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Dr. Antonella Carosi
Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnologies, University of Perugia

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0 climate change and impacts
0 freshwater fish ecology
0 alien fish invasions
0 freshwater biodiversity conservation
0 freshwater fish management

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Short Biography

Anotonella Carosi's research interests are focused on the distribution, ecology and biology of Italian freshwater fish populations, with special reference to the management and impact assessments of alien fish species invasions, and to the fish biodiversity conservation. She is an expert in environmental reporting, monitoring of fish species and freshwater habitats. She has participated to several projects dealing with native freshwater fish recovery and conservation, such as the LIFE+ TROTA (LIFE12 NAT/IT/000940) project, and she is a member of the scientific committee of the Life STREAMS (LIFE18 NAT/IT/000931) project as expert for hydrological and hydrobiological aspects. She has been involved in the upgrade of the IUCN Red List assessments for Italian freshwater fish within the project “Inspire4Nature: Training at the Science-Policy Interface of International Biodiversity Conservation”.

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Journal article
Published: 13 August 2021 in Environments
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Temporary high-elevation lakes represent vulnerable and unstable environments strongly threatened by tourism, hydrogeological transformations and climate changes. In-depth scientific knowledge on these peculiar habitats is needed, on which to base integrated and sustainable management plans. Freshwater diatoms, thanks to their high diversity and their particular sensitivity to the water chemistry, can be considered powerful ecological indicators, as they are able to reflect environmental changes over time. The aim of the present study was to analyze the diatomic diversity of the Pilato and Palazzo Borghese lakes, two small temporary high-mountain basins, falling in a protected area within the Apennine mountains chain (central Italy). Diatoms data were collected, at the same time as 12 physicochemical parameters, through six microhabitat samplings, from 17 June to 30 August 2019. In both lakes, a total of 111 diatomic species and varieties were identified. The most species-rich genera were Gomphonema, Navicula, and Nitzschia. The Pilato Lake showed a diatomic community dominated by few species, favored by more stable and predictable environmental conditions than the Palazzo Borghese Lake, which hosted a more diversified community, guaranteed by greater spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Both lakes were characterized by the presence of diatomic species typical of good quality waters. The occurrence of numerous aerial species reflected adaptation strategies adopted to colonize environments subjected to extended drought periods. Endangered diatomic species of particular conservational interest were recorded, confirming the need to preserve their habitats.

ACS Style

Rosalba Padula; Antonella Carosi; Alessandro Rossetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy). Environments 2021, 8, 79 .

AMA Style

Rosalba Padula, Antonella Carosi, Alessandro Rossetti, Massimo Lorenzoni. The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy). Environments. 2021; 8 (8):79.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rosalba Padula; Antonella Carosi; Alessandro Rossetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2021. "The Diatomic Diversity of Two Mediterranean High-Elevation Lakes in the Sibillini Mountains National Park (Central Italy)." Environments 8, no. 8: 79.

Original paper
Published: 26 May 2021 in Biological Invasions
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Genetic introgression with native species is recognized as a detrimental impact resulting from biological invasions involving taxonomically similar invaders. Whilst the underlying genetic mechanisms are increasingly understood, the ecological consequences of introgression are relatively less studied, despite their utility for increasing knowledge on how invasion impacts can manifest. Here, the ecological consequences of genetic introgression from an invasive congener were tested using the endemic barbel populations of central Italy, where the invader was the European barbel Barbus barbus. Four populations of native Barbus species (B. plebejus and B. tyberinus) were studied: two purebred and two completely introgressed with alien B. barbus. Across the four populations, differences in their biological traits (growth, body condition and population demographic structure) and trophic ecology (gut content analysis and stable isotope analysis) were tested. While all populations had similar body condition and were dominated by fish up to 2 years of age, the introgressed fish had substantially greater lengths at the same age, with maximum lengths 410–460 mm in hybrids versus 340–360 mm in native purebred barbel. The population characterized by the highest number of introgressed B. barbus alleles (81 %) had the largest trophic niche and a substantially lower trophic position than the other populations through its exploitation of a wider range of resources (e.g. small fishes and plants). These results attest that the genetic introgression of an invasive congener with native species can result in substantial ecological consequences, including the potential for cascading effects.

ACS Style

Vanessa De Santis; Silvia Quadroni; Robert J. Britton; Antonella Carosi; Catherine Gutmann Roberts; Massimo Lorenzoni; Giuseppe Crosa; Serena Zaccara. Biological and trophic consequences of genetic introgression between endemic and invasive Barbus fishes. Biological Invasions 2021, 1 -18.

AMA Style

Vanessa De Santis, Silvia Quadroni, Robert J. Britton, Antonella Carosi, Catherine Gutmann Roberts, Massimo Lorenzoni, Giuseppe Crosa, Serena Zaccara. Biological and trophic consequences of genetic introgression between endemic and invasive Barbus fishes. Biological Invasions. 2021; ():1-18.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vanessa De Santis; Silvia Quadroni; Robert J. Britton; Antonella Carosi; Catherine Gutmann Roberts; Massimo Lorenzoni; Giuseppe Crosa; Serena Zaccara. 2021. "Biological and trophic consequences of genetic introgression between endemic and invasive Barbus fishes." Biological Invasions , no. : 1-18.

Journal article
Published: 30 January 2021 in Water
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In running waters, under climate change conditions, the combined effect of water warming and decreasing flow rates may encourage colonisation by invasive cool and warm-water fish species. The aim of the study was to analyze the potential climate change effects on the spread of four invasive alien fishes in the Tiber River basin, taking into account the effects of river fragmentation. Fish and environmental data collected in 91 sites over the years 1998–2018, were used to analyze temporal changes in their habitat requirements. A multivariate analysis was conducted, and the hypothesis of a range expansion towards the upstream reaches has been tested. For Barbus barbus, Gobio gobio, Padogobius bonelli and Pseudorasbora parva population abundances and body condition were analyzed. Detectability, occupancy, local extinction and colonization probabilities were estimated. We showed that B. barbus and P. bonelli have significantly extended their range toward upstream. P. parva did not move toward higher altitudes significantly, suggesting that, at this stage, the species has probably reached an equilibrium. River fragmentation, elevation, water temperature and average current speed seem to be major determinants in colonization processes, affecting the dispersal ability of the species. Not surprisingly for species introduced in relatively recent times, the colonization probabilities were much higher than extinction probabilities. Our results provided evidence for some synergistic effects between climate changes and alien fish species invasions, in terms of species range shifts mediated by rising water temperatures, although they should be interpreted cautiously, taking into account that these species most likely were not yet stabilized.

ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. The Role of Climate Changes in the Spread of Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Alien Cool and Warm-Water Species in a Mediterranean Basin. Water 2021, 13, 347 .

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Lucia Ghetti, Massimo Lorenzoni. The Role of Climate Changes in the Spread of Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Alien Cool and Warm-Water Species in a Mediterranean Basin. Water. 2021; 13 (3):347.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2021. "The Role of Climate Changes in the Spread of Freshwater Fishes: Implications for Alien Cool and Warm-Water Species in a Mediterranean Basin." Water 13, no. 3: 347.

Regular paper
Published: 23 January 2021 in Journal of Fish Biology
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Two fluviolacustrine lineages (SI1 Barbus and SI2 Barbus) of the Barbus genus have been recently detected in the Apulia‐Campania ichthyogeographic district (southern Italy). The aim of this study was to determine the taxonomic status of these lineages by comparing them with the two already‐established Italian fluviolacustrine species Barbus plebejus and Barbus tyberinus through a more in‐depth molecular and morphological investigation. Genetic analyses were performed on both mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and nuclear (growth hormone paralog 2) DNA markers, and morphological analyses were carried out on specific age classes and purebred populations. Molecular analyses detected four evolutionary lineages at the mitochondrial level, whereas the nuclear data set highlighted the strict evolutionary relation between B. plebejus sensu stricto and the new lineages, converged in the B. plebejus complex clade. The morphological analyses allowed us to discriminate SI1 Barbus and SI2 Barbus from both B. plebejus and B. tyberinus. The new taxa could be discriminated by the greatest maximum body height and the longest pre‐orbital distance, respectively. Both the new lineages have longer ventral and pectoral fins than B. plebejus and B. tyberinus, a larger caudal fin than B. tyberinus and a lower number of scales along the lateral line than B. plebejus. Both molecular and morphological results suggested the two southern Italian lineages could be considered as distinct endemic species: the formal description of the new species Barbus samniticus sp. nov. (i.e., SI1 Barbus) and the revalidation of Barbus fucini Costa, 1853 (i.e., SI2 Barbus) were thus proposed, and, for both species, molecular and morphological diagnosis were provided.

ACS Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Silvia Quadroni; Vanessa De Santis; Isabella Vanetti; Giovanni B. Delmastro; Serena Zaccara. Cryptic diversity within endemic Italian barbels: revalidation and description of new Barbus species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Fish Biology 2021, 98, 1433 -1449.

AMA Style

Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Silvia Quadroni, Vanessa De Santis, Isabella Vanetti, Giovanni B. Delmastro, Serena Zaccara. Cryptic diversity within endemic Italian barbels: revalidation and description of new Barbus species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae). Journal of Fish Biology. 2021; 98 (5):1433-1449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Silvia Quadroni; Vanessa De Santis; Isabella Vanetti; Giovanni B. Delmastro; Serena Zaccara. 2021. "Cryptic diversity within endemic Italian barbels: revalidation and description of new Barbus species (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)." Journal of Fish Biology 98, no. 5: 1433-1449.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Animals
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On the basis of trophic behavior, fish are classified as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or detritivores. Epithelial mucous cells secrete mucin types specific to diet and digestive function. Mucus secretion is regulated mainly by molecular modulators produced by epithelial endocrine cells in response to luminal or tissue stimuli. These modulators are involved in control of food intake and digestive functions. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence studies were conducted on 10 adult northern pike (Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758) from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) to quantify distribution of sub-types of mucous and endocrine cells in alimentary mucosal epithelium. Neutral mucins predominated in the esophagus, and mixed and acidic mucins predominated in stomach and intestine. The gastric epithelium contained endocrine cells secreting somatostatin, tyrosine hydroxylase, and substance P. Mucous cells secreting neutral mucins increased in number from proximal to distal intestine, with endocrine cells containing substance P in the proximal intestine and those containing Leu-enkephalin throughout the intestine. Lectin histochemistry of gut sections revealed an abundance of N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-galactosamine as carbohydrate residues on the mucin chain. The quantity and content of endocrine and mucous cells in the alimentary canal of E. lucius showed a direct relationship with its diet.

ACS Style

Giampaolo Bosi; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli. Mucosal Hallmarks in the Alimentary Canal of Northern Pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus). Animals 2020, 10, 1479 .

AMA Style

Giampaolo Bosi, Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli. Mucosal Hallmarks in the Alimentary Canal of Northern Pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus). Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1479.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giampaolo Bosi; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli. 2020. "Mucosal Hallmarks in the Alimentary Canal of Northern Pike Esox lucius (Linnaeus)." Animals 10, no. 9: 1479.

Original article
Published: 18 June 2020 in Journal of Applied Ichthyology
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In Italian freshwaters the introgressive hybridization with the alien Atlantic trout represents the principal threat to the native endangered Mediterranean trout. The aim of the research was to test the effectiveness of alien trout removal activities carried out by electrofishing in four streams in Central Italy. The four sites were chosen on the basis of the severe genetic introgression level of the trout populations. The removal activities were carried out from December 2014 to July 2017, for a total of 10 eradication campaigns in each site. During each field activity, five environmental parameters (flow rate, conductivity, average depth, average width, accessibility) were collected, since they could influence both the effectiveness of the electrofishing and the biological characteristics of the fish populations. A total of over 22,000 alien trout accounting for a biomass of over 700 kg were removed from the removal sites. For each site, a progressive drastic decrease over time in density and standing crop values was observed. Removal rates ranged from 94.22% to 100.00% for density, and from 96.57% to 100.00% for standing crop. The correlation analysis showed an inverse significant relationship between catchability and populations abundance, confirming that low density populations are more suitable to removal efforts. The progressive removal of specimens improved the catchability over time, indicating that even the largest populations could be eradicated, providing the necessary number of steps in a fishing season. The improved body condition and the greater growth rates observed during the eradication period, in low abundance conditions, seemed to confirm the key role that intraspecific competition and density‐dependent phenomena play in the Apennine trout population dynamics. The results obtained in the present research provided evidence that electrofishing removal could be an effective management tool for the Mediterranean trout conservation, especially in watercourses of modest dimensions in terms of flow rates, width and depth.

ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Gianfrancesco Bonomo; Massimo Lorenzoni. Effectiveness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2020, 36, 461 -471.

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Gianfrancesco Bonomo, Massimo Lorenzoni. Effectiveness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2020; 36 (4):461-471.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Gianfrancesco Bonomo; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2020. "Effectiveness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 36, no. 4: 461-471.

Original research
Published: 09 June 2020 in Ecology and Evolution
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Salmonids inhabiting Mediterranean rivers are of particular concern for biodiversity conservation, as they are threatened by various stressors, including habitat alterations, overfishing, climate change, and introgressive hybridization with alien species. In the Tiber River basin (Central Italy), genetic introgression phenomena of the native Salmo cettii with the non‐native Salmo trutta hinder the separate analysis of the two species, which are both included in the S. trutta complex. Little is known about the factors currently limiting the trout populations in this area, particularly with respect to climate change. With the intention of filling this gap, the aims of the current study were to (a) quantify changes in the climate and (b) analyze the distribution, status, and ecology of trout populations, in the context of changing abiotic conditions over the last decades. Fish stock assessments were carried out by electrofishing during three census periods (1998–2004, 2005–2011, and 2012–2018) at 129 sites. The trend over time of meteorological parameters provided evidence for increased air temperature and decreased rainfall. Multivariate analysis of trout densities and environmental data highlighted the close direct correlation of trout abundance with water quality, altitude, and current speed. Climate‐induced effects observed over time in the sites where trout were sampled have not yet led to local extinctions or distribution shifts, indicating a marked resilience of trout, probably due to the buffering effect of intrinsic population dynamics. Decreasing body conditions over time and unbalanced age structures support the hypothesis that variations in hydraulic regime and water temperature could overcome these compensatory effects, which may lead to a severe decline in trout populations in the near future. In a climate change context, habitat availability plays a key role in the distribution of cold‐water species, which often do not have the possibility to move upstream to reach their thermal optimum because of water scarcity in the upper river stretches.

ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Rosalba Padula; Massimo Lorenzoni. Population status and ecology of the Salmo trutta complex in an Italian river basin under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Ecology and Evolution 2020, 10, 7320 -7333.

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Lucia Ghetti, Rosalba Padula, Massimo Lorenzoni. Population status and ecology of the Salmo trutta complex in an Italian river basin under multiple anthropogenic pressures. Ecology and Evolution. 2020; 10 (14):7320-7333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Rosalba Padula; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2020. "Population status and ecology of the Salmo trutta complex in an Italian river basin under multiple anthropogenic pressures." Ecology and Evolution 10, no. 14: 7320-7333.

Original article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Freshwater Biology
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The brown trout Salmo trutta is characterised by both anadromous (sea trout) and resident populations, naturally occurring in Atlantic and Ponto‐Caspian rivers. Sea trout are currently considered absent from rivers of the Mediterranean area, probably because of the non‐optimal chemical–physical characteristics of the Mediterranean Sea. However, the occasional bycatch of smoltified S. trutta in the Adriatic Sea is well known among fishermen and the biological explanation of this phenomenon is still controversial. The aim of this study was to compare the genetic diversity of freshwater and marine brown trout to try to understand the factors underlying the presence of putative anadromous brown trout in the Adriatic Sea. In this study, we analysed the genetic diversity of: (1) wild brown trout collected from the Esino River (central Italy); (2) a domestic strain of brown trout used for stocking the study area; and (3) a sample of Adriatic sea trout collected near the outlet of the Esino River. Together with genetic analysis, we carried out scale analysis in order to track the freshwater/marine stages of the life cycle in the sea trout samples. The genetic characterisation was carried out by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the mtDNA fragment ND‐5/6 and the nuclear locus LDH‐C1* and by genotyping 15 microsatellite loci. The genetic polymorphism obtained was used to investigate intra‐ and inter‐population genetic diversity, rates of genetic introgression between wild and domestic samples and the origin of sea trout specimens by using assignment tests. Our genetic analyses demonstrated that the sea trout analysed in this study are from the domestic strain of Atlantic origin used in central Italy for stocking activities. The level of genetic introgression between native and domestic samples is high in the Esino River. The populations more resilient to introgressive hybridisation appeared to be those living in the portion of the river network dominated by carbonate rocks. Assignment tests (GeneClass) suggest the existence of a link between stocking efforts and the freshwater origin of the sea trout. In addition, data obtained from the analysis of scales, size measurement, and sex determination showed a pattern of smolt age, size, and sex ratio very similar to those observed in other anadromous populations. In conclusion, the present study highlighted that sea trout from the central Adriatic Sea originated from brown trout of Atlantic origin inhabiting the Esino River. Their seaward migratory behaviour could represent a consequence of an active migration instead of a passive displacement by water flow. Our results also showed that traditional stocking practices represent a negative activity for the conservation of the last Mediterranean native S. trutta populations.

ACS Style

Andrea Splendiani; Tatiana Fioravanti; Paolo Ruggeri; Massimo Giovannotti; Antonella Carosi; Mario Marconi; Massimo Lorenzoni; Tommaso Righi; Paola Nisi Cerioni; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Life history and genetic characterisation of sea trout Salmo trutta in the Adriatic Sea. Freshwater Biology 2019, 65, 460 -473.

AMA Style

Andrea Splendiani, Tatiana Fioravanti, Paolo Ruggeri, Massimo Giovannotti, Antonella Carosi, Mario Marconi, Massimo Lorenzoni, Tommaso Righi, Paola Nisi Cerioni, Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Life history and genetic characterisation of sea trout Salmo trutta in the Adriatic Sea. Freshwater Biology. 2019; 65 (3):460-473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Splendiani; Tatiana Fioravanti; Paolo Ruggeri; Massimo Giovannotti; Antonella Carosi; Mario Marconi; Massimo Lorenzoni; Tommaso Righi; Paola Nisi Cerioni; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. 2019. "Life history and genetic characterisation of sea trout Salmo trutta in the Adriatic Sea." Freshwater Biology 65, no. 3: 460-473.

Journal article
Published: 11 November 2019 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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The native Mediterranean trout populations in central Italy are at risk of extinction. Hybridization with the alien Atlantic trout represents one of the major threats to the species. The main aim of the research was to test the efficiency of morphological characterization in revealing alien trout introduction, pure lineages and local adaptations, in five watersheds of central Apennines (Italy). Data analysis was carried out for a total of 258 specimens already genetically identified. The results of the multivariate analysis, performed using 10 qualitative and 47 quantitative variables, revealed two distinct phenotypic groups and confirmed, at a morphological level, the genetic separation between Atlantic and Mediterranean trout. The morphological variables that play a key role in the discrimination of the Mediterranean trout were: (i) number of parr marks with striped pattern, (ii) adipose fin mainly with white color and without black spots, and (iii) number of black opercular spots, compared to the Atlantic trout. The geometric analysis revealed the importance of the spatial arrangements of spots on the fish flank and the shape of caudal peduncle in discriminating different Mediterranean populations. The information collected confirmed the powerful of morphological surveys in the screening of conservation status of wild trout populations.

ACS Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Massimo Giovannotti; Gianandrea La Porta; Andrea Splendiani; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Morphological survey as powerful detection tool of pure and local phenotypes in Salmo trutta complex. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2019, 48 .

AMA Style

Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Massimo Giovannotti, Gianandrea La Porta, Andrea Splendiani, Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Morphological survey as powerful detection tool of pure and local phenotypes in Salmo trutta complex. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2019; (420):48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Massimo Giovannotti; Gianandrea La Porta; Andrea Splendiani; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. 2019. "Morphological survey as powerful detection tool of pure and local phenotypes in Salmo trutta complex." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 420: 48.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2019 in Water
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Climate changes will lead to a worsening of the ecological conditions, in terms of hydrological instability and rising water temperatures, of the Mediterranean rivers. Freshwater fishes inhabiting this area can be threatened in the near future by accelerating drought and decreased ecological connectivity. The main aim of the research was to analyze changes in the distribution of the endemic freshwater fishes Padogobius nigricans, Squalius lucumonis and Telestes muticellus in the Tiber River basin (Italy), within a proven period of climate warming, in terms of increasing water temperature and droughts. A multivariate analysis was conducted using fish and environmental data collected in 117 sites over the years 1990–2017. For the three species, population abundance, age structure and body condition were analyzed. Detectability, occupancy, local extinction and colonization processes were also examined. We showed that S. lucumonis and T. muticellus have shifted their distributions upstream, likely in order to reach their thermal optimum. Padogobius nigricans did not move upstream significantly, since the species is characterized by limited vagility and thus a low dispersal capability in a context of high river fragmentation. In the study area, elevation and river barriers seem to play a key role in extirpation and colonization processes; for S. lucumonis and T. muticellus the extinction probability decreased with increasing altitude, while for P. nigricans the colonization probability decreased with an increasing degree of river fragmentation. These results highlight how species-specific dispersal ability can lead to varying adaptability to climate change.

ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Rosalba Padula; Lucia Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. Endemic Freshwater Fish Range Shifts Related to Global Climate Changes: A Long-Term Study Provides Some Observational Evidence for the Mediterranean Area. Water 2019, 11, 2349 .

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Rosalba Padula, Lucia Ghetti, Massimo Lorenzoni. Endemic Freshwater Fish Range Shifts Related to Global Climate Changes: A Long-Term Study Provides Some Observational Evidence for the Mediterranean Area. Water. 2019; 11 (11):2349.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Rosalba Padula; Lucia Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2019. "Endemic Freshwater Fish Range Shifts Related to Global Climate Changes: A Long-Term Study Provides Some Observational Evidence for the Mediterranean Area." Water 11, no. 11: 2349.

Original research
Published: 14 August 2019 in Ecology and Evolution
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The Italian peninsula is a biodiversity hotspot, with its freshwater fish fauna characterized by high levels of local endemism. Two endemic fluvio‐lacustrine fishes of the genus Barbus (barbel, family Cyprinidae) have allopatric distributions in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic basins of Italy. Barbus plebejus inhabits the mid‐ to northern Adriatic basins, while B. tyberinus is widespread in all central‐northern basins draining into the Tyrrhenian Sea. For basins in Southern Italy draining into the southern parts of these seas, there remains a knowledge gap on their barbel populations due to no previous genetic and morphological studies, despite their apparent biogeographic isolation. Correspondingly, this study quantified the presence and distribution of barbels in the Adriatic and Tyrrhenian basins of Southern Italy through genetic and morphological analyses of 197 fish sampled across eight populations. Testing of how local isolation has influenced the evolution and persistence of these populations was completed by examining sequence variation at two mitochondrial loci (cytochrome b and D‐loop) and performing geometric morphometric analyses of body shape, plus measuring 11 morphometric and meristic characters. Phylogenetic and morphological analyses revealed the presence of two genetically distinct lineages that differed significantly from adjacent B. tyberinus and B. plebejus populations. These two new taxa, here described as SI1 and SI2 Barbus lineages, are highly structured and reflect a complex mosaic biogeographic pattern that is strongly associated with the underlying hydrographical scenarios of the basins. The geographic isolation of these basins thus has high evolutionary importance that has to be considered for maintaining endemism.

ACS Style

Serena Zaccara; Silvia Quadroni; Vanessa De Santis; Isabella Vanetti; Antonella Carosi; Robert Britton; Massimo Lorenzoni. Genetic and morphological analyses reveal a complex biogeographic pattern in the endemic barbel populations of the southern Italian peninsula. Ecology and Evolution 2019, 9, 10185 -10197.

AMA Style

Serena Zaccara, Silvia Quadroni, Vanessa De Santis, Isabella Vanetti, Antonella Carosi, Robert Britton, Massimo Lorenzoni. Genetic and morphological analyses reveal a complex biogeographic pattern in the endemic barbel populations of the southern Italian peninsula. Ecology and Evolution. 2019; 9 (18):10185-10197.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Serena Zaccara; Silvia Quadroni; Vanessa De Santis; Isabella Vanetti; Antonella Carosi; Robert Britton; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2019. "Genetic and morphological analyses reveal a complex biogeographic pattern in the endemic barbel populations of the southern Italian peninsula." Ecology and Evolution 9, no. 18: 10185-10197.

Research article
Published: 02 January 2019 in Conservation Genetics
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Mediterranean brown trout is subject to several serious threats such as pollution, water abstraction, habitat alteration and especially genetic introgression with domestic strains used for stocking activities. Despite this latter issue has largely been debated by scientists, local managers and stakeholders for decades, official stocking practices with domestic trout still persists in several countries (Italy included), even if there are laws explicitly prohibiting introduction of organisms of non-local origin. Probably, the last opportunity to conserve native brown trout populations is represented by protected areas. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to verify the role of the Nature 2000 network and a national park as valid tools to guarantee the survival of native brown trout in the Apennines. Partial mitochondrial DNA control region sequence analysis and genotyping of the locus LDH-C1* and 11 microsatellites were used to investigate the genetic diversity of three rivers from central Italy. For all rivers investigated a temporal analysis of introgression was also carried out. The genetic diversity of three domestic stocks was included in the sampling design for comparison. The main results of this study indicated that: (i) the genetic diversity of brown trout in central Italy is very complex and (ii) its conservation is seriously threatened by genetic introgression phenomena still ongoing. The only samples showing no introgression or a decrease in genetic introgression were those isolated by the presence of natural and/or artificial barriers to fish movements rather than protected by inhabiting rivers within the Natura 2000 network. This observation prompts an important reflection on issues concerning fluvial continuity restoration and suggests that barrier removal should be undertaken with caution in order to avoid the concrete risk of domestic trout spreading that could promote additional loss of native brown trout biodiversity.

ACS Style

Andrea Splendiani; Massimo Giovannotti; Tommaso Righi; Tatiana Fioravanti; Paola Nisi Cerioni; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Gianandrea La Porta; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Introgression despite protection: the case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy. Conservation Genetics 2019, 20, 343 -356.

AMA Style

Andrea Splendiani, Massimo Giovannotti, Tommaso Righi, Tatiana Fioravanti, Paola Nisi Cerioni, Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Gianandrea La Porta, Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Introgression despite protection: the case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy. Conservation Genetics. 2019; 20 (2):343-356.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrea Splendiani; Massimo Giovannotti; Tommaso Righi; Tatiana Fioravanti; Paola Nisi Cerioni; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Gianandrea La Porta; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. 2019. "Introgression despite protection: the case of native brown trout in Natura 2000 network in Italy." Conservation Genetics 20, no. 2: 343-356.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2019 in Frontiers in Marine Science
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ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Gianfrancesco Bonomo; Massimo Lorenzoni. Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams. Frontiers in Marine Science 2019, 6, 1 .

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Gianfrancesco Bonomo, Massimo Lorenzoni. Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2019; 6 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Gianfrancesco Bonomo; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2019. "Effectivenness of alien brown trout Salmo trutta L. removal activities for the native trout conservation in Mediterranean streams." Frontiers in Marine Science 6, no. : 1.

Original article
Published: 19 November 2018 in Fisheries Management and Ecology
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Global climate changes have led to a gradual warming of the planet, resulting in decreased precipitation and rising temperatures in Mediterranean inland waters. In Trasimeno Lake, the largest shallow lake in Italy, some non‐native fish species have probably benefited from these changes as they are thermophilic and characterised by wider habitat preferences. Fish data collected by gillnets and fyke nets between 1956 and 2016, and by electrofishing in 1993 and 2014, were used to analyse changes over time in the fish community in relation to environmental conditions. An explosion in goldfish Carassius auratus (L.), following its introduction in 1988, coupled with water level fluctuations and reduced transparency, contributed to the reduction in commercial fish catch in the lake, and to the decline of the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus Bianco & Delmastro, already threatened by reduced spawning habitat and interspecific competition with other non‐native predatory fishes.

ACS Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Rosalba Padula; Massimo Lorenzoni. Potential effects of global climate change on fisheries in the Trasimeno Lake (Italy), with special reference to the goldfish Carassius auratus invasion and the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus decline. Fisheries Management and Ecology 2018, 26, 500 -511.

AMA Style

Antonella Carosi, Lucia Ghetti, Rosalba Padula, Massimo Lorenzoni. Potential effects of global climate change on fisheries in the Trasimeno Lake (Italy), with special reference to the goldfish Carassius auratus invasion and the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus decline. Fisheries Management and Ecology. 2018; 26 (6):500-511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonella Carosi; Lucia Ghetti; Rosalba Padula; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2018. "Potential effects of global climate change on fisheries in the Trasimeno Lake (Italy), with special reference to the goldfish Carassius auratus invasion and the endemic southern pike Esox cisalpinus decline." Fisheries Management and Ecology 26, no. 6: 500-511.

Journal article
Published: 16 July 2018 in Parasites & Vectors
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The Northern pike, Esox lucius, is a large, long-lived, top-predator fish species and occupies a broad range of aquatic environments. This species is on its way to becoming an important model organism and has the potential to contribute new knowledge and a better understanding of ecology and evolutionary biology. Very few studies have been done on the intestinal pathology of pike infected with helminths. The present study details the first Italian record of adult Acanthocephalus lucii reported in the intestine of E. lucius. A total of 22 pike from Lake Piediluco (Central Italy) were examined, of which 16 (72.7%) were infected with A. lucii. The most affected areas of gastrointestinal tract were the medium and distal intestine. The intensity of infection ranged from 1 to 18 parasites per host. Acanthocephalus lucii penetrated mucosal and submucosal layers which had a high number of mast cells (MCs) with an intense degranulation. The cellular elements involved in the immune response within the intestine of pike were assessed by ultrastructural techniques and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against met-enkephalin, immunoglobulin E (IgE)-like receptor (FCεRIγ), histamine, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, substance P, lysozyme, serotonin, inducible-nitric oxide synthase (i-NOS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and the antimicrobial peptide piscidin 3 (P3). In intestines of the pike, several MCs were immunopositive to 9 out of the 11 aforementioned antibodies and infected fish had a higher number of positive MCs when compared to uninfected fish. Pike intestinal tissue response to A. lucii was documented. Numerous MCs were seen throughout the mucosa and submucosal layers. In infected and uninfected intestines of pike, MCs were the dominant immune cell type encountered; they are the most common granulocyte type involved in several fish-helminth systems. Immunopositivity of MCs to 9 out of 11 antibodies is of great interest and these cells could play an important key role in the host response to an enteric helminth. This is the first report of A. lucii in an Italian population of E. lucius and the first account on positivity of MCs to piscidin 3 and histamine in a non-perciform fish.

ACS Style

Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli; Luisa Giari; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Maurizio Manera; Giampaolo Bosi. Pike intestinal reaction to Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala): immunohistochemical and ultrastructural surveys. Parasites & Vectors 2018, 11, 424 .

AMA Style

Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli, Luisa Giari, Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Maurizio Manera, Giampaolo Bosi. Pike intestinal reaction to Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala): immunohistochemical and ultrastructural surveys. Parasites & Vectors. 2018; 11 (1):424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bahram Sayyaf Dezfuli; Luisa Giari; Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Maurizio Manera; Giampaolo Bosi. 2018. "Pike intestinal reaction to Acanthocephalus lucii (Acanthocephala): immunohistochemical and ultrastructural surveys." Parasites & Vectors 11, no. 1: 424.

Journal article
Published: 09 April 2018 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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In the Mediterranean area, one of the major threats to freshwater fish fauna is represented by the introduction of alien species. The bullhead, Cottus gobio, is a species of great conservation interest threatened by the massive introduction of hatchery-reared brown trout, Salmo trutta, for angling purposes. The aims of this research were: i) to present a case-study of interspecific and intraspecific competition in dwelling fish from two Mediterranean streams (central Italy); ii) to evaluate the bullhead population status before and after the alien brown trout removal, and iii) to investigate the influence of the environmental parameters on the abundance of both species. For the bullhead populations the abundances and the young-of-the-year percentage significantly increased after the removal activities. The growth analysis showed that, after the trout removal, bullhead were distinguished by greater performance and larger sizes in all age classes in comparison to the pre-removal period, while the condition factor (Kn) showed no differences, suggesting that the effects of trout population control acted mainly through predator-prey dynamics. An inverse correlation between the abundance of bullhead and its body condition suggested that the beneficial effects due to the reduction of predation could be compensated by the intraspecific competition due to the increase of the bullhead population density.

ACS Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Massimo Giovannotti; Gianandrea La Porta; Andrea Splendiani; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Population status of the native Cottus gobio after removal of the alien Salmo trutta: a case-study in two Mediterranean streams (Italy). Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2018, 22 .

AMA Style

Massimo Lorenzoni, Antonella Carosi, Massimo Giovannotti, Gianandrea La Porta, Andrea Splendiani, Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. Population status of the native Cottus gobio after removal of the alien Salmo trutta: a case-study in two Mediterranean streams (Italy). Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2018; (419):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimo Lorenzoni; Antonella Carosi; Massimo Giovannotti; Gianandrea La Porta; Andrea Splendiani; Vincenzo Caputo Barucchi. 2018. "Population status of the native Cottus gobio after removal of the alien Salmo trutta: a case-study in two Mediterranean streams (Italy)." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 419: 22.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2017 in Journal of Applied Ichthyology
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Length–weight relationships for Leucos aula, Scardinius hesperidicus, and Squalius squalus from the Piediluco Lake were provided. Data were collected by means of electrofishing, gill-nets (mesh sizes varying from 5 to 55 mm) and fyke-nets (mesh size 16 mm, total length 8 m, mouth width 1.5 m). The monitoring campaigns were carried out seasonally in the years 2004 and 2011, and in autumn 2012. A total of 5,198 specimens were analyzed. For all the species the value of b ranged between 3.163 for Leucos aula and 3.297 for S. hesperidicus. For L. aula a new maximum total length was also reported.

ACS Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; M. Lorenzoni. Length-weight relationships of three fish species from Piediluco Lake, Italy. Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2017, 33, 1287 -1289.

AMA Style

A. Carosi, L. Ghetti, M. Lorenzoni. Length-weight relationships of three fish species from Piediluco Lake, Italy. Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2017; 33 (6):1287-1289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; M. Lorenzoni. 2017. "Length-weight relationships of three fish species from Piediluco Lake, Italy." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33, no. 6: 1287-1289.

Journal article
Published: 17 February 2017 in Journal of Applied Ichthyology
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The purpose of this research was to analyze the abundance and distribution of four recently introduced fish species in the Tiber River basin: Gobio gobio, Luciobarbus graellsii, Rutilus rutilus, and Rhodeus sericeus. An additional aim was to evaluate the relationships of these species with environmental factors. The study area comprised 92 watercourses in the Umbrian portion of the Tiber River basin and analyzed data collected during 1990–2014, in 158 sampling sites. The results show that all four species were quickly established, with self-sustaining populations revealing invasive characteristics. In just a few years these species extended their distribution significantly in the study area; they preferentially colonized the lower reaches of rivers characterized by warmer waters and a slow current rate and were also associated with poor environmental quality conditions. The research results provide valuable information useful for risk assessment as well as for the design of proper invasive species management programs.

ACS Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; C. Cauzillo; L. Pompei; M. Lorenzoni. Occurrence and distribution of exotic fishes in the Tiber River basin (Umbria, central Italy). Journal of Applied Ichthyology 2017, 33, 274 -283.

AMA Style

A. Carosi, L. Ghetti, C. Cauzillo, L. Pompei, M. Lorenzoni. Occurrence and distribution of exotic fishes in the Tiber River basin (Umbria, central Italy). Journal of Applied Ichthyology. 2017; 33 (2):274-283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; C. Cauzillo; L. Pompei; M. Lorenzoni. 2017. "Occurrence and distribution of exotic fishes in the Tiber River basin (Umbria, central Italy)." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 33, no. 2: 274-283.

Journal article
Published: 10 May 2016 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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The aim of this research was to assess the distribution, abundance and growth of the non-native topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva that was recorded for the first time in the Tiber River Basin (central Italy) in 1994. The competitive interaction of P. parva with four native fish species was also investigated. The study area comprised 92 watercourses of the Umbrian section of the Tiber River Basin. Demographic and environmental data were collected during the period 1990−2014 in 171 sampling sites. The results of this study showed a wide distribution of P. parva in the study area, with records from 23.39% of all sampling sites (40 out of 171). This species inhabits the downstream reaches, where the presence of many non-native species and the poor environmental quality are associated with a decrease in native fish species. A total of 5570 specimens of P. parva were collected and five age classes (0+ to 4+) were identified. The equation for the total length-weight relationship of P. parva was W = 0.021TL2.673±0.015. For the chub Squalius squalus, the Tiber barbel, Barbus tyberinus, and the roach, Rutilus rubilio, the average values of the relative weight were significantly higher in the sites where P. parva was absent. The results of the present study suggest the need to undertake proper strategies for native biodiversity conservation. Résumé L’objectif de cette recherche était d’évaluer la distribution, l’abondance et la croissance de Pseudorasbora parva non-indigène qui a été observé pour la première fois en 1994 dans le bassin du fleuve Tibre. L’interaction compétitive de P. parva avec quatre espèces de poissons indigènes a également été étudiée. La zone d’étude comprend 92 cours d’eau de la région ombrienne du bassin du fleuve Tibre. Les données démographiques et environnementales ont été recueillies au cours de la période 1990−2014 dans 171 sites d’échantillonnage. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré une large distribution de P. parva dans la zone d’étude, avec sa présence dans 23,39% de tous les sites d’échantillonnage (40 sur 171). Cette espèce habite les tronçons aval, où la présence de nombreuses espèces non indigènes et de la faible qualité de l’environnement ont été associées à une diminution des espèces de poissons indigènes. Un total de 5570 spécimens de P. parva ont été recueillis et cinq classes d’âge (0+ à 4+) ont été identifiées. L’équation de la relation longueur totale − poids était W = 0.021TL2.673±0.015. Pour le chevesne Squalius squalus, le barbeau du Tibre Barbus tyberinus et le gardon Rutilus rubilio les valeurs moyennes du poids relatif (Wr) étaient significativement plus élevées dans les sites où P. parva était absent. Les résultats de la présente étude suggèrent la nécessité d’entreprendre des stratégies appropriées pour la conservation de la biodiversité indigène.

ACS Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. Status ofPseudorasbora parvain the Tiber River Basin (Umbria, central Italy) 20 years after its introduction. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2016, 22 .

AMA Style

A. Carosi, L. Ghetti, Massimo Lorenzoni. Status ofPseudorasbora parvain the Tiber River Basin (Umbria, central Italy) 20 years after its introduction. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2016; (417):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2016. "Status ofPseudorasbora parvain the Tiber River Basin (Umbria, central Italy) 20 years after its introduction." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 417: 22.

Journal article
Published: 14 September 2015 in Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems
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Knowledge and management of aquatic ecosystems (formerly Bulletin Français de la Pèche et de la Pisciculture), an international journal on freshwater ecosystem

ACS Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; A. Forconi; Massimo Lorenzoni. Fish community of the river Tiber basin (Umbria-Italy): temporal changes and possible threats to native biodiversity. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems 2015, 22 .

AMA Style

A. Carosi, L. Ghetti, A. Forconi, Massimo Lorenzoni. Fish community of the river Tiber basin (Umbria-Italy): temporal changes and possible threats to native biodiversity. Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems. 2015; (416):22.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Carosi; L. Ghetti; A. Forconi; Massimo Lorenzoni. 2015. "Fish community of the river Tiber basin (Umbria-Italy): temporal changes and possible threats to native biodiversity." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems , no. 416: 22.