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Using adsorbents to remove cadmium, a highly toxic element, from the aqueous solution is an effective method. Cd (II) adsorbent was prepared from modified diatomite, using NaOH and MnCl2 as compound modifiers. The microstructure of the samples was studied by SEM, IR, and XRD. And the adsorbent modification and the adsorption process of Cd (II) were analyzed. The results showed that the active silane chain on the diatomite matrix surface was opened during the modification process. And then the manganese modified material was grafted on the active hydroxyl site and the opened silane chain respectively. And some Mn4+ substituted Al3+ were grafted on the surface of the diatomite. Compared with diatomites , the specific surface area of the adsorbent grafted with manganese oxide was increased by about 8 times, and a large number of manganese hydroxyl sites were formed on its surface. Thus, compared with the unmodified diatomite, the adsorption rate of Cd (II) on the modified adsorbent was increased to 98.69%, suggest that modified diatomite could be employed as an efficient adsorbent for the removal of Cd(II) from wastwater.
Tai-Ming Shen; Hui Xu; Ying Miao; Li-Li Ma; Nan-Chun Chen; Qing-Lin Xie. Study on the adsorption process of Cd(II) by Mn-diatomite modified adsorbent. Materials Letters 2021, 300, 130087 .
AMA StyleTai-Ming Shen, Hui Xu, Ying Miao, Li-Li Ma, Nan-Chun Chen, Qing-Lin Xie. Study on the adsorption process of Cd(II) by Mn-diatomite modified adsorbent. Materials Letters. 2021; 300 ():130087.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTai-Ming Shen; Hui Xu; Ying Miao; Li-Li Ma; Nan-Chun Chen; Qing-Lin Xie. 2021. "Study on the adsorption process of Cd(II) by Mn-diatomite modified adsorbent." Materials Letters 300, no. : 130087.
Arsenic poses severe threats to human and ecosystem health. Various methods for arsenic removal, including the use of different adsorbents, have been employed. Herein, an adsorbent using refined diatomite as the matrix and chitosan as the modifying agent was evaluated. For effective design of adsorption systems, the structural changes during adsorbent modification and the adsorption process were investigated. The adsorbent was analyzed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The feasibility of using chitosan-modified diatomite was explored by utilizing the batch equilibrium technique with varying experimental parameters, including the adsorbent dose, initial concentration of As(V), temperature, pH, and time. Additionally, chitosan-modified diatomite adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were studied. The ability of the adsorbent to remove As(V) from an aqueous solution before and after modification was investigated via a static adsorption experiment. No change was found in the diatomite matrix after modification; however, the adsorption peaks of the functional groups changed. The organic phase peak revealed by XRD disappeared, whereas a nitrogen phase peak appeared. During modification, open chains of chitosan were grafted effectively onto the diatomite surface. Chitosan-modified diatomite can be used to coordinate an adsorption reaction with arsenate through surface –NH2. The optimum conditions for adsorption at an initial As(V) concentration of 2 mg/L were a pH of 5, temperature of 25 °C, reaction time of 60 min, and an adsorbent dose of 3 g/L. Chitosan-modified diatomite can remove As(V) from aqueous solutions significantly better than unmodified diatomite. Graphical Abstract
Lili Ma; Hui Xu; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen; Qingfeng Yu; Cong Li. Mechanism of As(V) adsorption from aqueous solution by chitosan-modified diatomite adsorbent. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2021, 1 -14.
AMA StyleLili Ma, Hui Xu, Qinglin Xie, Nanchun Chen, Qingfeng Yu, Cong Li. Mechanism of As(V) adsorption from aqueous solution by chitosan-modified diatomite adsorbent. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2021; ():1-14.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLili Ma; Hui Xu; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen; Qingfeng Yu; Cong Li. 2021. "Mechanism of As(V) adsorption from aqueous solution by chitosan-modified diatomite adsorbent." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , no. : 1-14.
Oxygen vacancy engineering has been verified as an important approach to achieve the efficient degradation of VOCs in nanomaterials. Herein, a synthetic strategy of Pt-CeO2/MnO2 hetero-catalysts is developed to fine-manipulate the surface oxygen vacancies and catalytic activities through surface CeO2 decoration as a surface O-vacancy donor. Among these Pt-based catalysts, the optimal Pt-0.15Ce-Mn catalyst exhibits the greatest catalytic activity for toluene oxidation (T99=155 °C), which is attributed to more oxygen vacancies, outstanding redox ability and well dispersion of Pt. Combined with experiments and DFT calculations, it has been demonstrated that the special role of introducing CeO2 NPs is to induce the generation of more O-vacancies, new structure defects (Mn3+ and Ce3+ species), and the lower formation energy of oxygen vacancy. Furthermore, the synergistic effect of dual O-vacancies (surface decorated and intrinsic O-vacancies) via an oxygen replenishment-migration pathway is the key to boost the remarkable catalytic activity for deep toluene oxidation. Finally, in situ DRIFTS reveals that partial toluene molecules can be adsorbed directly on surface adsorbed oxygen species replenished by gas-phase oxygen, and these catalysts with richer O-vacancies can effectively reduce the accumulation of by-product (phenolate, C6H5–OH).
Shengpeng Mo; Jun Li; Riquan Liao; Peng Peng; Jingjing Li; Junliang Wu; Mingli Fu; Lei Liao; Taiming Shen; Qinglin Xie; Daiqi Ye. Unraveling the decisive role of surface CeO2 nanoparticles in the Pt-CeO2/MnO2 hetero-catalysts for boosting toluene oxidation: Synergistic effect of surface decorated and intrinsic O-vacancies. Chemical Engineering Journal 2021, 418, 129399 .
AMA StyleShengpeng Mo, Jun Li, Riquan Liao, Peng Peng, Jingjing Li, Junliang Wu, Mingli Fu, Lei Liao, Taiming Shen, Qinglin Xie, Daiqi Ye. Unraveling the decisive role of surface CeO2 nanoparticles in the Pt-CeO2/MnO2 hetero-catalysts for boosting toluene oxidation: Synergistic effect of surface decorated and intrinsic O-vacancies. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2021; 418 ():129399.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengpeng Mo; Jun Li; Riquan Liao; Peng Peng; Jingjing Li; Junliang Wu; Mingli Fu; Lei Liao; Taiming Shen; Qinglin Xie; Daiqi Ye. 2021. "Unraveling the decisive role of surface CeO2 nanoparticles in the Pt-CeO2/MnO2 hetero-catalysts for boosting toluene oxidation: Synergistic effect of surface decorated and intrinsic O-vacancies." Chemical Engineering Journal 418, no. : 129399.
Potassium diformate (KDF) is a good substitute for antibiotics in animal feed. Based on the response surface methodology for optimizing the preparation conditions of microspheres. The optimal formulation was as follows: the concentration of ALG was 2 %, the concentration of CaCl2 was 2 %, and 0.4 mL of surfactant. The objective of the present study was to microencapsulate the KDF antibacterial microspheres by emulsification/external gelation. The structure, morphology and thermal properties of the obtained microspheres were characterized by XRD, SEM, FT-IR and TGA. Additionally, the encapsulation efficiency (EE%), loading capacity (LC%), antibacterial and slow-release properties of the prepared microparticles were evaluated. The results show that the optimized microspheres had spherical in morphology, in size, from 2 μm to 10 μm. Finally, the results of the in vitro antibacterial test showed that, when the concentration of antibacterial microspheres was 96 mg/mL, the antibacterial rates against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus were 89 % and 87 %, respectively, which effectively inhibited the excessive growth of the bacteria. The release kinetics model of the KDF microspheres in vitro revealed that the first-order release mechanism and Hixon-Crowell release mechanism were the primary release mechanisms, and the action time in the intestine could be delayed to 5 h.
Yuyan Li; Zhongxin Yang; Nanchun Chen; Xiuli Wang; Qinglin Xie. Preparation of bacteriostatic microspheres loading potassium diformate using emulsification/external gelation. Materials Today Communications 2021, 27, 102247 .
AMA StyleYuyan Li, Zhongxin Yang, Nanchun Chen, Xiuli Wang, Qinglin Xie. Preparation of bacteriostatic microspheres loading potassium diformate using emulsification/external gelation. Materials Today Communications. 2021; 27 ():102247.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYuyan Li; Zhongxin Yang; Nanchun Chen; Xiuli Wang; Qinglin Xie. 2021. "Preparation of bacteriostatic microspheres loading potassium diformate using emulsification/external gelation." Materials Today Communications 27, no. : 102247.
Carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbons (HCs) generally have competitive adsorption on the active site of noble-metal nano-catalysts, thus developing an effective way to reduce the passivation of competitive reaction with each other is an urgent problem. In this study, we successfully synthesized transition metal-noble metal (Pt-M) alloys via introducing inexpensive metal elements (M = Ni, Co and Cu) into Pt particles and then deposited on alumina support to form Pt-based catalysts. Subsequently, we choose CO and toluene as polluting gases to evaluate the catalytic activities of Pt-M/Al2O3 catalysts. Introducing inexpensive metal elements (M = Ni, Co, and Cu) significantly changed the physicochemical properties and catalytic activities of these Pt-based catalysts. It can be found that the Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited outstanding catalytic activity for CO and toluene oxidation under mixed gas atmosphere, compared with other Pt-based catalysts, which is due to the higher dispersity, more surface adsorption oxygen, and well redox ability. Surprisingly, H2O could promote the catalytic activities for CO/toluene co-oxidation over the Pt-Co/Al2O3 catalyst. Thus, the present synthetic strategy not only opens an avenue towards the synthesis of noble metal-based catalysts, but also provides an excellent tolerance to H2O in the catalytic process.
Peng Peng; Jun Li; Shengpeng Mo; Qi Zhang; Taiming Shen; Qinglin Xie. Bimetallic Pt-Co Nanoparticle Deposited on Alumina for Simultaneous CO and Toluene Oxidation in the Presence of Moisture. Processes 2021, 9, 230 .
AMA StylePeng Peng, Jun Li, Shengpeng Mo, Qi Zhang, Taiming Shen, Qinglin Xie. Bimetallic Pt-Co Nanoparticle Deposited on Alumina for Simultaneous CO and Toluene Oxidation in the Presence of Moisture. Processes. 2021; 9 (2):230.
Chicago/Turabian StylePeng Peng; Jun Li; Shengpeng Mo; Qi Zhang; Taiming Shen; Qinglin Xie. 2021. "Bimetallic Pt-Co Nanoparticle Deposited on Alumina for Simultaneous CO and Toluene Oxidation in the Presence of Moisture." Processes 9, no. 2: 230.
In order to effectively treat wastewater containing heavy metal ions and form comprehensive utilization of resources, we prepared a novel diatom-based Cd(II) ion-imprinted polymer (Dt-IIP) based on surface imprinting technique by using the diatomite as a matrix material and 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) as a functional monomer. Through SEM, XRD, XPS, TGA, FTIR and Elemental analysis to confirm the structural transformation and composition changes of the materials during the preparation process. The optimal pH, kinetics, adsorption isotherms and thermodynamics of ion-imprinted polymer for Cd(II) adsorption process were investigated. The experimental results showed that the optimal pH value of the adsorption process was 6.0 and the theoretical maximum adsorption capacity was 5.5025 mg g−1. The adsorption reaction conformed to the Langmuir isotherm model and kinetic data was more suitable to be explained by pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the thermodynamic adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic. The analysis of XPS and FTIR revealed that the adsorption of Cd(II) ions was achieved mainly through the interaction of Cd(II) ions with thiol groups. Compared with non-imprinted polymer (Dt-NIP), Dt-IIP possessed a higher adsorption capacity and superior selectivity for target ions. In addition, test of regeneration showed that the Dt-IIP was reusable and stable. Graphical abstract
Lili Huang; Lanqing Wang; Liang Gong; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen. Preparation, characterization and adsorption characteristics of diatom-based Cd(II) surface ion-imprinted polymer. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology 2020, 1 -12.
AMA StyleLili Huang, Lanqing Wang, Liang Gong, Qinglin Xie, Nanchun Chen. Preparation, characterization and adsorption characteristics of diatom-based Cd(II) surface ion-imprinted polymer. Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology. 2020; ():1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLili Huang; Lanqing Wang; Liang Gong; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen. 2020. "Preparation, characterization and adsorption characteristics of diatom-based Cd(II) surface ion-imprinted polymer." Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology , no. : 1-12.
The present work displays diatom as an ecofriendly material replace to the conventional costly synthetic matrixes for surface imprinting technology. In this study, novel green Cd (II) ion-imprinted composite adsorption material (SH/DE-IIP) was synthesized by surface ion-imprinting technique for selective removal of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions. Various characterization methods have confirmed the structural transformation on the diatom surface. The changes in surface morphology and structure were characterized by SEM. N2 adsorption-desorption analysis revealed the adsorption material possessed microporous structure. XRD and FTIR spectra have shown the functional monomers were successfully introduced into the surface of diatom by observing changes in characteristic functional groups. XPS spectra have shown the bonding relationship of the material with a coordination S-Cd bond, effectively utilizing the surface-active structure characteristic of diatom, and the three-dimensional cross-linked structures were presented after the cross-linking reaction. Due to the unique pore structure provided by diatoms, the mass transfer of the SH/DE-IIP was enhanced after functional modification, and SH/DE-IIP exhibited significantly improved adsorption efficiency for Cd(II) ions. Combined with XPS quantitative analysis, the calculation formula of grafting percentage for the diatoms and the functional monomers was derived, while a grafting model was constructed to evaluate the removal effect. The calculated grafting percentage indicated that the SH/DE-IIP provided a good compounding effect. The adsorption studies revealed the SH/DE-IIP possessed a good adsorption performance for Cd (II), and the adsorption equilibrium was reached in 30 min. The adsorption behaviors followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherms are described well by Langmuir isotherm adsorption model. The relative selectivity coefficients for Cd(II)/Ni(II), Cd(II)/Zn(II), and Cd(II)/Cu(II) were 1.56, 1.67, and 1.50, respectively. The more results showed that the SH/DE-IIP has the excellent selectivity and the good reusability. The obtained Cd ion-imprinted composite adsorption material exhibited a good directional removal performance for Cd (II) from aqueous solutions. This work not only provides a new material strategy for preparation of ion-imprinted materials, but also provides new insights into the structure of imprinted materials.
Ying Miao; Hang Zhang; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen; Lili Ma. Construction and selective removal of Cd ion based on diatom-based Cd (II) ion-imprinted composite adsorbent. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2020, 598, 124856 .
AMA StyleYing Miao, Hang Zhang, Qinglin Xie, Nanchun Chen, Lili Ma. Construction and selective removal of Cd ion based on diatom-based Cd (II) ion-imprinted composite adsorbent. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2020; 598 ():124856.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYing Miao; Hang Zhang; Qinglin Xie; Nanchun Chen; Lili Ma. 2020. "Construction and selective removal of Cd ion based on diatom-based Cd (II) ion-imprinted composite adsorbent." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 598, no. : 124856.
A novel chitosan (CS)-modified diatomite (Dt) was prepared by a simple mixture in the mass ratio to remove As(V) from aqueous solution in this research. The CS-modified Dt adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The parameters to influence the adsorption of As(V) ion were studied under such conditions as kinetics, adsorption isotherm, and pH effect. The results revealed that adsorption of As(V) was initially rapid and the equilibrium time was reached after 40 min. The optimal value of the pH was 5.0 for better adsorption. The equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm compared to the Freundlich isotherm, and exhibited the highest capacity and removal efficiency of 94.3% under an initial As(V) concentration of 5 mg/L. The kinetic data were well described by the pseudo-second-order model. In addition, 0.1 M NaOH has the best desorption efficiency of As(V) adsorbed on CS-modified Dt, and the removal efficiency of As(V) was still higher than 90% when after six adsorption-desorption cycles. These results showed that the CS-modified Dt could be considered as a potential adsorbent for the removal of As(V) in aqueous solution.
Qintao Yang; Liang Gong; Lili Huang; Qinglin Xie; Yijian Zhong; Nanchun Chen. Adsorption of As(V) from Aqueous Solution on Chitosan-Modified Diatomite. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 429 .
AMA StyleQintao Yang, Liang Gong, Lili Huang, Qinglin Xie, Yijian Zhong, Nanchun Chen. Adsorption of As(V) from Aqueous Solution on Chitosan-Modified Diatomite. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (2):429.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQintao Yang; Liang Gong; Lili Huang; Qinglin Xie; Yijian Zhong; Nanchun Chen. 2020. "Adsorption of As(V) from Aqueous Solution on Chitosan-Modified Diatomite." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2: 429.
Low-grade, clayey diatomite occurs around the world as a large source of diatom material. The clayey diatomite used in this study consists predominantly of cyclotella diatoms. Their skeletons are coated with impurities of mostly clays, making it difficult to detach and separate. In our experiments, we used hydraulic dispersion and ultrasonic cavitation methods under certain solid:liquid ratios and pH conditions to detach and separate the clays from the diatomite to prepare high-grade diatom concentrate. The concentrate subsequently went through calcination (optimized at 580 °C) and ultrasonic cavitation to enhance its contents of silica from 83 to 90% (wt.) and of amorphous silica from 62.73 to 73.74% (wt.), volume average particle diameter from 7.93 to 6.0 μm, D97 from 17.32 to 6.93 μm, and specific surface area from 92.51 to 111.53 m2/g, while effectively reducing contents of Al2O3 and Fe2O3, optimizing diatom pore structures, and obtaining favorable distribution of particle and pore sizes. The experiments provide an effective separation and refinement protocol for manufacturing high-grade diatom concentrate from low-grade clayey diatomite by optimizing its pore structure and other properties. The high-grade diatom concentrate can be used in chemical engineering, environmental, and construction materials such as filters, adsorbents, and catalytic carriers.
Fu Chen; Ying Miao; Lili Ma; Feng Zhan; Wenhui Wang; Nanchun Chen; Qinglin Xie. Optimization of pore structure of a clayey diatomite. Particulate Science and Technology 2019, 38, 522 -528.
AMA StyleFu Chen, Ying Miao, Lili Ma, Feng Zhan, Wenhui Wang, Nanchun Chen, Qinglin Xie. Optimization of pore structure of a clayey diatomite. Particulate Science and Technology. 2019; 38 (5):522-528.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFu Chen; Ying Miao; Lili Ma; Feng Zhan; Wenhui Wang; Nanchun Chen; Qinglin Xie. 2019. "Optimization of pore structure of a clayey diatomite." Particulate Science and Technology 38, no. 5: 522-528.
This study aimed at optimizing horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands (CWs) to improve hydraulic performance and pollutant removal efficiency. A groundwater modeling package (MODFLOW) was used to optimize three design parameters (length-to-width ratio, inlet/outlet-to-length ratio, and substrate size configuration). Using the optimized parameters, three pilot-scale CWs were built to treat actual wastewater. For model validation, we used a tracer test to evaluate hydraulic performance, and investigated the pollutant spatial distributions and removal efficiencies. We conclude that MODFLOW is suitable for designing CWs, accurately predicting that increasing hydraulic conductivity from surface to bottom layers could improve performance. However, the effect of vegetation, which decreased the hydraulic conductivity of the surface layer, should be considered to improve simulation results. Multilayer substrate configuration, with increasing hydraulic conductivity from the surface to bottom layers, significantly increased pollutant removal compared with monolayer configuration. The spatial variation in pollutant transport and degradation through the filling substrate showed that the multilayer configuration was able to increase use of the available space and moderately reduced short-circuiting and dead zones. Thus, multilayer CWs had higher experimental retention times, effective volume fractions and hydraulic efficiencies, and lower short-circuiting compared with monolayer CWs operating under similar conditions.
Shaoyuan Bai; Tao Lv; Yanli Ding; Xuefen Li; Shaohong You; Qinglin Xie; Hans Brix. Multilayer Substrate Configuration Enhances Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Constructed Wetlands. Water 2016, 8, 556 .
AMA StyleShaoyuan Bai, Tao Lv, Yanli Ding, Xuefen Li, Shaohong You, Qinglin Xie, Hans Brix. Multilayer Substrate Configuration Enhances Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Constructed Wetlands. Water. 2016; 8 (12):556.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShaoyuan Bai; Tao Lv; Yanli Ding; Xuefen Li; Shaohong You; Qinglin Xie; Hans Brix. 2016. "Multilayer Substrate Configuration Enhances Removal Efficiency of Pollutants in Constructed Wetlands." Water 8, no. 12: 556.
Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) mainly controls the chemical activity and toxicity of heavy metals in sediment. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the seasonal and vertical variability of AVS in the sediments of Taohua River, Guilin, China. By means of acidification - gas blowing, the AVS content of 11 surface sediment samples, collected respectively in April, August and December 2004, was determined to identify the seasonal effect. Three sediment cores were collected from different depth and analyzed in order to reveal the vertical distribution of AVS. Our results indicate that the AVS mean value is 0.6068μmol/g (dry sediment) in April, 31.3297μmol/g (dry sediment) in August, and 0.5727μmol/g (dry sediment) in December, respectively, showing that the AVS content reaches the highest in Summer, lowest in Winter, and intermediate value in Autumn and Spring. The AVS concentration also varies with depth: it increases with depth at beginning, and then drops down as the depth continuously becomes greater.
Qinglin Xie; Zhenping Li; Yanhong Li; Guoling Huang. Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Acid-Volatile Sulfide in the Sediments of Taohua River, China. 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering 2010, 1 -4.
AMA StyleQinglin Xie, Zhenping Li, Yanhong Li, Guoling Huang. Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Acid-Volatile Sulfide in the Sediments of Taohua River, China. 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. 2010; ():1-4.
Chicago/Turabian StyleQinglin Xie; Zhenping Li; Yanhong Li; Guoling Huang. 2010. "Seasonal and Vertical Variability of Acid-Volatile Sulfide in the Sediments of Taohua River, China." 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering , no. : 1-4.
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel beads cultivated in an upflow anaerobic sludge-blanket reactor treating synthetic corn steep liquor (CSL) wastewater were used to seed a lab-scale anaerobic fluidized-bed (AFB) reactor also treating CSL. Under steady-state conditions in the AFB reactor, a COD removal efficiency in excess of 96% was achieved at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 25 g/l/d with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 10 h. Furthermore, a removal efficiency of 91% was achieved at an OLR of 27.5 g/l/d with an HRT of only 6 h. With a biomass attachment 1.02 g VSS/g PVA-gel beads, the biomass concentration in the AFB reactor was approximately 610 g/l, while for natural granules only 100 g/l is considered possible. Over the study period, the granular PVA gel turned from black to gray while the biomass attached on the outer surface of the beads also changed in composition. In addition, observations of the interior of the gel beads showed that colonization had progressed well into the core, indicating that effective substrate diffusion occurred within the PVA-gel matrix under the good substrate-microorganism contact conditions provided by the AFB reactor.
Wenjie Zhang; Qinglin Xie; Joseph D. Rouse; Sen Qiao; Kenji Furukawa. Treatment of high-strength corn steep liquor using cultivated Polyvinyl alcohol gel beads in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2009, 107, 49 -53.
AMA StyleWenjie Zhang, Qinglin Xie, Joseph D. Rouse, Sen Qiao, Kenji Furukawa. Treatment of high-strength corn steep liquor using cultivated Polyvinyl alcohol gel beads in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2009; 107 (1):49-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenjie Zhang; Qinglin Xie; Joseph D. Rouse; Sen Qiao; Kenji Furukawa. 2009. "Treatment of high-strength corn steep liquor using cultivated Polyvinyl alcohol gel beads in an anaerobic fluidized-bed reactor." Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 107, no. 1: 49-53.