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Mr. Rasoul Nekouei
Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT), School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney 2052, Australia

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Electrochemistry
0 Renewable energies
0 Recycling of electronic waste (e-waste)
0 Energy storage and energy-harvesting nanomaterials
0 Synthesis of nanomaterials and thin films

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Review article
Published: 29 January 2020 in Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry
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Circular economy and electronic waste (e-waste) are among today's hot topics for scientists, environmentalists, and even policymakers. A considerable fraction of e-waste is waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), which contains a wide range of metals, ceramics, and polymers. This variety of substances has made the recycling of WPCB an interesting challenge. Recently, there have been trends to not only recover WPCB into raw materials but also add extra value to final products by transforming the products into nanomaterials, catalysts, composites, etc. In this article, first, a practical model for adding value through recycling processes is defined, that is, the valorization model. Second, the recent studies that offered functional commodities extracted from WPCB, with an average value higher than traditional recycling methods, are reviewed and compared, to conclude a future projection for WPCB valorization.

ACS Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Ignacio Tudela; Farshid Pahlevani; Veena Sahajwalla. Current trends in direct transformation of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) into value-added materials and products. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 2020, 24, 14 -20.

AMA Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei, Ignacio Tudela, Farshid Pahlevani, Veena Sahajwalla. Current trends in direct transformation of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) into value-added materials and products. Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry. 2020; 24 ():14-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Ignacio Tudela; Farshid Pahlevani; Veena Sahajwalla. 2020. "Current trends in direct transformation of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) into value-added materials and products." Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry 24, no. : 14-20.

Journal article
Published: 02 January 2020 in Processes
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Unprecedented advances and innovation in technology and short lifespans of electronic devices have resulted in the generation of a considerable amount of electronic waste (e-waste). Polymeric components present in electronic waste contain a wide range of organic materials encompassing a significant portion of carbon (C). This source of carbon can be employed as a reducing agent in the reduction of oxides from another waste stream, i.e., steelmaking slag, which contains ≈20 wt%–40 wt% iron oxide. This waste slag is produced on a very large scale by the steel industry due to the nature of the process. In this research, the polymeric residue leftover from waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) after a physical-chemical recycling process was used as the source of carbon in the reduction of iron oxide from electric arc furnace (EAF) slag. Prior to the recycling tests, the polymer content of e-waste was characterized in terms of composition, morphology, thermal behavior, molecular structure, hazardous elements such as Br, the volatile portion, and the fixed carbon content. After the optimization of the ratio between the waste slag (Fe source) and the waste polymer (the carbon source), the microstructure of the recycled alloy showed no Br, Cl, S, or other contamination. Hence, two problematic and complex waste streams were successfully converted to a clean alloy with 4 wt% C, 4% Cr, 2% Si, 1% Mn, and 89% Fe.

ACS Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Samane Maroufi; Mohammad Assefi; Farshid Pahlevani; Veena Sahajwalla. Thermal Isolation of a Clean Alloy from Waste Slag and Polymeric Residue of Electronic Waste. Processes 2020, 8, 53 .

AMA Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei, Samane Maroufi, Mohammad Assefi, Farshid Pahlevani, Veena Sahajwalla. Thermal Isolation of a Clean Alloy from Waste Slag and Polymeric Residue of Electronic Waste. Processes. 2020; 8 (1):53.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Samane Maroufi; Mohammad Assefi; Farshid Pahlevani; Veena Sahajwalla. 2020. "Thermal Isolation of a Clean Alloy from Waste Slag and Polymeric Residue of Electronic Waste." Processes 8, no. 1: 53.

Research article
Published: 22 June 2019 in Environmental Science and Pollution Research
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Despite attempts to enhance the recycling of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), the simultaneous recovery of major metals of WPCBs using an efficient approach is still a great challenge. This study mainly concerned with applying an effective statistical tool to optimize the recovery of metal content (i.e., Cu, Fe, Zn, Pb, Ni, Sn, and Al) embedded in WPCBs using a leaching agent without any additive or oxidative agent. Another target was to optimize a multi-response recovery process by minimizing time, energy, and acid consumption during the leaching. Effective parameters and their levels, including leaching time (20-60 min), temperature (25-45 °C), solid to liquid (S/L) ratio (1/8-1/20 g/ml), and acid molarity (1-2.7 M), were optimized. A well-established statistical approach (i.e., response surface methodology (RSM)) was applied to precisely quantify and interpret the effects. General optimum conditions for nine responses were introduced with the desirability of ≈ 85%. Finally, the solid residue of leaching was characterized and results showed the morphology, structure, and composition of the residue content (i.e., polymers and ceramics) remained the same after the leaching, indicating the neutral behavior of the leaching process on these two materials. Also, thermal behavior and phase analysis of the original WPCBs and leaching residue were compared and analyzed. Graphical

ACS Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Farshid Pahlevani; Rabeeh Golmohammadzadeh; Mohammad Assefi; Ravindra Rajarao; Yen-Hao Chen; Veena Sahajwalla. Recovery of heavy metals from waste printed circuit boards: statistical optimization of leaching and residue characterization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2019, 26, 24417 -24429.

AMA Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei, Farshid Pahlevani, Rabeeh Golmohammadzadeh, Mohammad Assefi, Ravindra Rajarao, Yen-Hao Chen, Veena Sahajwalla. Recovery of heavy metals from waste printed circuit boards: statistical optimization of leaching and residue characterization. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2019; 26 (24):24417-24429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rasoul Khayyam Nekouei; Farshid Pahlevani; Rabeeh Golmohammadzadeh; Mohammad Assefi; Ravindra Rajarao; Yen-Hao Chen; Veena Sahajwalla. 2019. "Recovery of heavy metals from waste printed circuit boards: statistical optimization of leaching and residue characterization." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 26, no. 24: 24417-24429.