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Reductions in energy consumption, carbon footprint, equipment size, and cost are key objectives for the forthcoming energy-intensive industries roadmaps. In this sense, solutions such as waste heat recovery, which can be replicated into different sectors (e.g., ceramics, concrete, glass, steel, aluminium, pulp, and paper) are highly promoted. In this line, latent heat thermal energy storage (TES) contributes as an innovative technology solution to improve the overall system efficiency by recovering and storing industrial waste heat. To this end, phase-change material (PCM) selection is assisted through a decision-support system (DSS). A simplified tool based on the MATLAB® model, based on correlations among the most relevant system parameters, was developed to prove the feasibility of a cross-sectorial approach. The research work conducted a parametric analysis to assess the techno-economic performance of the PCM-TES solution under different working conditions and sectors. Additionally, a multicriteria assessment was performed comparing the tool outputs from metal alloys and inorganic hydrated PCM salts. Overall, the inorganic PCMs presented higher net economic and energy savings (up to 25,000 €/yr; 480 MWh/yr), while metal alloys involved promising results, shorter cycles, and competitive economic ratios; its commercial development is still limited.
Patricia Royo; Luis Acevedo; Álvaro J. Arnal; Maryori Diaz-Ramírez; Tatiana García-Armingol; Victor J. Ferreira; Germán Ferreira; Ana M. López-Sabirón. Decision Support System of Innovative High-Temperature Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy-Intensive Industry. Energies 2021, 14, 365 .
AMA StylePatricia Royo, Luis Acevedo, Álvaro J. Arnal, Maryori Diaz-Ramírez, Tatiana García-Armingol, Victor J. Ferreira, Germán Ferreira, Ana M. López-Sabirón. Decision Support System of Innovative High-Temperature Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy-Intensive Industry. Energies. 2021; 14 (2):365.
Chicago/Turabian StylePatricia Royo; Luis Acevedo; Álvaro J. Arnal; Maryori Diaz-Ramírez; Tatiana García-Armingol; Victor J. Ferreira; Germán Ferreira; Ana M. López-Sabirón. 2021. "Decision Support System of Innovative High-Temperature Latent Heat Storage for Waste Heat Recovery in the Energy-Intensive Industry." Energies 14, no. 2: 365.
A promising route to attain a reliable impact reduction of supply chain materials is based on considering circular economy approaches, such as material recycling strategies. This work aimed to evaluate potential benefits of recycling scenarios for steel, copper, aluminium and plastic materials to the battery manufacturing stage. Focused on this aim, the life cycle assessment (LCA) and the environmental externalities methodologies were applied to two battery study cases: lithium manganese oxide and vanadium redox flow (VRFB) batteries, based on a cradle-to-gate LCA approach. In general, the results provided an insight into the raw material handling route. Environmental impacts were diminished by more than 20% in almost all the indicators, due to the lower consumption of virgin materials related to the implemented recyclability route. Particularly, VRFB exhibited better recyclability ratio than the Li-ion battery. For the former, the key components were the periphery ones attaining around 70% of impact reduction by recycling steel. Components of the power subsystem were also relevant, reaching around 40% of environmental impact reduction by recycling plastic. The results also foresaw opportunities for membranes, key components of VRFB materials. Based on findings, recycling strategies may improve the total circularity performance and economic viability of the studied systems.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Victor Ferreira; Tatiana García-Armingol; Ana López-Sabirón; Germán Ferreira. Battery Manufacturing Resource Assessment to Minimise Component Production Environmental Impacts. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6840 .
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Victor Ferreira, Tatiana García-Armingol, Ana López-Sabirón, Germán Ferreira. Battery Manufacturing Resource Assessment to Minimise Component Production Environmental Impacts. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (17):6840.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Victor Ferreira; Tatiana García-Armingol; Ana López-Sabirón; Germán Ferreira. 2020. "Battery Manufacturing Resource Assessment to Minimise Component Production Environmental Impacts." Sustainability 12, no. 17: 6840.
Electricity from the combination of photovoltaic panels and wind turbines exhibits potential benefits towards the sustainable cities transition. Nevertheless, the highly fluctuating and intermittent character limits an extended applicability in the energy market. Particularly, batteries represent a challenging approach to overcome the existing constraints and to achieve sustainable urban energy development. On the basis of the market roll-out and level of technological maturity, five commercially available battery technologies are assessed in this work, namely, lead–acid, lithium manganese oxide, nickel–cadmium, nickel–metal hydride, and vanadium redox flow. When considering sustainable development, environmental assessments provide valuable information. In this vein, an environmental analysis of the technologies is conducted using a life cycle assessment methodology from a cradle-to-gate perspective. A comparison of the environmental burden of battery components identified vanadium redox flow battery as the lowest environmental damage battery. In terms of components, electrodes; the electrolyte; and the set of pumps, motors, racks, and bolts exhibited the greatest environmental impact related to manufacturing. In terms of materials, copper, steel, sulphuric acid, and vanadium were identified as the main contributors to the midpoint impact categories. The results have highlighted that challenging materials 4.0 are still needed in battery manufacturing to provide sustainable technology designs required to the future urban planning based on circular economy demands.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Victor José Ferreira; Tatiana García-Armingol; Ana M. López-Sabirón; Germán Ferreira. Environmental Assessment of Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Manufacturing to Identify Drivers for Attaining Goals of Sustainable Materials 4.0. Sustainability 2020, 12, 342 .
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Victor José Ferreira, Tatiana García-Armingol, Ana M. López-Sabirón, Germán Ferreira. Environmental Assessment of Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Manufacturing to Identify Drivers for Attaining Goals of Sustainable Materials 4.0. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (1):342.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Victor José Ferreira; Tatiana García-Armingol; Ana M. López-Sabirón; Germán Ferreira. 2020. "Environmental Assessment of Electrochemical Energy Storage Device Manufacturing to Identify Drivers for Attaining Goals of Sustainable Materials 4.0." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 342.
Agricultural residual biomass presents a high potential for energy use around the world, often not utilized to a large extent due to its significant differences with respect to other biomass types, such as the one of forest origin. These differences are mainly related to the characteristics of its ashes (quantity and composition) which increase certain problematic phenomena during combustion, among them bottom ash sintering and fly ash deposition. The main goal of this paper is the experimental study of these issues for four different agropellets made of residual agricultural biomass (one woody -vineyard pruning- and three blended with an herbaceous component -corn stover and/or barley straw-) and a forest wood pellet (used as a reference), evaluated under different operating conditions in a laboratory fixed bed reactor. The influence of inlet air flow and temperature on the sintering degree and deposition ratio has been analyzed in a systematic way. For the five biofuels, under tested conditions, a clear relation inversely proportional between air excess ratio and deposition ratio has been determined. Deposition was more substantial for the four agropellets; meanwhile the sintering degree was more important for the three with an herbaceous component. The information obtained in this research work is intended to help researchers and technologists to make choices regarding the design and operation of conversion systems adapted for agricultural residual biomass, enhancing its market penetration.
Javier Royo; Paula Canalís; David Quintana; Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Ana Sin; Adeline Rezeau. Experimental study on the ash behaviour in combustion of pelletized residual agricultural biomass. Fuel 2018, 239, 991 -1000.
AMA StyleJavier Royo, Paula Canalís, David Quintana, Maryori Díaz-Ramírez, Ana Sin, Adeline Rezeau. Experimental study on the ash behaviour in combustion of pelletized residual agricultural biomass. Fuel. 2018; 239 ():991-1000.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Royo; Paula Canalís; David Quintana; Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Ana Sin; Adeline Rezeau. 2018. "Experimental study on the ash behaviour in combustion of pelletized residual agricultural biomass." Fuel 239, no. : 991-1000.
Adeline Rezeau; Luis I. Díez; Javier Royo; Maryori Díaz-Ramírez. Efficient diagnosis of grate-fired biomass boilers by a simplified CFD-based approach. Fuel Processing Technology 2018, 171, 318 -329.
AMA StyleAdeline Rezeau, Luis I. Díez, Javier Royo, Maryori Díaz-Ramírez. Efficient diagnosis of grate-fired biomass boilers by a simplified CFD-based approach. Fuel Processing Technology. 2018; 171 ():318-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAdeline Rezeau; Luis I. Díez; Javier Royo; Maryori Díaz-Ramírez. 2018. "Efficient diagnosis of grate-fired biomass boilers by a simplified CFD-based approach." Fuel Processing Technology 171, no. : 318-329.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Flemming Jappe Frandsen; Peter Glarborg; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo. Partitioning of K, Cl, S and P during combustion of poplar and brassica energy crops. Fuel 2014, 134, 209 -219.
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Flemming Jappe Frandsen, Peter Glarborg, Fernando Sebastián, Javier Royo. Partitioning of K, Cl, S and P during combustion of poplar and brassica energy crops. Fuel. 2014; 134 ():209-219.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Flemming Jappe Frandsen; Peter Glarborg; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo. 2014. "Partitioning of K, Cl, S and P during combustion of poplar and brassica energy crops." Fuel 134, no. : 209-219.
NOX emission behavior of three different pelletized energy crops, a herbaceous one, Brassica carinata, a short rotation coppice, Populus sp., and a blend of them, was assessed during fixed grate conversion. Measurements of NOX emissions were done at combustion conditions that yielded both thermal efficiency and CO emissions according to the European norm (EN 303-5:2012), and results compared to limits established by the Austrian deviations. Based on the experimental data, NOX results fulfilled the Austrian restrictions except during combustion of brassica, which exhibited the highest Fuel-N content. The Fuel-NOX was identified as the main formation mechanism. An opposite relation was determined between the specific NOX emissions and the Fuel-N conversion ratio obtained between the N-rich and the N-lean fuels tested here. The influence of the air supply (amount and distribution) on the NOX formation was also noticeable. In general, a higher proportion of air increased the specific NOX emissions and the Fuel-N conversion ratio. Possibilities to control the NOX emissions level by air staging were rather limited, particularly, during combustion of brassica and the blend because of their peculiarities as ash-rich fuels with high slag formation risk. For attaining an appropriate conversion of these fuels, primary air requirements substantially increased. Due to limitations found during the energy crops conversion, efforts to minimize the level of NOX emissions identified here for the troublesome fuels tested should be mainly focused on attaining both a properly designed air supply system and the grate temperature control as well as on conditioning the Fuel-N content, for instance, by blending.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Adeline Rezeau. Influencing factors on NOX emission level during grate conversion of three pelletized energy crops. Applied Energy 2013, 115, 360 -373.
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Fernando Sebastián, Javier Royo, Adeline Rezeau. Influencing factors on NOX emission level during grate conversion of three pelletized energy crops. Applied Energy. 2013; 115 ():360-373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Adeline Rezeau. 2013. "Influencing factors on NOX emission level during grate conversion of three pelletized energy crops." Applied Energy 115, no. : 360-373.
Javier Royo; Fernando Sebastián; Daniel García-Galindo; Maider Gómez; Maryori Díaz. Large-scale analysis of GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction by means of biomass co-firing at country-scale: Application to the Spanish case. Energy 2012, 48, 255 -267.
AMA StyleJavier Royo, Fernando Sebastián, Daniel García-Galindo, Maider Gómez, Maryori Díaz. Large-scale analysis of GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction by means of biomass co-firing at country-scale: Application to the Spanish case. Energy. 2012; 48 (1):255-267.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJavier Royo; Fernando Sebastián; Daniel García-Galindo; Maider Gómez; Maryori Díaz. 2012. "Large-scale analysis of GHG (greenhouse gas) reduction by means of biomass co-firing at country-scale: Application to the Spanish case." Energy 48, no. 1: 255-267.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Adeline Rezeau. Combustion requirements for conversion of ash-rich novel energy crops in a 250 kWth multifuel grate fired system. Energy 2012, 46, 636 -643.
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Fernando Sebastián, Javier Royo, Adeline Rezeau. Combustion requirements for conversion of ash-rich novel energy crops in a 250 kWth multifuel grate fired system. Energy. 2012; 46 (1):636-643.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Adeline Rezeau. 2012. "Combustion requirements for conversion of ash-rich novel energy crops in a 250 kWth multifuel grate fired system." Energy 46, no. 1: 636-643.
New biofuel raw materials for energy pellet production are now being studied as potential energy sources for the heating market. Because of the complexity of the chemical and physical properties of novel fuels, such as some agricultural residues and energy crops, the study of their ash-related aspects is crucial for the sustainable development of this potential energy sector. Ash fractions formed during fixed-bed combustion of different pelletized novel crops; i.e., two Mediterranean crops (one herbaceous, brassica, and one woody species, poplar) and three Chinese cassava stems (cassava species from three different Chinese regions), and three Chinese cassava stems (cassava species from three different Chinese regions), were characterized, and their formation paths assessed in this study. Special emphasis was placed on elucidating the role of major ash-forming elements in the fractionation and transformation behavior, leading to the formation of bottom ash, deposits, and particulate emissions (fine and coarse ash particle fractions) on the basis of experimental data. In the Mediterranean fuels, the predominant ash fraction obtained was bottom ash, mainly characterized by silicates. Phosphates were found to be the main crystalline phases in the Chinese fuels. The slagging tendency was low for all of the fuels, although more significant for the cassava species under the studied conditions. Further, combustion of the studied Chinese energy crops resulted in a considerably finer particle fraction compared to the Mediterranean fuels. Deposits and particulate matter were dominated by K-sulfates as well as K-chloride in all fuels (except poplar), with the occurrence of K-phosphates for cassava pellets. Overall, this study showed fundamental differences in ash transformation behavior during combustion of P-rich fuels (i.e., cassava mixtures) compared to Si-rich fuels (i.e., poplar and brassica mixtures). Of major importance is the experimental verification of the higher thermodynamic stability of phosphates in relation to silicates. Furthermore, in P-rich fuels at high (K + Na)/(Ca + Mg) ratios, a significant degree of alkali metal volatilization occurs, which forms larger amounts of particulate matter, whereas this ratio has no/low effect in Si-rich fuels at high alkali metal ratios.
Maryori Díaz-Ramírez; Christoffer Boman; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Shaojun Xiong; Dan Boström. Ash Characterization and Transformation Behavior of the Fixed-Bed Combustion of Novel Crops: Poplar, Brassica, and Cassava Fuels. Energy & Fuels 2012, 26, 3218 -3229.
AMA StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez, Christoffer Boman, Fernando Sebastián, Javier Royo, Shaojun Xiong, Dan Boström. Ash Characterization and Transformation Behavior of the Fixed-Bed Combustion of Novel Crops: Poplar, Brassica, and Cassava Fuels. Energy & Fuels. 2012; 26 (6):3218-3229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaryori Díaz-Ramírez; Christoffer Boman; Fernando Sebastián; Javier Royo; Shaojun Xiong; Dan Boström. 2012. "Ash Characterization and Transformation Behavior of the Fixed-Bed Combustion of Novel Crops: Poplar, Brassica, and Cassava Fuels." Energy & Fuels 26, no. 6: 3218-3229.