LHL10 and bacteria LK11 actively contributed to the tripartite mutualistic symbiosis in G. max under heavy metal stresses; this could be used an excellent strategy for sustainable agriculture in the heavy metal-contaminated fields.
Saqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Abdul L. Khan; Sang-Mo Kang; Qari M. Imran; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Byung-Wook Yun; In-Jung Lee. Endophytic Microbial Consortia of Phytohormones-Producing Fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Bacteria Sphingomonas sp. LK11 to Glycine max L. Regulates Physio-hormonal Changes to Attenuate Aluminum and Zinc Stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science 2018, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleSaqib Bilal, Raheem Shahzad, Abdul L. Khan, Sang-Mo Kang, Qari M. Imran, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Byung-Wook Yun, In-Jung Lee. Endophytic Microbial Consortia of Phytohormones-Producing Fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Bacteria Sphingomonas sp. LK11 to Glycine max L. Regulates Physio-hormonal Changes to Attenuate Aluminum and Zinc Stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2018; 9 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaqib Bilal; Raheem Shahzad; Abdul L. Khan; Sang-Mo Kang; Qari M. Imran; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Byung-Wook Yun; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Endophytic Microbial Consortia of Phytohormones-Producing Fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 and Bacteria Sphingomonas sp. LK11 to Glycine max L. Regulates Physio-hormonal Changes to Attenuate Aluminum and Zinc Stresses." Frontiers in Plant Science 9, no. : 1.
Endophytic fungi have been used to obtain novel bioactive secondary metabolites with potential applications in medical and agricultural sectors, which can also act as lead targets for pharmaceutical and medicinal potential. In the present study, the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 isolated from the root of cucumber plant was tested for its enzyme inhibitory potential. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of LHL10 was screened for its inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α-glucosidase, urease, and anti-lipid peroxidation. The findings suggest that the EtOAc extract from LHL10 possesses significant inhibitory potential against urease and α-glucosidase. The EtOAc extract was thus, subjected to advanced column chromatographic techniques for the isolation of pure compounds. The structure elucidation was carried out through spectroscopic analysis and comparison with literature data, and these compounds were confirmed as known a sester-terpenoid (1) and a known cyclic peptide (2). The enzyme inhibition bioassay indicated that Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited remarkable inhibitory rate against α-glucosidase and urease, with an IC50 value of 61.80 ± 5.7, 75.68 ± 6.2 and 74.25 ± 4.3, 190.5 ± 10.31 µg/g, respectively. Thus, the current study concludes the enzyme inhibitory potential of endophyte LHL10 and provides the basis for further investigations of bioactive compounds, which could be used as potent drugs for enzyme inhibition.
Saqib Bilal; Liaqat Ali; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; Sang-Kuk Kim; In-Jung Lee. Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Archives of Microbiology 2018, 200, 1493 -1502.
AMA StyleSaqib Bilal, Liaqat Ali, Abdul Latif Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Sajjad Asaf, Muhammad Imran, Sang-Mo Kang, Sang-Kuk Kim, In-Jung Lee. Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities. Archives of Microbiology. 2018; 200 (10):1493-1502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaqib Bilal; Liaqat Ali; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Sajjad Asaf; Muhammad Imran; Sang-Mo Kang; Sang-Kuk Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LHL10 produces sester-terpenoid YW3548 and cyclic peptide that inhibit urease and α-glucosidase enzyme activities." Archives of Microbiology 200, no. 10: 1493-1502.
Chromium Cr(VI) is highly toxic and leads to impaired phenotypic plasticity of economically important crops. The current study assessed an endophytic-bacteria assisted metal bio-remediation strategy to understand stress-alleviating mechanisms in Glycine max L (soybean) plants inoculated with Sphingomonas sp. LK11 under severe Cr(VI) toxicity. The screening analysis showed that high Cr concentrations (5.0 mM) slightly suppressed LK11 growth and metal uptake by LK11 cells, while significantly enhancing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) production. Endophytic LK11 significantly upregulated its antioxidant system compared to control by enhancing reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities to counteract Cr-induced oxidative stress. Cr toxicity induced cell morphological alteration, as shown by SEM-EDX analysis and triggered significant lipid peroxidation. The interaction between LK11 and soybean in Cr-contaminated soil significantly increased plant growth attributes and down-regulated the synthesis of endogenous defense-related phytohormones, salicylic acid and abscisic acid, by 20% and 37%, respectively, and reduced Cr translocation to the roots, shoot, and leaves. Additionally, Cr-induced oxidative stress was significantly reduced in LK11-inoculated soybean, regulating metal responsive reduced GSH and enzymatic antioxidant CAT. Current findings indicate that LK11 may be a suitable candidate for the bioremediation of Cr-contaminated soil and stimulation of host physiological homeostasis.
Saqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Yoon-Ha Kim; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Jamil Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Tae Han Kim; In-Jung Lee. Mechanisms of Cr(VI) resistance by endophytic Sphingomonas sp. LK11 and its Cr(VI) phytotoxic mitigating effects in soybean (Glycine max L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2018, 164, 648 -658.
AMA StyleSaqib Bilal, Abdul Latif Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Yoon-Ha Kim, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Tae Han Kim, In-Jung Lee. Mechanisms of Cr(VI) resistance by endophytic Sphingomonas sp. LK11 and its Cr(VI) phytotoxic mitigating effects in soybean (Glycine max L.). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2018; 164 ():648-658.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaqib Bilal; Abdul Latif Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Yoon-Ha Kim; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Jamil Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Tae Han Kim; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Mechanisms of Cr(VI) resistance by endophytic Sphingomonas sp. LK11 and its Cr(VI) phytotoxic mitigating effects in soybean (Glycine max L.)." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 164, no. : 648-658.
This study was carried out to determine the effect of different concentrations of Bacillus subtilis (0, 1, 3, 5, and 7%) on the antioxidant potential and biochemical constituents of traditional Korean fermented soybean, Cheonggukjang (CKJ). The antioxidant capacity was studied using the reducing power, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis (3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays and the total phenolic contents (TPC) were measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. CKJ prepared using 1% B. subtilis revealed the highest TPC (5.99 mg/g), total amino acids (7.43 mg/g), DPPH (94.24%), and ABTS (86.03%) radical-scavenging activity and had the highest value of palmitic acid (11.65%), stearic acid (2.87%), and linolenic acid (11.76%). Results showed that the calcium, iron, sodium, and zinc contents increased in the CKJ prepared using 7% B. subtilis from 1481.38 to 1667.32, 41.38 to 317.00, 48.01 to 310.07, and 32.82 to 37.18 mg/kg respectively. In conclusion, the present results indicate that the fermentation of soybean with B. subtilis (KCTC 13241) significantly augments the nutritional and antioxidant potential of CKJ and it can be recommended as a health-promoting food source.
Muhammad Waqas Ali; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Bishnu Adhikari; Il-Doo Kim; Jeong-Dong Lee; In-Jung Lee; Byung Oh Kim; Dong-Hyun Shin. Comparison of antioxidants potential, metabolites, and nutritional profiles of Korean fermented soybean (Cheonggukjang) with Bacillus subtilis KCTC 13241. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018, 55, 2871 -2880.
AMA StyleMuhammad Waqas Ali, Raheem Shahzad, Saqib Bilal, Bishnu Adhikari, Il-Doo Kim, Jeong-Dong Lee, In-Jung Lee, Byung Oh Kim, Dong-Hyun Shin. Comparison of antioxidants potential, metabolites, and nutritional profiles of Korean fermented soybean (Cheonggukjang) with Bacillus subtilis KCTC 13241. Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2018; 55 (8):2871-2880.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Waqas Ali; Raheem Shahzad; Saqib Bilal; Bishnu Adhikari; Il-Doo Kim; Jeong-Dong Lee; In-Jung Lee; Byung Oh Kim; Dong-Hyun Shin. 2018. "Comparison of antioxidants potential, metabolites, and nutritional profiles of Korean fermented soybean (Cheonggukjang) with Bacillus subtilis KCTC 13241." Journal of Food Science and Technology 55, no. 8: 2871-2880.
Boswellia sacra is an economically and ecologically important frankincense-producing tree, which is wounded to extract the aromatic resin. However, the underlying physiological mechanisms following this wounding stress are unknown. Our current goal was to elucidate the regulation of key physio-molecular determinants of wounded and preserved B. sacra populations. Wounding caused a twofold increase in calcium/magnesium content and a reduction in essential macronutrient (nitrogen) levels. Total amino acids were also reduced 1.74-fold; however, the levels of γ-amino butyric acid, hydroxyl-proline, and β-alanine were significantly higher (1- to 2.2-fold). In contrast, the fatty acids (linolenic, palmitic, stearic, and linoleic acids) were significantly higher in the preserved trees. Endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) was also significantly higher (67%) in the wounded trees, as was the expression of the JA-related genes allene oxide synthase and allene oxide cyclase. A similar twofold increase in stress-responsive abscisic acid was observed in the wounded trees. However, salicylic acid was down-regulated, and the pathogenesis-related genes PR1 and PR3 exhibited varying responses in the wounded plants. The presence of physiologically active (GA1, GA4, and GA3) and inactive (GA12, GA19, and GA20) gibberellins in both the wounded and control trees revealed similarity with the known GA biosynthesis in B. sacra. Both GA4 and GA3 were each significantly synthesized, which were buoyed by the increased expressions of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase, cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, and gibberellin 20 oxidases under wounding stress. In conclusion, B. sacra responds to extraction of resin by regulating essential endogenous hormones and related transcripts, which in return retard tree growth and development.
Abdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Raheem Shahzad; Qari Muhammad Imran; Byung-Wook Yun; Yoon-Ha Kim; Sang-Mo Kang; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; In-Jung Lee. Regulation of endogenous phytohormones and essential metabolites in frankincense-producing Boswellia sacra under wounding stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 2018, 40, 113 .
AMA StyleAbdul Latif Khan, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Raheem Shahzad, Qari Muhammad Imran, Byung-Wook Yun, Yoon-Ha Kim, Sang-Mo Kang, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, In-Jung Lee. Regulation of endogenous phytohormones and essential metabolites in frankincense-producing Boswellia sacra under wounding stress. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2018; 40 (6):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdul Latif Khan; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Raheem Shahzad; Qari Muhammad Imran; Byung-Wook Yun; Yoon-Ha Kim; Sang-Mo Kang; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Regulation of endogenous phytohormones and essential metabolites in frankincense-producing Boswellia sacra under wounding stress." Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 40, no. 6: 113.
Pinaceae, the largest family of conifers, has a diversified organization of chloroplast (cp) genomes with two typical highly reduced inverted repeats (IRs). In the current study, we determined the complete sequence of the cp genome of an economically and ecologically important conifer tree, the loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), using Illumina paired-end sequencing and compared the sequence with those of other pine species. The results revealed a genome size of 121,531 base pairs (bp) containing a pair of 830-bp IR regions, distinguished by a small single copy (42,258 bp) and large single copy (77,614 bp) region. The chloroplast genome of P. taeda encodes 120 genes, comprising 81 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, and 35 tRNA genes, with 151 randomly distributed microsatellites. Approximately 6 palindromic, 34 forward, and 22 tandem repeats were found in the P. taeda cp genome. Whole cp genome comparison with those of other Pinus species exhibited an overall high degree of sequence similarity, with some divergence in intergenic spacers. Higher and lower numbers of indels and single-nucleotide polymorphism substitutions were observed relative to P. contorta and P. monophylla, respectively. Phylogenomic analyses based on the complete genome sequence revealed that 60 shared genes generated trees with the same topologies, and P. taeda was closely related to P. contorta in the subgenus Pinus. Thus, the complete P. taeda genome provided valuable resources for population and evolutionary studies of gymnosperms and can be used to identify related species.
Sajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Lubna; Sang Mo Kang; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; In-Jung Lee. Complete chloroplast genome sequence and comparative analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with related species. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0192966 .
AMA StyleSajjad Asaf, Abdul Latif Khan, Muhammad Aaqil Khan, Raheem Shahzad, Lubna, Sang Mo Kang, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Ahmed Al-Rawahi, In-Jung Lee. Complete chloroplast genome sequence and comparative analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with related species. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (3):e0192966.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajjad Asaf; Abdul Latif Khan; Muhammad Aaqil Khan; Raheem Shahzad; Lubna; Sang Mo Kang; Ahmed Al-Harrasi; Ahmed Al-Rawahi; In-Jung Lee. 2018. "Complete chloroplast genome sequence and comparative analysis of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) with related species." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3: e0192966.