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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used frequently as a decision support tool for evaluating different design choices for products based on their environmental impacts. A life cycle usually comprises several phases of varying timespans. The amount of emissions generated from different life cycle phases of a product could be significantly different from one another. In conventional LCA, the emissions generated from the life cycle phases of a product are aggregated at the inventory analysis stage, which is then used as an input for life cycle impact assessment. However, when the emissions are aggregated, the temporal variability of inventory data is ignored, which may result in inaccurate environmental impact assessment. Besides, the conventional LCA does not consider the environmental impact of circular products with multiple use cycles. It poses difficulties in identifying the hotspots of emission-intensive activities with the potential to mislead conclusions and implications for both practice and policy. To address this issue and to analyze the embedded temporal variations in inventory data in a CE context, the paper proposes calculating the emission intensity for each life cycle phase. It is argued that calculating and comparing emission intensity, based on the timespan and amount of emissions for individual life cycle phases, at the inventory analysis stage of LCA offers a complementary approach to the traditional aggregate emission-based LCA approach. In a circular scenario, it helps to identify significant issues during different life cycle phases and the relevant environmental performance improvement opportunities through product, business model, and supply chain design.
Sayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan; Malvina Roci; Farazee Asif; Niloufar Salehi; Amir Rashid. Analyzing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy. Sustainability 2021, 13, 344 .
AMA StyleSayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan, Malvina Roci, Farazee Asif, Niloufar Salehi, Amir Rashid. Analyzing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (1):344.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan; Malvina Roci; Farazee Asif; Niloufar Salehi; Amir Rashid. 2021. "Analyzing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 344.
Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used frequently as a decision support tool for evaluating different design choices of products based on their environmental impacts. A life cycle usually comprises several phases of varying timespan. The amount of emissions generated from different life cycle phases of a product could be significantly different from one another. In conventional LCA, the emissions generated from the life cycle phases of a product are aggregated at the inventory analysis stage, which is then used as an input for life cycle impact assessment. However, when the emissions are aggregated, the temporal variability of inventory data is ignored, which may result in inaccurate environmental impact assessment. Besides, the conventional LCA does not consider the environmental impact of circular products with multiple use cycles. It poses difficulties in identifying the hotspots of emission-intensive activities with the potential to mislead conclusions and implications for both practice and policy. To address this issue and to analyse the embedded temporal variations in inventory data in a CE context, the paper proposes to calculate the emission intensity for each life cycle phase. It is argued that calculating and comparing emission intensity, based on the timespan and amount of emissions for individual life cycle phases, at the inventory analysis stage of LCA offers a complementary approach to the traditional aggregate emission-based LCA approach. In a circular scenario, it helps to identify significant issues during different life cycle phases and the relevant environmental performance improvement opportunities through product, business model and supply chain design.
Sayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan; Malvina Roci; Farazee Mohammad Abdullah Asif; Niloufar Salehi; Amir Rashid. Analysing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleSayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan, Malvina Roci, Farazee Mohammad Abdullah Asif, Niloufar Salehi, Amir Rashid. Analysing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSayyed Shoaib-Ul-Hasan; Malvina Roci; Farazee Mohammad Abdullah Asif; Niloufar Salehi; Amir Rashid. 2020. "Analysing Temporal Variability in Inventory Data for Life Cycle Assessment: Implications in the Context of Circular Economy." , no. : 1.
Additive manufacturing (AM) has recently been accorded considerable interest by manufacturers. Many manufacturing industries, amongst others in the aerospace sector, are already using AM parts or are investing in such manufacturing methods. Important material properties, such as microstructures, residual stress, and surface topography, can be affected by AM processes. In addition, a subtractive manufacturing (SM) process, such as machining, is required for finishing certain parts when accurate tolerances are required. This finish machining will subsequently affect the surface integrity and topography of the material. In this research work, we focused on the surface integrity of Ti-6Al-4V parts manufactured using three different types of AM and finished using an SM step. The aim of this study was to gain an understanding on how each process affects the resulting surface integrity of the material. It was found that each AM process affects the materials’ properties differently and that clear differences exist compared to a reference material manufactured using conventional methods. The newly generated surface was investigated after the SM step and each combination of AM/SM resulted in differences in surface integrity. It was found that different AM processes result in different microstructures which in turn affect surface integrity after the SM process.
Roland Bejjani; Erik Bamford; Stefan Cedergren; Andreas Archenti; Amir Rashid. Variations in the Surface Integrity of Ti-6Al-4V by Combinations of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Processes. Materials 2020, 13, 1825 .
AMA StyleRoland Bejjani, Erik Bamford, Stefan Cedergren, Andreas Archenti, Amir Rashid. Variations in the Surface Integrity of Ti-6Al-4V by Combinations of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Processes. Materials. 2020; 13 (8):1825.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoland Bejjani; Erik Bamford; Stefan Cedergren; Andreas Archenti; Amir Rashid. 2020. "Variations in the Surface Integrity of Ti-6Al-4V by Combinations of Additive and Subtractive Manufacturing Processes." Materials 13, no. 8: 1825.
Transitions from a linear (take-make-dispose) to a circular product system (considering reuse/remanufacturing/recycling) require changes of business models through new value propositions. Therefore, the focus for industrial businesses shifts from selling physical products to, for example, providing access to functionality through business innovation. In this context it is particularly challenging to understand what complexity a new concept like circular economy (CE) brings to established businesses where the success and the failure of the business is dependent on customer’s acceptance of new value propositions. The objective of this paper is to develop an algorithm based on gathered survey data to “learn” choice behavior of a small customer group and then replicate that choice behavior on a larger population level. This paper explores the opportunities of different circular business offers in the city of Stockholm by embedding support vector machine classifiers, which are trained on CE survey data, in a simulation model to quantify and study choice behavior on city level. Stated choices from CE surveys including unique demographic data from the respondents, i.e. age, income, gender and education, are used for algorithm training. Based on the survey data, support vector machine algorithms are trained to replicate the decision-making process of a small sample of respondents. The example of a washing machine is used as a case study with the attributes price and payment scheme, environmental friendliness as well as service level. The trained support vector machines are then implemented in a simulation model to simulate choice behavior on population level (Stockholm city). This paper is the first of its kind to use both machine learning and simulation approaches in a CE market acceptance context. Based on the washing machine-specific survey and Stockholm-specific customer data, results indicate that larger share of the Stockholm population would be willing to opt for circular washing machine offers compared to the existing linear sales model. Given the data-driven nature of machine learning algorithms and the process-oriented structure of simulations programs allows for generating large amounts of data from small samples. This supports exploration of new emerging areas like CE in addition to saving time and expenses.
Michael Lieder; Farazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid. A choice behavior experiment with circular business models using machine learning and simulation modeling. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 258, 120894 .
AMA StyleMichael Lieder, Farazee M.A. Asif, Amir Rashid. A choice behavior experiment with circular business models using machine learning and simulation modeling. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 258 ():120894.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Lieder; Farazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid. 2020. "A choice behavior experiment with circular business models using machine learning and simulation modeling." Journal of Cleaner Production 258, no. : 120894.
Amir Rashid. Additive Manufacturing Technologies. CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering 2019, 39 -46.
AMA StyleAmir Rashid. Additive Manufacturing Technologies. CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering. 2019; ():39-46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Rashid. 2019. "Additive Manufacturing Technologies." CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering , no. : 39-46.
Amir Rashid. Additive Manufacturing Technologies. CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering 2018, 1 -9.
AMA StyleAmir Rashid. Additive Manufacturing Technologies. CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering. 2018; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Rashid. 2018. "Additive Manufacturing Technologies." CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering , no. : 1-9.
Michael Lieder; Farazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Aleš Mihelič; Simon Kotnik. A conjoint analysis of circular economy value propositions for consumers: Using “washing machines in Stockholm” as a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production 2018, 172, 264 -273.
AMA StyleMichael Lieder, Farazee M.A. Asif, Amir Rashid, Aleš Mihelič, Simon Kotnik. A conjoint analysis of circular economy value propositions for consumers: Using “washing machines in Stockholm” as a case study. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2018; 172 ():264-273.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Lieder; Farazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Aleš Mihelič; Simon Kotnik. 2018. "A conjoint analysis of circular economy value propositions for consumers: Using “washing machines in Stockholm” as a case study." Journal of Cleaner Production 172, no. : 264-273.
The recent circular economy movement has raised awareness and interest about untapped environmental and economic potential in the manufacturing industry. One of the crucial aspects in the implementation of circular or closed-loop manufacturing approach is the design of circular products. While it is obvious that three post-use strategies, i.e., reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling, are highly relevant to achieve loop closure, it is enormously challenging to choose “the right” strategy (if at all) during the early design stage and especially at the single component level. One reason is that economic and environmental impacts of adapting these strategies are not explicit as they vary depending on the chosen business model and associated supply chains. In this scenario, decision support is essential to motivate adaptation of regenerative design strategies. The main purpose of this paper is to provide reliable decision support at the intersection of multiple lifecycle design and business models in the circular economy context to identify effects on cost and CO2 emissions. The development of this work consists of a systematic method to quantify design effort for different circular design options through a multi-method simulation approach. The simulation model combines an agent-based product architecture and a discrete event closed-loop supply chain model. Feasibility of the model is tested using a case of a washing machine provided by Gorenje d.d. Firstly, design efforts for reuse, remanufacturing, and recycling are quantified. Secondly, cost and emissions of different design options are explored with different business model configurations. Finally, an optimization experiment is run to identify the most cost-effective combination of reused, remanufactured, and recycled components for a business model chosen on the basis of the explorative study results.
Michael Lieder; Farazee M. A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Aleš Mihelič; Simon Kotnik. Towards circular economy implementation in manufacturing systems using a multi-method simulation approach to link design and business strategy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2017, 93, 1953 -1970.
AMA StyleMichael Lieder, Farazee M. A. Asif, Amir Rashid, Aleš Mihelič, Simon Kotnik. Towards circular economy implementation in manufacturing systems using a multi-method simulation approach to link design and business strategy. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2017; 93 (5-8):1953-1970.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Lieder; Farazee M. A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Aleš Mihelič; Simon Kotnik. 2017. "Towards circular economy implementation in manufacturing systems using a multi-method simulation approach to link design and business strategy." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 93, no. 5-8: 1953-1970.
This paper introduces an agent-based approach to study customer behavior in terms of their acceptance of new business models in Circular Economy (CE) context. In a CE customers are perceived as integral part of the business and therefore customer acceptance of new business models becomes crucial as it determines the successful implementation of CE. However, tools or methods are missing to capture customer behavior to assess how customers will react if an organization introduces a new business model such as leasing or functional sales. The purpose of this research is to bring forward a quantitative analysis tool for identifying proper marketing and pricing strategies to obtain best fit demand behavior for the chosen new business model. This tool will support decision makers in determining the impact of introducing new (circular) business models. The model has been developed using an agent-based modeling approach which delivers results based on socio-demographic factors of a population and customers’ relative preferences of product attributes price, environmental friendliness and service-orientation. The implementation of the model has been tested using the practical business example of a washing machine. This research presents the first agent-based tool that can assess customer behavior and determine whether introduction of new business models will be accepted or not and how customer acceptance can be influenced to accelerate CE implementation. The tool integrates socio-demographic factors, product utility functions, social network structures and inter-agent communication in order to comprehensively describe behavior on individual customer level. In addition to the tool itself the results of this research indicates the need for systematic marketing strategies which emphasize CE value propositions in order to accelerate customer acceptance and shorten the transition time from linear to circular. Agent-based models are emphasized as highly capable to fill the gap between diffusion-based penetration of information and resulting behavior in the form of purchase decisions.
Michael Lieder; Farazee M. A. Asif; Amir Rashid. Towards Circular Economy implementation: an agent-based simulation approach for business model changes. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 2017, 31, 1377 -1402.
AMA StyleMichael Lieder, Farazee M. A. Asif, Amir Rashid. Towards Circular Economy implementation: an agent-based simulation approach for business model changes. Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems. 2017; 31 (6):1377-1402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Lieder; Farazee M. A. Asif; Amir Rashid. 2017. "Towards Circular Economy implementation: an agent-based simulation approach for business model changes." Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems 31, no. 6: 1377-1402.
Farazee M.A. Asif; Michael Lieder; Amir Rashid. Multi-method simulation based tool to evaluate economic and environmental performance of circular product systems. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 139, 1261 -1281.
AMA StyleFarazee M.A. Asif, Michael Lieder, Amir Rashid. Multi-method simulation based tool to evaluate economic and environmental performance of circular product systems. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 139 ():1261-1281.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarazee M.A. Asif; Michael Lieder; Amir Rashid. 2016. "Multi-method simulation based tool to evaluate economic and environmental performance of circular product systems." Journal of Cleaner Production 139, no. : 1261-1281.
Peter Krajnik; Amir Rashid; Franci Pušavec; Maja Remskar; Akinori Yui; Nader Nikkam; Muhammet S. Toprak. Transitioning to sustainable production – part III: developments and possibilities for integration of nanotechnology into material processing technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production 2016, 112, 1156 -1164.
AMA StylePeter Krajnik, Amir Rashid, Franci Pušavec, Maja Remskar, Akinori Yui, Nader Nikkam, Muhammet S. Toprak. Transitioning to sustainable production – part III: developments and possibilities for integration of nanotechnology into material processing technologies. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2016; 112 ():1156-1164.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeter Krajnik; Amir Rashid; Franci Pušavec; Maja Remskar; Akinori Yui; Nader Nikkam; Muhammet S. Toprak. 2016. "Transitioning to sustainable production – part III: developments and possibilities for integration of nanotechnology into material processing technologies." Journal of Cleaner Production 112, no. : 1156-1164.
Farazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Carmine Bianchi; Cornel M. Nicolescu. System dynamics models for decision making in product multiple lifecycles. Resources, Conservation and Recycling 2015, 101, 20 -33.
AMA StyleFarazee M.A. Asif, Amir Rashid, Carmine Bianchi, Cornel M. Nicolescu. System dynamics models for decision making in product multiple lifecycles. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2015; 101 ():20-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFarazee M.A. Asif; Amir Rashid; Carmine Bianchi; Cornel M. Nicolescu. 2015. "System dynamics models for decision making in product multiple lifecycles." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 101, no. : 20-33.
Titanium and nickel alloys are the most commonly used in the demanding industries like aerospace, energy, petrochemical, and biomedical. These highly engineered alloys offer unique combination of heat resistance, corrosion resistance, toughness, high operating temperature, and strength-to-weight ratio. These alloys are termed as “Difficult to cut materials” because of their low machinability rating. They are difficult to machine because of properties like low thermal conductivity, high strength at elevated temperatures, and high chemical reactivity. Machining of titanium- and nickel-based alloys causes problems of surface integrity and selection of cutting tool materials that is always a challenge for manufacturers. In this work, machinability studies for titanium and nickel alloys are reviewed with reference to cutting tool materials, associated wear mechanisms, failure modes, and novel tooling techniques. It also discusses major surface integrity defects like carbide cracking, white layer formation, work hardening layer formation, residual stresses, and microstructural alterations. Major aim of this work is to evaluate the challenges involved in improving machinability of the titanium- and nickel-based alloys, and determine the future research direction for productivity improvements in machining these alloys.
Salman Pervaiz; Amir Rashid; Ibrahim Deiab; Mihai Nicolescu. Influence of Tool Materials on Machinability of Titanium- and Nickel-Based Alloys: A Review. Materials and Manufacturing Processes 2014, 29, 219 -252.
AMA StyleSalman Pervaiz, Amir Rashid, Ibrahim Deiab, Mihai Nicolescu. Influence of Tool Materials on Machinability of Titanium- and Nickel-Based Alloys: A Review. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2014; 29 (3):219-252.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalman Pervaiz; Amir Rashid; Ibrahim Deiab; Mihai Nicolescu. 2014. "Influence of Tool Materials on Machinability of Titanium- and Nickel-Based Alloys: A Review." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 29, no. 3: 219-252.
For sustainability of our future societies we need sustainable manufacturing strategies with resource and environment conservation as their integral part. In this perspective closed-loop supply chains are considered as the most feasible solution. However, their implementation within the paradigm of prevailing open-loop product systems seems extremely complicated and practically infeasible. This paper argues for a radical shift in thinking on the closed-loop systems and presents the novel concept of Resource Conservative Manufacturing (ResCoM). The ResCoM concept considers the conservation of energy, material and value added with waste prevention and environment protection as integrated components of the product design and development strategy. It also presents the innovative idea of products with multiple lifecycles where several lifecycles of predefined duration are determined already at the product design stage thus demanding for new design strategies and methodologies. To succeed with this concept ResCoM advocates for new approach to supply chain design and business models as well, where the customers are integral part of manufacturing enterprises and the product design is effectively connected with the supply chain design. This work concludes that the products, supply chains and the business models developed for open-loop product systems are unable to cope with the dynamics of closed-loop systems. The uncertainties associated with product returns are inherent to the conventional concept of lifecycle and closed-loop systems. The ResCoM concept has much better capability in dealing with these uncertainties while developing sustainable closed-loop systems. The presented work outlines and discusses the conceptual framework of ResCoM. A comprehensive work on the strategic and tactical issues in the implementation of the ResCoM concept will follow.
Amir Rashid; Farazee M.A. Asif; Peter Krajnik; Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. Resource Conservative Manufacturing: an essential change in business and technology paradigm for sustainable manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production 2013, 57, 166 -177.
AMA StyleAmir Rashid, Farazee M.A. Asif, Peter Krajnik, Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. Resource Conservative Manufacturing: an essential change in business and technology paradigm for sustainable manufacturing. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2013; 57 ():166-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmir Rashid; Farazee M.A. Asif; Peter Krajnik; Cornel Mihai Nicolescu. 2013. "Resource Conservative Manufacturing: an essential change in business and technology paradigm for sustainable manufacturing." Journal of Cleaner Production 57, no. : 166-177.