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Prof. Dr. Andrzej Lewinski
1. Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

Basic Info

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Graves’ orbitopathy
0 Growth processes of the thyroid gland
0 Preoperative diagnostics of thyroid cancer (fine-needle aspiration biopsy)
0 Genetics of differentiated thyroid cancers
0 Molecular background of subacute thyroiditis

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Review
Published: 23 August 2021 in International Journal of Molecular Sciences
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In this review we described the interactions between ghrelin and the growth hormone (GH)-insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis in children and adults with growth hormone deficiency (GHD). A possible involvement of these interactions in the pathogenesis of unexplained cases of GHD was suggested. Current research provides more and more details to the knowledge on the circadian rhythm of ghrelin. We gathered reports on the decreasing effect of Helicobacter pylori-related chronic gastritis on the number of ghrelin immunopositive cells and the consequent decrease in ghrelin serum concentration. The gastrointestinal tract microflora modification of the ghrelin action, by the mechanism of molecular mimicry, was also stressed. Moreover, the mutual relationships between ghrelin and the TSH-FT4/FT3 axis in growth and metabolic processes are described. It is to be recalled that FT4 and FT3 exert a permissive impact on IGF-1 action and, in turn, GH, in reaction mediated by IGF-1, enhances the monodeiodination of FT4 to FT3. Finally, we discussed the latest attempts to use the GH secretagogue receptor (GHS-R) analogues for possible diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.

ACS Style

Andrzej Lewiński; Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała; Magdalena Stasiak; Renata Stawerska. Contribution of Ghrelin to the Pathogenesis of Growth Hormone Deficiency. International Journal of Molecular Sciences 2021, 22, 9066 .

AMA Style

Andrzej Lewiński, Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska, Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała, Magdalena Stasiak, Renata Stawerska. Contribution of Ghrelin to the Pathogenesis of Growth Hormone Deficiency. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021; 22 (16):9066.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Andrzej Lewiński; Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewińska; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała; Magdalena Stasiak; Renata Stawerska. 2021. "Contribution of Ghrelin to the Pathogenesis of Growth Hormone Deficiency." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 16: 9066.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2021 in International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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The aim of this study was to assess the course of the healing process following the use of dibutyrylchitin (DBC) dressing, a fully degradable material used in the treatment of ulcers which occur during chronic venous insufficiency common in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. These diseases have a significant impact on the patients' standard of living, including the potential employment, and on the declining attendance at the current workplace. The implementation of this innovative therapeutic solution may positively affect the above-mentioned difficulties. An analysis of the healing process, following the application of the DBC dressing, was performed. Once the dressing was positioned on the wound, the analysis indicated that it underwent a process of degradation facilitated by the enzymes occurring naturally in the wound. When fully degraded, a further layer was applied. This process was repeated until the wound was fully healed. The study group consisted of 4 patients previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. During the observation period, the ulcers in all 4 cases had healed. The examined wound dressings adhered well to the wound surface and degraded within it. No side effects or adverse effects of the applied innovative therapy were observed. An addition of the biodegradable DBC dressing to the standard therapy procedure of ulcers occurring during chronic venous insufficiency among patients with type 2 diabetes indicate safe and effective treatment, which may have a direct reflection in the patient's professional capacity enhancement. It resulted in the complete healing of all ulcers in each of the observed cases.

ACS Style

Ewa Bieniek; Karolina Skołucka-Szary; Jan Brzeziński; Sylwester Piaskowski; Andrzej Lewiński. Innovative biodegradable dibutyrylchitin dressing for the treatment of ulcers occurring during chronic venous insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 2021, 34, 565 -573.

AMA Style

Ewa Bieniek, Karolina Skołucka-Szary, Jan Brzeziński, Sylwester Piaskowski, Andrzej Lewiński. Innovative biodegradable dibutyrylchitin dressing for the treatment of ulcers occurring during chronic venous insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health. 2021; 34 (4):565-573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ewa Bieniek; Karolina Skołucka-Szary; Jan Brzeziński; Sylwester Piaskowski; Andrzej Lewiński. 2021. "Innovative biodegradable dibutyrylchitin dressing for the treatment of ulcers occurring during chronic venous insufficiency in patients with type 2 diabetes." International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health 34, no. 4: 565-573.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: There is no consensus regarding vitamin sufficiency status with either 20 ng/mL or 30 ng/mL sufficiency cut-off. We assessed the effects of summer sunshine exposure on vitamin D status. Participants: We measured vitamin D concentrations, PTH, creatinine, and total calcium in 132 healthy subjects, age 29.36 ± 13.57 years, in spring and autumn. Results: There was an overall increase in vitamin D concentrations from spring to autumn from 18.1 ± 7.39 ng/mL to 24.58 ± 7.72 ng/mL, (p< 0.001), accompanied by a decrease in PTH from 44.4 ± 17.76 pg/mL to 36.6 ± 14.84 pg/mL, (p< 0.001). In spring, only 5.3% of individuals were vitamin D sufficient for a 30 ng/mL cut-off, increasing to 23.2% in autumn (p< 0.001). In contrast, when a 20 ng/mL cut-off was employed, vitamin D sufficiency was found in 34.1% in spring and 66.4% individuals in autumn, respectively, (p< 0.001). In multiple regression analysis, holiday leave was the only significant determinant of vitamin D increase (p< 0.001). Conclusions: Holiday leave is the strongest determinant of an increase in vitamin D. The majority of healthy individuals fail to reach a 30 ng/mL vitamin D cut-off after summer sunshine exposure. This raises the question, whether such a cut-off is indeed suitable for the Polish population.

ACS Style

Magdalena Basińska-Lewandowska; Andrzej Lewiński; Wojciech Horzelski; Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak. Effect of Summer Sunshine Exposure on Vitamin D Status in Young and Middle Age Poles: Is 30 ng/mL Vitamin D Cut-Off Really Suitable for the Polish Population? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 8116 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Basińska-Lewandowska, Andrzej Lewiński, Wojciech Horzelski, Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak. Effect of Summer Sunshine Exposure on Vitamin D Status in Young and Middle Age Poles: Is 30 ng/mL Vitamin D Cut-Off Really Suitable for the Polish Population? International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (15):8116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Basińska-Lewandowska; Andrzej Lewiński; Wojciech Horzelski; Elżbieta Skowrońska-Jóźwiak. 2021. "Effect of Summer Sunshine Exposure on Vitamin D Status in Young and Middle Age Poles: Is 30 ng/mL Vitamin D Cut-Off Really Suitable for the Polish Population?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 15: 8116.

Review
Published: 26 May 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Thyroid carcinomas, despite the usually indolent behaviour and relatively good overall prognosis, show a high tendency to gain invasive phenotype and metastasise in some cases. However, due to a relatively slow progression, the exact mechanisms governing the metastatic process of thyroid carcinomas, including the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), are poorly described. One of the best-known regulators of cancer invasiveness is Snail-1—a zinc-finger transcription factor that plays a key role as an EMT inducer. More and more attention is being paid to the role of Snail with regard to thyroid cancer development. Apart from the obvious implications in the EMT process, Snail-1 plays an important role in the regulation of chemoresistance of the thyroid cells and cancer stem cell (CSC) formation, and it also interacts with miRNA specific to the thyroid gland. The aim of this review was to summarise the knowledge on Snail-1, especially in the context of thyroid oncogenesis.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Andrzej Lewinski. The Role of Snail-1 in Thyroid Cancer—What We Know So Far. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 2324 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala, Andrzej Lewinski. The Role of Snail-1 in Thyroid Cancer—What We Know So Far. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (11):2324.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Andrzej Lewinski. 2021. "The Role of Snail-1 in Thyroid Cancer—What We Know So Far." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 11: 2324.

Review
Published: 05 May 2021 in Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
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Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease, whose pathogenesis and determinants of the clinical course were unclear for many decades. The last few years have brought many clinically significant new data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of SAT. Several human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles were demonstrated not only to increase the risk of SAT, but also to correlate with SAT clinical course and determine the risk of recurrence. The world-wide epidemic of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) has provided new observations that the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be a potent SAT-triggering factor, and that the clinical course of SAT in patients affected by COVID-19 is different from a typical one. Additionally, many new trends in the clinical course are emerging. In the last years, painless course of SAT is more and more often described, constituting a special challenge in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19. Despite an excellent availability of diagnostic methods, several difficulties in SAT differential diagnosis can be currently encountered and the proper diagnosis and treatment is frequently delayed. False positive diagnoses of SAT in patients with malignancies of poor prognosis constitute a life-threatening problem. Taking into account all the new aspects of SAT pathogenesis and of its clinical course, the new – modified – SAT diagnosis criteria have been proposed.

ACS Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 2021, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Magdalena Stasiak, Andrzej Lewiński. New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2021; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. 2021. "New aspects in the pathogenesis and management of subacute thyroiditis." Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 13 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: Diagnostics of thyroid disorders (TD) are frequently based on the measurements of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration only. If TSH is outside the reference range, the diagnostic procedure used in patients with TD isintroduced. Observations indicate that in a considerable number of these patients, TD is not confirmed. The aim of the study was to assess the incidence of transient hyperthyrotropinemia in healthy children during acute infections of the respiratory system. Patients and Methods: The study included consecutive children (49 boys and 45 girls), aged 2.2–17.3 years, who visited one General Practitioner (GP) due to respiratory tract infections. The tests: complete blood count (CBC), C-reactive protein (CRP), TSH and FT4 were run on the next day after the visit at the physician’s (initial visit) and ≥2 weeks after recovery. Results: Among these children, elevated TSH values were found in about 10% of patients, and they went back to normal values after recovery. A prospective analysis showed a reduction of TSH values in approx. 65% of all groups and TSH at the follow-up visit was significantly lower. Conclusions: Transient hyperthyrotropinemia was observed in about 10% of children with acute respiratory tract infection. This preliminary finding remains unexplained.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński; Renata Stawerska. Transient Hyperthyrotropinemia in Outpatient Children with Acute Infections of the Respiratory System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4115 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Magdalena Stasiak, Andrzej Lewiński, Renata Stawerska. Transient Hyperthyrotropinemia in Outpatient Children with Acute Infections of the Respiratory System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (8):4115.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński; Renata Stawerska. 2021. "Transient Hyperthyrotropinemia in Outpatient Children with Acute Infections of the Respiratory System." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8: 4115.

Review paper
Published: 18 March 2021
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Sudden cessation of ovary activity as a result of bilateral oophorectomy or chemo- or radiotherapy in premenopausal women is linked with more serious consequences that bear no comparison to natural menopause – to name just a few: higher rate of mortality, higher rate of colorectal and lung cancer, circulatory system diseases, cognitive disorders, Parkinson’s disease, psychological disorders, osteoporosis, and sexual disorders. The prolonged period of estrogens deficit in premenopausal age is connected with worsened quality of life.

ACS Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewinski. Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy. 2021, 20, 34 -39.

AMA Style

Maria Brzozowska, Andrzej Lewinski. Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy. . 2021; 20 (1):34-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewinski. 2021. "Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy." 20, no. 1: 34-39.

Research article
Published: 26 January 2021 in Mediators of Inflammation
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the distribution of blood dendritic cells (DCs) in patients with Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) and to assess the influence of methylprednisolone therapy on subsets of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Peripheral blood DC subsets were analyzed by flow cytometry in patients with active GO ( n = 17 ), inactive GO ( n = 8 ), and Graves’ disease (GD) without GO ( n = 8 ) and controls ( n = 15 ); additionally, in patients with active GO ( n = 17 ), analyses were done at three time points, i.e., before methylprednisolone treatment and after 6 weeks and after 12 weeks of the treatment. Percentage of myeloid DCs (mDCs) in PBMC fraction was significantly lower in patients with both active and inactive GO, compared to patients with GD without GO and controls ( p < 0.05 ). In addition, mDCs were also documented to be an independent factor negatively associated with GO, however without essential differences between active and inactive phases. On the other hand, we did not observe any changes in the percentage of DCs after methylprednisolone therapy ( p > 0.05 ). In the present study, we have succeeded to firstly demonstrate—according to our knowledge—that blood mDCs are negatively related to GO incidence.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Borys Stefanski; Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Jan Stepniak; Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska; Andrzej Lewinski. Percentage of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Venous Blood Is Negatively Related to Incidence of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Mediators of Inflammation 2021, 2021, 1 -8.

AMA Style

Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska, Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala, Borys Stefanski, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Jan Stepniak, Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska, Andrzej Lewinski. Percentage of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Venous Blood Is Negatively Related to Incidence of Graves’ Orbitopathy. Mediators of Inflammation. 2021; 2021 ():1-8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Wojciechowska-Durczynska; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Borys Stefanski; Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Jan Stepniak; Małgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska; Andrzej Lewinski. 2021. "Percentage of Myeloid Dendritic Cells in Peripheral Venous Blood Is Negatively Related to Incidence of Graves’ Orbitopathy." Mediators of Inflammation 2021, no. : 1-8.

Journal article
Published: 09 January 2021 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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Shear wave elastography (SWE) has been demonstrated to be a useful tool in the differential diagnosis of ectopic thymus tissues (ETs), providing quantitative values of the shear wave stiffness (SWS) of both ETs and adjacent thyroid tissue. However, no data are available on the potential influence of the imaging plane (transverse vs. longitudinal) on the obtained SWS and shear wave ratio (SWR) values in SWE of these tissues. Moreover, no reports on the interobserver repeatability of SWE were published in regard to ETs. The aim of this study has been to evaluate the potential influence of the examination plane—transverse vs. longitudinal—on the SWS and SWR results, as well as to determine whether SWE of ETs is subjected to interobserver variability. SWE was demonstrated to have high inter- and intraobserver agreement in the evaluation of ETs and adjacent thyroid tissue. Significant differences between SWS values, but not SWR values, obtained in the transverse and longitudinal planes were observed. This phenomenon is probably a result of anisotropy-related artifacts and does not reduce the reliability of the method. SWE operators should be aware of the presence of plane-dependent artifacts to properly interpret the obtained results.

ACS Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski; Magdalena Stasiak; Bartłomiej Stasiak; Magdalena Adamczewska; Andrzej Lewiński. Interobserver Agreement and Plane-Dependent Intraobserver Variability of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Thymus Tissue. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021, 10, 214 .

AMA Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski, Magdalena Stasiak, Bartłomiej Stasiak, Magdalena Adamczewska, Andrzej Lewiński. Interobserver Agreement and Plane-Dependent Intraobserver Variability of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Thymus Tissue. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021; 10 (2):214.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski; Magdalena Stasiak; Bartłomiej Stasiak; Magdalena Adamczewska; Andrzej Lewiński. 2021. "Interobserver Agreement and Plane-Dependent Intraobserver Variability of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Ectopic Thymus Tissue." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 2: 214.

Special issue paper
Published: 07 January 2021
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Androgens play an important role in women’s health. They are responsible for the sexual well-being and for maintaining proper structure and function of genitourinary woman’s tract. In menopausal period a relative increase in androgens level is observed as a result of dramatic demise of estrogens and increase of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG). However, the response of target tissue depends on its ability to control androgens availability. In menopausal women the symptoms of both hyperandrogenemia and of androgens deficiency may be observed. Hyperandrogenemia may result in discrete symptoms, such as slight terminal facial hair grow, or worsening of scalp hair loss. Those symptoms should not be belittled in any of the cases, especially when their severity increases one should seek possible causes of postmenopausal hyperandrogenemia.

ACS Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewiński. Changes of androgens levels in menopausal women. 2021, 19, 151 -154.

AMA Style

Maria Brzozowska, Andrzej Lewiński. Changes of androgens levels in menopausal women. . 2021; 19 (4):151-154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewiński. 2021. "Changes of androgens levels in menopausal women." 19, no. 4: 151-154.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Menopausal Review
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ACS Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewiński. Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy. Menopausal Review 2021, 20, 34 -39.

AMA Style

Maria Brzozowska, Andrzej Lewiński. Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy. Menopausal Review. 2021; 20 (1):34-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Brzozowska; Andrzej Lewiński. 2021. "Hormonal replacement therapy in women with a history of internal genital organ malignancy." Menopausal Review 20, no. 1: 34-39.

Journal article
Published: 30 December 2020 in Endokrynologia Polska
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The article presents the assumptions of a new specialist thyroid package (PS1) in outpatient specialist care in the field of endocrinology, which was introduced by the National Health Fund (NFZ - Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia) from January 2020. It became an impulse to characterize the current problems affecting specialist care in the field of endocrinology, search for their potential causes and propose strategies that are intended to contribute to increasing the efficiency of the system.

ACS Style

Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Jan Dąbrowski; Andrzej Lewiński. Specialist thyroid package 1 (PS1) in outpatient endocrine care [Pakiet specjalistyczny dotyczący tarczycy (PS1) w ambulatoryjnej opiece endokrynologicznej]. Endokrynologia Polska 2020, 71, 485 -496.

AMA Style

Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Jan Dąbrowski, Andrzej Lewiński. Specialist thyroid package 1 (PS1) in outpatient endocrine care [Pakiet specjalistyczny dotyczący tarczycy (PS1) w ambulatoryjnej opiece endokrynologicznej]. Endokrynologia Polska. 2020; 71 (6):485-496.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Jan Dąbrowski; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Specialist thyroid package 1 (PS1) in outpatient endocrine care [Pakiet specjalistyczny dotyczący tarczycy (PS1) w ambulatoryjnej opiece endokrynologicznej]." Endokrynologia Polska 71, no. 6: 485-496.

Journal article
Published: 25 November 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The ultrasound (US) pattern of intrathyroidal ectopic thymus (IET) can resemble papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) while the extrathyroidal ectopic thymus (EET) can mimic pathological lymph nodes. Recently, the usefulness of strain elastography (SE) was demonstrated in the differential diagnosis, however this method has several limitations. The aim of the current study was to assess the usefulness of shear wave elastography (SWE) in this field. The US, SE, and SWE were performed in 31 children with 53 ectopic thymuses (ETs) and quantitative values of SWE parameters were calculated, so as to generate potential normative values of ET elasticity and of the shear wave ratio (SWR). The mean SWRIET was 0.89 ± 0.21 and the mean shear wave stiffness (SWS) was 7.47 ± 1.93 kPa. The mean SWREET was 0.84 ± 0.15 and the mean SWSEET was 11.28 ± 2.58 kPa. The results have proven that the stiffness of ETs is lower or equal to the thyroid’s. SWE was demonstrated to be a useful diagnostic method for ET evaluation. Therefore, the application of SWE in ET diagnosis allows more accurate evaluation of ET-like lesions and, in many cases, allows one to avoid invasive procedures, simultaneously providing a precise monitoring method based on combined US and SWE evaluation.

ACS Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Renata Stawerska; Bartłomiej Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. Application of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Extra- and Intra-Thyroidal Ectopic Thymic Tissue. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 3816 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Stasiak, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Renata Stawerska, Bartłomiej Stasiak, Andrzej Lewiński. Application of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Extra- and Intra-Thyroidal Ectopic Thymic Tissue. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (12):3816.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Renata Stawerska; Bartłomiej Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Application of Shear Wave Sonoelastography in the Differential Diagnosis of Extra- and Intra-Thyroidal Ectopic Thymic Tissue." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12: 3816.

Original research article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Frontiers in Endocrinology
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Multiple cellular and humoral components of the immune system play a significant role in the physiology and pathophysiology of various organs including the thyroid. On the other hand, both thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) have been shown to exert immunoregulatory activities, which are difficult to assess independently in vivo. In our study we employed a unique clinical model for the assessment of TSH biological function in humans. The structure of peripheral blood mononuclear cell populations was investigated, using flow cytometry, in athyroid patients (n = 109) after treatment because of the differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) at two time-points: directly before and five days after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) administration. The analysis revealed significant increase in the percentage of natural killer T cells and B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of rhTSH treated patients, whereas, we did not observe any effects on investigated subpopulations of dendritic cells and monocytes, T cells and natural killer cells. The findings of the study indicate the immune regulatory role of TSH, directed specifically on selected cell subtypes.

ACS Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski; Mariusz Stasiołek; Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Przemysław W. Śliwka; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała; Andrzej Lewiński. Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Increases the Percentages of Natural Killer T Cells and B Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood In Vivo. Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020, 11, 1 .

AMA Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski, Mariusz Stasiołek, Arkadiusz Zygmunt, Przemysław W. Śliwka, Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała, Andrzej Lewiński. Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Increases the Percentages of Natural Killer T Cells and B Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood In Vivo. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2020; 11 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zbigniew Adamczewski; Mariusz Stasiołek; Arkadiusz Zygmunt; Przemysław W. Śliwka; Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukała; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Recombinant Human Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Increases the Percentages of Natural Killer T Cells and B Lymphocytes in Human Peripheral Blood In Vivo." Frontiers in Endocrinology 11, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 30 October 2020 in Endokrynologia Polska
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ACS Style

Małgorzata Gietka-Czernel; Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk; Beata Kos-Kudła; Andrzej Lewiński; Marek Ruchała; Anhelli Syrenicz; Wojciech Zgliczyński. Expert opinion on liquid L-thyroxine usage in hypothyroid patients and new liquid thyroxine formulation — Tirosint SOL [Opinia ekspertów dotycząca stosowania płynnej postaci lewotyroksyny oraz nowego preparatu Tirosint SOL u chorych na niedoczynność tarczycy]. Endokrynologia Polska 2020, 71, 441 -465.

AMA Style

Małgorzata Gietka-Czernel, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Beata Kos-Kudła, Andrzej Lewiński, Marek Ruchała, Anhelli Syrenicz, Wojciech Zgliczyński. Expert opinion on liquid L-thyroxine usage in hypothyroid patients and new liquid thyroxine formulation — Tirosint SOL [Opinia ekspertów dotycząca stosowania płynnej postaci lewotyroksyny oraz nowego preparatu Tirosint SOL u chorych na niedoczynność tarczycy]. Endokrynologia Polska. 2020; 71 (5):441-465.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Małgorzata Gietka-Czernel; Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk; Beata Kos-Kudła; Andrzej Lewiński; Marek Ruchała; Anhelli Syrenicz; Wojciech Zgliczyński. 2020. "Expert opinion on liquid L-thyroxine usage in hypothyroid patients and new liquid thyroxine formulation — Tirosint SOL [Opinia ekspertów dotycząca stosowania płynnej postaci lewotyroksyny oraz nowego preparatu Tirosint SOL u chorych na niedoczynność tarczycy]." Endokrynologia Polska 71, no. 5: 441-465.

Case report
Published: 29 October 2020 in Genes
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Subacute thyroiditis (SAT) is a thyroid inflammatory disease with susceptibility associated with the presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*35, -B*18:01, -DRB1*01 and -C*04:01. Previous viral infection is considered as a triggering factor in genetically predisposed individuals. The influence of HLA on the SAT course was previously suggested. We aim to present the three siblings—female twins and their brother—with very close onset but different clinical courses of SAT, which appeared to be HLA-dependent. The HLA profile in the reported three siblings is strongly correlated with both SAT and Graves’ disease (GD), however the coexistence of particular sets of high risk and protective alleles seems to be crucial for the GD development and the SAT course. The co-occurrence of HLA-DRB1*15:01 and/or -B*07:02, possibly together with the lack of HLA-A*01:01 and -B*41:01 seems to be key factors protecting against the development of GD with high TRAb levels, as well as against the recurrent SAT course and steroid dependence.

ACS Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. Strong Correlation between HLA and Clinical Course of Subacute Thyroiditis—A Report of the Three Siblings. Genes 2020, 11, 1282 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Stasiak, Andrzej Lewiński. Strong Correlation between HLA and Clinical Course of Subacute Thyroiditis—A Report of the Three Siblings. Genes. 2020; 11 (11):1282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Strong Correlation between HLA and Clinical Course of Subacute Thyroiditis—A Report of the Three Siblings." Genes 11, no. 11: 1282.

Journal article
Published: 27 August 2020 in Molecules
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The growth processes in children depend on the proper functioning of some hormones and growth factors. Recently, a positive correlation between ghrelin and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in patients with hyper- and hypothyroidism was proved. Moreover, in hypothyroid rats with high ghrelin concentration, growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion was suppressed. We analyzed these relationships in euthyroid prepubertal children with idiopathic short stature (ISS). The analysis comprised concentration of ghrelin, GH in stimulating tests and during the night, as well as IGF-I, TSH, free thyroxine (FT4) and free triiodothyronine (FT3) in 85 children with ISS (36 girls, 49 boys) aged 9.65 ± 3.02 years (mean ± SD). A strong positive correlation between ghrelin and TSH was confirmed (r = +0.44, p < 0.05). A higher ghrelin but lower nocturnal GH and lower IGF-I were observed in children with higher normal TSH concentration than those in children with lower normal TSH. Interestingly, alterations of TSH level were without any impact on FT4 and FT3 concentrations. Summing up, in ISS prepubertal euthyroid children, ghrelin and TSH secretion are closely related. On the other hand, the higher the TSH, the lower the nocturnal GH and IGF-I levels. The contribution of the above findings in deterioration of growth processes requires further studies.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Anna Łupińska; Andrzej Lewiński; Renata Stawerska. Strong Positive Correlation between TSH and Ghrelin in Euthyroid Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Short Stature. Molecules 2020, 25, 3912 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Anna Łupińska, Andrzej Lewiński, Renata Stawerska. Strong Positive Correlation between TSH and Ghrelin in Euthyroid Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Short Stature. Molecules. 2020; 25 (17):3912.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Adamczewska; Zbigniew Adamczewski; Anna Łupińska; Andrzej Lewiński; Renata Stawerska. 2020. "Strong Positive Correlation between TSH and Ghrelin in Euthyroid Non-Growth Hormone-Deficient Children with Short Stature." Molecules 25, no. 17: 3912.

Case report
Published: 24 August 2020 in Genes
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In multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), the causative MEN1 gene mutations lead to the reduced expression of menin, which is a tumor suppressor protein. In this study, we present a case of a 16‑year‑old woman with severe primary hyperparathyroidism and a non-functioning pituitary microadenoma. Genetic testing demonstrated a novel germline heterozygote variant c.105_107dupGCT of MEN1, leading to Leu duplication in position 37 of the menin polypeptide chain. As such a mutation was not reported before as a causative one, confirmation of its pathogenicity required showing the same mutation in a symptomatic first-degree relative. An identical mutation was found in the patient’s father, who was further diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism and a pituitary microadenoma. We observed the presence of the same MEN1-related tumors but an entirely different symptom severity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of MEN1 syndrome caused by the c.105_107dupGCT MEN1 mutation. This case report demonstrates the importance of genetic evaluation towards MEN1. Genetic testing for MEN1 mutations should be performed in all patients with MEN1-related tumors, and in the young patients even with only one such tumor, despite the supposedly negative family history.

ACS Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Marek Dedecjus; Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska; Emilia Adamska; Monika Tomaszewska; Andrzej Lewiński. Novel Germline c.105_107dupGCT MEN1 Mutation in a Family with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. Genes 2020, 11, 986 .

AMA Style

Magdalena Stasiak, Marek Dedecjus, Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska, Emilia Adamska, Monika Tomaszewska, Andrzej Lewiński. Novel Germline c.105_107dupGCT MEN1 Mutation in a Family with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1. Genes. 2020; 11 (9):986.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Magdalena Stasiak; Marek Dedecjus; Katarzyna Zawadzka-Starczewska; Emilia Adamska; Monika Tomaszewska; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Novel Germline c.105_107dupGCT MEN1 Mutation in a Family with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1." Genes 11, no. 9: 986.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2020 in Journal of Clinical Medicine
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The ability of cancer to metastasize is regulated by various signaling pathways, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), also implicated in the upregulation of Snail-1 transcription factor in malignant neoplasms. B-type Raf kinase gene (BRAF)V600E, the most common driving mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) in thyroid cancer cells through changes in the Snail-1 level, increasing cell migration and invasion. However, little is known about the mechanism of Snail-1 and BRAFV600E relations in humans. Our study included 61 PTC patients with evaluated BRAFV600E mutation status. A total of 18 of those patients had lymph node metastases—of whom 10 were BRAFV600E positive, and 8 negative. Our findings indicate that the expression of Snail-1, but not TGFβ1, correlates with the metastatic phenotype in PTC. This is the first piece of evidence that the upregulation of Snail-1 corresponds with the presence of BRAFV600E mutation and increased expression of Snail-1 in metastatic PTC samples is dependent on BRAFV600E mutation status.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Janusz Kopczynski; Aldona Kowalska; Andrzej Lewinski. Snail-1 Overexpression Correlates with Metastatic Phenotype in BRAFV600E Positive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2020, 9, 2701 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala, Janusz Kopczynski, Aldona Kowalska, Andrzej Lewinski. Snail-1 Overexpression Correlates with Metastatic Phenotype in BRAFV600E Positive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9 (9):2701.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Wieczorek-Szukala; Janusz Kopczynski; Aldona Kowalska; Andrzej Lewinski. 2020. "Snail-1 Overexpression Correlates with Metastatic Phenotype in BRAFV600E Positive Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2701.

Report
Published: 11 August 2020 in Chronobiology International
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Ghrelin – a growth hormone (GH) secretagogue – presents a circadian rhythm with higher nocturnal than diurnal concentration (similar to GH). However, daily ghrelin production depends on food intake and nutritional state; it is increased in the fasting state and decreased after a meal. Since most past research concerning short stature children has relied on the morning ghrelin concentration for analyses, we decided to assess ghrelin concentration at the 60th and 90th minute after falling asleep and in the morning at 06:00 h, shortly after waking up from nighttime sleep (after 12 h of fasting). We compared these ghrelin concentrations to determine differences between nocturnal and morning ghrelin release in short children, both with idiopathic short stature (ISS) and growth hormone deficiency (GHD). We also analyzed the correlation between the nocturnal and morning ghrelin concentrations with nocturnal GH concentrations, measured at the same time points, as well as with maximal GH concentration, achieved by stimulation tests, and with the insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I). The ghrelin and GH concentration 60th and 90th minute after falling asleep, as well as fasting morning ghrelin and IGF-I concentrations, were measured in 19 (n = 10 ISS and n = 9 GHD) prepubertal short children (7 girls and 12 boys), aged 10.36 ± 3.06 y. Differences between the nocturnal and morning ghrelin concentrations were analyzed by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Typical regression and correlation analyses were used to assess relationships among parametric data for other analyses. The Wilcoxon test showed ghrelin concentration is significantly higher in the morning than both at the 60th and 90th minute after falling asleep time points (in ISS and GHD). A significant correlation was observed: a) positive – between nocturnal ghrelin (both at the 60th and 90th minute) and morning ghrelin concentrations; b) positive – between ghrelin at the 60th minute and nocturnal GH concentrations (both at the 60th and 90th minute); c) negative – between ghrelin at the 60th minute and IGF-I concentrations; and d) negative – between body mass index and ghrelin concentrations at the 60th and 90th minute. We conclude: 1) in short children, both with GHD and with ISS, morning ghrelin level reflects its nocturnal concentration; however, it is significantly higher than the nocturnal ones. There is no significant difference between the measurement of ghrelin concentration at night at the 60th or 90th minute after falling asleep; 2) morning ghrelin concentration is affected by the hunger and satiety; therefore, it appears that nocturnal measurements better reflect the pool of hormone responsible for stimulation of GH and IGF-I secretion, especially since positive correlation between nocturnal ghrelin and nocturnal GH secretion was noted; 3) it seems that a higher body mass index is an additional independent factor, associated mainly with lower nocturnal (but not morning) ghrelin secretion.

ACS Style

Renata Stawerska; Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska; Anna Łupińska; Maciej Hilczer; Andrzej Lewiński. Comparison of nocturnal and morning ghrelin concentration in children with growth hormone deficiency and with idiopathic short stature. Chronobiology International 2020, 37, 1629 -1635.

AMA Style

Renata Stawerska, Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska, Anna Łupińska, Maciej Hilczer, Andrzej Lewiński. Comparison of nocturnal and morning ghrelin concentration in children with growth hormone deficiency and with idiopathic short stature. Chronobiology International. 2020; 37 (11):1629-1635.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Renata Stawerska; Marzena Kolasa-Kicińska; Anna Łupińska; Maciej Hilczer; Andrzej Lewiński. 2020. "Comparison of nocturnal and morning ghrelin concentration in children with growth hormone deficiency and with idiopathic short stature." Chronobiology International 37, no. 11: 1629-1635.