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Bacterial retention and organic fouling on meat preparation surfaces can be influenced by several factors. Surfaces with linear topographies and defined chemistries were used to determine how the orientation of the surface features affected cleaning efficacy. Fine polished (irregular linear) stainless steel (FPSS), titanium coated fine polished (irregular linear) stainless steel (TiFP), and topographically regular, linear titanium coated surfaces (RG) were fouled with Escherichia coli mixed with a meat exudate (which was utilised as a conditioning film). Surfaces were cleaned along or perpendicular to the linear features for one, five, or ten wipes. The bacteria were most easily removed from the titanium coated and regular featured surfaces. The direction of cleaning (along or perpendicular to the surface features) did not influence the amount of bacteria retained, but meat extract was more easily removed from the surfaces when cleaned in the direction along the linear surface features. Following ten cleans, there was no significant difference in the amount of cells or meat exudate retained on the surfaces cleaned in either direction. This study demonstrated that for the E. coli cells, the TiFP and RG surfaces were easiest to clean. However, the direction of the clean was important for the removal of the meat exudate from the surfaces.
Adele Evans; Anthony Slate; I. Akhidime; Joanna Verran; Peter Kelly; Kathryn Whitehead. The Removal of Meat Exudate and Escherichia coli from Stainless Steel and Titanium Surfaces with Irregular and Regular Linear Topographies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 3198 .
AMA StyleAdele Evans, Anthony Slate, I. Akhidime, Joanna Verran, Peter Kelly, Kathryn Whitehead. The Removal of Meat Exudate and Escherichia coli from Stainless Steel and Titanium Surfaces with Irregular and Regular Linear Topographies. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (6):3198.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdele Evans; Anthony Slate; I. Akhidime; Joanna Verran; Peter Kelly; Kathryn Whitehead. 2021. "The Removal of Meat Exudate and Escherichia coli from Stainless Steel and Titanium Surfaces with Irregular and Regular Linear Topographies." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6: 3198.
Photocatalysis has been extensively studied in recent years for environmental wastewater treatment applications. Although promising, it has yet to be globally adopted, as it faces many challenges; namely cost, complexity and efficiency. This present work focuses on the optimisation of a bespoke photocatalytic water treatment reactor. Contrary to other studies, the reactor was exclusively built from inexpensive and readily available consumer market parts, to facilitate a widespread adoption of this water treatment method. Photocatalytic TiO2 was synthesised and immobilised on stainless steel woven mesh in a one-step process, via reactive pulsed DC magnetron sputtering. A two-levels augmented screening design template was used to optimise the performance of the bespoke photocatalytic reactor, consisting of 20 experimental runs. Five independent variables were studied, UV light intensity, number of TiO2-coated mesh layers, coating thickness, water flowrate and initial dye concentration. Methylene blue dye solution was used as a model pollutant and the removal percentage after 5 h was used as a response. A linear regression model was built from the experimental results and revealed that all first-order terms, with the exception of flowrate, were significant contributors to the model pollutant removal. Increasing the coating thickness and the number of TiO2-coated mesh layers did improve the removal rate of methylene blue. These benefits cancelled each other when both variables were at their highest levels, due to a decreased light permeability through the mesh. ANOVA, lack-of-fit, and R2 analysis confirmed the significance of the linear regression model. Optimised conditions were identified, leading to the removal of more than 90% of the model pollutant after 5 h of UV-A illumination. The calculated pseudo-first-order constant was as high as 14.5 × 10−5 s−1, while the quantum yield was estimated to be 4.22 × 10−6 molecules/photons and the figure of merit was calculated at 1.14. This substrate/catalyst combination proved to be effective at degrading methylene blue, with no evident performance degradation after 10 repeated cycles, equivalent to 360 h of consecutive use. This present work demonstrates that it is possible to build an efficient photocatalytic reactor from inexpensive computer enthusiast parts, combined with a highly scalable and industry friendly photocatalyst production technique.
Matthieu Grao; Marina Ratova; Peter Kelly. Design and optimisation of a low-cost titanium dioxide-coated stainless steel mesh photocatalytic water treatment reactor. Journal of Cleaner Production 2021, 297, 126641 .
AMA StyleMatthieu Grao, Marina Ratova, Peter Kelly. Design and optimisation of a low-cost titanium dioxide-coated stainless steel mesh photocatalytic water treatment reactor. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2021; 297 ():126641.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMatthieu Grao; Marina Ratova; Peter Kelly. 2021. "Design and optimisation of a low-cost titanium dioxide-coated stainless steel mesh photocatalytic water treatment reactor." Journal of Cleaner Production 297, no. : 126641.
Visible-light activated photocatalytic coatings may represent an attractive antimicrobial solution in domains such as food, beverage, pharmaceutical, biomedical and wastewater remediation. However, testing methods to determine the antibacterial effects of photocatalytic coatings are limited and require specialist expertise. This paper describes the development of a method that enables rapid screening of coatings for photocatalytic-antibacterial activity. Relying on the ability of viable microorganisms to reduce the dye resazurin from a blue to a pink colour, the method relates the time taken to detect this colour change with number of viable microorganisms. The antibacterial activity of two photocatalytic materials (bismuth oxide and titanium dioxide) were screened against two pathogenic organisms (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) that represent potential target microorganisms using traditional testing and enumeration techniques (BS ISO 27447:2009) and the novel rapid method. Bismuth oxide showed excellent antibacterial activity under ambient visible light against E. coli, but was less effective against K. pneumoniae. The rapid method showed excellent agreement with existing tests in terms of number of viable cells recovered. Due to advantages such as low cost, high throughput, and less reliance on microbiological expertise, this method is recommended for researchers seeking an inexpensive first-stage screen for putative photocatalytic-antibacterial coatings.
Antony Scimone; James Redfern; Panudda Patiphatpanya; Titipun Thongtem; Marina Ratova; Peter Kelly; Joanna Verran. Development of a rapid method for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial photocatalytic coatings. Talanta 2020, 225, 122009 .
AMA StyleAntony Scimone, James Redfern, Panudda Patiphatpanya, Titipun Thongtem, Marina Ratova, Peter Kelly, Joanna Verran. Development of a rapid method for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial photocatalytic coatings. Talanta. 2020; 225 ():122009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAntony Scimone; James Redfern; Panudda Patiphatpanya; Titipun Thongtem; Marina Ratova; Peter Kelly; Joanna Verran. 2020. "Development of a rapid method for assessing the efficacy of antibacterial photocatalytic coatings." Talanta 225, no. : 122009.
There are few peer-reviewed publications about public engagement with science that are written by microbiologists; those that exist tend to be a narrative of an event rather than a hypothesis-driven investigation. However, it is relatively easy for experienced scientists to use a scientific method in their approach to public engagement. This short communication describes three public engagement activities hosted by the authors, focused on biofilm control: hand hygiene, plaque control and an externally applied antimicrobial coating. In each case, audience engagement was assessed using quantitative and/or qualitative methods. A critical evaluation of the findings enabled the construction of a public engagement ‘tick list’ for future events that would enable a hypothesis-driven approach with more effective communication activities and more robust evaluation.
Joanna Verran; Sarah Jackson; Antony Scimone; Peter Kelly; James Redfern. Biofilm Control Strategies: Engaging with the Public. Antibiotics 2020, 9, 465 .
AMA StyleJoanna Verran, Sarah Jackson, Antony Scimone, Peter Kelly, James Redfern. Biofilm Control Strategies: Engaging with the Public. Antibiotics. 2020; 9 (8):465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoanna Verran; Sarah Jackson; Antony Scimone; Peter Kelly; James Redfern. 2020. "Biofilm Control Strategies: Engaging with the Public." Antibiotics 9, no. 8: 465.
Novel methods for the deposition of thin functional coatings, such as hybrid physical vapor deposition-chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technologies, have the potential to become an important means ...
Justyna Kulczyk-Malecka; David Donaghy; Brice Delfour-Peyrethon; Matthew Werner; Paul R. Chalker; James W. Bradley; Peter J. Kelly. Nb-doped TiO2 coatings developed by high power impulse magnetron sputtering-chemical vapor deposition hybrid deposition process. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 2020, 38, 033410 .
AMA StyleJustyna Kulczyk-Malecka, David Donaghy, Brice Delfour-Peyrethon, Matthew Werner, Paul R. Chalker, James W. Bradley, Peter J. Kelly. Nb-doped TiO2 coatings developed by high power impulse magnetron sputtering-chemical vapor deposition hybrid deposition process. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A. 2020; 38 (3):033410.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJustyna Kulczyk-Malecka; David Donaghy; Brice Delfour-Peyrethon; Matthew Werner; Paul R. Chalker; James W. Bradley; Peter J. Kelly. 2020. "Nb-doped TiO2 coatings developed by high power impulse magnetron sputtering-chemical vapor deposition hybrid deposition process." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 38, no. 3: 033410.
Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited onto sola-lime glass substrates by reactive magnetron sputtering. Fine stainless steel mesh sheets with different aperture sizes were applied as masks over glass substrates to allow the deposition of the coatings with micro-patterned structures and, therefore, enhanced surface area. Non-patterned titania films were deposited for comparison purposes. The titanium dioxide films were post-deposition annealed at 873 K for crystallinity development and then extensively analysed by a number of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), optical and stylus profilometry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of non-patterned and micro-patterned titania films was assessed under UV light irradiation by three different methods; namely methylene blue, stearic acid, and oleic acid degradation. The results revealed that the micro-patterned coatings significantly outperformed non-patterned titania in all types of photocatalytic tests, due to their higher values of surface area. Increasing the aperture of the stainless steel mesh resulted in lower photocatalytic activity and lower surface area values, compared to the coatings deposited through a smaller aperture mesh.
Marina Ratova; David Sawtell; Peter J. Kelly. Micro-Patterning of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Dioxide Coatings and Their Efficiency for Photocatalytic Applications. Coatings 2020, 10, 68 .
AMA StyleMarina Ratova, David Sawtell, Peter J. Kelly. Micro-Patterning of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Dioxide Coatings and Their Efficiency for Photocatalytic Applications. Coatings. 2020; 10 (1):68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Ratova; David Sawtell; Peter J. Kelly. 2020. "Micro-Patterning of Magnetron Sputtered Titanium Dioxide Coatings and Their Efficiency for Photocatalytic Applications." Coatings 10, no. 1: 68.
The oxidation behaviours of ZrN, TiN and TiSiN in a steam environment in the high temperature range of 600–900 °C have been studied and compared. Nitride coatings were deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering onto Zirc – alloy and silicon wafer substrates. The steam oxidation test was performed in order to investigate oxidation resistance in the Loss – of – Coolant Accident (LOCA) scenario in Light Water Reactor applications. It was found that TiSiN showed better oxidation resistance in a steam environment than ZrN and TiN. Coatings in the as-deposited state and after thermal exposure were characterised using focused ion beam, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction to evaluate microstructure and phases present in the coatings.
Zhaohe Gao; Justyna Kulczyk-Malecka; Etienne Bousser; Xun Zhang; Ying Chen; Han Liu; Peter Kelly; Ping Xiao. Sputter-deposited nitrides for oxidation protection in a steam environment at high temperatures. Thin Solid Films 2019, 688, 137439 .
AMA StyleZhaohe Gao, Justyna Kulczyk-Malecka, Etienne Bousser, Xun Zhang, Ying Chen, Han Liu, Peter Kelly, Ping Xiao. Sputter-deposited nitrides for oxidation protection in a steam environment at high temperatures. Thin Solid Films. 2019; 688 ():137439.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhaohe Gao; Justyna Kulczyk-Malecka; Etienne Bousser; Xun Zhang; Ying Chen; Han Liu; Peter Kelly; Ping Xiao. 2019. "Sputter-deposited nitrides for oxidation protection in a steam environment at high temperatures." Thin Solid Films 688, no. : 137439.
Transparent barrier films based on vacuum deposited aluminium oxide (AlOₓ) layers are continuing to create large interest in the market with regards to their use as food and healthcare packaging materials. Nevertheless, their post-metalliser conversion to the final packaging material still presents challenges to current AlOₓ producers and the wider converting industry. In this work, AlOₓ coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films have been converted in long duration industrial-scale trials via topcoating, printing, lamination and finally pouch making. Throughout this process, each conversion step has been investigated for its effects on the barrier performance. It was found that the printing processes, especially, induce significant damage to the ceramic barrier layer. However, by the use of a protective topcoat prior to any conversion step, the barrier properties of the AlOₓ coated film were preserved, or could even be significantly enhanced, depending on the topcoat material. Furthermore, for a barrier topcoat, remarkable stretch- and flex-durability properties were achieved in the final laminate.
Carolin Struller; Peter Kelly; Nicholas Copeland. Conversion of aluminium oxide coated films for food packaging applications—From a single layer material to a complete pouch. Food Packaging and Shelf Life 2019, 20, 100309 .
AMA StyleCarolin Struller, Peter Kelly, Nicholas Copeland. Conversion of aluminium oxide coated films for food packaging applications—From a single layer material to a complete pouch. Food Packaging and Shelf Life. 2019; 20 ():100309.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolin Struller; Peter Kelly; Nicholas Copeland. 2019. "Conversion of aluminium oxide coated films for food packaging applications—From a single layer material to a complete pouch." Food Packaging and Shelf Life 20, no. : 100309.
Nicolas Keller; Peter Kelly; Carlos Tavares; Elena Selli. Selected contributions from the 4th Photocatalytic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces Workshop, PSS2017. Catalysis Today 2018, 326, 1 .
AMA StyleNicolas Keller, Peter Kelly, Carlos Tavares, Elena Selli. Selected contributions from the 4th Photocatalytic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces Workshop, PSS2017. Catalysis Today. 2018; 326 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNicolas Keller; Peter Kelly; Carlos Tavares; Elena Selli. 2018. "Selected contributions from the 4th Photocatalytic and Superhydrophilic Surfaces Workshop, PSS2017." Catalysis Today 326, no. : 1.
A study on the thermal effects on TiO2 rutile and anatase nano-powders was undertaken and displayed some unusual photoactivity and crystal structure properties. Rutile nano-particles with different crystallite sizes were characterised and the possible effect on activity were investigated. One of the rutile samples appeared to have trace amounts of anatase and was annealed at high temperatures at 1172 K and 1272 K to highlight the thermodynamic stability phenomenon of titania. Parallel to this study, anatase nano-particles were investigated before and after being annealed up to 1022 K. For all the samples used in this work, characterisation was undertaken using micro-Raman microscopy/XRD and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) while photoactivity assessment was made by measuring and monitoring the photodegradation of a mixture of dye methyl-orange (MeO) and nano-powders under UV-light for 3h30 min in suspension. The study revealed that rutile nano-powder samples were thermodynamically stable even at very high temperatures and poorly active but with an unusual photoactive feature. Concerning the anatase samples; SEM investigation revealed a questioning size growth as the samples showed a different particle size depending on the temperature of thermal treatment. It revealed that annealing at 672 K seemed to be a key temperature as the particles change from a polyhedral structure to a two-dimensional structure showing a platelet like shape. The photocatalytic studies of the anatase nano-particles showed a very high activity especially before annealing. This highlighted the fact that the anatase phase can subsist at high temperatures such as 1022 K and exhibit a persistence in photoactivity even though it has decreased significantly after 672 K. SEM analysis was in accordance with the photoactivity investigation. Nevertheless, the most interesting feature of the results emanates from the reaction order study and rate constant analysis taken from the kinetic shape of the graph of the degradation of MeO as a function of the irradiation time for the different particle sized rutile nanoparticles. Here a zero-order reaction was determined and as a consequence raised questions about the theory of the mechanism of the activities of titania in terms of surface chemistry, surface area dependence and photoactivity. For example, for the nano-rutiles the sample with a 25 nm crystallite size was the most active and the sample with the smallest crystallite size (15 nm) was the least active and yet was found to contain trace levels of nano-anatase. This effect was also substantiated by UV absorption and weathering studies on doped isocyanate-acrylic paint films. UV analysis clearly shows that the absorptivity of the nanoparticles plays a role and correlates with the photoactivity. The 15 nm particles have decreased absorptivity in the near UV and hence decreased activity.
Norman S. Allen; Vladimir Vishnyakov; Peter J. Kelly; Roelf J. Kriek; Noredine Mahdjoub; Claire Hill. Characterisation and photocatalytic assessment of TiO2 nano-polymorphs: Influence of crystallite size and influence of thermal treatment on paint coatings and dye fading kinetics. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 2018, 126, 131 -142.
AMA StyleNorman S. Allen, Vladimir Vishnyakov, Peter J. Kelly, Roelf J. Kriek, Noredine Mahdjoub, Claire Hill. Characterisation and photocatalytic assessment of TiO2 nano-polymorphs: Influence of crystallite size and influence of thermal treatment on paint coatings and dye fading kinetics. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids. 2018; 126 ():131-142.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorman S. Allen; Vladimir Vishnyakov; Peter J. Kelly; Roelf J. Kriek; Noredine Mahdjoub; Claire Hill. 2018. "Characterisation and photocatalytic assessment of TiO2 nano-polymorphs: Influence of crystallite size and influence of thermal treatment on paint coatings and dye fading kinetics." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 126, no. : 131-142.
Titanium dioxide thin films were deposited by the reactive ion-assisted sputtering method from titanium targets at various partial pressures and deposition parameters. The films were deposited onto substrates at temperatures ranging from room-temperature conditions to 722 K. A selection of thin films was post-deposited annealed at temperatures up to 972 K for 10 min and characterized by micro-Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and subsequently analysed to assess their photocatalytic activity. Micro-Raman characterization revealed that the as-deposited films had either predominant amorphous, rutile-like structures, anatase-like structures or anatase-rutile mixed structures. The thin films deposited with a high substrate temperature and with energy assistance from the ion source tended to be amorphous, while films deposited on a hot substrate without ion energy assistance tended to have a mixed crystalline phase. On subsequent annealing the amorphous films changed to a rutile structure at temperatures above 672 K, while mixed anatase-rutile films changed to predominant rutile structures only after thermal treatments above 872 K. Thus, this study has revealed an astonishing persistence of the anatase-rutile mixed phase at very high temperatures and showed the possible existence of a key transition temperature at 672 K, where it was possible to see a transformation from amorphous or mixed phase to a rutile or dominant rutile mixed phase. Photocatalytic tests were undertaken by using a novel method consisting of observing the degradation of a film of stearic acid by the thin films under artificial UV radiation. Of the films investigated those with anatase-rutile mixed phases showed the greatest photoactivity. This work was essential in the understanding of the correlation between growth deposition conditions, phase transitions and photocatalytic activity. This set of experiments demonstrated that titania made under a highly oxidizing atmosphere, with no temperature applied on the substrate during fabrication and using an ion sputtering method, is a useful and valuable novel method for creating active TiO2 thin films.
V. Vishnyakov; P.J. Kelly; J. Humblot; R.J. Kriek; N.S. Allen; N. Mahdjoub. Use of ion-assisted sputtering technique for producing photocatalytic titanium dioxide thin films: Influence of thermal treatments on structural and activity properties based on the decomposition of stearic acid. Polymer Degradation and Stability 2018, 157, 1 -8.
AMA StyleV. Vishnyakov, P.J. Kelly, J. Humblot, R.J. Kriek, N.S. Allen, N. Mahdjoub. Use of ion-assisted sputtering technique for producing photocatalytic titanium dioxide thin films: Influence of thermal treatments on structural and activity properties based on the decomposition of stearic acid. Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2018; 157 ():1-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleV. Vishnyakov; P.J. Kelly; J. Humblot; R.J. Kriek; N.S. Allen; N. Mahdjoub. 2018. "Use of ion-assisted sputtering technique for producing photocatalytic titanium dioxide thin films: Influence of thermal treatments on structural and activity properties based on the decomposition of stearic acid." Polymer Degradation and Stability 157, no. : 1-8.
Inspired by the nonsmooth surface of the head of the dung beetle, grey cast iron (GCI) samples with pit textured surfaces were designed and fabricated, based on pin-on-disc friction tester. Using a tribology wear testing rig and APDL programming, the tribological behavior of smooth and textured samples was investigated and reported, both experimentally and numerically. The results show that pits can significantly change the thermal stress and temperature distribution on the surface, which will result in either positive or negative effects on the wear resistance of GCI samples, depending on the parameters. When diameter of the pit (DOP) equals 0.8 mm and distance between pits (DBP) is 1.0 mm, the pit textured surface provided the best wear resistance among all samples tested.
Risheng Long; Peter Kelly; Shaoni Sun; Jiling Feng; Xuewen Wang; Wenyue Li. The Influence of Pits on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron under Dry Sliding. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018, 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleRisheng Long, Peter Kelly, Shaoni Sun, Jiling Feng, Xuewen Wang, Wenyue Li. The Influence of Pits on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron under Dry Sliding. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2018; 2018 ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRisheng Long; Peter Kelly; Shaoni Sun; Jiling Feng; Xuewen Wang; Wenyue Li. 2018. "The Influence of Pits on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron under Dry Sliding." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018, no. : 1-9.
Implanted medical devices are at risk of developing an infection at the surgical site. Once a medical implant is inserted, it initially becomes coated by a conditioning film, followed by bacterial retention. In the present study, medical grade stainless steel substrata were coated with titanium nitride (TiN) or titanium nitride/silver (TiN/14.94 at.%Ag or TiN/19.04 at.%Ag). Surface analysis determined that with increased silver concentration, silver nanoparticles were heterogeneously distributed throughout the coatings. The effect of bovine serum albumin or whole blood conditioning agents on the antimicrobial activity and microbial retention were determined using Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus epidermidis. The presence of the conditioning agents reduced the antimicrobial effect of the surfaces against S. aureus. When the cells and conditioning agents were applied together, a reduction in bacterial retention and conditioning film was observed. These results suggest that the impact of conditioning agents should be considered since conditioning films may reduce bacterial retention but may also decrease the antimicrobial properties of the surface coatings.
Fabien J. Saubade; Sarah Hughes; David J. Wickens; Joels Wilson-Nieuwenhuis; Nina Dempsey-Hibbert; Grace S. Crowther; Glen West; Peter Kelly; Craig E. Banks; Kathryn A. Whitehead; Fabien Saubade. Effectiveness of titanium nitride silver coatings against Staphylococcus spp. in the presence of BSA and whole blood conditioning agents. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 2018, 141, 44 -51.
AMA StyleFabien J. Saubade, Sarah Hughes, David J. Wickens, Joels Wilson-Nieuwenhuis, Nina Dempsey-Hibbert, Grace S. Crowther, Glen West, Peter Kelly, Craig E. Banks, Kathryn A. Whitehead, Fabien Saubade. Effectiveness of titanium nitride silver coatings against Staphylococcus spp. in the presence of BSA and whole blood conditioning agents. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. 2018; 141 ():44-51.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabien J. Saubade; Sarah Hughes; David J. Wickens; Joels Wilson-Nieuwenhuis; Nina Dempsey-Hibbert; Grace S. Crowther; Glen West; Peter Kelly; Craig E. Banks; Kathryn A. Whitehead; Fabien Saubade. 2018. "Effectiveness of titanium nitride silver coatings against Staphylococcus spp. in the presence of BSA and whole blood conditioning agents." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 141, no. : 44-51.
Screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms, due to their scales of economy and high reproducibility, can provide a useful approach to translate laboratory-based electrochemistry into the field. An important factor when utilising screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) is the determination of their real electrochemical surface area, which allows for the benchmarking of these SPEs and is an important parameter in quality control. In this paper, we consider the use of cyclic voltammetry and chronocoulometry to allow for the determination of the real electrochemical area of screen-printed electrochemical sensing platforms, highlighting to experimentalists the various parameters that need to be diligently considered and controlled in order to obtain useful measurements of the real electroactive area.
Alejandro García-Miranda Ferrari; Christopher W. Foster; Peter J. Kelly; Dale A. C. Brownson; Craig E. Banks. Determination of the Electrochemical Area of Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms. Biosensors 2018, 8, 53 .
AMA StyleAlejandro García-Miranda Ferrari, Christopher W. Foster, Peter J. Kelly, Dale A. C. Brownson, Craig E. Banks. Determination of the Electrochemical Area of Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms. Biosensors. 2018; 8 (2):53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlejandro García-Miranda Ferrari; Christopher W. Foster; Peter J. Kelly; Dale A. C. Brownson; Craig E. Banks. 2018. "Determination of the Electrochemical Area of Screen-Printed Electrochemical Sensing Platforms." Biosensors 8, no. 2: 53.
Marina Ratova; Rachan Klaysri; Piyasan Praserthdam; Peter J. Kelly. Visible light active photocatalytic C-doped titanium dioxide films deposited via reactive pulsed DC magnetron co-sputtering: Properties and photocatalytic activity. Vacuum 2018, 149, 214 -224.
AMA StyleMarina Ratova, Rachan Klaysri, Piyasan Praserthdam, Peter J. Kelly. Visible light active photocatalytic C-doped titanium dioxide films deposited via reactive pulsed DC magnetron co-sputtering: Properties and photocatalytic activity. Vacuum. 2018; 149 ():214-224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Ratova; Rachan Klaysri; Piyasan Praserthdam; Peter J. Kelly. 2018. "Visible light active photocatalytic C-doped titanium dioxide films deposited via reactive pulsed DC magnetron co-sputtering: Properties and photocatalytic activity." Vacuum 149, no. : 214-224.
The effect of thermal treatment on the morphology (crystalline phase and size) and photocatalytic activity of freshly prepared TiO2 nano-powder is communicated. TiO2 nano-powders, prepared by hydrolyzing titanium tetraisopropoxide at room temperature, were all dried at 382 K and subsequently calcined at different temperatures, for 1 h, up to 1172 K. Raman analysis of each thermally treated sample exhibited different titania phase structures. Up to 772 K a mixture of brookite and anatase phases was observed, while a mixture of all three phases, i.e. anatase, brookite and rutile, was observed at 872 K, with a rutile only phase at 1097 K and above. The photocatalytic activity of all samples was assessed by means of the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye (MeO). All anatase-brookite compositions exhibited high photocatalytic activity with the rate of degradation decreasing with increasing calcination temperature, which coincides with (i) a slight increase of the anatase phase, (ii) a slight decrease of the brookite phase, and (iii) a gradual increase of the crystallite size of all phases. The greatest photocatalytic activity was observed for the sample calcined at 382 K, which contained the highest amount of brookite (in the presence of anatase as the dominant phase), while the lowest rate was observed for the pure rutile sample.
Norman S. Allen; Noredine Mahdjoub; Vladimir Vishnyakov; Peter J. Kelly; Roelof Kriek. The effect of crystalline phase (anatase, brookite and rutile) and size on the photocatalytic activity of calcined polymorphic titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). Polymer Degradation and Stability 2018, 150, 31 -36.
AMA StyleNorman S. Allen, Noredine Mahdjoub, Vladimir Vishnyakov, Peter J. Kelly, Roelof Kriek. The effect of crystalline phase (anatase, brookite and rutile) and size on the photocatalytic activity of calcined polymorphic titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). Polymer Degradation and Stability. 2018; 150 ():31-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNorman S. Allen; Noredine Mahdjoub; Vladimir Vishnyakov; Peter J. Kelly; Roelof Kriek. 2018. "The effect of crystalline phase (anatase, brookite and rutile) and size on the photocatalytic activity of calcined polymorphic titanium dioxide (TiO 2 )." Polymer Degradation and Stability 150, no. : 31-36.
To investigate the influence of surface features, in the form of pits, on the wear resistance of grey cast iron (GCI), a finite element model of the pin-on-disc friction system, with pits distributed in a curved radial direction, was developed using APDL programming and the tribological behavior of textured surfaces was studied. The influence of relative rotation direction between the disc and the pin on the thermal behavior of the friction system under dry wear conditions was researched. GCI and C30E steel samples with pit textured surfaces were manufactured using laser marking equipment and tested using a tribology wear testing rig. The mass losses were measured and the worn surfaces were characterized. The influence of different rotation directions on the tribological behavior of the pit textured surfaces was also investigated. The simulation and test results revealed that rotation direction was a crucial parameter in determining the tribological behavior of surfaces with these features, regardless of the material. Under the conditions tested, when the pin rotated anticlockwise, the samples showed better friction and wear behavior than when the pin rotated clockwise. These results can provide important guidance for the optimization of the design of heavy-load brake systems and other similar applications.
Shaoni Sun; Liyang Xie; Peter Kelly; Risheng Long; Manhong Li; Jiling Feng. The Influence of Rotating Direction on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron with Curve Distributed Pit Textured Surface. Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017, 2017, 1 -10.
AMA StyleShaoni Sun, Liyang Xie, Peter Kelly, Risheng Long, Manhong Li, Jiling Feng. The Influence of Rotating Direction on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron with Curve Distributed Pit Textured Surface. Mathematical Problems in Engineering. 2017; 2017 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaoni Sun; Liyang Xie; Peter Kelly; Risheng Long; Manhong Li; Jiling Feng. 2017. "The Influence of Rotating Direction on the Tribological Behavior of Grey Cast Iron with Curve Distributed Pit Textured Surface." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017, no. : 1-10.
Bismuth complex oxides, in particular, bismuth tungstate, have recently attracted attention as promising photocatalytic materials for water treatment processes. In the present work, photocatalytic bismuth tungstate films were prepared by pulsed direct current (DC) reactive magnetron sputtering of Bi and W targets in an Ar/O2 atmosphere onto spherically-shaped glass beads. The uniform coverage of the substrate was enabled by the use of oscillating bowl placed underneath the magnetrons. The atomic ratio of Bi/W was varied through the variation of the power applied to the magnetrons. The deposited coatings were analyzed by the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. The photocatalytic properties of the films were studied via the methylene blue (MB) degradation process under artificial (fluorescent light) and natural (sunlight) irradiation, and compared to the photocatalytic performance of titanium dioxide coatings deposited onto identical substrates. The results showed that the photocatalytic performance of bismuth tungstate and bismuth oxide-coated beads was superior to that exhibited by TiO2-coated beads. Overall, reactive magnetron co-sputtering has been shown to be a promising technique for deposition of narrow band gap bismuth-based semiconducting oxides onto irregularly-shaped substrates for potential use in water treatment applications.
Marina Ratova; Rafaela B. P. Marcelino; Patterson P. De Souza; Camila C. Amorim; Peter J. Kelly. Reactive Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Bismuth Tungstate Coatings for Water Treatment Applications under Natural Sunlight. Catalysts 2017, 7, 283 .
AMA StyleMarina Ratova, Rafaela B. P. Marcelino, Patterson P. De Souza, Camila C. Amorim, Peter J. Kelly. Reactive Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Bismuth Tungstate Coatings for Water Treatment Applications under Natural Sunlight. Catalysts. 2017; 7 (10):283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarina Ratova; Rafaela B. P. Marcelino; Patterson P. De Souza; Camila C. Amorim; Peter J. Kelly. 2017. "Reactive Magnetron Sputter Deposition of Bismuth Tungstate Coatings for Water Treatment Applications under Natural Sunlight." Catalysts 7, no. 10: 283.
Doping of titanium dioxide with p-block elements is typically described as an efficient pathway for the enhancement of photocatalytic activity. However, the properties of the doped titania films depend greatly on the production method, source of doping, type of substrate, etc. The present work describes the use of pulsed direct current (pDC) magnetron sputtering for the deposition of carbon-doped titania coatings, using CO2 as the source of carbon; ratios of O2/CO2 were varied through variations of CO2 flow rates and oxygen flow control setpoints. Additionally, undoped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) coatings were prepared under identical deposition conditions for comparison purposes. Coatings were post-deposition annealed at 873 K and analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffreaction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic properties of the thin films were evaluated under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiation using methylene blue and stearic acid decomposition tests. Photoinduced hydrophilicity was assessed through measurements of the water contact angle under UV and visible light irradiation. It was found that, though C-doping resulted in improved dye degradation compared to undoped TiO2, the UV-induced photoactivity of Carbon-doped (C-doped) photocatalysts was lower for both model pollutants used.
Rachan Klaysri; Marina Ratova; Piyasan Praserthdam; Peter J. Kelly. Deposition of Visible Light-Active C-Doped Titania Films via Magnetron Sputtering Using CO2 as a Source of Carbon. Nanomaterials 2017, 7, 113 .
AMA StyleRachan Klaysri, Marina Ratova, Piyasan Praserthdam, Peter J. Kelly. Deposition of Visible Light-Active C-Doped Titania Films via Magnetron Sputtering Using CO2 as a Source of Carbon. Nanomaterials. 2017; 7 (5):113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRachan Klaysri; Marina Ratova; Piyasan Praserthdam; Peter J. Kelly. 2017. "Deposition of Visible Light-Active C-Doped Titania Films via Magnetron Sputtering Using CO2 as a Source of Carbon." Nanomaterials 7, no. 5: 113.
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment of the surface of a polypropylene film can significantly increase its surface energy and, thereby improve the printability of the film. A laboratory-scale dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) system has therefore been developed, which simulates the electrode configuration and reel-to-reel web transport mechanism used in a typical industrial-scale system. By treating the polypropylene in a nitrogen discharge, we have shown that the water contact angle could be reduced by as much as 40° compared to the untreated film, corresponding to an increase in surface energy of 14 mNm−1. Ink pull-off tests showed that the DBD plasma treatment resulted in excellent adhesion of solvent-based inks to the polypropylene film.
Lukas Jw Seidelmann; James W Bradley; Marina Ratova; Jonathan Hewitt; Jamie Moffat; Peter Kelly. Reel-to-Reel Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene Films. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 337 .
AMA StyleLukas Jw Seidelmann, James W Bradley, Marina Ratova, Jonathan Hewitt, Jamie Moffat, Peter Kelly. Reel-to-Reel Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene Films. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (4):337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLukas Jw Seidelmann; James W Bradley; Marina Ratova; Jonathan Hewitt; Jamie Moffat; Peter Kelly. 2017. "Reel-to-Reel Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric Barrier Discharge (DBD) Plasma Treatment of Polypropylene Films." Applied Sciences 7, no. 4: 337.