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Entrepreneurial orientation can be an effective response by sports clubs to manage a recession, such as the COVID-19 crisis. Therefore, its study can be fundamental to understand different ways of managing a recession. This study analyzes the entrepreneurial orientation of Spanish non-profit sports clubs to identify different groups and their profiles. The sample is composed of 145 Spanish non-profit sports clubs. Different validated scales have been used to analyze entrepreneurial orientation, business model adaptation, service quality, and economic and social performance (performance in social impact and performance in social causes). Entrepreneurial orientation is the variable used to differentiate the groups. This is made up of three dimensions: innovation, risk-taking, and proactivity. According to the results obtained, there are three groups of sports clubs according to their entrepreneurial orientation: non-entrepreneurs (n = 11), moderate entrepreneurs (n = 85), and strong entrepreneurs (n = 45). There are substantial differences between the three groups according to the adaptation of the business model, the perceived impact of COVID-19, and the returns analyzed. Strong entrepreneurs have considerably higher levels of business model adaptation, economic performance, social performance, and perceived service quality than non-entrepreneurs. Theoretical and practical implications have been drawn that can bring new information to the sports and organizational sector. For example, the diagnosis of the different profiles according to the level of entrepreneurship can be useful to propose strategies to improve performance. In this way, it can help to evaluate the return on the investment made by sponsors or governments in the organization.
Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; David Parra-Camacho; Juan Núñez-Pomar. Entrepreneurship and Resilience in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Cluster Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 5142 .
AMA StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo, David Parra-Camacho, Juan Núñez-Pomar. Entrepreneurship and Resilience in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Cluster Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (10):5142.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo; David Parra-Camacho; Juan Núñez-Pomar. 2021. "Entrepreneurship and Resilience in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Cluster Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10: 5142.
Despite its importance, entrepreneurship in organizations has not been widely addressed in the sports association sector (sports clubs). In this context, this study analyses the relationships of entrepreneurial orientation and club size with the economic and sporting performances of Spanish non-profit sports clubs. To this end, a total of 300 sports clubs were analyzed through fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis. The results show that risk-taking and innovation are causal conditions for high levels of economic and sporting performance, and large club size is both a core and a causal condition. Practical implications and intervention proposals are addressed, and their derivation considered the results obtained and the existing literature.
P Escamilla-Fajardo; J. M Núñez-Pomar; F Calabuig. Does size matter? Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Spanish sports clubs. Sport in Society 2021, 1 -19.
AMA StyleP Escamilla-Fajardo, J. M Núñez-Pomar, F Calabuig. Does size matter? Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Spanish sports clubs. Sport in Society. 2021; ():1-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP Escamilla-Fajardo; J. M Núñez-Pomar; F Calabuig. 2021. "Does size matter? Entrepreneurial orientation and performance in Spanish sports clubs." Sport in Society , no. : 1-19.
This research aims to determine the effects of brand credibility and brand congruence on future intentions, perceived value, and spectators’ satisfaction among the fans of a first division football team by combining two complementary methodological approaches, lineal models (the PROCESS macro) and fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The effects of brand credibility and brand congruence were tested in a sample of 536 fans of a first division Spanish football club aged from 18 to 70 (70.2% men). The results suggest direct, positive, and significant effects of brand congruence and brand credibility on perceived value and future intentions. In contrast, in predicting spectators' satisfaction, only brand credibility was a significant positive predictor. Brand credibility significantly predicts spectators’ satisfaction. A moderating effect of brand credibility in the effect of perceived value on future intentions was observed, and a moderating effect of brand congruence in the effect of satisfaction on future intentions was observed. Spectators’ satisfaction seems to be a necessary condition of high future intentions while a lack of congruence seems to be a necessary condition of low future intentions. The findings contribute to understanding how brand credibility and brand congruence relate to service evaluations in professional football
Ferran Calabuig; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Josep Crespo-Hervás. The role of the brand in perceived service performance: Moderating effects and configurational approach in professional football. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 2020, 165, 120537 .
AMA StyleFerran Calabuig, Vicente Prado-Gascó, Juan Núñez-Pomar, Josep Crespo-Hervás. The role of the brand in perceived service performance: Moderating effects and configurational approach in professional football. Technological Forecasting and Social Change. 2020; 165 ():120537.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerran Calabuig; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Josep Crespo-Hervás. 2020. "The role of the brand in perceived service performance: Moderating effects and configurational approach in professional football." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 165, no. : 120537.
Sports entrepreneurship has been considered an important part of sports organisations when overcoming crisis situations. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of the crisis derived from COVID-19 on sports entrepreneurship and whether there are differences in the prediction of entrepreneurship on service quality in non-profit sports clubs. To this end, 145 sports clubs were analysed before and after the outbreak of the virus in society. Paired sample-t tests were carried out to determine the differences in variables studied before (Time I) and after (Time II) the COVID-19 outbreak, and correlations and hierarchical linear regressions were used to analyse the relationship between the variables studied in the two different stages. The results obtained show that risk-taking and innovation are significantly higher after the appearance of COVID-19, while proactivity has not undergone significant changes. Finally, the relationship between sports entrepreneurship and service quality is positive and significant in both stages but stronger before the crisis.
Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Ferran Calabuig-Moreno; Ana Gómez-Tafalla. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sports Entrepreneurship. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8493 .
AMA StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo, Juan Núñez-Pomar, Ferran Calabuig-Moreno, Ana Gómez-Tafalla. Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sports Entrepreneurship. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8493.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Ferran Calabuig-Moreno; Ana Gómez-Tafalla. 2020. "Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Sports Entrepreneurship." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8493.
According to the existing literature, there is growing interest in the sports industry by individuals involved in entrepreneurship and innovation. However, no bibliometric analyses on the importance of and interest that these individuals have in the football industry have been conducted. A total of 220 articles and reviews retrieved from Thomson Reuters Web of Science (Core Collection™) between 1997 and 2019 were analysed. These articles were published in 169 different journals by 609 authors from 340 different institutions in 46 countries. The following basic bibliometric analyses and co-occurrence networks were carried out: co-authorship and co-words. As a result, four clusters that summarise the following four different thematic areas were found: (1) football, entrepreneurship and social development, (2) football, innovation and management, (3) football, efficiency and new technology, and (4) football, injuries and innovation in rehabilitation. A thematic analysis of the four clusters found was carried out. Finally, practical implications and future lines of research were presented.
Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar; Vanessa Ratten; Josep Crespo. Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Soccer: Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4499 .
AMA StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo, Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar, Vanessa Ratten, Josep Crespo. Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Soccer: Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (11):4499.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar; Vanessa Ratten; Josep Crespo. 2020. "Entrepreneurship and Innovation in Soccer: Web of Science Bibliometric Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 11: 4499.
The social function of non-profit sports clubs is undeniable, so analyzing the factors that influence their performance is vital. The aim of this study is to understand the influence of entrepreneurial factors (entrepreneurial orientation) and environmental factors (dynamism, hostility and complexity) on social performance using a symmetrical (Hierarchical regression model) and asymmetrical (qualitative comparative analysis) approach. The social performance of this particular type of organization is of great importance in an environment where sustainability from a social point of view is increasingly on the agenda of governments, organizations and society in general. A total of 209 Spanish non-profit sports clubs were analyzed. The use of two complementary methodologies has made it possible to highlight the direct positive influence of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) on performance in terms of social impact performance (SIP) and social causes performance (SCP). Similarly, complexity and dynamism have a direct influence on both types of performance, while high levels of hostility in the environment are related to low levels of social performance in both areas. The analysis of the interaction of environmental factors and sport entrepreneurship on social performance in sports clubs has not been previously addressed. Therefore, this study provides new information to elaborate on practical management implications for directors and managers of non-profit sport clubs.
Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar; Ana María Gómez-Tafalla. Exploring Environmental and Entrepreneurial Antecedents of Social Performance in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Symmetric and Asymmetric Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 4234 .
AMA StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo, Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar, Ana María Gómez-Tafalla. Exploring Environmental and Entrepreneurial Antecedents of Social Performance in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Symmetric and Asymmetric Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (10):4234.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Juan Manuel Núñez-Pomar; Ana María Gómez-Tafalla. 2020. "Exploring Environmental and Entrepreneurial Antecedents of Social Performance in Spanish Sports Clubs: A Symmetric and Asymmetric Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 10: 4234.
The entrepreneurial orientation and social role of sports clubs have recently become topics of great interest to academics and professionals. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in sports clubs and their social performance (SP) and the effect that management variables such as the type of funding (public vs private) and the competition level (national vs regional) may have on this relationship. To compare the results, two complementary methodologies have been used to compare the results: linear models with moderation analysis and models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The study was carried out with a sample of 407 Spanish sports clubs. The instrument used to measure EO was an adaptation of the original Covin and Slevin (1989) approach, while the instrument used to measure SP is a validated scale of our own elaboration presenting good psychometric properties. The results found show a direct effect of the EO dimensions on the SP. In all cases, clubs with major public funding showed higher levels of prediction in SP. On the other hand, as far as QCA is concerned, no necessary condition was found, while the most important condition sufficient to obtain high levels of SP would be high levels of innovation, a high level of risk-taking, and low levels of proactivity in national sports clubs. In general, models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) provide higher predictive values than linear regression models and include variables not considered in linear models.
J. M. Núñez-Pomar; P. Escamilla-Fajardo; V. Prado-Gascó. Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and social performance in Spanish sports clubs. The effect of the type of funding and the level of competition. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 2020, 16, 981 -999.
AMA StyleJ. M. Núñez-Pomar, P. Escamilla-Fajardo, V. Prado-Gascó. Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and social performance in Spanish sports clubs. The effect of the type of funding and the level of competition. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal. 2020; 16 (3):981-999.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJ. M. Núñez-Pomar; P. Escamilla-Fajardo; V. Prado-Gascó. 2020. "Relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and social performance in Spanish sports clubs. The effect of the type of funding and the level of competition." International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal 16, no. 3: 981-999.
El sector del turismo deportivo recibe cada vez una mayor atención por parte de los distintos agentes sociales, teniendo un alto impacto en distintas esferas de la sociedad. El turismo no sólo afecta a las actitudes de los residentes hacia su desarrollo, sino también a su calidad de vida en general. Una vez que una comunidad o población se convierte en un destino turístico, la calidad de vida de los residentes locales se ve afectada por el desarrollo del mismo. Por consiguiente, es relevante conocer cuáles son las percepciones de los residentes respecto al impacto que causa el turismo deportivo. Por ello, el objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las percepciones de los residentes de Gran Canaria hacia los efectos del turismo deportivo, en ámbitos como su impacto, la calidad de vida y el apoyo al sector. Los resultados del estudio indican que, a mayores niveles de percepción positivos de los residentes sobre los impactos sociales, culturales, ambientales y económicos, hay un mayor apoyo hacia el desarrollo del turismo. Por otra parte, también se produce un efecto mediador significativo de la variable calidad de vida de los residentes, entre la relación de impactos percibidos y el apoyo al desarrollo del turismo activo y deportivo en Gran Canaria. Estos resultados posibilitan un mejor entendimiento de la perspectiva que los residentes tienen hacía el sector turístico deportivo, algo que puede ayudar a orientar futuras decisiones sobre la práctica, desarrollo y planificación del turismo deportivo. The sports tourism sector is receiving increasing attention from different social actors, having a high impact on different spheres of society. Tourism not only affects residents' attitudes towards their development, but also their quality of life in general. Once a community or population becomes a tourist destination, the quality of life of local residents is affected by its development. It is therefore important to know what residents' perceptions are of the impact of sports tourism. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the perceptions of the residents of Gran Canaria towards the effects of sports tourism, in areas such as its impact, quality of life and support for the sector. The results of the study indicate that, at higher levels of positive perception by residents of the social, cultural, environmental and economic impacts, there is greater support for the development of tourism. On the other hand, there is also a significant mediating effect of the variable quality of life of the residents, between the relationship of perceived impacts and the support for the development of active and sports tourism in Gran Canaria. These results make it possible to better understand the perspective that residents have towards the sports tourism sector, something that can help guide future decisions on the practice, development and planning of sports tourism. O sector do turismo desportivo está a receber cada vez mais atenção por parte de diferentes actores sociais, tendo um elevado impacto em diferentes esferas da sociedade. O turismo não afecta apenas as atitudes dos residentes em relação ao seu desenvolvimento, mas também a sua qualidade de vida em geral. Uma vez que uma comunidade ou população se torna um destino turístico, a qualidade de vida dos residentes locais é afectada pelo seu desenvolvimento. Por conseguinte, é importante conhecer a percepção que os residentes têm do impacto do turismo desportivo. Portanto, o objectivo deste estudo é analisar as percepções dos residentes da Gran Canária sobre os efeitos do turismo desportivo, em áreas como o seu impacto, qualidade de vida e apoio ao sector. Os resultados do estudo indicam que, em níveis mais elevados de percepção positiva dos residentes sobre os impactos sociais, culturais, ambientais e econômicos, há maior apoio para o desenvolvimento do turismo. Por outro lado, existe também um efeito mediador significativo da variável qualidade de vida dos residentes, entre a relação de impactos percebidos e o apoio ao desenvolvimento do turismo ativo e desportivo na Gran Canária. Estes resultados permitem compreender melhor a perspectiva que os residentes têm em relação ao sector do turismo desportivo, algo que pode ajudar a orientar futuras decisões sobre a prática, desenvolvimento e planeamento do turismo desportivo. Il settore del turismo sportivo sta ricevendo un'attenzione crescente da parte di diversi attori sociali, con un forte impatto sulle diverse sfere della società. Il turismo influenza non solo l'atteggiamento dei residenti nei confronti del loro sviluppo, ma anche la loro qualità di vita in generale. Una volta che una comunità o una popolazione diventa una destinazione turistica, la qualità della vita dei residenti locali è influenzata dal suo sviluppo. È quindi importante sapere quali sono le percezioni dei residenti sull'impatto del turismo sportivo. Pertanto, l'obiettivo di questo studio è quello di analizzare le percezioni degli abitanti di Gran Canaria nei confronti degli effetti del turismo sportivo, in settori quali l'impatto, la qualità della vita e il sostegno al settore. I risultati dello studio indicano che, a livelli più elevati di percezione positiva da parte dei residenti degli impatti sociali, culturali, ambientali ed economici, vi è un maggiore sostegno allo sviluppo del turismo. D'altra parte, c'è anche un significativo effetto mediatore della variabile qualità della vita dei residenti, tra la relazione degli impatti percepiti e il sostegno allo sviluppo del turismo attivo e sportivo...
Rómulo Jacobo González-García; Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Samuel López-Carril; Juan Nuñez-Pomar. Percepciones de los residentes sobre el turismo deportivo: impactos, calidad de vida y apoyo al sector. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 2020, 20, 174 -188.
AMA StyleRómulo Jacobo González-García, Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo, Samuel López-Carril, Juan Nuñez-Pomar. Percepciones de los residentes sobre el turismo deportivo: impactos, calidad de vida y apoyo al sector. Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte. 2020; 20 (2):174-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRómulo Jacobo González-García; Paloma Escamilla-Fajardo; Samuel López-Carril; Juan Nuñez-Pomar. 2020. "Percepciones de los residentes sobre el turismo deportivo: impactos, calidad de vida y apoyo al sector." Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte 20, no. 2: 174-188.
The Organizational Climate (OC) provides valuable information about the work environment perceived by employees, directly influencing job satisfaction, organizational commitment and performance. The main objective of this study was to analyse the influence of socio-demographic variables (age, sex and educational level), and working conditions (employment situation, seniority and sector) on the Organizational Climate in sports organizations by comparing linear relationship models: hierarchical regression model (HRM) and models based on qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The sample was made up of 192 professionals from 77 public and private sports organizations in Spain and scale used was PSCLADE. The results of the regression model suggest that education level and employment situation predict Total Organizational Climate and only educational level predicts Single Item Organizational Climate. The results of QCA models provide greater predictive values. In general terms the most prominent variable in both high and low levels of OC is educational level.
P. Escamilla-Fajardo; J. M. Núñez-Pomar; V. J. Prado-Gascó; V. Ratten. HRM versus QCA: what affects the organizational climate in sports organizations? Sport in Society 2019, 23, 264 -279.
AMA StyleP. Escamilla-Fajardo, J. M. Núñez-Pomar, V. J. Prado-Gascó, V. Ratten. HRM versus QCA: what affects the organizational climate in sports organizations? Sport in Society. 2019; 23 (2):264-279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Escamilla-Fajardo; J. M. Núñez-Pomar; V. J. Prado-Gascó; V. Ratten. 2019. "HRM versus QCA: what affects the organizational climate in sports organizations?" Sport in Society 23, no. 2: 264-279.
In sport context, many contributions are involved in the perception of quality and satisfaction in sport services, but in regards to brand perception, such studies are much less common. Virtually no work is aimed at brand awareness of sports services. In the book chapter the authors expose a case study that analyze the users perception of the image of the service and is related to some performance indicators such as quality of service, satisfaction and future intentions. Data analysis is performed using structural equations and measurement scales adapted to sports facilities. The results of this study show that quality is explained by congruence with a high percentage of variance (76.6%), the latter concept being the aspect with the greatest predictive weight. Furthermore, future intentions are explained by attitudes towards the brand and quality, the latter being the element with greater predictive power.
Mario Alguacil Jiménez; Ferran Calabuig Moreno; Juan M. Núnez-Pomar; Josep Crespo Hervás. Brand Perception and Its Relation to Perceived Performance of a Public Sports Service. Brand Culture and Identity 2019, 891 -910.
AMA StyleMario Alguacil Jiménez, Ferran Calabuig Moreno, Juan M. Núnez-Pomar, Josep Crespo Hervás. Brand Perception and Its Relation to Perceived Performance of a Public Sports Service. Brand Culture and Identity. 2019; ():891-910.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMario Alguacil Jiménez; Ferran Calabuig Moreno; Juan M. Núnez-Pomar; Josep Crespo Hervás. 2019. "Brand Perception and Its Relation to Perceived Performance of a Public Sports Service." Brand Culture and Identity , no. : 891-910.
The aim of this research is to determine the role of passion on future intentions, perceived value, and athletes’ satisfaction in relation to participatory sport events by combining two methodological approaches: linear models and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). A sample of participatory sporting event athletes (n = 302) was analysed. The results suggest that there is a direct effect of harmonic passion (HP) on future intentions (FI), value (PV) and satisfaction (AS) and a direct effect of obsessive passion (OP) on satisfaction. Considering the indirect effects, both interactions were significant for the effect of perceived quality (PQ) and perceived value on satisfaction. In addition, there also seems to be a moderating effect of harmonic passion on the relationship of service quality and perceived value on future intentions. Studying the necessary conditions test, none of the conditions seem to be a necessary condition of future intentions. On the other hand, considering sufficient analysis, three sufficiency condition combinations (AS; PV*SQ; ∼OP*HP*PV) explain 87% of FI. The findings contribute to the prediction of the sport consumer decision-making process and to the understanding of how certain intrinsic variables of customers (passion) relate to service evaluations and can affect consumer assessments of overall perception of the sporting event performance.
Josep Crespo-Hervás; Ferran Calabuig-Moreno; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Vicente Añó-Sanz; Juan Núñez-Pomar. The role of passion in the quality-value-satisfaction-intentions chain: linear models and the QCA approach for athletes. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 2019, 32, 352 -369.
AMA StyleJosep Crespo-Hervás, Ferran Calabuig-Moreno, Vicente Prado-Gascó, Vicente Añó-Sanz, Juan Núñez-Pomar. The role of passion in the quality-value-satisfaction-intentions chain: linear models and the QCA approach for athletes. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja. 2019; 32 (1):352-369.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosep Crespo-Hervás; Ferran Calabuig-Moreno; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Vicente Añó-Sanz; Juan Núñez-Pomar. 2019. "The role of passion in the quality-value-satisfaction-intentions chain: linear models and the QCA approach for athletes." Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja 32, no. 1: 352-369.
The quality of service offered by sports entities has become a good predictor of user satisfaction and also future intentions. To know the future intentions of customers of any service is a key objective to develop service improvement and retention strategies. This need has also become apparent to professional sports clubs. In this study, the relationship between quality, perceived value, emotions, satisfaction and future intentions of spectators are analyzed for a sporting event. Using a sample of 563 spectators and modeling with structural equations, results indicate that perceived value is the best predictor of the satisfaction and future intentions of spectators, while quality and emotions have limited relevance as predictors of spectator satisfaction. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.27.2.12288
Ferran Calabuig Moreno; Josep Crespo Hervas; Juan Nunez Pomar; Irena Valantine; Inga Staskeviciute Butiene. The role of perceived value and emotions in the satisfaction and future intentions of spectators. Engineering Economics 2016, 27, 221 - 229 .
AMA StyleFerran Calabuig Moreno, Josep Crespo Hervas, Juan Nunez Pomar, Irena Valantine, Inga Staskeviciute Butiene. The role of perceived value and emotions in the satisfaction and future intentions of spectators. Engineering Economics. 2016; 27 (2):221 - 229.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerran Calabuig Moreno; Josep Crespo Hervas; Juan Nunez Pomar; Irena Valantine; Inga Staskeviciute Butiene. 2016. "The role of perceived value and emotions in the satisfaction and future intentions of spectators." Engineering Economics 27, no. 2: 221 - 229.
Ferran Calabuig Moreno; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Josep Crespo Hervás; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Vicente Añó Sanz. Spectator emotions: Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions. Journal of Business Research 2015, 68, 1445 -1449.
AMA StyleFerran Calabuig Moreno, Vicente Prado-Gascó, Josep Crespo Hervás, Juan Núñez-Pomar, Vicente Añó Sanz. Spectator emotions: Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions. Journal of Business Research. 2015; 68 (7):1445-1449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFerran Calabuig Moreno; Vicente Prado-Gascó; Josep Crespo Hervás; Juan Núñez-Pomar; Vicente Añó Sanz. 2015. "Spectator emotions: Effects on quality, satisfaction, value, and future intentions." Journal of Business Research 68, no. 7: 1445-1449.