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The unique properties of superelastic shape-memory-alloy (SMA) bars have motivated researchers to investigate their use as reinforcing bars for concrete elements. They were found to decrease seismic residual deformations, while increasing seismic inelastic deformations. This characteristic deformation behaviour requires an assessment of the seismic design parameters of SMA reinforced concrete walls. This paper addresses this requirement by evaluating their ductility and overstrength factors. A total of 972 walls were analyzed under a quasi-static lateral load. Suitable values for the overstrength and ductility factors were estimated for two proposed locations of SMA bars. FEMA P695 was then utilized to evaluate the seismic safety margin for case study buildings, which were designed based on the estimated seismic design parameters.
Emad Abraik; Maged A. Youssef. Ductility and overstrength of shape-memory-alloy reinforced-concrete shear walls. Engineering Structures 2021, 239, 112236 .
AMA StyleEmad Abraik, Maged A. Youssef. Ductility and overstrength of shape-memory-alloy reinforced-concrete shear walls. Engineering Structures. 2021; 239 ():112236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmad Abraik; Maged A. Youssef. 2021. "Ductility and overstrength of shape-memory-alloy reinforced-concrete shear walls." Engineering Structures 239, no. : 112236.
Ordinary non-tempered glass is one of the most widely used materials in the construction industry. Knowing its fire resistance is essential to ensure the safety of emergency personnel as its failure increases the oxygen supply and causes a rapid spread of the fire (flashover phenomenon). Existing approaches for evaluating the structural fire safety of glass façades require expensive experimental tests and/or extensive knowledge of Finite Element modeling. This paper provides a simplified, rational, and reliable approach to assess the structural capacity of ordinary glass panels during fire exposure. A simplified method is developed to predict the temperature difference between the edge and the center of the glass panel. Afterward, a method, based on strain-equilibrium, is developed to predict the corresponding maximum thermal stress. The developed methods are validated by comparisons with experimental work by others.
A. Sabsabi; M.A. Youssef; S.F. El-Fitiany; A. Vedrtnam. Simplified Structural Analysis of Framed Ordinary Non-Tempered Glass Panels during Fire Exposure. Fire Safety Journal 2021, 122, 103357 .
AMA StyleA. Sabsabi, M.A. Youssef, S.F. El-Fitiany, A. Vedrtnam. Simplified Structural Analysis of Framed Ordinary Non-Tempered Glass Panels during Fire Exposure. Fire Safety Journal. 2021; 122 ():103357.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Sabsabi; M.A. Youssef; S.F. El-Fitiany; A. Vedrtnam. 2021. "Simplified Structural Analysis of Framed Ordinary Non-Tempered Glass Panels during Fire Exposure." Fire Safety Journal 122, no. : 103357.
Reinforced Concrete (RC) core walls are widely used to resist lateral loads because of their high flexural and torsional stiffnesses. Their seismic performance parameters, including residual displacement, floor acceleration, and residual in-plane rotation, were examined by many researchers. However, reports from previous earthquakes have highlighted the difficulties of repairs addressing their residual displacements and/or rotations. This paper addresses this problem by investigating the influence of self-centering superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars on the seismic performance parameters of RC core walls. A case study building is analyzed, considering both steel and SMA reinforcement, for unidirectional and bidirectional seismic excitations. Different mass eccentricities are assumed. SMA RC core walls are found to have significantly reduced floor accelerations, residual displacements, and residual in-plane rotations as compared to steel RC core walls.
Emad Abraik; S.F. El-Fitiany; Maged A. Youssef. Seismic performance of concrete core walls reinforced with shape memory alloy bars. Structures 2020, 27, 1479 -1489.
AMA StyleEmad Abraik, S.F. El-Fitiany, Maged A. Youssef. Seismic performance of concrete core walls reinforced with shape memory alloy bars. Structures. 2020; 27 ():1479-1489.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmad Abraik; S.F. El-Fitiany; Maged A. Youssef. 2020. "Seismic performance of concrete core walls reinforced with shape memory alloy bars." Structures 27, no. : 1479-1489.
Stainless steel (SS) is increasingly used in construction due to its high strength and corrosion resistance. However, its coefficient of thermal expansion is different from that of concrete. This difference raises concerns about the potential for concrete cracking during the hydration process. To address this concern, a thermal-structural finite element model was developed to predict the stresses in SS-reinforced concrete (RC) sections during the hydration process. Different curing regimes were taken into consideration. The analysis was performed in two stages. First, a transient thermal analysis was performed to determine the temperature distribution within the concrete section as a function of concrete age and its thermal properties. The evaluated temperature distribution was then utilized to conduct stress analysis. The ability of the model to predict the stresses induced by the expansion of the bars relative to the surrounding concrete was validated using relevant studies by others. The model outcomes provide in-depth understanding of the heat of hydration stresses in the examined SS RC sections. The developed stresses were found to reach their peak during the first two days following concrete casting (i.e., when concrete strength is relatively small).
Mokhtar Khalifa; Maged A. Youssef; Mohamed Monir Ajjan Alhadid. Heat of Hydration Stresses in Stainless-Steel-Reinforced-Concrete Sections. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1 .
AMA StyleMokhtar Khalifa, Maged A. Youssef, Mohamed Monir Ajjan Alhadid. Heat of Hydration Stresses in Stainless-Steel-Reinforced-Concrete Sections. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (12):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMokhtar Khalifa; Maged A. Youssef; Mohamed Monir Ajjan Alhadid. 2020. "Heat of Hydration Stresses in Stainless-Steel-Reinforced-Concrete Sections." Sustainability 12, no. 12: 1.
Abdelmoneim El Naggar; Maged A. Youssef. Shape memory alloy heat activation: State of the art review. AIMS Materials Science 2020, 7, 836 -858.
AMA StyleAbdelmoneim El Naggar, Maged A. Youssef. Shape memory alloy heat activation: State of the art review. AIMS Materials Science. 2020; 7 (6):836-858.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbdelmoneim El Naggar; Maged A. Youssef. 2020. "Shape memory alloy heat activation: State of the art review." AIMS Materials Science 7, no. 6: 836-858.
The extreme variability of natural compartment fires poses a significant challenge in the process of performance-based fire design. To reduce this variability, the severity of a natural fire can be related to that of a standard fire, known as a time equivalent (te). In this paper, the applicability of a time equivalent, previously derived based on the average internal temperature profile (AITP) that develops within reinforced concrete (RC) beams exposed to fire from three sides, is examined for RC columns exposed to fire from four sides. A parametric study is presented to examine the suitability of the existing AITP te in representing the internal temperatures of RC columns. The accuracy of the AITP te in approximating column performance, is judged based on the moment-curvature, axial load-axial strain, and bending moment-axial force relationships during fire exposure. Comparison with existing methods is provided to further demonstrate the superior suitability of the AITP te in representing natural fire severity for RC columns.
R.T. Kuehnen; M.A. Youssef; S. El-Fitiany. Performance-based design of RC columns using an equivalent standard fire. Fire Safety Journal 2019, 111, 102935 .
AMA StyleR.T. Kuehnen, M.A. Youssef, S. El-Fitiany. Performance-based design of RC columns using an equivalent standard fire. Fire Safety Journal. 2019; 111 ():102935.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.T. Kuehnen; M.A. Youssef; S. El-Fitiany. 2019. "Performance-based design of RC columns using an equivalent standard fire." Fire Safety Journal 111, no. : 102935.
With the recent shift towards performance-based fire design, practical methods to account for natural fire loading when designing concrete structures are needed. Available design methods and analysis approaches are based on standard fire curves. To apply these methods, a natural fire event can be converted to a standard fire with a specific duration (time equivalent). However, existing time equivalents often ignore the influence of internal temperature gradients on the section behaviour, which is unacceptable for concrete structures. This paper introduces a time equivalent method suitable for reinforced concrete (RC) beams exposed to natural fire. The method is based on the actual temperature gradient within a concrete section. To simplify analysis of RC beams exposed to fire, an average internal temperature profile (AITP) can be utilized, which records the average temperature variation along the height of a section. Two equations are provided such that a standard fire duration can be determined to accurately or conservatively represent the AITP of a beam section exposed to natural fire. Characteristics of the natural fire, as well as the influence of section dimensions are accounted for. The developed AITP time equivalent method is found to be superior to the existing and accurate in approximating the moment-curvature response for RC beam sections.
R.T. Kuehnen; M.A. Youssef. Equivalent standard fire duration to evaluate internal temperatures in natural fire exposed RC beams. Fire Safety Journal 2019, 108, 102831 .
AMA StyleR.T. Kuehnen, M.A. Youssef. Equivalent standard fire duration to evaluate internal temperatures in natural fire exposed RC beams. Fire Safety Journal. 2019; 108 ():102831.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR.T. Kuehnen; M.A. Youssef. 2019. "Equivalent standard fire duration to evaluate internal temperatures in natural fire exposed RC beams." Fire Safety Journal 108, no. : 102831.
Corrosion is a major factor in the deterioration of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. To mitigate this problem, steel bars can be replaced with glass-fiber-reinforced-polymer (GFRP) bars. However, the lack of ductility of GFRP-RC elements has prevented their use in many structural applications, especially in seismic areas. Superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bars have been proposed to be used in seismic areas because of their self-centering characteristics. Also, they have the added advantage of being corrosion resistant. This paper examines the combined use of SMA and GFRP bars to achieve ductile self-centering and corrosion-free elements. The first challenge for such a proposal relates to designing concrete frames, reinforced with SMA and GFRP bars, that have adequate lateral performance in terms of initial stiffness, ductility, and strength. A comprehensive parametric study is conducted to better understand the structural behavior of concrete elements reinforced with SMA and/or GFRP bars. Results from the study are utilized to develop design equations that allow designing an SMA/GFRP RC section to replace a steel RC section, while maintaining lateral strength, stiffness, and ductility. To examine the adequacy of the developed equations, a six-storey concrete frame is designed, and its lateral performance is examined using pushover analysis.
M.A. Youssef; M.E. Meshaly; A.A. Elansary. Ductile corrosion-free self-centering concrete elements. Engineering Structures 2019, 184, 52 -60.
AMA StyleM.A. Youssef, M.E. Meshaly, A.A. Elansary. Ductile corrosion-free self-centering concrete elements. Engineering Structures. 2019; 184 ():52-60.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Youssef; M.E. Meshaly; A.A. Elansary. 2019. "Ductile corrosion-free self-centering concrete elements." Engineering Structures 184, no. : 52-60.
Trend of using smart structures, which can adjust when exposed to severe unexpected loading, is increasing. One of the methods to achieve such structures relies on smart materials. For example, replacing conventional steel reinforcing bars in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures with superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) bars significantly reduces the residual deformations caused by post-yielding behaviour. This paper provides in-depth understanding of the flexural behaviour of SMA RC beams. A sectional analysis method, which predicts the flexural behaviour of SMA RC beams during both loading and unloading stages, is adopted and validated using available experimental data. An extensive parametric study is then carried out to investigate the effect of different geometrical properties. Recommendations for the optimum amount and length of SMA bars are drawn based on results of this study.
Yamen Ibrahim Elbahy; Maged A. Youssef. Flexural behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete beams during loading and unloading stages. Engineering Structures 2018, 181, 246 -259.
AMA StyleYamen Ibrahim Elbahy, Maged A. Youssef. Flexural behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete beams during loading and unloading stages. Engineering Structures. 2018; 181 ():246-259.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYamen Ibrahim Elbahy; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Flexural behaviour of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete beams during loading and unloading stages." Engineering Structures 181, no. : 246-259.
Purpose Existing analytical methods for the evaluation of fire safety of reinforced concrete (RC) structures require extensive knowledge of heat transfer calculations and the finite element method. This paper aims to propose a rational method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire. Design/methodology/approach The average temperature distribution along the section height is first predicted for a specific fire scenario. The corresponding distribution of the reduced concrete strength is then integrated to develop expressions to calculate the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to fire from four faces. Findings These expressions provide structural engineers with a rational tool to satisfy the objective-based design clauses specified in the National Code of Canada in lieu of the traditional prescriptive methods. Research limitations/implications The research is limited to standard fire curves and needs to be extended to cover natural fire curves. Originality/value This paper is the first to propose an accurate yet simple method to calculate the axial capacity of columns exposed to standard fire curves. The method can be applied using a simple Excel sheet. It can be further developed to apply to natural fire curves.
Salah F. El-Fitiany; Maged A. Youssef. Practical method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire. Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 2018, 9, 266 -286.
AMA StyleSalah F. El-Fitiany, Maged A. Youssef. Practical method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire. Journal of Structural Fire Engineering. 2018; 9 (4):266-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalah F. El-Fitiany; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Practical method to predict the axial capacity of RC columns exposed to standard fire." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 9, no. 4: 266-286.
Pre-1970s designed and built reinforced concrete frame structures are considered unsafe when subjected to seismic loads. Insufficient anchorage of the beam reinforcement in the beam-column joints of these structures is considered a main deficiency. Newly built frame structures are seismically designed for safety, where high inelastic deformations can occur under moderate to strong earthquakes. Minimizing these inelastic deformations makes the structure repairable. One way to minimize these residual deformations is by using smart materials such as superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs). In this paper, the seismic performance of RC frames retrofitted using external superelastic SMA bars is investigated and compared to the behaviour of a regular steel RC frame structure. Nonlinear time history analysis is performed for a six storey RC frame structure located in a high seismic region. After performing the analysis, two retrofitted frames are assumed and analyzed at the load intensities causing failure of the steel RC frame. The performance of the retrofitted frames is compared to the steel RC frame in terms of the damage level, the Maximum Inter-Storey Drift (MID) ratio, Maximum Residual Inter-Storey Drift (MRID), Maximum Roof Drift Ratio (MRDR), Residual Roof Drift Ratio (RRDR), and the earthquake intensity at collapse. Analysis results show improved seismic performance for the two retrofitted frames as compared to the original steel RC frame. This improvement was represented by lower level of damage at the same earthquake intensity; small reduction (10–15%) in the MID and MRDR values; significant reduction (50–70%) in the MRID and RRDR; and increased seismic capacity.
Y. I. Elbahy; M. A. Youssef; M. Meshaly. Seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames retrofitted using external superelastic shape memory alloy bars. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2018, 17, 781 -802.
AMA StyleY. I. Elbahy, M. A. Youssef, M. Meshaly. Seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames retrofitted using external superelastic shape memory alloy bars. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2018; 17 (2):781-802.
Chicago/Turabian StyleY. I. Elbahy; M. A. Youssef; M. Meshaly. 2018. "Seismic performance of reinforced concrete frames retrofitted using external superelastic shape memory alloy bars." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 17, no. 2: 781-802.
Self-centering earthquake resistant systems have attracted the attention of researchers because of their promising potential in controlling seismic residual drifts, and, therefore, reducing the associated repair costs. The use of Ni-Ti superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) constitutes a considerable portion of this research. Cu-Al-Mn superelastic SMA has been recently developed to eliminate the high cost of Ni-Ti SMA, as well as, to have better machining characteristics. This paper explores the use of Cu-Al-Mn SMA bars to relocate the plastic hinge of concrete beams through an experimental–numerical study. The cyclic performance of four beams was examined. The first was reinforced with steel bars and the remaining three were reinforced with combination of SMA and steel bars. The location of the SMA bars was different for each of the examined beams. The beams were loaded such that the moment diagram is zero at midspan and maximum at the ends to simulate the expected seismic moments. Results of the experimental–numerical investigation confirmed the recentering capability of SMA RC beams. Relocating the plastic hinge, by placing Cu-Al-Mn SMA bars away from the beam ends, improved the strength, rigidity, and energy dissipation.
S. Pareek; Y. Suzuki; Yoshikazu Araki; M.A. Youssef; M. Meshaly. Plastic hinge relocation in reinforced concrete beams using Cu-Al-Mn SMA bars. Engineering Structures 2018, 175, 765 -775.
AMA StyleS. Pareek, Y. Suzuki, Yoshikazu Araki, M.A. Youssef, M. Meshaly. Plastic hinge relocation in reinforced concrete beams using Cu-Al-Mn SMA bars. Engineering Structures. 2018; 175 ():765-775.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS. Pareek; Y. Suzuki; Yoshikazu Araki; M.A. Youssef; M. Meshaly. 2018. "Plastic hinge relocation in reinforced concrete beams using Cu-Al-Mn SMA bars." Engineering Structures 175, no. : 765-775.
Mitigation of seismic damage can be achieved through self-centering techniques. One of the potential techniques involves the use of Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy (SE-SMA) bars in Reinforced Concrete (RC) structures. This study explores the use of such bars in the plastic-hinge regions of RC walls. The seismic performance and vulnerability of SE-SMA RC walls of ten- and twenty-story buildings are analytically assessed using fragility curves. The maximum inter-story drift, residual drift, and fragility are evaluated using multi strip analysis. The results clearly demonstrate the superior seismic performance of SE-SMA RC walls as compared to steel RC walls.
Emad Abraik; Maged A. Youssef. Seismic fragility assessment of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete shear walls. Journal of Building Engineering 2018, 19, 142 -153.
AMA StyleEmad Abraik, Maged A. Youssef. Seismic fragility assessment of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete shear walls. Journal of Building Engineering. 2018; 19 ():142-153.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmad Abraik; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Seismic fragility assessment of superelastic shape memory alloy reinforced concrete shear walls." Journal of Building Engineering 19, no. : 142-153.
Analysis of continuous jacketed Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams requires accounting for the nonlinear behavior of the interface and the materials as well as redistribution of moments. This kind of analysis is complex and require an advanced level of knowledge and experience to perform. Engineers need simplified yet robust tools to practically predict the actual behavior of jacketed RC beams. In the current practice, slip is neglected in the analysis and monolithic behavior is assumed for the jacketed section, which result in higher estimates of stiffness and/or capacity. This paper provides a simplified method to analyze continuous jacketed RC beams taking into account the interfacial slip distribution and the actual nonlinear behavior of both concrete and steel. An iterative calculation algorithm is developed to determine the moment–curvature curves of a jacketed beam at different sections. The developed method allows the evaluation of interfacial slip and shear stress distributions in ductile reinforced concrete beams. The developed method is utilized to conduct an extensive parametric study, which resulted into modification factors that can be used to calculate the capacity and deformations of a strengthened beam considering the interfacial slip.
M. Monir A. Alhadid; Maged A. Youssef. Assessment of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with concrete jackets. Engineering Structures 2018, 167, 108 -120.
AMA StyleM. Monir A. Alhadid, Maged A. Youssef. Assessment of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with concrete jackets. Engineering Structures. 2018; 167 ():108-120.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Monir A. Alhadid; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Assessment of the flexural behavior of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with concrete jackets." Engineering Structures 167, no. : 108-120.
The demand for modular steel buildings (MSBs) has increased because of the improved quality, fast on-site installation, and lower cost of construction. Steel braced frames are usually utilized to form the lateral load resisting system of MSBs. During earthquakes, the seismic energy is dissipated through yielding of the components of the braced frames, which results in residual drifts. Excessive residual drifts complicate the repair of damaged structures or render them irreparable. Researchers have investigated the use of superelastic shape memory alloys (SMAs) in steel structures to reduce the seismic residual deformations. This study explores the potential of using SMA braces to improve the seismic performance of typical modular steel braced frames. The study utilizes incremental dynamic analysis to judge on the benefits of using such a system. It is observed that utilizing superelastic SMA braces at strategic locations can significantly reduce the inter-storey residual drifts.
Papia Sultana; Maged A. Youssef. Seismic performance of modular steel frames equipped with shape memory alloy braces. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2018, 16, 5503 -5527.
AMA StylePapia Sultana, Maged A. Youssef. Seismic performance of modular steel frames equipped with shape memory alloy braces. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2018; 16 (11):5503-5527.
Chicago/Turabian StylePapia Sultana; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Seismic performance of modular steel frames equipped with shape memory alloy braces." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 16, no. 11: 5503-5527.
In modular construction, individual modules are constructed at a controlled industrial environment before being transported to site. They are then connected horizontally and vertically to form a structure. The vertical connections can be achieved by welding or bolting the columns of stacked modules. This study investigates the seismic performance of modular steel-braced frames (MSBFs) connected vertically using superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) bolts. The study also identifies the required locations of SMA connections, in a typical MSBF, to optimize its seismic performance in terms of maximum inter-story drift (MID), maximum residual inter-story residual drift (MRID), and damage scheme.
Papia Sultana; Maged A. Youssef. Seismic Performance of Modular Steel-Braced Frames Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Bolts in the Vertical Module Connections. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2018, 24, 628 -652.
AMA StylePapia Sultana, Maged A. Youssef. Seismic Performance of Modular Steel-Braced Frames Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Bolts in the Vertical Module Connections. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2018; 24 (4):628-652.
Chicago/Turabian StylePapia Sultana; Maged A. Youssef. 2018. "Seismic Performance of Modular Steel-Braced Frames Utilizing Superelastic Shape Memory Alloy Bolts in the Vertical Module Connections." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 24, no. 4: 628-652.
Maged A. Youssef; Mohamed E. Meshaly; Ahmed A. Elansary. Ductile corrosion-free GFRP-stainless steel reinforced concrete elements. Composite Structures 2017, 182, 124 -131.
AMA StyleMaged A. Youssef, Mohamed E. Meshaly, Ahmed A. Elansary. Ductile corrosion-free GFRP-stainless steel reinforced concrete elements. Composite Structures. 2017; 182 ():124-131.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaged A. Youssef; Mohamed E. Meshaly; Ahmed A. Elansary. 2017. "Ductile corrosion-free GFRP-stainless steel reinforced concrete elements." Composite Structures 182, no. : 124-131.
M.A. Elfeki; Maged Youssef. Shape memory alloy reinforced concrete frames vulnerable to strong vertical excitations. Journal of Building Engineering 2017, 13, 272 -290.
AMA StyleM.A. Elfeki, Maged Youssef. Shape memory alloy reinforced concrete frames vulnerable to strong vertical excitations. Journal of Building Engineering. 2017; 13 ():272-290.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM.A. Elfeki; Maged Youssef. 2017. "Shape memory alloy reinforced concrete frames vulnerable to strong vertical excitations." Journal of Building Engineering 13, no. : 272-290.
S.F. El-Fitiany; M.A. Youssef. Fire performance of reinforced concrete frames using sectional analysis. Engineering Structures 2017, 142, 165 -181.
AMA StyleS.F. El-Fitiany, M.A. Youssef. Fire performance of reinforced concrete frames using sectional analysis. Engineering Structures. 2017; 142 ():165-181.
Chicago/Turabian StyleS.F. El-Fitiany; M.A. Youssef. 2017. "Fire performance of reinforced concrete frames using sectional analysis." Engineering Structures 142, no. : 165-181.
M. Monir A. Alhadid; Maged Youssef. Analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using concrete jackets. Engineering Structures 2017, 132, 172 -187.
AMA StyleM. Monir A. Alhadid, Maged Youssef. Analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using concrete jackets. Engineering Structures. 2017; 132 ():172-187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Monir A. Alhadid; Maged Youssef. 2017. "Analysis of reinforced concrete beams strengthened using concrete jackets." Engineering Structures 132, no. : 172-187.