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Prof. Ahmed Abd-ElGawad
King Saud Univesity

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0 Chemical Ecology
0 Essential Oils
0 Plant Ecology
0 phytotoxic activity
0 Allelopathy

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Essential Oils
phytotoxic activity
Allelopathy

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Journal article
Published: 29 August 2021 in Plants
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The exploration of new green, ecofriendly bioactive compounds has attracted the attention of researchers and scientists worldwide to avoid the harmful effects of chemically synthesized compounds. Persicaria lapathifolia has been reported to have various bioactive compounds, while its essential oil (EO) has not been determined yet. The current work dealt with the first description of the chemical composition of the EO from the aerial parts of P. lapathifolia, along with studying its free radical scavenging activity and herbicidal effect on the weed Echinochloa colona. Twenty-one volatile compounds were identified via GC–MS analysis. Nonterpenoids were the main components, with a relative concentration of 58.69%, in addition to terpenoids (37.86%) and carotenoid-derived compounds (1.75%). n-dodecanal (22.61%), α-humulene (11.29%), 2,4-dimethylicosane (8.97%), 2E-hexenoic acid (8.04%), γ-nonalactone (3.51%), and limonene (3.09%) were characterized as main compounds. The extracted EO exhibited substantial allelopathic activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of the weed E. colona in a dose-dependent manner, showing IC50 values of 77.27, 60.84, and 33.80 mg L−1, respectively. In addition, the P. lapathifolia EO showed substantial antioxidant activity compared to ascorbic acid as a standard antioxidant. The EO attained IC50 values of 159.69 and 230.43 mg L−1, for DPPH and ABTS, respectively, while ascorbic acid exhibited IC50 values 47.49 and 56.68 mg L−1, respectively. The present results showed that the emergent leafy stems of aquatic plants such as P. lapathifolia have considerably low content of the EO, which exhibited substantial activities such as antioxidant and allelopathic activities. Further study is recommended to evaluate the effects of various environmental and climatic conditions on the production and composition of the EOs of P. lapathifolia.

ACS Style

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Giuliano Bonanomi; Sarah A. Al-Rashed; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona. Plants 2021, 10, 1798 .

AMA Style

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Giuliano Bonanomi, Sarah A. Al-Rashed, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona. Plants. 2021; 10 (9):1798.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Giuliano Bonanomi; Sarah A. Al-Rashed; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. 2021. "Persicaria lapathifolia Essential Oil: Chemical Constituents, Antioxidant Activity, and Allelopathic Effect on the Weed Echinochloa colona." Plants 10, no. 9: 1798.

Review
Published: 07 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Both soil and the human gut support vast microbial biodiversity, in which the microbiota plays critical roles in regulating harmful organisms. However, the functional link between microbiota taxonomic compositions and disease suppression has not been explained yet. Here, we provide an overview of pathogen regulation in soil and mammals gut, highlighting the differences and the similarities between the two systems. First, we provide a review of the ecological mechanisms underlying the regulation of soil and pathogens, as well as the link between disease suppression and soil health. Particular emphasis is thus given to clarifying how soil and the gut microbiota are associated with organic amendment and the human diet, respectively. Moreover, we provide several insights into the importance of organic amendment and diet composition in shaping beneficial microbiota as an efficient way to support crop productivity and human health. This review also discusses novel ways to functionally characterize organic amendments and the proper operational combining of such materials with beneficial microbes for stirring suppressive microbiota against pathogens. Furthermore, specific examples are given to describe how agricultural management practices, including the use of antibiotics and fumigants, hinder disease suppression by disrupting microbiota structure, and the potentiality of entire microbiome transplant. We conclude by discussing general strategies to promote soil microbiota biodiversity, the connection with plant yield and health, and their possible integration through a “One Health” framework.

ACS Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Mohamed Idbella; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7608 .

AMA Style

Giuliano Bonanomi, Mohamed Idbella, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Mohamed Idbella; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. 2021. "Microbiota Management for Effective Disease Suppression: A Systematic Comparison between Soil and Mammals Gut." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7608.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Plants
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The integration of green natural chemical resources in agricultural, industrial, and pharmaceutical applications allures researchers and scientistic worldwide. Cleome amblyocarpa has been reported as an important medicinal plant. However, its essential oil (EO) has not been well studied; therefore, the present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the C. amblyocarpa, collected from Egypt, and assess the allelopathic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of its EO. The EO of C. amblyocarpa was extracted by hydrodistillation and characterized via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The chemometric analysis of the EO composition of the present studied ecospecies and the other reported ecospecies was studied. The allelopathic activity of the EO was evaluated against the weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Additionally, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were determined. Forty-eight compounds, with a prespondence of sesquiterpenes, were recorded. The major compounds were caryophyllene oxide (36.01%), hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (7.92%), alloaromadendrene epoxide (6.17%), myrtenyl acetate (5.73%), isoshyobunone (4.52%), shyobunol (4.19%), and trans-caryophyllene (3.45%). The chemometric analysis revealed inconsistency in the EO composition among various studied ecospecies, where it could be ascribed to the environmental and climatic conditions. The EO showed substantial allelopathic inhibitory activity against the germination, seedling root, and shoot growth of D. aegyptium, with IC50 values of 54.78, 57.10, and 74.07 mg L−1. Additionally, the EO showed strong antioxidant potentiality based on the IC50 values of 4.52 mg mL−1 compared to 2.11 mg mL−1 of the ascorbic acid as standard. Moreover, this oil showed significant anti-inflammation via the suppression of lipoxygenase (LOX) and cyclooxygenases (COX1, and COX2), along with membrane stabilization. Further study is recommended for analysis of the activity of pure authentic materials of the major compounds either singularly or in combination, as well as for evaluation of their mechanism(s) and modes of action as antioxidants or allelochemicals.

ACS Style

Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abdelbaset Elgamal; Yasser Ei-Amier; Tarik Mohamed; Abd El Gendy; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. Plants 2021, 10, 1294 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Abd-ElGawad, Abdelbaset Elgamal, Yasser Ei-Amier, Tarik Mohamed, Abd El Gendy, Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abdelbaset Elgamal; Yasser Ei-Amier; Tarik Mohamed; Abd El Gendy; Abdelsamed I. Elshamy. 2021. "Chemical Composition, Allelopathic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Sesquiterpenes Rich Essential Oil of Cleome amblyocarpa Barratte & Murb." Plants 10, no. 7: 1294.

Journal article
Published: 08 May 2021 in Plants
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There is a demand for an increase in crop production because of the growing population, but water shortage hinders the expansion of wheat cultivation, one of the most important crops worldwide. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) was used to mimic drought stress due to its high osmotic potentials generated in plants subjected to it. This study aimed to determine the root system architecture (RSA) plasticity of eight bread wheat genotypes under osmotic stress in relation to the oxidative status and mitochondrial membrane potential of their root tips. Osmotic stress application resulted in differences in the RSA between the eight genotypes, where genotypes were divided into adapted genotypes that have non-significant decreased values in lateral roots number (LRN) and total root length (TRL), while non-adapted genotypes have a significant decrease in LRN, TRL, root volume (RV), and root surface area (SA). Accumulation of intracellular ROS formation in root tips and elongation zone was observed in the non-adapted genotypes due to PEG-induced oxidative stress. Mitochondrial membrane potential (∆Ψm) was measured for both stress and non-stress treatments in the eight genotypes as a biomarker for programmed cell death as a result of induced osmotic stress, in correlation with RSA traits. PEG treatment increased scavenging capacity of the genotypes from 1.4-fold in the sensitive genotype Gemmiza 7 to 14.3-fold in the adapted genotype Sakha 94. The adapted genotypes showed greater root trait values, ∆Ψm plasticity correlated with high scavenging capacity, and less ROS accumulation in the root tissue, while the non-adapted genotypes showed little scavenging capacity in both treatments, accompanied by mitochondrial membrane permeability, suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of oxidative stress.

ACS Style

Omar Azab; Abdullah Al-Doss; Thobayet Alshahrani; Salah El-Hendawy; Adel Zakri; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Root System Architecture Plasticity of Bread Wheat in Response to Oxidative Burst under Extended Osmotic Stress. Plants 2021, 10, 939 .

AMA Style

Omar Azab, Abdullah Al-Doss, Thobayet Alshahrani, Salah El-Hendawy, Adel Zakri, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Root System Architecture Plasticity of Bread Wheat in Response to Oxidative Burst under Extended Osmotic Stress. Plants. 2021; 10 (5):939.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Omar Azab; Abdullah Al-Doss; Thobayet Alshahrani; Salah El-Hendawy; Adel Zakri; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. 2021. "Root System Architecture Plasticity of Bread Wheat in Response to Oxidative Burst under Extended Osmotic Stress." Plants 10, no. 5: 939.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Plants
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Plants belonging to the Asteraceae family are widely used as traditional medicinal herbs around the world for the treatment of numerous diseases. In this work, the chemical profiles of essential oils (EOs) of the above-ground parts of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis (L.) were studied in addition to their cytotoxic and anti-aging activities. The extracted EOs from the two plants via hydrodistillation were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS of EO of P. dioscoridis revealed the identification of 29 compounds representing 96.91% of the total oil. While 35 compounds were characterized from EO of E. bonariensis representing 98.21%. The terpenoids were found the main constituents of both plants with a relative concentration of 93.59% and 97.66%, respectively, including mainly sesquiterpenes (93.40% and 81.06%). α-Maaliene (18.84%), berkheyaradulen (13.99%), dehydro-cyclolongifolene oxide (10.35%), aromadendrene oxide-2 (8.81%), β-muurolene (8.09%), and α-eudesmol (6.79%), represented the preponderance compounds of EO of P. dioscoridis. While, trans-α-farnesene (25.03%), O-ocimene (12.58%), isolongifolene-5-ol (5.53%), α-maaliene (6.64%), berkheyaradulen (4.82%), and α-muurolene (3.99%), represented the major compounds EO of E. bonariensis. A comparative study of our results with the previously described data was constructed based upon principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC), where the results revealed a substantial variation of the present studied species than other reported ecospecies. EO of P. dioscoridis exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the two cancer cells, MCF-7 and A-549 with IC50 of 37.3 and 22.3 μM, respectively. While the EO of the E. bonariensis showed strong cytotoxicity against HepG2 with IC50 of 25.6 μM. The EOs of P. dioscoridis, E. bonariensis, and their mixture (1:1) exhibited significant inhibitory activity of the collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, and tyrosinase comparing with epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) as a reference. The results of anti-aging showed that the activity of mixture (1:1) > P. dioscoridis > E. bonariensis against the four enzymes.

ACS Style

Abdelbaset Elgamal; Rania Ahmed; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abd El Gendy; Abdelsamed Elshamy; Mahmoud Nassar. Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L. Plants 2021, 10, 667 .

AMA Style

Abdelbaset Elgamal, Rania Ahmed, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad, Abd El Gendy, Abdelsamed Elshamy, Mahmoud Nassar. Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L. Plants. 2021; 10 (4):667.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelbaset Elgamal; Rania Ahmed; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abd El Gendy; Abdelsamed Elshamy; Mahmoud Nassar. 2021. "Chemical Profiles, Anticancer, and Anti-Aging Activities of Essential Oils of Pluchea dioscoridis (L.) DC. and Erigeron bonariensis L." Plants 10, no. 4: 667.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2021 in Science of The Total Environment
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Having a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycles, litter decomposition affects plant growth and regeneration by inducing the release of allelochemicals. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the microbiota in modulating the allelopathic effects of freshly fallen and decomposed leaf litter. To disentangle the chemical and microbial effects, bioassays were carried out on four target plants in sterile and non-sterile conditions. All litter types were characterized by carbon-13 cross polarization magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C-CPMAS NMR) spectroscopy, and the associated fungal and bacterial microbiota were described by next-generation sequencing. When the litter extract was sterilized, freshly fallen litter severely inhibited the plant root growth, but during decomposition, the allelopathic effect rapidly decreased. Root growth was negatively correlated with extractable carbon and positively correlated with parameters associated with tissue lignification. In non-sterile conditions, the living microbiota modulated the leaf litter allelopathic effects of mitigation (26.5% of cases) and exacerbation (26.6% of cases). The mitigation effect was more frequent and intense in stressful conditions, i.e., highly phytotoxic freshly fallen litter, than in benign environments, i.e., decomposed litter. Finally, we identified specific bacterial and fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that could be involved in the mediation of the litter allelopathic effect. This study highlights the importance of studying allelopathy in both sterile conditions and in the presence of a living microbiota to assess the role of litter chemistry and the potential impact of plant detritus on the agro-ecosystem and natural plant communities.

ACS Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Maurizio Zotti; Mohamed Idbella; Stefano Mazzoleni; Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota modulation of allelopathy depends on litter chemistry: Mitigation or exacerbation? Science of The Total Environment 2021, 776, 145942 .

AMA Style

Giuliano Bonanomi, Maurizio Zotti, Mohamed Idbella, Stefano Mazzoleni, Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. Microbiota modulation of allelopathy depends on litter chemistry: Mitigation or exacerbation? Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 776 ():145942.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Maurizio Zotti; Mohamed Idbella; Stefano Mazzoleni; Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad. 2021. "Microbiota modulation of allelopathy depends on litter chemistry: Mitigation or exacerbation?" Science of The Total Environment 776, no. : 145942.

Journal article
Published: 13 February 2021 in Molecules
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Launaea nudicaulis is used in folk medicine worldwide to treat several diseases. The present study aimed to assess the antidiabetic activity of L. nudicaulis ethanolic extract and its effect on diabetic complications in streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemic rats. The extract was orally administrated at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day for 5-weeks and compared to glibenclamide as a reference drug at a dose of 5 mg/kg/day. Administration of the extract exhibited a potential hypoglycemic effect manifested by a significant depletion of serum blood glucose concurrent with a significant elevation in serum insulin secretion. After 5-weeks, extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg/day decreased blood glucose levels by about 53.8 and 68.1%, respectively, compared to the initial values (p ≤ 0.05). The extract at the two dosages prevented weight loss of rats from the 2nd week till the end of the experiment, compared to diabetic control rats. The extract further exhibited marked improvement in diabetic complications including liver, kidney and testis performance, oxidative stress, and relative weight of vital organs, with respect to diabetic control. Histopathological examinations confirmed the previous biochemical analysis, where the extract showed a protective effect on the pancreas, liver, kidney, and testis that degenerated in diabetic control rats. To characterize extract composition, UPLC-ESI–qTOF-MS identified 85 chromatographic peaks belonging to flavonoids, phenolics, acyl glycerols, nitrogenous compounds, and fatty acids, with four novel phenolics reported. The potential anti-diabetic effect warrants its inclusion in further studies and or isolation of the main bioactive agent(s).

ACS Style

Samah El-Newary; Sherif Afifi; Mohamed Aly; Rania Ahmed; Abd El Gendy; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Mohamed Farag; Abdelbaset Elgamal; Abdelsamed Elshamy. Chemical Profile of Launaea nudicaulis Ethanolic Extract and Its Antidiabetic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats. Molecules 2021, 26, 1000 .

AMA Style

Samah El-Newary, Sherif Afifi, Mohamed Aly, Rania Ahmed, Abd El Gendy, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad, Mohamed Farag, Abdelbaset Elgamal, Abdelsamed Elshamy. Chemical Profile of Launaea nudicaulis Ethanolic Extract and Its Antidiabetic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats. Molecules. 2021; 26 (4):1000.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samah El-Newary; Sherif Afifi; Mohamed Aly; Rania Ahmed; Abd El Gendy; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Mohamed Farag; Abdelbaset Elgamal; Abdelsamed Elshamy. 2021. "Chemical Profile of Launaea nudicaulis Ethanolic Extract and Its Antidiabetic Effect in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats." Molecules 26, no. 4: 1000.

Research article
Published: 02 February 2021 in Flavour and Fragrance Journal
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The Egyptian Sinai is a rich source of plant‐derived medicines from the highly represented Asteraceae family; however, the protocol for effective chemical extraction has not been standardized. To identify an effective extraction method for essential oils for highly represented species, Achillea fragrantissima, Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum were analysed by hydro‐distillation (HD) vs microwave‐assisted (MA) extraction. A total of 82 metabolites were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS). While oxygenated monoterpenes were the major class for both methods, MA extraction proved to be slightly more effective in extracting some ketones and alcohols such as piperitone and thymol, respectively. All the extracted EOs from the three plants exhibited significant antimicrobial potentialities in which T sinaicum ˃ A judaica > A fragrantissima. Interestingly, essential oils extracted by HD (vs MAE) exhibited greater lettuce phytotoxicity with respect to root and shoot growth as well as seed germination. Although the two extraction methods produce slightly different chemical profiles for the three analysed species, the plants aggregated similarly based on principal component analysis.

ACS Style

Abdelsamed ElShamy; Ahmed Abd‐Elgawad; Tarik Mohamed; Abd El‐Nasser El Gendy; Abeer A. Abd El Aty; Ibrahim Saleh; Mahmoud F. Moustafa; Taha A. Hussien; Paul W. Pare; Mohamed‐Elamir F. Hegazy. Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima , Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum. Flavour and Fragrance Journal 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Abdelsamed ElShamy, Ahmed Abd‐Elgawad, Tarik Mohamed, Abd El‐Nasser El Gendy, Abeer A. Abd El Aty, Ibrahim Saleh, Mahmoud F. Moustafa, Taha A. Hussien, Paul W. Pare, Mohamed‐Elamir F. Hegazy. Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima , Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum. Flavour and Fragrance Journal. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelsamed ElShamy; Ahmed Abd‐Elgawad; Tarik Mohamed; Abd El‐Nasser El Gendy; Abeer A. Abd El Aty; Ibrahim Saleh; Mahmoud F. Moustafa; Taha A. Hussien; Paul W. Pare; Mohamed‐Elamir F. Hegazy. 2021. "Extraction development for antimicrobial and phytotoxic essential oils from asteraceae species: Achillea fragrantissima , Artemisia judaica and Tanacetum sinaicum." Flavour and Fragrance Journal , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 December 2020 in Molecules
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Guava (Psidium guajava) leaves are commonly used in the treatment of diseases. They are considered a waste product resulting from guava cultivation. The leaves are very rich in essential oils (EOs) and volatiles. This work represents the detailed comparative chemical profiles of EOs derived from the leaves of six guava varieties cultivated in Egypt, including Red Malaysian (RM), El-Qanater (EQ), White Indian (WI), Early (E), El-Sabahya El-Gedida (ESEG), and Red Indian (RI), cultivated on the same farm in Egypt. The EOs from the leaves of guava varieties were extracted by hydro-distillation and analyzed with GC-MS. The EOs were categorized in a holistic manner using chemometric tools. The hydro-distillation of the samples yielded 0.11–0.48% of the EO (v/w). The GC-MS analysis of the extracted EOs showed the presence of 38 identified compounds from the six varieties. The sesquiterpene compounds were recorded as main compounds of E, EQ, ESEG, RI, and WI varieties, while the RM variety attained the highest content of monoterpenes (56.87%). The sesquiterpenes, β-caryophyllene (11.21–43.20%), and globulol (76.17–26.42%) were detected as the major compounds of all studied guava varieties, while trans-nerolidol (0.53–10.14) was reported as a plentiful compound in all of the varieties except for the RM variety. A high concentration of D-limonene was detected in the EOs of the RM (33.96%), WI (27.04%), and ESEG (9.10%) varieties. These major compounds were consistent with those reported for other genotypes from different countries. Overall, the EOs’ composition and the chemometric analysis revealed substantial variations among the studied varieties that might be ascribed to genetic variability, considering the stability of the cultivation and climate conditions. Therefore, this chemical polymorphism of the studied varieties supports that these varieties could be considered as genotypes of P. guajava. It is worth mentioning here that the EOs, derived from leaves considered to be agricultural waste, of the studied varieties showed that they are rich in biologically active compounds, particularly β-caryophyllene, trans-nerolidol, globulol, and D-limonene. These could be considered as added value for pharmacological and industrial applications. Further study is recommended to confirm the chemical variations of the studied varieties at a molecular level, as well as their possible medicinal and industrial uses.

ACS Style

Emad M. Hassan; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Mohamed A. Farag; Salman F. Alamery; Elsayed A. Omer. Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L. Molecules 2020, 26, 119 .

AMA Style

Emad M. Hassan, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad, Abdelsamed I. ElShamy, Mohamed A. Farag, Salman F. Alamery, Elsayed A. Omer. Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L. Molecules. 2020; 26 (1):119.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Emad M. Hassan; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Mohamed A. Farag; Salman F. Alamery; Elsayed A. Omer. 2020. "Comparative Chemical Profiles of the Essential Oils from Different Varieties of Psidium guajava L." Molecules 26, no. 1: 119.

Review
Published: 25 December 2020 in Plants
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Herbicides are natural or synthetic chemicals used to control unwanted plants (weeds). To avoid the harmful effects of synthetic herbicides, considerable effort has been devoted to finding alternative products derived from natural sources. Essential oils (EOs) from aromatic plants are auspicious source of bioherbicides. This review discusses phytotoxic EOs and their chemical compositions as reported from 1972 to 2020. Using chemometric analysis, we attempt to build a structure-activity relationship between phytotoxicity and EO chemical composition. Data analysis reveals that oxygenated terpenes, and mono- and sesquiterpenes, in particular, play principal roles in the phytotoxicity of EOs. Pinene, 1,8 cineole, linalool, and carvacrol are the most effective monoterpenes, with significant phytotoxicity evident in the EOs of many plants. Caryophyllene and its derivatives, including germacrene, spathulenol, and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone, are the most effective sesquiterpenes. EOs rich in iridoids (non-terpene compounds) also exhibit allelopathic activity. Further studies are recommended to evaluate the phytotoxic activity of these compounds in pure forms, determine their activity in the field, evaluate their safety, and assess their modes of action.

ACS Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Abdullah S. Alharthi; Tarik A. Mohamed; Mahmoud I. Nassar; Yaser H. Dewir; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses. Plants 2020, 10, 36 .

AMA Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Abdullah S. Alharthi, Tarik A. Mohamed, Mahmoud I. Nassar, Yaser H. Dewir, Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses. Plants. 2020; 10 (1):36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Abdullah S. Alharthi; Tarik A. Mohamed; Mahmoud I. Nassar; Yaser H. Dewir; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. 2020. "Phytotoxic Effects of Plant Essential Oils: A Systematic Review and Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Chemometric Analyses." Plants 10, no. 1: 36.

Journal article
Published: 15 November 2020 in Agriculture
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In recent years, the phenomenon of abandonment of arable fields has increased in Saudi Arabia due to low soil fertility, drought, low rainfall, high levels of evapotranspiration, soil salinization, and low level of groundwater. We evaluated the effect of agricultural land abandonment on soil properties, perennial vegetation composition, and population structure in the Al-Kharj region, Saudi Arabia. A total of 11 perennial plant species belonging to 9 families and 11 genera were detected in the different abandoned fields of the study area. Four plant communities were identified after the application of the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination. The indicator species were (1) Seidlitzia rosmarinus—Zygophyllum hamiense, (2) Traganum nudatum—Seidlitzia rosmarinus, (3) Traganum nudatum—Prosopis farcta, and (4) Calligonum comosum—Pulicaria undulata. Results of the soil analysis showed significant differences in soil texture, pH, salinity, and nutrient content among the four recognized plant communities. Demographic analysis indicated that populations of Zygophyllum hamiense and Calligonum comosum tended to be either inverse J-shaped or positively skewed which may have indicated rapidly-growing populations with high reproductive capacity. Conversely, the size–frequency distribution of Traganum nudatum, S. Rosmarinus, and Prosopis farcta was approximately symmetrical (i.e., bell-shaped). The present study sheds light on the necessity of managing abandoned agricultural fields for restoring and improving rangelands with native species that are adapted to the local conditions such as low water demand.

ACS Style

Saud Al-Rowaily; Dekhil Al-Dosari; Abdulaziz Assaeed; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Mohamed El-Sheikh; Magdy El-Bana; Wafa’A Al-Taisan. Native Perennial Plants Colonizing Abandoned Arable Fields in a Desert Area: Population Structure and Community Assembly. Agriculture 2020, 10, 550 .

AMA Style

Saud Al-Rowaily, Dekhil Al-Dosari, Abdulaziz Assaeed, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad, Mohamed El-Sheikh, Magdy El-Bana, Wafa’A Al-Taisan. Native Perennial Plants Colonizing Abandoned Arable Fields in a Desert Area: Population Structure and Community Assembly. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (11):550.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saud Al-Rowaily; Dekhil Al-Dosari; Abdulaziz Assaeed; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Mohamed El-Sheikh; Magdy El-Bana; Wafa’A Al-Taisan. 2020. "Native Perennial Plants Colonizing Abandoned Arable Fields in a Desert Area: Population Structure and Community Assembly." Agriculture 10, no. 11: 550.

Journal article
Published: 09 November 2020 in Molecules
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Plants are considered green resources for thousands of bioactive compounds. Essential oils (EOs) are an important class of secondary compounds with various biological activities, including allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. Herein, the present study aimed to compare the chemical profiles of the EOs of the widely distributed medicinal plant Calotropis procera collected from Saudi Arabia and Egypt. In addition, this study also aimed to assess their allelopathic and antimicrobial activities. The EOs from Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed via GC-MS. The correlation between the analyzed EOs and those published from Egypt, India, and Nigeria was assessed by principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). The allelopathic activity of the extracted EOs was tested against two weeds (Bidens pilosa and Dactyloctenium aegyptium). Moreover, the EOs were tested for antimicrobial activity against seven bacterial and two fungal strains. Ninety compounds were identified from both ecospecies, where 76 compounds were recorded in Saudi ecospecies and 33 in the Egyptian one. Terpenes were recorded as the main components along with hydrocarbons, aromatics, and carotenoids. The sesquiterpenes (54.07%) were the most abundant component of EO of the Saudi sample, while the diterpenes (44.82%) represented the mains of the Egyptian one. Hinesol (13.50%), trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (12.33%), 1,4-trans-1,7-cis-acorenone (7.62%), phytol (8.73%), and myristicin (6.13%) were found as the major constituents of EO of the Saudi sample, while phytol (38.02%), n-docosane (6.86%), linoleic acid (6.36%), n-pentacosane (6.31%), and bicyclogermacrene (4.37%) represented the main compounds of the Egyptian one. It was evident that the EOs of both ecospecies had potent phytotoxic activity against the two tested weeds, while the EO of the Egyptian ecospecies was more effective, particularly on the weed D. aegyptium. Moreover, the EOs showed substantial antibacterial and antifungal activities. The present study revealed that the EOs of Egyptian and Saudi ecospecies were different in quality and quantity, which could be attributed to the variant environmental and climatic conditions. The EOs of both ecospecies showed significant allelopathic and antimicrobial activity; therefore, these EOs could be considered as potential green eco-friendly resources for weed and microbe control, considering that this plant is widely grown in arid habitats.

ACS Style

Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Abdelbaset M. Elgamal; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Tarik A. Mohamed; Basharat A. Dar; Tahia K. Mohamed; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds. Molecules 2020, 25, 5203 .

AMA Style

Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Abdelbaset M. Elgamal, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Tarik A. Mohamed, Basharat A. Dar, Tahia K. Mohamed, Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):5203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Abdelbaset M. Elgamal; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Tarik A. Mohamed; Basharat A. Dar; Tahia K. Mohamed; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. 2020. "Essential Oil of Calotropis procera: Comparative Chemical Profiles, Antimicrobial Activity, and Allelopathic Potential on Weeds." Molecules 25, no. 21: 5203.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Molecules
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Wounds and burn injury are major causes of death and disability worldwide. Myricetin is a common bioactive flavonoid isolated naturally from the plant kingdom. Herein, a topical application of naturally isolated myricetin from the shoots of Tecomaria capensis v. aurea on excisional wound healing that was performed in albino rats. The wounded rats were treated every day with 10 and 20% myricetin for 14 days. During the experiment, the wound closure percentage was estimated at days 0, 7, and 14. Effects of myricetin on the inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) in the serum were evaluated using immunosorbent assay kits. The percentage of wound closure and contraction was delayed in wounded rats (67.35%) and was remarkably increased after treatment of wounded rats with myricetin; the treatment with 20% myricetin was the most potent (98.76%). Histological findings exhibited that 10% myricetin caused the formation of a large area of scarring at the wound enclosure and stratified squamous epithelium without the formation of papillae as in the control group. Treatment with 20% myricetin exhibited less area of scarring at the wound enclosure as well as re-epithelialization with a high density of fibroblasts and blood capillaries in the wound. Level elevations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1β, and TNF-α and macrophage CD68 were decreased in wounded rats treated with myricetin. Thus, it can be suggested that the enhancements in inflammatory cytokines as well as systemic reorganization after myricetin treatment may be recommended to play a crucial part in the promotion of wound healing. The findings suggest that treatment with a higher dose of myricetin was better in improving wound curing in rats. It could serve as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and can be used as an adjunctive or alternative agent in the future.

ACS Style

Abdelsamed Elshamy; Naglaa Ammar; Heba Hassan; Walaa El-Kashak; Salim Al-Rejaie; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abdel-Razik Farrag. Topical Wound Healing Activity of Myricetin Isolated from Tecomaria capensis v. aurea. Molecules 2020, 25, 4870 .

AMA Style

Abdelsamed Elshamy, Naglaa Ammar, Heba Hassan, Walaa El-Kashak, Salim Al-Rejaie, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad, Abdel-Razik Farrag. Topical Wound Healing Activity of Myricetin Isolated from Tecomaria capensis v. aurea. Molecules. 2020; 25 (21):4870.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelsamed Elshamy; Naglaa Ammar; Heba Hassan; Walaa El-Kashak; Salim Al-Rejaie; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad; Abdel-Razik Farrag. 2020. "Topical Wound Healing Activity of Myricetin Isolated from Tecomaria capensis v. aurea." Molecules 25, no. 21: 4870.

Journal article
Published: 15 October 2020 in Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences
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Invasive species have been considered as one of the most serious threats to the biodiversity of various ecosystems, particularly in arid regions. The present study aimed to assess the influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca on the biodiversity of different habitats in Taif region, Saudi Arabia as well as to determine the highest habitat with seed bank of N. glauca. Soil samples were collected from three locations (Alwaht, Ash-shafa, and Ar Ruddaf), invaded with N. glauca, and analyzed for the soil seed bank. A soil seed experiment was designed in a greenhouse, whereby emerged plant seedlings were left to grow for three months and identified as well as the species density and biodiversity were assessed under and outside the canopy of N. glauca. Also, the floristic composition, life forms, and chorotype spectra of the plant species of the seed bank were analyzed. A total of 42 species, belonging to 23 families, were recorded in the soil seed bank. Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Cyperaceae were the major families (42.9%). The life form spectra of the recorded species were dominated by Therophytes (59.5%). Chorotype spectra analysis revealed that Mediterranean, Saharo-Arabian, and Irano-Turanian were the most represented elements. The species richness and evenness were higher outside the canopy, which indicates a negative effect of the invasive shrub N. glauca on the plant biodiversity in the study area, particularly in Ar Ruddaf location. This could be attributed to the competition or allelopathic effect of N. glauca. In contrast, the density of N. glauca seeds was higher under the canopy compared to outside. The soil nutrients and moisture under the canopy were higher than outside canopy. The present study provides a deeper understanding of the most susceptible habitats or communities to the invasion by N. glauca and thereby open the challenge toward control of this noxious plant and vegetation restoration.

ACS Style

Abdullah S. Alharthi; Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed. Influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca Graham on the plant seed bank in various locations in Taif region, western of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 2020, 28, 360 -370.

AMA Style

Abdullah S. Alharthi, Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed. Influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca Graham on the plant seed bank in various locations in Taif region, western of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020; 28 (1):360-370.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdullah S. Alharthi; Ahmed M. Abd-ElGawad; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed. 2020. "Influence of the invasive shrub Nicotiana glauca Graham on the plant seed bank in various locations in Taif region, western of Saudi Arabia." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 1: 360-370.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2020 in Plants
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Understanding the strategies and mechanisms of invasive species could guide their control and management especially in arid ecosystems. This study compares the vegetative and reproductive functional traits of the invasive Mexican poppy (Argemone ochroleuca), in seven habitat types, in southwestern Saudi Arabia. The results showed that the aboveground phenological attributes such as plant height, leaf area, and leaf dry mass attained the highest values in the wadi channels, whereas these attributes attained the lowest values in the mountain ranges. Maximum specific leaf area, root parameters, and all reproductive traits were recorded in the abandoned fields. In contrast to all other habitats, populations from abandoned fields had a greater investment of resources in belowground structures, while the population growing in the wadi channels and mountain ranges habitat allocated more energy to vegetative parts. The plasticity in vegetative and reproductive resource allocation in A. ochroleuca is an important mechanism in determining its colonizing ability in different habitat types and expanding the distribution range. The present data of the functional traits of A. ochroleuca agree with the resource fluctuation hypothesis, where the plant flourished in the abandoned fields that attained the highest values of organic matter and nutrients. Therefore, the restoration of these disturbed habitats could improve the resistance toward invasion by this noxious weed.

ACS Style

Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Magdy I. El-Bana; Ahmad K. Hegazy; Basharat A. Dar; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Functional Traits Plasticity of the Invasive Herb Argemone ochroleuca Sweet in Different Arid Habitats. Plants 2020, 9, 1268 .

AMA Style

Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Magdy I. El-Bana, Ahmad K. Hegazy, Basharat A. Dar, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Functional Traits Plasticity of the Invasive Herb Argemone ochroleuca Sweet in Different Arid Habitats. Plants. 2020; 9 (10):1268.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Magdy I. El-Bana; Ahmad K. Hegazy; Basharat A. Dar; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. 2020. "Functional Traits Plasticity of the Invasive Herb Argemone ochroleuca Sweet in Different Arid Habitats." Plants 9, no. 10: 1268.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2020 in Molecules
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Cyperus has been commonly used as a multi-use medicinal plant in folk medicine worldwide. The objectives of our study were to determine the different metabolites in the Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. methanol extract, and to assess its in vivo gastroprotective effect in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in rats. Serum levels of galactin-3 and TNF-α were employed as biochemical markers. To pinpoint for active agents, comprehensive metabolites profiling of extract via UPLC-qTOF-MS/MS was employed. A total of 77 chromatographic peaks were detected, of which 70 were annotated. The detected metabolites were categorized into phenolic acids and their derivatives, flavonoids, stilbenes, aurones, quinones, terpenes, and steroids. Rats were divided into six groups; healthy control, ulcer control, standard drug group, and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg of C. conglomeratus treated rats. Pre-treatment with C. conglomeratus alcohol extract significantly reduced galactin-3, and TNF-α in ethanol-induced ulcer model at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. Further histopathological and histochemical studies revealed moderate erosion of superficial epithelium, few infiltrated inflammatory cells, and depletion of gastric tissue glycoprotein in the ulcer group. Treatment with the extract protected the gastric epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. It could be concluded that C. conglomeratus extract provides significant gastroprotective activity in ethanol-induced gastric ulcer and ought to be included in nutraceuticals in the future for ulcer treatment.

ACS Style

Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Abdel Razik H. Farrag; Iriny M. Ayoub; Karam A. Mahdy; Rehab F. Taher; Abd El-Nasser G. Ei Gendy; Tarik A. Mohamed; Salim S. Al-Rejaie; Yasser A. Ei-Amier; Ahmed M. Abd-Eigawad; Mohamed A. Farag. UPLC-qTOF-MS Phytochemical Profile and Antiulcer Potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic Extract. Molecules 2020, 25, 4234 .

AMA Style

Abdelsamed I. ElShamy, Abdel Razik H. Farrag, Iriny M. Ayoub, Karam A. Mahdy, Rehab F. Taher, Abd El-Nasser G. Ei Gendy, Tarik A. Mohamed, Salim S. Al-Rejaie, Yasser A. Ei-Amier, Ahmed M. Abd-Eigawad, Mohamed A. Farag. UPLC-qTOF-MS Phytochemical Profile and Antiulcer Potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic Extract. Molecules. 2020; 25 (18):4234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Abdel Razik H. Farrag; Iriny M. Ayoub; Karam A. Mahdy; Rehab F. Taher; Abd El-Nasser G. Ei Gendy; Tarik A. Mohamed; Salim S. Al-Rejaie; Yasser A. Ei-Amier; Ahmed M. Abd-Eigawad; Mohamed A. Farag. 2020. "UPLC-qTOF-MS Phytochemical Profile and Antiulcer Potential of Cyperus conglomeratus Rottb. Alcoholic Extract." Molecules 25, no. 18: 4234.

Journal article
Published: 12 September 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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The pyrolysis of organic feedstock yields the solid fraction biochar, bio-oils, and a volatile fraction that can be reused for energetic purposes or technological applications in agro-ecosystems in the form of smoke-water (SW). In this study, 10 SW types were created from five organic feedstocks (i.e. cellulose, wood sawdust, olive mill residues, maize, and alfalfa litter) at two pyrolysis temperatures (i.e. 300 and 500 °C). We characterized SW using liquid chromatography (LC)–electrospray ionization–time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry (MS) combined with a multi-species bioassay including five crop plants, four fungi, one root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), and the olive fly pest (Bactrocera oleae). All SW types were acidic, exhibiting a pH range of 1.9–4.6. LC-MS analysis revealed differences in the chemical profiles of SW types in relation to the organic feedstock type and pyrolysis temperature. All SW types exerted concentration-dependent effects on crops, with evident phytotoxic activity at high concentrations. Conversely, they exerted stimulatory effects when diluted with water at ratios ranging from 1:100 to 1:1000. Moreover, all SW types displayed slight or null fungitoxic activity. On the contrary, SW strongly inhibited egg hatching by M. incognita after 72 and 144 h of incubation. The strongest inhibition was found for olive mill SW, and the weakest effect was noted for alfalfa SW. Finally, the application of SW over fresh olives reversed the attraction of B. oleae adults, demonstrating a strong repellent effect toward this pest. Nevertheless, only olive mill SW consistently attracted B. oleae. In conclusion, biochar SW exhibited notable biological activities and potential applications for plant growth promotion, if opportunely diluted, and for the control of root-knot nematodes and olive fruit flies.

ACS Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Giovanni Jesu; Maurizio Zotti; Mohamed Idbella; Giada D'Errico; Stefania Laudonia; Francesco Vinale; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Biochar-derived smoke-water exerts biological effects on nematodes, insects, and higher plants but not fungi. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 750, 142307 .

AMA Style

Giuliano Bonanomi, Giovanni Jesu, Maurizio Zotti, Mohamed Idbella, Giada D'Errico, Stefania Laudonia, Francesco Vinale, Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. Biochar-derived smoke-water exerts biological effects on nematodes, insects, and higher plants but not fungi. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 750 ():142307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuliano Bonanomi; Giovanni Jesu; Maurizio Zotti; Mohamed Idbella; Giada D'Errico; Stefania Laudonia; Francesco Vinale; Ahmed Abd-ElGawad. 2020. "Biochar-derived smoke-water exerts biological effects on nematodes, insects, and higher plants but not fungi." Science of The Total Environment 750, no. : 142307.

Journal article
Published: 31 August 2020 in Diversity
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Up to now, the taxonomic conflict of the Apocynaceae family has attracted the attention of scientists and researchers worldwide. Recently, this family was divided into five subfamilies. The present study aims to investigate the implication of interlacing macro-, micro-morphological, anatomical, and chemical characteristics of the leaves of eight Apocynaceae plants (Adenium obesum, Dipladenia boliviensis, Carissacarandas, Nerium oleander, Asclepias curassavica, Calotropisprocera, Acokanthera oblongifolia, and Thevetia neriifolia), and to provide valuable taxonomic differentiation of these species. The macro-morphological investigation includes shape, apex, base, and venation of leaves, while the micro-morphological study includes leaf epidermal cells, stomata, and trichomes. The anatomical features of the leaf blade were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Additionally, the chemical composition of the silylated methanolic extract was analyzed by Gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Sixty-three compounds were characterized from the silylated extracts of the eight plants, where quinic acid, sucrose, D-pinitol, and D-(−)-fructopyranose were determined as major compounds. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) based on the chemical composition revealed a significant chemical correlation among all species with the presence of sugars and amino acids, as well as phenolic acids and iridoid glycosides. The cluster analysis, based on all merged characters, showed that the eight species can be categorized into three clusters. The first cluster comprises A.obesum, A. curassavica, and T. neriifolia, while the second cluster contains D. boliviensis, N. oleander, A. oblongifolia, and C. carandas, and the third cluster consists of C. procera alone. This cluster revealed some similarities to the recent classification of Apocynaceae, while it showed inconsistency regarding A.obesum, C. procera, and N. oleander. Due to the obtained inconsistent data and observed variation among the studied species, further study is recommended for more characterization of these species, based on additional parameters, including molecular characteristics, particularly A.obesum, C. procera, and N. oleander.

ACS Style

Ahmed M. El-Taher; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Jawaher Alkahtani; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Taxonomic Implication of Integrated Chemical, Morphological, and Anatomical Attributes of Leaves of Eight Apocynaceae Taxa. Diversity 2020, 12, 334 .

AMA Style

Ahmed M. El-Taher, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Jawaher Alkahtani, Abdelsamed I. ElShamy, Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. Taxonomic Implication of Integrated Chemical, Morphological, and Anatomical Attributes of Leaves of Eight Apocynaceae Taxa. Diversity. 2020; 12 (9):334.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed M. El-Taher; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Jawaher Alkahtani; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy; Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad. 2020. "Taxonomic Implication of Integrated Chemical, Morphological, and Anatomical Attributes of Leaves of Eight Apocynaceae Taxa." Diversity 12, no. 9: 334.

Journal article
Published: 17 August 2020 in Biology
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Plant facilitation has a pivotal role in regulating species coexistence, particularly under arid environments. The present study aimed to evaluate the facilitative effect of Calligonum polygonoides L. on its understory plants in coastal habitat. Forty Calligonum shrubs were investigated and the environmental data (soil temperature, moisture, pH, salinity, carbon and nitrogen content, and light intensity), vegetation composition, and diversity of associated species were recorded under- and outside canopies. Eight of the most frequent understory species were selected for evaluating their response to the facilitative effect of C. polygonoides. Bioactive ingredients of Calligonum roots were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and mycorrhizal biodiversity in their rhizosphere soil was also assessed. The effect of Calligonum on understory plants ranged between facilitation and inhibition in an age-dependent manner. Old shrubs facilitated 18 and inhibited 18 associated species, while young shrubs facilitated 13 and inhibited 9 species. Calligonum ameliorated solar radiation and high-temperature stresses for the under canopy plants. Moreover, soil moisture was increased by 509.52% and 85.71%, while salinity was reduced by 47.62% and 23.81% under old and young shrubs, respectively. Soil contents of C and N were increased under canopy. This change in the microenvironment led to photosynthetic pigments induction in the majority of understory species. However, anthocyanin, proline contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities were reduced in plants under canopy. Thirteen mycorrhizal fungal species were identified in the rhizospheric soil of Calligonum with the predominance of Funneliformis mosseae. Thirty-one compounds were identified in Calligonum root extract in which pyrogallol and palmitic acid, which have antimicrobial and allelopathic activities, were the major components. The obtained results demonstrated that facilitation provided by Calligonum is mediated with multiple mechanisms and included a set of interrelated scenarios that took place in a species-specific manner.

ACS Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Younes M. Rashad; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Sami A. Al-Barati; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Amr M. Mowafy. Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem. Biology 2020, 9, 232 .

AMA Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad, Younes M. Rashad, Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem, Sami A. Al-Barati, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Amr M. Mowafy. Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem. Biology. 2020; 9 (8):232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Younes M. Rashad; Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem; Sami A. Al-Barati; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Amr M. Mowafy. 2020. "Calligonum polygonoides L. Shrubs Provide Species-Specific Facilitation for the Understory Plants in Coastal Ecosystem." Biology 9, no. 8: 232.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2020 in Plants
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Invasive species are considered as one of the major threats to ecosystems worldwide. Although invasive plants are regarded as a foe, they could be considered as natural resources for valuable bioactive compounds. The present study aimed to characterize the chemical composition of the essential oil (EO) from the invasive plant Argemone ochroleuca Sweet, collected from Saudi Arabia, as well as to evaluate its phytotoxic activity. Seventy-four compounds were characterized via GC-MS analysis of EO representing 98.75% of the overall mass. The oxygenated constituents (79.01%) were found as the main constituents, including mono- (43.27%), sesqui- (17.67%), and di-terpenes (0.53%), as well as hydrocarbons (16.81%) and carotenoids (0.73%). Additionally, 19.69% from the overall mass was characterized as non-oxygenated compounds with mono- (1.77%), sesquiterpenes (17.41%), and hydrocarbons (0.56%) as minors. From all identified constituents, trans-chrysanthenyl acetate (25.71%), γ-cadinene (11.70%), oleic acid, methyl ester (7.37%), terpinene-4-ol (4.77%), dihydromyrcenol (2.90%), α-muurolene (1.77%), and γ-himachalene (1.56%) were found as abundant. The EO of A. ochroleuca showed significant phytotoxic activity against the test plant Lactuca sativa and the noxious weed Peganum harmala. The EO attained IC50 values of 92.1, 128.6, and 131.6 µL L−1 for seedling root growth, germination, and shoot growth of L. sativa, respectively, while it had IC50 values of 134.8, 145.7, and 147.9 µL L−1, respectively, for P. harmala. Therefore, this EO could be used as a bioherbicide against weeds, while further study is recommended for the characterization of the authentic materials of the main compounds in the EO as well as for the evaluation of potency of this oil on a field scale and the determination of its biosafety.

ACS Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Elsayed A. Omer; Basharat A. Dar; Wafa’A A. Al-Taisan; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Essential Oil Enriched with Oxygenated Constituents from Invasive Plant Argemone ochroleuca Exhibited Potent Phytotoxic Effects. Plants 2020, 9, 998 .

AMA Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad, Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy, Abdulaziz M. Assaeed, Saud L. Al-Rowaily, Elsayed A. Omer, Basharat A. Dar, Wafa’A A. Al-Taisan, Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. Essential Oil Enriched with Oxygenated Constituents from Invasive Plant Argemone ochroleuca Exhibited Potent Phytotoxic Effects. Plants. 2020; 9 (8):998.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed M. Abd-Elgawad; Abd El-Nasser G. El Gendy; Abdulaziz M. Assaeed; Saud L. Al-Rowaily; Elsayed A. Omer; Basharat A. Dar; Wafa’A A. Al-Taisan; Abdelsamed I. ElShamy. 2020. "Essential Oil Enriched with Oxygenated Constituents from Invasive Plant Argemone ochroleuca Exhibited Potent Phytotoxic Effects." Plants 9, no. 8: 998.