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Ning Wang
School of History, Culture and Tourism; JiangSu Normal University; Xuzhou China

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Research article
Published: 11 June 2020 in International Journal of Osteoarchaeology
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Here we investigate human diet and origins using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios at the site of Xiaoshuangqiao in Henan Province which dates to the middle Shang Dynasty (1435‐1412 cal BC). A total of the 66 specimens (51 humans, 6 cattle, 5 pigs, 3 sheep, 1 dog) were isotopically analyzed for δ 13C and δ 15N values. The population (δ 13C = ‐9.1±1.5‰, n=51) was found to consume a predominately C4 diet (millet), and no difference was observed between the δ 13C (p=0.809) and δ 15N (p=0.876) results of the males and females. The isotopic results were then examined by burial location to determine the presence of the local Shang population or sacrificed Dongyi warriors. Differences in δ 13C were found for individuals buried in the sacrificial pits H66 (‐10.0±1.2‰; n=9) and H63 (‐8.2±0.8‰; n=11) as well as layer ④ (‐8.9±1.5‰; n=24), with the differences statistically significant for pits H66 and H63 (p=0.001). The isotopic and archaeological evidence suggests that the individuals recovered in pit H63 and layer ④ were Shang but that the pit H66 skeletons were Dongyi prisoners of war that were sacrificed. As the site of Xiaoshuangqiao is thought to be the lost Shang capital of Ao “傲” this research offers new information about the diet and inhabitants of this city.

ACS Style

Ning Wang; Siyuan Tao; Suting Li; Yi Si; Hongfei Li; Guoding Song. Isotopic investigation of dietary patterns and locality at the mid-Shang Dynasty (1400 BC) site of Xiaoshuangqiao, China. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Ning Wang, Siyuan Tao, Suting Li, Yi Si, Hongfei Li, Guoding Song. Isotopic investigation of dietary patterns and locality at the mid-Shang Dynasty (1400 BC) site of Xiaoshuangqiao, China. International Journal of Osteoarchaeology. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Wang; Siyuan Tao; Suting Li; Yi Si; Hongfei Li; Guoding Song. 2020. "Isotopic investigation of dietary patterns and locality at the mid-Shang Dynasty (1400 BC) site of Xiaoshuangqiao, China." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 29 April 2020 in Atmosphere
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Here, we present evidence of possible links between diet and social status using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios at the site of Xiaohucun in the Central Plains, China. This pilot study from a rescue excavation yielded humans (n = 12) identified to the late Shang Dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 BC), which was a warm climatic period. The population consumed a predominately C4 diet (millets) and no difference was observed between the δ13C results of individuals (n = 7) buried with (−9.1 ± 2.8‰) and without (n = 5) bronze vessels (−8.2 ± 0.7‰). However, individuals buried with bronze vessels (10.3±1.6‰) were found to have significantly higher δ15N values (one-way ANOVA; p = 0.015) compared to individuals buried without bronze vessels (8.0 ± 0.9‰), providing evidence that possible elite members consumed more animal protein (dog, pig, cow, sheep/goat). Isotopic results were also examined for social status in relation to the number of burial coffins that an individual had: double (n = 6), single (n = 3), or no coffin (n = 3). No difference was found in the δ13C values, but variations were observed in the δ15N values: double coffin (10.2 ± 1.7‰) > single coffin (8.8 ± 1.8‰) > no coffin (8.0 ± 1.3‰), again possibly showing increased animal protein consumption linked to social status. Finally, isotopic results and status were studied by looking at the number of coffins and tomb size. Again, no correlation was observed for the δ13C results, but a strong linear correlation (R2 = 0.85) was observed for the δ15N values of the individuals buried in two coffins vs. tomb size.

ACS Style

Ning Wang; Lianmin Jia; Yi Si; Xin Jia. Isotopic Results Reveal Possible Links between Diet and Social Status in Late Shang Dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 BC) Tombs at Xiaohucun, China. Atmosphere 2020, 11, 451 .

AMA Style

Ning Wang, Lianmin Jia, Yi Si, Xin Jia. Isotopic Results Reveal Possible Links between Diet and Social Status in Late Shang Dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 BC) Tombs at Xiaohucun, China. Atmosphere. 2020; 11 (5):451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ning Wang; Lianmin Jia; Yi Si; Xin Jia. 2020. "Isotopic Results Reveal Possible Links between Diet and Social Status in Late Shang Dynasty (ca. 1250–1046 BC) Tombs at Xiaohucun, China." Atmosphere 11, no. 5: 451.