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Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad
Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering Department, Iowa State University, Elings Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA

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Journal article
Published: 11 February 2020 in Bioengineering
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Ethanol is a material that has a high demand from different industries such as fuel, beverages, and other industrial applications. Commonly, ethanol has been produced from yeast fermentation using sugar crops as a feedstock. However, food waste (FW) was found to be one of the promising resources to produce ethanol because it contained a higher amount of glucose. Generally, column distillation has been used to separate ethanol from the fermentation broth, but this operation is considered an energy-intensive process. On the contrary, membrane distillation is expected to be more practical and cost-effective because of its lower energy requirement. Therefore, this study aims to make a comparison of economic performance on FW fermentation with membrane distillation and a conventional distillation system using techno-economy analysis (TEA) method. A commercial-scale FW fermentation plant was modeled using SuperPro Designer V9.0 Modeling. Discounted cash flow analysis was employed to determine ethanol minimum selling price (MSP) for both distillation systems at 10% of the internal rate of return. Results from this analysis showed that membrane distillation has a higher MSP than a conventional process, $6.24 and $2.41 per gallon ($1.65 and $0.64 per liter) respectively. Hence, this study found that membrane distillation is not economical to be implemented in commercial-scale ethanol production.

ACS Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. Economic Assessment of Bioethanol Recovery Using Membrane Distillation for Food Waste Fermentation. Bioengineering 2020, 7, 15 .

AMA Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad, Kurt A. Rosentrater. Economic Assessment of Bioethanol Recovery Using Membrane Distillation for Food Waste Fermentation. Bioengineering. 2020; 7 (1):15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. 2020. "Economic Assessment of Bioethanol Recovery Using Membrane Distillation for Food Waste Fermentation." Bioengineering 7, no. 1: 15.

Research article
Published: 23 January 2020 in SN Applied Sciences
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Food waste (FW) has been identified as a critical global issue. The generation of FW is challenging to control because it is driven by various factors. Landfills, the most common final destinations for FW, are often associated with negative economic and environmental impact. Most previous studies have found that FW could also contribute to global warming due to GHG emission from decomposition of organic waste, so it is important to divert FW from landfills and find a better option such as using it to produce other value-added products. Depending on the particular FW composition, such waste has potential to be used in fermentation technology, so the primary objective of this study is to compare the global-warming potential (GWP) impact of FW fermentation and landfill disposal methods. Life-cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted to determine the effect on environmental of four scenarios: (i) FW fermentation without enzymes and a 2-step distillation system, (ii) FW fermentation without enzymes and a membrane distillation separation process, (iii) FW fermentation integrated with combined heat power (CHP), and (iv) FW in landfills. As expected, all FW fermentation options produced lower GWP impact values than a landfilling method. From the overall fermentation process, the lowest total GWP value was 164.1 kg CO2-eq/1 Mg of FW for the second scenario. Membrane distillation is an environmentally sound process, and suggesting that FW can be utilized to produce value-added products in fermentation while minimizing the environmental burden.

ACS Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. Comparison of global-warming potential impact of food waste fermentation to landfill disposal. SN Applied Sciences 2020, 2, 1 -7.

AMA Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad, Kurt A. Rosentrater. Comparison of global-warming potential impact of food waste fermentation to landfill disposal. SN Applied Sciences. 2020; 2 (2):1-7.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. 2020. "Comparison of global-warming potential impact of food waste fermentation to landfill disposal." SN Applied Sciences 2, no. 2: 1-7.

Journal article
Published: 16 January 2020 in Energies
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Food waste (FW) is one of the most critical problems in the world. Most FW will be sent to landfills, generally accompanying some significant disadvantages to the surrounding environment. Fermentation is considered as another disposal method to deal with FW. In this study, using a techno-economic analysis (TEA) method, an evaluation of the economic impact of three different scenarios of FW fermentation is carried out. A SuperPro Designer V9.0 simulation was used to model a commercial scale processing plant for each scenario, namely, a FW fermentation process producing hydrolysis enzymes and featuring a 2-step distillation system, a FW fermentation process without enzymes, using a 2-step distillation system, and a FW fermentation process without enzymes, using a 1-step distillation system. Discounted cash flow analysis is used to estimate the minimum ethanol selling price (MESP), where the lowest MESP result of $2.41/gal ($0.64/L) of ethanol is found for the second aforementioned scenario, showing that, even without enzymes in FW fermentation, the product cost can be competitive when compared to the other scenarios considered in this study. This project thus reflects a significant positive economic impact while minimizing the environmental footprint of a commercial production facility.

ACS Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. Techno-Economic Evaluation of Food Waste Fermentation for Value-Added Products. Energies 2020, 13, 436 .

AMA Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad, Kurt A. Rosentrater. Techno-Economic Evaluation of Food Waste Fermentation for Value-Added Products. Energies. 2020; 13 (2):436.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Kurt A. Rosentrater. 2020. "Techno-Economic Evaluation of Food Waste Fermentation for Value-Added Products." Energies 13, no. 2: 436.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering
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A detached eddy simulation (DES) and a k-ε-based Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) calculation on the co-current spray drying chamber is presented. The DES used here is based on the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model, whereas the standard k-ε (SKE) was considered here for comparison purposes. Predictions of the mean axial velocity, temperature and humidity profile have been evaluated and compared with experimental measurements. The effects of the turbulence model on the predictions of the mean axial velocity, temperature and the humidity profile are most noticeable in the (highly anisotropic) spraying region. The findings suggest that DES provide a more accurate prediction (with error less than 5%) of the flow field in a spray drying chamber compared with RANS-based k-ε models. The DES simulation also confirmed the presence of anisotropic turbulent flow in the spray dryer from the analysis of the velocity components fluctuations and turbulent structure as illustrated by the Q-criterion

ACS Style

Jolius Gimbun; Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Woon Phui Law. Unsteady RANS and detached eddy simulation of the multiphase flow in a co-current spray drying. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2015, 23, 1421 -1428.

AMA Style

Jolius Gimbun, Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad, Woon Phui Law. Unsteady RANS and detached eddy simulation of the multiphase flow in a co-current spray drying. Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2015; 23 (9):1421-1428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jolius Gimbun; Noor Intan Shafinas Muhammad; Woon Phui Law. 2015. "Unsteady RANS and detached eddy simulation of the multiphase flow in a co-current spray drying." Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 23, no. 9: 1421-1428.