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Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is important for large-scale hybrid seed production. Rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) for the cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) CMS line J4A were responsible for pollen abortion. However, the expression patterns of nuclear genes associated with pollen abortion and the molecular basis of CMS for J4A are unknown, and were the objectives of this study by comparing J4A with the J4B maintainer line. Cytological evaluation of J4A anthers showed that microspore abortion occurs during meiosis preventing pollen development. Changes in enzyme activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex IV and mitochondrial respiratory chain complex V and the content of ribosomal protein and ATP during anther abortion were observed for J4A suggesting insufficient synthesis of ATP hindered pollen production. Additionally, levels of sucrose, starch, soluble sugar, and fructose were significantly altered in J4A during the meiosis stage, suggesting reduced sugar metabolism contributed to sterility. Transcriptome and miRNAomics analyses identified 4461 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEGs) and 26 differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMIs). Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the DEMIs were associated with starch and sugar metabolism. Six deduced target gene regulatory pairs that may participate in CMS were identified, ghi-MIR7484-10/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 (MAPKK6), ghi-undef-156/agamous-like MADS-box protein AGL19 (AGL19), ghi-MIR171-1-22/SNF1-related protein kinase regulatory subunit gamma-1 and protein trichome birefringence-like 38, and ghi-MIR156-(8/36)/WRKY transcription factor 28 (WRKY28). Overall, a putative CMS mechanism involving mitochondrial dysfunction, the ghi-MIR7484-10/MAPKK6 network, and reduced glucose metabolism was suggested, and ghi-MIR7484-10/MAPKK6 may be related to abnormal microspore meiosis and induction of excessive sucrose accumulation in anthers.
Min Li; Li Chen; Aziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Rao; Jibin Wang; Lingqiang Wang; Ruiyang Zhou. Transcriptome and MiRNAomics Analyses Identify Genes Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 4684 .
AMA StyleMin Li, Li Chen, Aziz Khan, Xiangjun Kong, Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Rao, Jibin Wang, Lingqiang Wang, Ruiyang Zhou. Transcriptome and MiRNAomics Analyses Identify Genes Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (9):4684.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMin Li; Li Chen; Aziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Rao; Jibin Wang; Lingqiang Wang; Ruiyang Zhou. 2021. "Transcriptome and MiRNAomics Analyses Identify Genes Associated with Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 9: 4684.
Male sterility (MS) plays a key role in the hybrid breed production of plants. Researchers have focused on the association between genetic male sterility (GMS) and cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in kenaf. In this study, P9BS (a natural GMS mutant of the kenaf line P9B) and male plants of P9B were used as parents in multiple backcross generations to produce P9SA, a CMS line with stable sterility, to explore the molecular mechanisms of the association between GMS and CMS. The anthers of the maintainer (P9B), GMS (P9BS), and CMS (P9SA) lines were compared through phenotypic, cell morphological, physiological, biochemical observations, and transcriptome analysis. Premature degradation of the tapetum was observed at the mononuclear stage in P9BS and P9SA, which also had lower activity of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes compared with P9B. Many coexpressed differentially expressed genes were related to ROS balance, including ATP synthase, electron chain transfer, and ROS scavenging processes were upregulated in P9B. CMS plants had a higher ROS accumulation than GMS plants. The MDA content in P9SA was 3.2 times that of P9BS, and therefore, a higher degree of abortion occurred in P9SA, which may indicate that the conversion between CMS and GMS is related to intracellular ROS accumulation. Our study adds new insights into the natural transformation of GMS and CMS in plants in general and kenaf in particular.
Yiding Liu; Bujin Zhou; Aziz Khan; Jie Zheng; Farman Dawar; Kashif Akhtar; Ruiyang Zhou. Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Strongly Allied with Genetic Male Sterility Convertible to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Kenaf. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 1107 .
AMA StyleYiding Liu, Bujin Zhou, Aziz Khan, Jie Zheng, Farman Dawar, Kashif Akhtar, Ruiyang Zhou. Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Strongly Allied with Genetic Male Sterility Convertible to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Kenaf. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (3):1107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYiding Liu; Bujin Zhou; Aziz Khan; Jie Zheng; Farman Dawar; Kashif Akhtar; Ruiyang Zhou. 2021. "Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation Strongly Allied with Genetic Male Sterility Convertible to Cytoplasmic Male Sterility in Kenaf." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3: 1107.
The textile industry is one of the most chemically intensive industries, and its wastewater is comprised of harmful dyes, pigments, dissolved/suspended solids, and heavy metals. The treatment of textile wastewater has become a necessary task before discharge into the environment. The textile effluent can be treated by conventional methods, however, the limitations of these techniques are high cost, incomplete removal, and production of concentrated sludge. This review illustrates recent knowledge about the application of floating treatment wetlands (FTWs) for remediation of textile wastewater. The FTWs system is a potential alternative technology for textile wastewater treatment. FTWs efficiently removed the dyes, pigments, organic matter, nutrients, heavy metals, and other pollutants from the textile effluent. Plants and bacteria are essential components of FTWs, which contribute to the pollutant removal process through their physical effects and metabolic process. Plants species with extensive roots structure and large biomass are recommended for vegetation on floating mats. The pollutant removal efficiency can be enhanced by the right selection of plants, managing plant coverage, improving aeration, and inoculation by specific bacterial strains. The proper installation and maintenance practices can further enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and aesthetic value of the FTWs. Further research is suggested to develop guidelines for the selection of right plants and bacterial strains for the efficient remediation of textile effluent by FTWs at large scales.
Fan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5801 .
AMA StyleFan Wei, Munazzam Shahid, Ghalia Alnusairi, Muhammad Afzal, Aziz Khan, Mohamed El-Esawi, Zohaib Abbas, Kunhua Wei, Ihsan Zaheer, Muhammad Rizwan, Shafaqat Ali. Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (14):5801.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan Wei; Munazzam Shahid; Ghalia Alnusairi; Muhammad Afzal; Aziz Khan; Mohamed El-Esawi; Zohaib Abbas; Kunhua Wei; Ihsan Zaheer; Muhammad Rizwan; Shafaqat Ali. 2020. "Implementation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Textile Wastewater Management: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 14: 5801.
The isolation of high-quality RNA from kenaf is crucial for genetic and molecular biology studies. However, high levels of polysaccharide and polyphenol compounds in kenaf tissues could irreversibly bind to and coprecipitate with RNA, which complicates RNA extraction. In the present study, we proposed a simplified, time-saving and low-cost extraction method for isolating high quantities of high-quality RNA from several different kenaf tissues. RNA quality was measured for yield and purity, and the proposed protocol yielded high quantities of RNA (10.1-12.9 μg/g·FW). Spectrophotometric analysis showed that A260/280 ratios of RNA samples were in the range of 2.11 to 2.13, and A260/230 ratios were in the range of 2.04-2.24, indicating that the RNA samples were free of polyphenols, polysaccharides, and protein contaminants after isolation. The method of RNA extraction presented here was superior to the conventional CTAB method in terms of RNA isolation efficiency and was more sample-adaptable and cost-effective than commercial kits. Furthermore, to confirm downstream amenability, the high-quality RNA obtained from this method was successfully used for RT-PCR, real-time RT-PCR and Northern blot analysis. We provide an efficient and low-cost method for extracting high quantities of high-quality RNA from plants that are rich in polyphenols and polysaccharides, and this method was also validated for the isolation of high-quality RNA from other plants.
Xiaofang Liao; Hongwei Li; Aziz Khan; Yanhong Zhao; Wenhuan Hou; Xingfu Tang; Kashif Akhtar; Ruiyang Zhou. A simple method for isolating high-quality RNA from kenaf containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol contents. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleXiaofang Liao, Hongwei Li, Aziz Khan, Yanhong Zhao, Wenhuan Hou, Xingfu Tang, Kashif Akhtar, Ruiyang Zhou. A simple method for isolating high-quality RNA from kenaf containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol contents. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofang Liao; Hongwei Li; Aziz Khan; Yanhong Zhao; Wenhuan Hou; Xingfu Tang; Kashif Akhtar; Ruiyang Zhou. 2020. "A simple method for isolating high-quality RNA from kenaf containing high polysaccharide and polyphenol contents." , no. : 1.
DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification mechanism in higher plants that affects several biological processes by regulating gene expression without alteration in DNA sequence. Although, gene expression of cotton cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line H276A has been conducted but its regulation mechanism of gene expression is unknown. Therefore, a bisulfite sequencing (BS-Seq) technology was utilized to evaluate genome wide relative study of DNA methylation of the cotton CMS line H276A and its maintainer line H276B. Data showed that 1498 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) and 5762 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were observed between two samples, respectively. The KEGG pathway analysis exhibited that 139 DMGs were highly enriched in eight pathways, i.e. starch and sucrose metabolism, ABC transporters and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, 74 DMGs were identified as encoding transcription factors (TFs). Eight DMGs were randomly selected to confirm the correlation between DNA methylation and gene expression using qRT-PCR. Results indicated that 6 of 8 DMGs showed a negative relationship between gene expression and DNA methylation. Twelve key DMGs, which involved in carbohydrate and energy metabolism, TFs and male gametophyte development, potentially related to cotton CMS were also identified. These data will provide better understanding of DNA methylation alteration and their potential roles in cotton CMS.
Xiangjun Kong; Aziz Khan; Bin Li; Jie Zheng; Farman Ullah Dawar; Min Li; Jingyi You; Zhiling Li; Ruiyang Zhou. Deviant DNA methylation play a key role in the pollen abortion of Gossypium barbadense L. cytoplasmic male sterility. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 154, 112622 .
AMA StyleXiangjun Kong, Aziz Khan, Bin Li, Jie Zheng, Farman Ullah Dawar, Min Li, Jingyi You, Zhiling Li, Ruiyang Zhou. Deviant DNA methylation play a key role in the pollen abortion of Gossypium barbadense L. cytoplasmic male sterility. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 154 ():112622.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiangjun Kong; Aziz Khan; Bin Li; Jie Zheng; Farman Ullah Dawar; Min Li; Jingyi You; Zhiling Li; Ruiyang Zhou. 2020. "Deviant DNA methylation play a key role in the pollen abortion of Gossypium barbadense L. cytoplasmic male sterility." Industrial Crops and Products 154, no. : 112622.
Plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a maternal genetic trait that results from incompatibilities between the organellar and nuclear genomes which causes pollen abortion. Cytoplasmic male sterility plays an important role in hybrid seed production and heterosis utilization. In kenaf, cytoplasmic male sterility has been exploited in hybrid seed production for several years, but its molecular mechanism has not yet been disclosed. In the present work, the mitochondrial genome of the isonuclear cytoplasmic male sterile line UG93A compared with maintainer line UG93B was described and a total of 398 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 230 insertions/deletions (InDels) were identified in the UG93A mitochondrial DNA. A total of 26 single nucleotide polymorphisms and insertions/deletions were identified in the coding region of atp6, indicating active mitochondrial genome rearrangement. An expression cassette containing atp6 of UG93A without a fused mitochondrial transit peptide induced male sterility in tobacco and Arabidopsis. This indicated abnormal pollen grains and lack of pollen activity. Conclusively, coding sequence of atp6, which contains single nucleotide polymorphism and indel variations may play a crucial role in regulating male sterility in kenaf. These data suggested that atp6 of UG93A may be a candidate gene for kenaf cytoplasmic male sterility and provided basic information for further study of the molecular mechanisms of cytoplasmic male sterility in kenaf.
Xiaofang Liao; Meiling Wei; Aziz Khan; Yanhong Zhao; Xiangjun Kong; Bujin Zhou; Min Li; Shuangshuang Peng; Fazal Munsif; Abid Ullah; Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome and expression variation between UG93A and UG93B reveals a candidate gene related to cytoplasmic male sterility in kenaf. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 152, 112502 .
AMA StyleXiaofang Liao, Meiling Wei, Aziz Khan, Yanhong Zhao, Xiangjun Kong, Bujin Zhou, Min Li, Shuangshuang Peng, Fazal Munsif, Abid Ullah, Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome and expression variation between UG93A and UG93B reveals a candidate gene related to cytoplasmic male sterility in kenaf. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 152 ():112502.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofang Liao; Meiling Wei; Aziz Khan; Yanhong Zhao; Xiangjun Kong; Bujin Zhou; Min Li; Shuangshuang Peng; Fazal Munsif; Abid Ullah; Ruiyang Zhou. 2020. "Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome and expression variation between UG93A and UG93B reveals a candidate gene related to cytoplasmic male sterility in kenaf." Industrial Crops and Products 152, no. : 112502.
Canola crop has the potential for both seeds and grazing. Optimal planting density, time of nitrogen (N) fertilizer application and rates are the major aspects for successful qualitative traits and canola yield formation. In this content, optimization of planting density, N levels and its time of application in dual purpose canola are needed. This study was carried out in RCB design with split pot arrangement having three repeats during winter 2012–2013 and 2013–2014. The study evaluated N levels (120 and 80 kg N ha−1), cutting treatment, N application timings and planting density (20 and 40 plants m−2) effects on qualitative traits and yield of canola. No-cut treatment had 7.02%, 2.46%, and 4.26% higher, glucosinolates, oil, and protein content with 31.3% and 30.5% higher biological and grain yield respectively, compared with grazed canola. Compared with no-cut canola, grazed canola resulted in 7.74% of higher erucic acid. Further, application of N at 120 kg N ha−1 had 8.81%, 5.52%, and 6.06% higher glucosinolates, percent protein, and seed yield, respectively than 80 kg N ha−1. In-addition, the application of N into two splits was most beneficial than the rest application timings. Cutting had 15% reduction in grain yield of canola and fetched additional income of 143.6 USD compared with no-cut. Grazing resulted in a 23% reduction in grain yield while had additional income of 117.7 USD from fodder yield. Conclusively, the application of N in two splits at 120 kg N ha−1 combined with 20 plants m−2 is a promising strategy to achieve good qualitative attributes and canola yield under dual purpose system.
Sajjad Zaheer; Muhammad Arif; Kashif Akhtar; Ahmad Khan; Aziz Khan; Shahida Bibi; Mehtab Muhammad Aslam; Salman Ali; Fazal Munsif; Fazal Jalal; Noor Ul Ain; Fazal Said; Muhammad Ali Khan; Muhammad Jahangir; Fan Wei. Grazing and Cutting under Different Nitrogen Rates, Application Methods and Planting Density Strongly Influence Qualitative Traits and Yield of Canola Crop. Agronomy 2020, 10, 404 .
AMA StyleSajjad Zaheer, Muhammad Arif, Kashif Akhtar, Ahmad Khan, Aziz Khan, Shahida Bibi, Mehtab Muhammad Aslam, Salman Ali, Fazal Munsif, Fazal Jalal, Noor Ul Ain, Fazal Said, Muhammad Ali Khan, Muhammad Jahangir, Fan Wei. Grazing and Cutting under Different Nitrogen Rates, Application Methods and Planting Density Strongly Influence Qualitative Traits and Yield of Canola Crop. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (3):404.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSajjad Zaheer; Muhammad Arif; Kashif Akhtar; Ahmad Khan; Aziz Khan; Shahida Bibi; Mehtab Muhammad Aslam; Salman Ali; Fazal Munsif; Fazal Jalal; Noor Ul Ain; Fazal Said; Muhammad Ali Khan; Muhammad Jahangir; Fan Wei. 2020. "Grazing and Cutting under Different Nitrogen Rates, Application Methods and Planting Density Strongly Influence Qualitative Traits and Yield of Canola Crop." Agronomy 10, no. 3: 404.
Besides carbon (C) sequestration, biochar (BC) is recently believed to deliver multiple eco-friendly benefits to the soil for enhancing crop productivity. Use of mineral fertilizers coupled with BC been suggested a promising sustainable strategy for increasing crops yield. However, imperative study is needed to investigate (1) BC integration with multiple legumes crop adjusted in summer gape for pooling more organic carbon and nitrogen, and (2) subsequently looking into its synergism with mineral N in the following crop. Therefore, two years’ field experiments were conducted on maize under cereal based cropping pattern with the adjustment of legumes (i.e., mungbean, cowpea, and Sesbania) with a fallow in summer. In legumes, treatments consist of (0 and 50 t ha−1) BC application. However, N rates of 0, 90, 120, 150 kg ha−1 were added to the subsequent maize crop. Preceding legumes plots with the use of 50 t ha−1 biochar enhanced maize grain yield, above ground biomass, stover N, grain N, soil C, and N content after maize harvest and N use efficiency as compared to non-legumes with BC and legumes without BC plots. N application increased grain yield, above-ground biomass, stover N, grain N, and soil N but reduced N use efficiency with higher rates. Conclusively, the integration of biochar and legumes is a promising option for increasing the entire farm production of cereal-based cropping systems. This increment in yield was associated with supplying a viable input of N and C to soil and increased yields from this supplementary ‘summer gap’ crop.
Fazal Jalal; Muhammad Arif; Kashif Akhtar; Aziz Khan; Misbah Naz; Fazal Said; Sajjad Zaheer; Syed Hussain; Muhammad Imtiaz; Muhammad Ali Khan; Muhammad Ali; Fan Wei. Biochar Integration with Legume Crops in Summer Gape Synergizes Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhance Maize Yield. Agronomy 2020, 10, 58 .
AMA StyleFazal Jalal, Muhammad Arif, Kashif Akhtar, Aziz Khan, Misbah Naz, Fazal Said, Sajjad Zaheer, Syed Hussain, Muhammad Imtiaz, Muhammad Ali Khan, Muhammad Ali, Fan Wei. Biochar Integration with Legume Crops in Summer Gape Synergizes Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhance Maize Yield. Agronomy. 2020; 10 (1):58.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFazal Jalal; Muhammad Arif; Kashif Akhtar; Aziz Khan; Misbah Naz; Fazal Said; Sajjad Zaheer; Syed Hussain; Muhammad Imtiaz; Muhammad Ali Khan; Muhammad Ali; Fan Wei. 2020. "Biochar Integration with Legume Crops in Summer Gape Synergizes Nitrogen Use Efficiency and Enhance Maize Yield." Agronomy 10, no. 1: 58.
Manipulation of planting density and choice of variety are effective management components in any cropping system that aims to enhance the balance between environmental resource availability and crop requirements. One-time fertilization at first flower with a medium plant stand under late sowing has not yet been attempted. To fill this knowledge gap, changes in leaf structural (stomatal density, stomatal length, stomata width, stomatal pore perimeter, and leaf thickness), leaf gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence attributes of different cotton varieties were made in order to change the planting densities to improve lint yield under a new planting model. A two-year field evaluation was carried out on cotton varieties—V1 (Zhongmian-16) and V2 (J-4B)—to examine the effect of changing the planting density (D1, low, 3 × 104; D2, moderate, 6 × 104; and D3, dense, 9 × 104) on cotton lint yield, leaf structure, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf gas exchange attribute responses. Across these varieties, J-4B had higher lint yield compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. Plants at high density had depressed leaf structural traits, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 uptake, quenching (qP), actual quantum yield of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) in both years. Crops at moderate density had improved leaf gas exchange traits, stomatal density, number of stomata, pore perimeter, length, and width, as well as increased qP, ΦPSII, and Fv/Fm compared with low- and high-density plants. Improvement in leaf structural and functional traits contributed to 15.9%–10.7% and 12.3%–10.5% more boll m−2, with 20.6%–13.4% and 28.9%–24.1% higher lint yield averaged across both years, respectively, under moderate planting density compared with low and high density. In conclusion, the data underscore the importance of proper agronomic methods for cotton production, and that J-4B and Zhongmian-16 varieties, grown under moderate and lower densities, could be a promising option based on improved lint yield in subtropical regions.
Aziz Khan; Jie Zheng; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Ahmad Khan; Kashif Akhtar; Xiangjun Kong; Fazal Munsif; Anas Iqbal; Muhammad Zahir Afridi; Abid Ullah; Shah Fahad; Ruiyang Zhou. Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model. Agronomy 2019, 9, 859 .
AMA StyleAziz Khan, Jie Zheng, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Ahmad Khan, Kashif Akhtar, Xiangjun Kong, Fazal Munsif, Anas Iqbal, Muhammad Zahir Afridi, Abid Ullah, Shah Fahad, Ruiyang Zhou. Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAziz Khan; Jie Zheng; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Ahmad Khan; Kashif Akhtar; Xiangjun Kong; Fazal Munsif; Anas Iqbal; Muhammad Zahir Afridi; Abid Ullah; Shah Fahad; Ruiyang Zhou. 2019. "Changes in Leaf Structural and Functional Characteristics when Changing Planting Density at Different Growth Stages Alters Cotton Lint Yield under a New Planting Model." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 859.
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is an important agronomic feature and provides an effective tool for heterosis utilization of crops. This study reports the comparative transcriptomic sketches between a novel allohexaploid cotton progeny CMS line LD6A and its maintainer line LD6B using de novo transcriptome sequencing technology at the pollen abortion stage. A total of 128,901 Unigenes were identified, in which 2007 were upregulated and 11,864 were downregulated. The significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in LD6A show a distant and diverse genetic nature due to their distant hybrid hexaploidy progeny. Further analysis revealed that most of the DEGs participated in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, histone acetyltransferase activity, sepal development, stigma development, cotyledon development and microsporogenesis. A highly differentially expressed toxic protein, Abrin, was identified in the CMS line LD6A, which can catalyze the inactivation of ribosomes and consequently lead to cell death through the mitochondrial pathway in human cells. Twelve DEGs were selected randomly to validate transcriptome data using quantitative reverse-transcribed PCR (qRT-PCR). This study will contribute to new ideas and foundations related to the molecular mechanism of CMS and the innovation of cotton germplasm resources.
Jie Zheng; Xiangjun Kong; Bin Li; Aziz Khan; Zhiling Li; Yiding Liu; Haodong Kang; Farman Ullah Dawar; Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between a Novel Allohexaploid Cotton Progeny CMS Line LD6A and Its Maintainer Line LD6B. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2019, 20, 6127 .
AMA StyleJie Zheng, Xiangjun Kong, Bin Li, Aziz Khan, Zhiling Li, Yiding Liu, Haodong Kang, Farman Ullah Dawar, Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between a Novel Allohexaploid Cotton Progeny CMS Line LD6A and Its Maintainer Line LD6B. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2019; 20 (24):6127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJie Zheng; Xiangjun Kong; Bin Li; Aziz Khan; Zhiling Li; Yiding Liu; Haodong Kang; Farman Ullah Dawar; Ruiyang Zhou. 2019. "Comparative Transcriptome Analysis between a Novel Allohexaploid Cotton Progeny CMS Line LD6A and Its Maintainer Line LD6B." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 24: 6127.
Due to the changing climate, frequent episodes of drought have threatened cotton lint yield by offsetting their physiological and biochemical functioning. An efficient use of irrigation water can help to produce more crops per drop in cotton production systems. We assume that an optimal drip irrigation with low mepiquat chloride application could increase water productivity (WP) and maintain lint yields by enhancing leaf functional characteristics. A 2-year field experiment determines the response of irrigation regimes (600 (W1), 540 (W2), 480 (W3), 420 (W4) 360 (W5) m3 ha−1) on cotton growth, photosynthesis, fiber quality, biomass accumulation and yield. Mepiquat chloride was sprayed in different concentration at various growth phases (see material section). Result showed that W1 increased leaf area index (LAI) by 5.3–36.0%, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 3.4–23.2%, chlorophyll content (Chl) by 1.3–12.0% than other treatments. Improvements in these attributes led to higher lint yield. However, no differences were observed between W1 and W2 in terms of lint and seed cotton yield, but W2 increased WP by 3.7% in both years. Compared with other counterparts, W2 had the largest LAI (4.3–32.1%) at the full boll stage and prolonged reproductive organ biomass (ROB) accumulation by 30–35 d during the fast accumulation period (FAP). LAI, the average (VT) and maximum (VM) biomass accumulation rates of ROB were positively correlated with lint yield. In conclusion, the drip irrigation level of 540–600 m3 ha−1 with reduced MC application is a good strategy to achieve higher WP and lint yield by improving leaf photosynthetic traits and more reproductive organ biomass accumulation.
Hongyun Gao; Hui Ma; Aziz Khan; Jun Xia; Xianzhe Hao; Fangyong Wang; Honghai Luo. Moderate Drip Irrigation Level with Low Mepiquat Chloride Application Increases Cotton Lint Yield by Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Reproductive Organ Biomass Accumulation in Arid Region. Agronomy 2019, 9, 834 .
AMA StyleHongyun Gao, Hui Ma, Aziz Khan, Jun Xia, Xianzhe Hao, Fangyong Wang, Honghai Luo. Moderate Drip Irrigation Level with Low Mepiquat Chloride Application Increases Cotton Lint Yield by Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Reproductive Organ Biomass Accumulation in Arid Region. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (12):834.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHongyun Gao; Hui Ma; Aziz Khan; Jun Xia; Xianzhe Hao; Fangyong Wang; Honghai Luo. 2019. "Moderate Drip Irrigation Level with Low Mepiquat Chloride Application Increases Cotton Lint Yield by Improving Leaf Photosynthetic Rate and Reproductive Organ Biomass Accumulation in Arid Region." Agronomy 9, no. 12: 834.
The changing climatic conditions are causing erratic rains and frequent episodes of moisture stress; these impose a great challenge to cotton productivity by negatively affecting plant physiological, biochemical and molecular processes. This situation requires an efficient management of water-nutrient to achieve optimal crop production. Wise use of water-nutrient in cotton production and improved water use-efficiency may help to produce more crop per drop. We hypothesized that the application of nitrogen into deep soil layers can improve water-nitrogen productivity by promoting root growth and functional attributes of cotton crop. To test this hypothesis, a two-year pot experiment under field conditions was conducted to explore the effects of two irrigation levels (i.e., pre-sowing irrigation (W80) and no pre-sowing irrigation (W0)) combined with different fertilization methods (i.e., surface application (F10) and deep application (F30)) on soil water content, soil available nitrogen, roots morpho-physiological attributes, dry mass and water-nitrogen productivity of cotton. W80 treatment increased root length by 3.1%–17.5% in the 0–40 cm soil layer compared with W0. W80 had 11.3%–52.9% higher root nitrate reductase activity in the 10–30 cm soil layer and 18.8%–67.9% in the 60–80 cm soil layer compared with W0. The W80F10 resulted in 4.3%–44.1% greater root nitrate reductase activity compared with other treatments in the 0–30 cm soil layer at 54–84 days after emergence. Water-nitrogen productivity was positively associated with dry mass, water consumption, root length and root nitrate reductase activity. Our data highlighted that pre-sowing irrigation coupled with basal surface fertilization is a promising option in terms of improved cotton root growth. Functioning in the surface soil profile led to a higher reproductive organ biomass production and water-nitrogen productivity.
Zongkui Chen; Hongyun Gao; Fei Hou; Aziz Khan; Honghai Luo. Pre-Sowing Irrigation Plus Surface Fertilization Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits and Sustaining Water-Nitrogen Productivity of Cotton. Agronomy 2019, 9, 772 .
AMA StyleZongkui Chen, Hongyun Gao, Fei Hou, Aziz Khan, Honghai Luo. Pre-Sowing Irrigation Plus Surface Fertilization Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits and Sustaining Water-Nitrogen Productivity of Cotton. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (11):772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZongkui Chen; Hongyun Gao; Fei Hou; Aziz Khan; Honghai Luo. 2019. "Pre-Sowing Irrigation Plus Surface Fertilization Improves Morpho-Physiological Traits and Sustaining Water-Nitrogen Productivity of Cotton." Agronomy 9, no. 11: 772.
Phosphorus (P) plays a key role in regulating plants physio-biochemical processes of plants and is indispensable for cotton production. However, the mechanism how does root morpho-physiological characteristics can affect P uptake, assimilation and use efficiency in different soil layers at various fertigation depths have not been studied. To fill this knowledge gap, a two-year pot experiment under field conditions was conducted to evaluate the effects of two irrigation levels, i.e., presowing irrigation (W80, 0.28 m3 water equivalent to 80 ± 5 % field capacity) and no presowing irrigation (W0, no water applied to the entire depth of the tube), and two basal fertilization methods [surface application (F10) and deep application (F30)] on root physiology, biomass accumulation, P uptake, transportation, and distribution in the cotton crop. The W80 treatment had 2.4–11.1% lower soil available P content (SAP) in the 0−50 cm soil layer but 6.1–14.4% higher SAP in the 60−120 cm soil layer than those in the W0 treatment. In the fertilization treatments, F10 had 0.35–17.0% greater SAP content in the 0−20 cm soil layer than F30. The W80F10 combination resulted in higher root length (RL) in the 0−20 cm soil layer, higher root acid phosphatase activity (ACP) in the 0−40 cm and 60−80 cm soil layers, and increased root phosphorus content (RP) in the 0−60 cm soil profile. W80F10 increased sap flow (SF), dry matter, and P accumulation in the reproductive organs compared with those in the other treatments. P utilization was positively associated with RL and root ACP in the 0−40 cm soil layer. Root ACP RL in the 0−40 cm soil layer and root ACP in the 60−80 cm soil layer were also positively related with SF, but SF had a negative relationship with RP in the 0−60 cm soil layer. In conclusion, presowing irrigation in conjunction with basal surface fertilization can increase P absorption and translocation by improving RL and ACP in the 0−40 cm and 60−80 cm soil layers before the full flowering stage. This also improves the competitive ability of the reproductive organs to access RP in the 0−60 cm soil layer, leading to higher P utilization in cotton.
Zongkui Chen; Aziz Khan; Xiaojuan Shi; Xianzhe Hao; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Honghai Luo. Water-nutrient management enhances root morpho-physiological functioning, phosphorus absorption, transportation and utilization of cotton in arid region. Industrial Crops and Products 2019, 143, 111975 .
AMA StyleZongkui Chen, Aziz Khan, Xiaojuan Shi, Xianzhe Hao, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Honghai Luo. Water-nutrient management enhances root morpho-physiological functioning, phosphorus absorption, transportation and utilization of cotton in arid region. Industrial Crops and Products. 2019; 143 ():111975.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZongkui Chen; Aziz Khan; Xiaojuan Shi; Xianzhe Hao; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Honghai Luo. 2019. "Water-nutrient management enhances root morpho-physiological functioning, phosphorus absorption, transportation and utilization of cotton in arid region." Industrial Crops and Products 143, no. : 111975.
The current farming system is heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers, which negatively affect soil health, the environment, and crop productivity. Improving crop production on a sustainable basis is a challenging issue in the present agricultural system. To address this issue, we assumed that the combined use of organic manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers can improve rice grain yield and soil properties without the expense of the environment. This study explores the combined effects of cattle manure (CM), poultry manure (PM), and chemical fertilizer (CF) on soil properties, rice growth, physiology, and grain yield and quality. Six treatments in the following combinations were included: T1—no N fertilizer; T2—100% CF; T3—60% CM + 40% CF; T4—30% CM + 70% CF; T5—60% PM + 40% CF; and T6—30% PM + 70% CF. Results showed that across the seasons, treatment T6 increased the net photosynthesis rate, total biomass, grain yield, and amylose content by 23%, 90%, 95%, and 10%, respectively, compared with control. This increment in net photosynthetic rate and growth was the result of 24%, 14%, 19%, and 20% higher total root length, root surface area, root volume, and root diameter, respectively. Improvements in these attributes further enhanced the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency of rice. No significant difference between T4 and T6 was observed. The correlation analysis also confirmed that root morphological traits were positively correlated with grain yield, N uptake, and biomass accumulation. Similarly, improvement in grain yield and NUE was also associated with improved soil properties, i.e., bulk density, soil porosity, soil organic carbon, and total N under combined organic and inorganic N fertilizers treatment. Conclusively, the integration of 30% N from PM or CM with 70% N from CF (urea) is a promising option not only for higher grain yield and quality of rice but also for improved soil health. This study provides a sustainable nutrient management strategy to improve crop yield with high nutrient use efficiency.
Anas Iqbal; Liang He; Aziz Khan; Shangqin Wei; Kashif Akhtar; Izhar Ali; Saif Ullah; Fazal Munsif; Quan Zhao; Ligeng Jiang. Organic Manure Coupled with Inorganic Fertilizer: An Approach for the Sustainable Production of Rice by Improving Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Agronomy 2019, 9, 651 .
AMA StyleAnas Iqbal, Liang He, Aziz Khan, Shangqin Wei, Kashif Akhtar, Izhar Ali, Saif Ullah, Fazal Munsif, Quan Zhao, Ligeng Jiang. Organic Manure Coupled with Inorganic Fertilizer: An Approach for the Sustainable Production of Rice by Improving Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (10):651.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnas Iqbal; Liang He; Aziz Khan; Shangqin Wei; Kashif Akhtar; Izhar Ali; Saif Ullah; Fazal Munsif; Quan Zhao; Ligeng Jiang. 2019. "Organic Manure Coupled with Inorganic Fertilizer: An Approach for the Sustainable Production of Rice by Improving Soil Properties and Nitrogen Use Efficiency." Agronomy 9, no. 10: 651.
High input costs combined with multiple management and material inputs have threatened cotton productivity. We hypothesize that this problem can be addressed by a single fertilization at flowering with late sowing in a moderately populated plant stand. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the cotton biomass accumulation, phosphorus dynamics, and fiber quality under three planting densities (low, 3 × 104; moderate, 6 × 104; and dense, 9 × 104 ha−1) and two cultivars (Zhongmian-16 and J-4B). High planting density had 6.2 and 12.6% larger stems and fruiting nodes m−2, while low density produced a 37.5 and 59.4% maximum height node ratio. Moderate density produced 26.4–15.5%, 24.7–12.6%, and 10.5–13.6% higher biomass accumulation rate at the peak bloom, boll set, and plant removal stages over low and high density in both years, respectively. J-4B produced a higher reproductive organs biomass yield when compared with Zhongmian-16 in both years. This higher biomass formation was due to both the higher average (0.8 VT kg·ha−1·d−1) and maximum (1.0 VM kg·ha−1·d−1) reproductive organ phosphorus uptake, respectively. Plants with low density had 5.3–18.5%, 9.5–15%, and 7.8–12.8% greater length, strength, and micronaire values over moderate and dense plants, respectively. Conclusively, moderate density with J-4B is a promising option for improved biomass, phosphorus acquisition, and fiber quality under a short season.
Aziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Ullah Najeeb; Jie Zheng; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Kashif Akhtar; Fazal Munsif; Ruiyang Zhou. Planting Density Induced Changes in Cotton Biomass Yield, Fiber Quality, and Phosphorus Distribution under Beta Growth Model. Agronomy 2019, 9, 500 .
AMA StyleAziz Khan, Xiangjun Kong, Ullah Najeeb, Jie Zheng, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Kashif Akhtar, Fazal Munsif, Ruiyang Zhou. Planting Density Induced Changes in Cotton Biomass Yield, Fiber Quality, and Phosphorus Distribution under Beta Growth Model. Agronomy. 2019; 9 (9):500.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Ullah Najeeb; Jie Zheng; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Kashif Akhtar; Fazal Munsif; Ruiyang Zhou. 2019. "Planting Density Induced Changes in Cotton Biomass Yield, Fiber Quality, and Phosphorus Distribution under Beta Growth Model." Agronomy 9, no. 9: 500.
Histone acetylation is an important epigenetic modification that regulates gene activity in response to stress. Histone acetylation levels are reversibly regulated by histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). The imperative roles of HDACs in gene transcription, transcriptional regulation, growth and responses to stressful environment have been widely investigated in Arabidopsis. However, data regarding HDACs in kenaf crop has not been disclosed yet. In this study, six HDACs genes (HcHDA2, HcHDA6, HcHDA8, HcHDA9, HcHDA19, and HcSRT2) were isolated and characterized. Phylogenetic tree revealed that these HcHDACs shared high degree of sequence homology with those of Gossypium arboreum. Subcellular localization analysis showed that GFP-tagged HcHDA2 and HcHDA8 were predominantly localized in the nucleus, HcHDA6 and HcHDA19 in nucleus and cytosol. The HcHDA9 was found in both nucleus and plasma membranes. Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the six HcHDACs genes were expressed with distinct expression patterns across plant tissues. Furthermore, we determined differential accumulation of HcHDACs transcripts under salt and drought treatments, indicating that these enzymes may participate in the biological process under stress in kenaf. Finally, we showed that the levels of histone H3 and H4 acetylation were modulated by salt and drought stress in kenaf. We have isolated and characterized six HDACs genes from kenaf. These data showed that HDACs are imperative players for growth and development as well abiotic stress responses in kenaf.
Fan Wei; Danfeng Tang; Zengqiang Li; Muhammad Haneef Kashif; Aziz Khan; Hai Lu; Ruixing Jia; Peng Chen. Molecular cloning and subcellular localization of six HDACs and their roles in response to salt and drought stress in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Biological Research 2019, 52, 1 -11.
AMA StyleFan Wei, Danfeng Tang, Zengqiang Li, Muhammad Haneef Kashif, Aziz Khan, Hai Lu, Ruixing Jia, Peng Chen. Molecular cloning and subcellular localization of six HDACs and their roles in response to salt and drought stress in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.). Biological Research. 2019; 52 (1):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFan Wei; Danfeng Tang; Zengqiang Li; Muhammad Haneef Kashif; Aziz Khan; Hai Lu; Ruixing Jia; Peng Chen. 2019. "Molecular cloning and subcellular localization of six HDACs and their roles in response to salt and drought stress in kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)." Biological Research 52, no. 1: 1-11.
Pollen development is an energy-consuming process that particularly occurs during meiosis. Low levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) may cause cell death, resulting in CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility). DNA sequence differences in ATP synthase genes have been revealed between the N- and S-cytoplasms in the cotton CMS system. However, very few data are available at the RNA level. In this study, we compared five ATP synthase genes in the H276A, H276B and fertile F1 (H276A/H268) lines using RNA editing, RNA blotting and quantitative real time-PCR (qRT-PCR) to explore their contribution to CMS. A molecular marker for identifying male sterile cytoplasm (MSC) was also developed. RNA blotting revealed the absence of any novel orf for the ATP synthase gene sequence in the three lines. Forty-one RNA editing sites were identified in the coding sequences. RNA editing showed that proteins had 32.43% higher hydrophobicity and that 39.02% of RNA editing sites had proline converted to leucine. Two new stop codons were detected in atp6 and atp9 by RNA editing. Real-time qRT-PCR data showed that the atp1, atp6, atp8, and atp9 genes had substantially lower expression levels in H276A compared with those in H276B. By contrast, the expression levels of all five genes were increased in F1 (H276A/H268). Moreover, a molecular marker based on a 6-bp deletion upstream of atp8 in H276A was developed to identify male sterile cytoplasm (MSC) in cotton. Our data substantially contributes to the understanding of the function of ATP synthase genes in cotton CMS. Therefore, we suggest that ATP synthase genes might be an indirect cause of cotton CMS. Further research is needed to investigate the relationship among ATP synthase genes in cotton CMS.
Xiangjun Kong; Dongmei Liu; Jie Zheng; Aziz Khan; Bin Li; Yong Diao; Ruiyang Zhou. RNA editing analysis of ATP synthase genes in the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line H276A. Biological Research 2019, 52, 1 -9.
AMA StyleXiangjun Kong, Dongmei Liu, Jie Zheng, Aziz Khan, Bin Li, Yong Diao, Ruiyang Zhou. RNA editing analysis of ATP synthase genes in the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line H276A. Biological Research. 2019; 52 (1):1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiangjun Kong; Dongmei Liu; Jie Zheng; Aziz Khan; Bin Li; Yong Diao; Ruiyang Zhou. 2019. "RNA editing analysis of ATP synthase genes in the cotton cytoplasmic male sterile line H276A." Biological Research 52, no. 1: 1-9.
Plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) being maternal phenomenon trait that result from pollen abortion and closely linked with mitochondrial DNA rearrangement in many crops including kenaf. However, the molecular mechanism in kenaf is poorly known. In present work, we described the mitochondrial genome in isonuclear CMS line UG93A and its maintainer line UG93B. Findings of the current study revealed that a total of 398 SNPs and 230 InDels were identified in UG93A mtDNA. Total of 26 SNPs variations and three InDels were identified in the coding region of atp6, indicating its active role in mitochondrial genome re-arrangement. Northern blot analysis showed that the transcripts of atp1, atp4, atp6, cox3 and sdh4 in F1 were consistent with UG93A but different for UG93B. The transcript of atp9 was found similar between UG93B and F1 while different for UG93A, which depict that atp9 may be regulated by nuclear genes in F1 hybrid. The expression of atp9 in UG93A was substantially lower compared with UG93B, suggesting its key role for energy supplying in microspore development of kenaf. Circularized RNA (CR)-RT-PCR revealed that mitochondrial RNAs with heterogeneous 5’-ends but uniform 3’ - ends are common feature in kenaf mitochondrial genes, and the promoter architecture analysis showed that the promoter sequences in kenaf mitochondrial genome are highly diverged in comparison to those in other plants. Our data highlight that the translation of mitochondrial genes in kenaf is closely associated with heterogeneity of the 5’-end of plant mRNA. The present result provides the basic information in understanding the transcription of kenaf mitochondrial genome and can be used as reference in other plants.
Xiaofang Liao; Yanhong Zhao; Aziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Bujin Zhou; Min Li; Meiling Wei; Shuangshuang Peng; Fazal Munsif; Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome between UG93A and UG93B reveal common feature of 5’-end heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of kenaf. 2019, 523647 .
AMA StyleXiaofang Liao, Yanhong Zhao, Aziz Khan, Xiangjun Kong, Bujin Zhou, Min Li, Meiling Wei, Shuangshuang Peng, Fazal Munsif, Ruiyang Zhou. Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome between UG93A and UG93B reveal common feature of 5’-end heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of kenaf. . 2019; ():523647.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaofang Liao; Yanhong Zhao; Aziz Khan; Xiangjun Kong; Bujin Zhou; Min Li; Meiling Wei; Shuangshuang Peng; Fazal Munsif; Ruiyang Zhou. 2019. "Comparative analysis of mitochondrial genome between UG93A and UG93B reveal common feature of 5’-end heterogeneity in mitochondrial genes of kenaf." , no. : 523647.
Increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere and associated climatic variability is primarily responsible for inducing heat waves, flooding and drought stress. Among these, water scarcity is a major limitation to crop productivity. Water stress can severely reduce crop yield and both the severity and duration of the stress are critical. Water availability is a key driver for sustainable cotton production and its limitations can adversely affect physiological and biochemical processes of plants, leading towards lint yield reduction. Adaptation of crop husbandry techniques suitable for cotton crop requires a sound understanding of environmental factors, influencing cotton lint yield and fiber quality. Various defense mechanisms e.g. maintenance of membrane stability, carbon fixation rate, hormone regulation, generation of antioxidants and induction of stress proteins have been found play a vital role in plant survival under moisture stress. Plant molecular breeding plays a functional role to ascertain superior genes for important traits and can offer breeder ready markers for developing ideotypes. This review highlights drought-induced damage to cotton plants at structural, physiological and molecular levels. It also discusses the opportunities for increasing drought tolerance in cotton either through modern gene editing technology like clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9), zinc finger nuclease, molecular breeding as well as through crop management, such as use of appropriate fertilization, growth regulator application and soil amendments.
Aziz Khan; Xudong Pan; Ullah Najeeb; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Shah Fahad; Rizwan Zahoor; Honghai Luo. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biological Research 2018, 51, 1 -17.
AMA StyleAziz Khan, Xudong Pan, Ullah Najeeb, Daniel Kean Yuen Tan, Shah Fahad, Rizwan Zahoor, Honghai Luo. Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness. Biological Research. 2018; 51 (1):1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAziz Khan; Xudong Pan; Ullah Najeeb; Daniel Kean Yuen Tan; Shah Fahad; Rizwan Zahoor; Honghai Luo. 2018. "Coping with drought: stress and adaptive mechanisms, and management through cultural and molecular alternatives in cotton as vital constituents for plant stress resilience and fitness." Biological Research 51, no. 1: 1-17.
The chloroplast being an important organelle of plant cells could possibly be associated with plant cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). To better understand the correlation between (CMS) and chloroplast, we presented a comprehensive analysis based on the changes of photosynthetic parameters, chloroplasts ultrastructure, soluble sugar and starch content, the relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes, and chloroplast genome in rice isonuclear alloplasmic CMS lines at the flowering stage. Leaf gas exchange parameters did not affect by CMS lines (M2BS and M2A), although intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was influenced in both M2BS and M2A. Ultrastructural observation results indicated that many starch granules were observed in the chloroplast of CMS lines, especially bigger size in M2BS, while few ones in M2B. Only the chloroplasts of M2A contained some additional number of lipoids compared with those of the other two lines (M2B and M2BS). Soluble sugar and starch contents in CMS lines (M2BS and M2A) were significantly higher than those in maintainer line (M2B) (p < 0.01). The relative expression of sugar and starch metabolism genes indicated the imbalance of starch and sugar synthesis and decomposition may lead to accumulation of starch granules and demonstrated the presence of cytoplasmic effects. Moreover, chloroplast genome sequencing results showed similarity in both CMS lines, which revealed different single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion/deletion (InDels) models compared with their maintainer line. Those models were located in psbD, rpoC2, rpl33, psbB, ndhA, ndhH, and intergenic regions. These findings, aligned with the possible association of CMS characteristics with cpDNA and genetically close relationship among both CMS lines, may contribute for future research.
Danfeng Tang; Fan Wei; Muhammad Haneef Kashif; Aziz Khan; Zengqiang Li; QiQi Shi; Ruixing Jia; Hongying Xie; Li Zhang; Bin Li; Peng Chen; Ruiyang Zhou. Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines. Protoplasma 2017, 255, 863 -871.
AMA StyleDanfeng Tang, Fan Wei, Muhammad Haneef Kashif, Aziz Khan, Zengqiang Li, QiQi Shi, Ruixing Jia, Hongying Xie, Li Zhang, Bin Li, Peng Chen, Ruiyang Zhou. Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines. Protoplasma. 2017; 255 (3):863-871.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDanfeng Tang; Fan Wei; Muhammad Haneef Kashif; Aziz Khan; Zengqiang Li; QiQi Shi; Ruixing Jia; Hongying Xie; Li Zhang; Bin Li; Peng Chen; Ruiyang Zhou. 2017. "Analysis of chloroplast differences in leaves of rice isonuclear alloplasmic lines." Protoplasma 255, no. 3: 863-871.