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Currently, people worldwide, in the period from September to April, observe with their own eyes and feel the pollution of the air, called smog, in their own breath. The biggest cause of smog and the source of air pollution is burning rubbish in stoves. Other causes include exhaust fumes from large factories, burning coal in furnaces, and car exhaust fumes. Smog is an unnatural phenomenon, directly related to human activity. The weather is becoming worse. On no-wind, foggy days, the smog phenomenon is the most troublesome for city dwellers. Smog persists in European countries from November to April, during the heating season. The harmful effect of smog affects almost the entire human body. Every year, air pollution causes the death of approximately 26,000–48,000 people. At the same time, poor air quality reduces life expectancy by up to a year. The purpose of this article is to present buildings and finishing elements that can help in the fight against air pollution.
Elżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. Anti-Smog Building and Civil Engineering Structures. Processes 2021, 9, 1446 .
AMA StyleElżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. Anti-Smog Building and Civil Engineering Structures. Processes. 2021; 9 (8):1446.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. 2021. "Anti-Smog Building and Civil Engineering Structures." Processes 9, no. 8: 1446.
Nowadays, the aim is to minimize the impact of a product or service on the environment in all phases of its life cycle. In particular, this applies to those in which the impact is greatest. One of the techniques that allow comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of manufactured products is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). With this method, an environmental declaration is made for the products obtained. WPC composites can be made in a sustainable way, without wasting any material and without altering. WPC composites can be made in a sustainable way, without wasting any material and without altering. Composites with wood fillers may be competitive to materials with inorganic fillers. Wood-polymer composites can be produced from original natural raw materials. They can also be obtained as a result of recycling, where either wood or polymers come from the recyclate. It is also possible to use both components from recovery. Another way is to use WPC as a future raw material. Research on the utilization of waste from such materials is also conducted in a number of research centres, taking material recycling as the basic direction, and technical products are manufactured from the obtained recyclate.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Recycling of Wood-Polymer Composites in Relation to Substrates and Finished Products. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2020, 960, 022053 .
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Recycling of Wood-Polymer Composites in Relation to Substrates and Finished Products. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2020; 960 (2):022053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2020. "Recycling of Wood-Polymer Composites in Relation to Substrates and Finished Products." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 960, no. 2: 022053.
The ability of microorganisms to degrade building materials depends on several factors. Biological corrosion occurs in close dependence with chemical and physical factors affecting microorganisms. The growth and development of microorganisms is stimulated by external stimuli, i.e., environmental factors. Microorganisms have a relatively large tolerance range for changes in environmental conditions. Under the right conditions, microorganisms thrive very well. The adverse effects may cause the inhibition of cell growth, damage, or lead to the death of the microorganism. Considering the impact of environmental factors on microorganisms, it is not possible to identify the most important of them. The result effect of overlapping factors determines the possibility of the growth of certain microorganisms. The main factors affecting the growth are temperature, humidity, hydrogen ion concentration in the environment, oxidoreductive potential, water activity in the environment, and hydrostatic pressure. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the factors causing biodeterioration. The influence of external/internal environment on the surface of cultural monuments made of mineral building materials, i.e., stone, concrete, mortar, etc., is presented.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review. Coatings 2020, 10, 1203 .
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review. Coatings. 2020; 10 (12):1203.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2020. "Environmental Factors Causing the Development of Microorganisms on the Surfaces of National Cultural Monuments Made of Mineral Building Materials—Review." Coatings 10, no. 12: 1203.
Mineral building materials are porous materials. The volume of pores connected is the active volume of pores or the effective volume. The volume of all pores is the total volume of the pores. The properties of the individual pores are different. Their dimensions and shape can influence the properties of materials. Materials are modified with different admixtures to improve their properties. However, additives or admixtures can cause corrosion. Although building materials do not provide food for microorganisms, they are very often inhabited by them. As a result of their presence and the action of metabolic products, biodeterioration occurs. One of the products of metabolism is water. In this paper we investigated how the modified structure of biodeterioration caused by mould fungi affects the moisture content of cement-polymer mortar with the admixture of polysiloxane latex.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Influence of pore structure on humidity parameters of cement-polymer mortars contaminated with filamentous fungi. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0231347 .
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Influence of pore structure on humidity parameters of cement-polymer mortars contaminated with filamentous fungi. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (4):e0231347.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2020. "Influence of pore structure on humidity parameters of cement-polymer mortars contaminated with filamentous fungi." PLOS ONE 15, no. 4: e0231347.
The right selection of building materials plays an important role when designing a building to fall within the definition of sustainable development. One of the most commonly used construction materials is concrete. Its production causes a high energy burden on the environment. Concrete is susceptible to external factors. As a result, cracks occur in the material. Achieving its durability along with the assumptions of sustainable construction means there is a need to use an environmentally friendly and effective technique of alternative crack removal in the damaged material. Bacterial self-healing concrete reduces costs in terms of detection of damage and maintenance of concrete structures, thus ensuring a safe lifetime of the structure. Bacterial concrete can improve its durability. However, it is not currently used on an industrial scale. The high cost of the substrates used means that they are not used on an industrial scale. Many research units try to reduce production costs through various methods; however, bacterial concrete can be an effective response to sustainability.
Elżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. Bacterial Concrete as a Sustainable Building Material? Sustainability 2020, 12, 696 .
AMA StyleElżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. Bacterial Concrete as a Sustainable Building Material? Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):696.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta Stanaszek-Tomal. 2020. "Bacterial Concrete as a Sustainable Building Material?" Sustainability 12, no. 2: 696.
Cement with the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles is a modern material. It allows ecological use of concrete by making concrete surfaces that demonstrate the ability to reduce airborne contaminants and self-cleaning. This is the result of introducing into its composition nanoparticles titanium dioxide TiO2, which has photocatalytic properties. Corrosion of concrete in wastewater treatment plants and sewage networks is a serious problem and poses a great threat. The phenomenon of corrosion caused by sulphur bacteria Thiobacillus is associated with the formation of biogenic sulphuric acid (VI). Therefore, the tested materials have been subjected to the environment stimulating sulphur bacteria. Used 1.5 mmol/L sulphuric acid solution. Despite the very good properties of mortars / concretes with nano-addition of titanium dioxide and the possibility of their use in various objects, it seems impossible to use sewage treatment plants in tanks. This is related to the deactivation of titanium dioxide after some time.
Elzbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The Influence of Metabolic Sulphuric Acid Solution on Cement Mortars (CEM II) Modified with Nano-TiO2. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 471, 042007 .
AMA StyleElzbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The Influence of Metabolic Sulphuric Acid Solution on Cement Mortars (CEM II) Modified with Nano-TiO2. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 471 (4):042007.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElzbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2019. "The Influence of Metabolic Sulphuric Acid Solution on Cement Mortars (CEM II) Modified with Nano-TiO2." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 471, no. 4: 042007.
The Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure concerning the technical conditions of buildings and their location required new designed buildings to have reduced amount of heat that is transmitted through the barrier. This involves the use of thermal insulation, of adequate thickness to meet the relevant requirements. As the environment conditions are favourable, the façades may deteriorate. Major aggressors include algae fungi or lichens, i.e. the formation of symbiotic growth of algae and fungi. Their construction, metabolic processes are the basis of knowledge about action to prevent corrosion.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The Problem of Biological Destruction of Façades of Insulated Buildings - Causes and Effects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2017, 245, 32012 .
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The Problem of Biological Destruction of Façades of Insulated Buildings - Causes and Effects. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2017; 245 ():32012.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2017. "The Problem of Biological Destruction of Façades of Insulated Buildings - Causes and Effects." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 245, no. : 32012.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The influence of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on the distribution of pores in mortars CEM I. OCHRONA PRZED KOROZJĄ 2017, 1, 31 -35.
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. The influence of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on the distribution of pores in mortars CEM I. OCHRONA PRZED KOROZJĄ. 2017; 1 (4):31-35.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2017. "The influence of activated sludge wastewater treatment plant on the distribution of pores in mortars CEM I." OCHRONA PRZED KOROZJĄ 1, no. 4: 31-35.
Biological corrosion of sewers and sewage treatment plants constitutes a serious problem and its effects result in the loss of billions of dollars a year. It is generally acknowledged that corrosion of concrete caused by microorganisms is associated with their production of sulphuric acid as the main metabolic product. The activity of the bacteria leads to the formation of the sulphur cycle in the system, and consequently to the formation of sulphuric acid, whose presence causes corrosion of concrete. Moreover, the presence of other organisms, such as nitrifying bacteria, fungi and organic acids also contributes to the degradation of the concrete. This article discusses the mechanism caused by biogenic inorganic acids
Elzbieta Stanaszek-Tomal; Maria Fiertak. Biological Corrosion in the Sewage System and the Sewage Treatment Plant. Procedia Engineering 2016, 161, 116 -120.
AMA StyleElzbieta Stanaszek-Tomal, Maria Fiertak. Biological Corrosion in the Sewage System and the Sewage Treatment Plant. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 161 ():116-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElzbieta Stanaszek-Tomal; Maria Fiertak. 2016. "Biological Corrosion in the Sewage System and the Sewage Treatment Plant." Procedia Engineering 161, no. : 116-120.
The article presents the effect of the addition of polymer to mortars with CEMI and its influence on durability under conditions of sulfuric acid or nitric and sulphur bacteria or nitrogen (nitrification and denitrification). Both acids corresponds to the products of metabolism of bacteriaAcidithiobacillus thiooxidansandThiobacillus denitrificans,Paracoccus denitrificansby the literature is about 0.15 mmol/dm3. The changes in tightness materials studied by determining moisture mass and absorption. Corrosion processes were identified by examination in a scanning microscope equipped with an X-ray microanalyzer and a mercury porosimeter. The research results presented showed that the solution has a significantly weaker effect on the composite cement and cement-polymer compared with the action of bacteria. The action of both environments caused two opposing processes: unsealing the structure and deposition of corrosion products.
E. STANASZEK-TOMAL; M. Fiertak. Biological and chemical corrosion of cement materials modified with polymer. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 2015, 63, 591 -596.
AMA StyleE. STANASZEK-TOMAL, M. Fiertak. Biological and chemical corrosion of cement materials modified with polymer. Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences. 2015; 63 (3):591-596.
Chicago/Turabian StyleE. STANASZEK-TOMAL; M. Fiertak. 2015. "Biological and chemical corrosion of cement materials modified with polymer." Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences 63, no. 3: 591-596.
The paper deals with test results of the influence of Penicillium chrysogenum and Cladosporium herbarum fungi on the mechanical and sorption properties of cement mortars CEM I and the mortars modified by polymers. The corrosion processes were identified by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, by the aid of a scanning microscope with an X-ray microanalyser and by mercury porosimetry. The results presented show a high concentration of the fungi in the mortars, especially in the materials modified by polysiloxane and acrylic polymers. The presence of the fungi greatly influences the useful properties of cement materials. The high growth of these microorganisms significantly influences the mass moisture and absorbability as well as flexural strength, which is strictly connected with these properties. The actions of the filamentous fungi resulted in two opposing processes: the unsealing of the structure and deposition of corrosion products. The paper deals with test results of the influence of Penicillium chrysogenum and Cladosporium herbarum fungi on the mechanical and sorption properties of cement mortars CEM I and the mortars modified by polymers. The corrosion processes were identified by chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, by the aid of a scanning microscope with an X-ray microanalyser and by mercury porosimetry. The results presented show a high concentration of the fungi in the mortars, especially in the materials modified by polysiloxane and acrylic polymers. The presence of the fungi greatly influences the useful properties of cement materials. The high growth of these microorganisms significantly influences the mass moisture and absorbability as well as flexural strength, which is strictly connected with these properties. The actions of the filamentous fungi resulted in two opposing processes: the unsealing of the structure and deposition of corrosion products.
Maria Fiertak; Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL; Aleksander Kozak. The growth of fungi and their effect on the behaviour of cement–polymer composites. Advances in Cement Research 2015, 27, 340 -351.
AMA StyleMaria Fiertak, Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL, Aleksander Kozak. The growth of fungi and their effect on the behaviour of cement–polymer composites. Advances in Cement Research. 2015; 27 (6):340-351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Fiertak; Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL; Aleksander Kozak. 2015. "The growth of fungi and their effect on the behaviour of cement–polymer composites." Advances in Cement Research 27, no. 6: 340-351.
Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL; Teresa Stryszewska. Influence of Salting Mineral Materials on the Development of Fungi. Procedia Engineering 2015, 108, 301 -308.
AMA StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL, Teresa Stryszewska. Influence of Salting Mineral Materials on the Development of Fungi. Procedia Engineering. 2015; 108 ():301-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleElżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL; Teresa Stryszewska. 2015. "Influence of Salting Mineral Materials on the Development of Fungi." Procedia Engineering 108, no. : 301-308.
Maria Fiertak; Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Biological Corrosion of Polymer-modified Cement Bound Materials Exposed to Activated Sludge in Sewage Treatment Plants. Procedia Engineering 2013, 65, 335 -340.
AMA StyleMaria Fiertak, Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. Biological Corrosion of Polymer-modified Cement Bound Materials Exposed to Activated Sludge in Sewage Treatment Plants. Procedia Engineering. 2013; 65 ():335-340.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaria Fiertak; Elżbieta STANASZEK-TOMAL. 2013. "Biological Corrosion of Polymer-modified Cement Bound Materials Exposed to Activated Sludge in Sewage Treatment Plants." Procedia Engineering 65, no. : 335-340.