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Prof. Giuseppe Castaldelli
Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy

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0 eutrophication
0 Denitrification
0 Sustainable Aquaculture
0 Nitrate removal
0 Aquatic vegetation

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Denitrification
eutrophication
Aquatic vegetation
Nitrate removal
Sustainable Aquaculture

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Journal article
Published: 28 August 2021 in Agronomy
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This study investigates the effect of different nitrogen fertilization levels on the agronomic traits of five Greek oregano populations. Nitrogen supply positively affected dry bio-mass production, with the highest accumulation recorded at 80 kg N ha−1 (N2), which was 59% higher compared to the control plots (no additional nitrogen). In contrast, the essential oil content (mL 100 g−1 DW) was reduced, with the control treatment showing a 15% higher value compared to the mean value of the nitrogen treatments. However, nitrogen supply positively affected the essential oil yield (L ha−1), and the highest value was recorded at 80 kg N ha−1, (N2), showing a 40% increase compared to the control. A wide phenotypic variation among the five populations was also observed. In the three-year analysis, the population with the highest dry biomass production was Papadates (92% higher), that with the highest essential oil content was Vytina (25% higher), and the highest essential oil yield was observed for Papadates and Litochoro (57% and 51% higher, respectively), compared to the least yielding population. Significant interactions were also found between nitrogen levels and populations, implying that, in all cases, nitrogen levels should be specified for each population in order to optimize oregano productivity in sustainable farming systems.

ACS Style

Elissavet Ninou; Catherine M. Cook; Fokion Papathanasiou; Vasilis Aschonitis; Elias Avdikos; Athanasios L. Tsivelikas; Stefanos Stefanou; Parthenopi Ralli; Ioannis Mylonas. Nitrogen Effects on the Essential Oil and Biomass Production of Field Grown Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) Populations. Agronomy 2021, 11, 1722 .

AMA Style

Elissavet Ninou, Catherine M. Cook, Fokion Papathanasiou, Vasilis Aschonitis, Elias Avdikos, Athanasios L. Tsivelikas, Stefanos Stefanou, Parthenopi Ralli, Ioannis Mylonas. Nitrogen Effects on the Essential Oil and Biomass Production of Field Grown Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) Populations. Agronomy. 2021; 11 (9):1722.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elissavet Ninou; Catherine M. Cook; Fokion Papathanasiou; Vasilis Aschonitis; Elias Avdikos; Athanasios L. Tsivelikas; Stefanos Stefanou; Parthenopi Ralli; Ioannis Mylonas. 2021. "Nitrogen Effects on the Essential Oil and Biomass Production of Field Grown Greek Oregano (Origanum vulgare subsp. hirtum) Populations." Agronomy 11, no. 9: 1722.

Article
Published: 19 July 2021 in Ecosystems
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Denitrification is a key process buffering the environmental impacts of agricultural nitrate loads but, at present, remains the least understood and poorly quantified sink in nitrogen budgets at the watershed scale. The present work deals with a comprehensive and detailed analysis of nitrogen sources and sinks in the Burana–Volano–Navigabile basin, the southernmost portion of the Po River valley (Northern Italy), an intensively cultivated (> 85% of basin surface) low-lying landscape. Agricultural census data, extensive monitoring of surface–groundwater interactions, and laboratory experiments targeting N fluxes and pools were combined to provide reliable estimates of soil denitrification at the basin scale. In the agricultural soils of the basin, nitrogen inputs exceeded outputs by nearly 40% (~ 80 kg N ha−1 year−1), but this condition of potential N excess did not translate into widespread nitrate pollution. The general scarcity of inorganic nitrogen species in groundwater and soils indicated limited leakage and storage. Multiple pieces of evidence supported that soil denitrification was the process that needed to be introduced in the budget to explain the fate of the missing nitrogen. Denitrification was likely boosted in the soils of the studied basin, prone to waterlogged conditions and consequently oxygen-limited, owing to peculiar features such as fine texture, low hydraulic conductivity, and shallow water table. The present study highlighted the substantial contribution of soil denitrification to balancing nitrogen inputs and outputs in agricultural lowland basins, a paramount ecosystem function preventing eutrophication phenomena.

ACS Style

Elisa Soana; Fabio Vincenzi; Nicolò Colombani; Micòl Mastrocicco; Elisa Anna Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. Soil Denitrification, the Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Nitrogen Budget in Lowland Agricultural Basins. Ecosystems 2021, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Elisa Soana, Fabio Vincenzi, Nicolò Colombani, Micòl Mastrocicco, Elisa Anna Fano, Giuseppe Castaldelli. Soil Denitrification, the Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Nitrogen Budget in Lowland Agricultural Basins. Ecosystems. 2021; ():1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elisa Soana; Fabio Vincenzi; Nicolò Colombani; Micòl Mastrocicco; Elisa Anna Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. 2021. "Soil Denitrification, the Missing Piece in the Puzzle of Nitrogen Budget in Lowland Agricultural Basins." Ecosystems , no. : 1-15.

Preprint content
Published: 09 July 2021
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ACS Style

Vassilis Aschonitis; Dimos Touloumidis; Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. Supplementary material to "Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices". 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Vassilis Aschonitis, Dimos Touloumidis, Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. Supplementary material to "Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices". . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vassilis Aschonitis; Dimos Touloumidis; Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. 2021. "Supplementary material to "Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices"." , no. : 1.

Preprint content
Published: 09 July 2021
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Thornthwaite’s formula is globally an optimum candidate for large scale applications of potential evapotranspiration and aridity assessment at different climates and landscapes since it has the lower data requirements compared to other methods and especially from the ASCE-standardized reference evapotranspiration (former FAO-56), which is the most data demanding method and is commonly used as benchmark method. The aim of the study is to develop a global database of local coefficients for correcting the formula of monthly Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration (Ep) using as benchmark the ASCE-standardized reference evapotranspiration method (Er). The validity of the database will be verified by testing the hypothesis that a local correction coefficient, which integrates the local mean effect of wind speed, humidity and solar radiation, can improve the performance of the original Thornthwaite formula. The database of local correction coefficients was developed using global gridded temperature and Er data of the period 1950–2000 at 30 arc-sec resolution (~1 km at equator) from freely available climate geodatabases. The correction coefficients were produced as partial weighted averages of monthly Er / Ep ratios by setting the ratios’ weight according to the monthly Er magnitude and by excluding colder months with monthly values of Er or Ep < 45 mm month−1 because their ratio becomes highly unstable for low temperatures. The validation of the correction coefficients was made using raw data from 525 stations of Europe, California-USA and Australia including data up to 2020. The validation procedure showed that the corrected Thornthwaite formula Eps using local coefficients led to a reduction of RMSE from 37.2 to 30.0 mm m−1 for monthly and from 388.8 to 174.8 mm y−1 for annual step estimations compared to Ep using as benchmark the values of Er method. The corrected Eps and the original Ep Thornthwaite formulas were also evaluated by their use in Thornthwaite and UNEP (United Nations Environment Program) aridity indices using as benchmark the respective indices estimated by Er. The analysis was made using the validation data of the stations and the results showed that the correction of Thornthwaite formula using local coefficients increased the accuracy of detecting identical aridity classes with Er from 63 % to 76 % for the case of Thornthwaite classification, and from 76 % to 93 % for the case of UNEP classification. The performance of both aridity indices using the corrected formula was extremely improved in the case of non-humid classes. The global database of local correction factors can support applications of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices assessment with the minimum data requirements (i.e. temperature) for locations where climatic data are limited. The global grids of local correction coefficients for Thornthwaite formula produced in this study are archived in PANGAEA database andcan be assessed using the following link: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.932638 (Aschonitis et al., 2021).

ACS Style

Vassilis Aschonitis; Dimos Touloumidis; Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices. 2021, 2021, 1 -25.

AMA Style

Vassilis Aschonitis, Dimos Touloumidis, Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices. . 2021; 2021 ():1-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vassilis Aschonitis; Dimos Touloumidis; Marie-Claire Ten Veldhuis; Miriam Coenders-Gerrits. 2021. "Correcting Thornthwaite potential evapotranspiration using a global grid of local coefficients to support temperature-based estimations of reference evapotranspiration and aridity indices." 2021, no. : 1-25.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Agriculture
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This research is an outcome of the R&D activities of Ecodevelopment S.A. (steadily supported by the Hellenic Agricultural Organization—Demeter) towards offering precision farming services to rice growers. Within this framework, a new methodology for topdressing nitrogen prediction was developed based on machine learning. Nitrogen is a key element in rice culture and its rational management can increase productivity, reduce costs, and prevent environmental impacts. A multi-source, multi-temporal, and multi-scale dataset was collected, including optical and radar imagery, soil data, and yield maps by monitoring a 110 ha pilot rice farm in Thessaloniki Plain, Greece, for four consecutive years. RapidEye imagery underwent image segmentation to delineate management zones (ancillary, visual interpretation of unmanned aerial system scenes was employed, too); Sentinel-1 (SAR) imagery was modelled with Computer Vision to detect inundated fields and (through this) indicate the exact growth stage of the crop; and Sentinel-2 image data were used to map leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) exactly before topdressing applications. Several machine learning algorithms were configured to predict yield for various nitrogen levels, with the XGBoost model resulting in the highest accuracy. Finally, yield curves were used to select the nitrogen dose maximizing yield, which was thus recommended to the grower. Inundation mapping proved to be critical in the prediction process. Currently, Ecodevelopment S.A. is expanding the application of the new method in different study areas, with a view to further empower its generality and operationality.

ACS Style

Miltiadis Iatrou; Christos Karydas; George Iatrou; Ioannis Pitsiorlas; Vassilis Aschonitis; Iason Raptis; Stelios Mpetas; Kostas Kravvas; Spiros Mourelatos. Topdressing Nitrogen Demand Prediction in Rice Crop Using Machine Learning Systems. Agriculture 2021, 11, 312 .

AMA Style

Miltiadis Iatrou, Christos Karydas, George Iatrou, Ioannis Pitsiorlas, Vassilis Aschonitis, Iason Raptis, Stelios Mpetas, Kostas Kravvas, Spiros Mourelatos. Topdressing Nitrogen Demand Prediction in Rice Crop Using Machine Learning Systems. Agriculture. 2021; 11 (4):312.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Miltiadis Iatrou; Christos Karydas; George Iatrou; Ioannis Pitsiorlas; Vassilis Aschonitis; Iason Raptis; Stelios Mpetas; Kostas Kravvas; Spiros Mourelatos. 2021. "Topdressing Nitrogen Demand Prediction in Rice Crop Using Machine Learning Systems." Agriculture 11, no. 4: 312.

Preprint content
Published: 19 March 2021
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Understanding the variation in community composition and species abundances, i.e., β-diversity, is at the heart of community ecology. A common approach to examine β-diversity is to evaluate directional turnover in community composition by measuring the decay in the similarity among pairs of communities along spatial or environmental distances. We provide the first global synthesis of taxonomic and functional distance decay along spatial and environmental distance by analysing 149 datasets comprising different types of organisms and environments. We modelled an exponential distance decay for each dataset using generalized linear models and extracted r2 and slope to analyse the strength and the rate of the decay. We studied whether taxonomic or functional similarity has stronger decay across the spatial and environmental distances. We also unveiled the factors driving the rate of decay across the datasets, including latitude, spatial extent, realm, and organismal features. Taxonomic distance decay was stronger along spatial and environmental distances compared with functional distance decay. The rate of taxonomic spatial distance decay was the fastest in the datasets from mid-latitudes while the rate of functional decay increased with latitude. Overall, datasets covering larger spatial extents showed a lower rate of decay along spatial distances but a higher rate of decay along environmental distances. Marine ecosystems had the slowest rate of decay. This synthesis is an important step towards a more holistic understanding of patterns and drivers of taxonomic and functional β-diversity.

ACS Style

Caio Graco-Roza; Sonja Aarnio; Nerea Abrego; Alicia T. R. Acosta; Janne Alahuhta; Jan Altman; Claudia Angiolini; Jukka Aroviita; Fabio Attorre; Lars Baastrup-Spohr; José Juan Barrera-Alba; Jonathan Belmaker; Idoia Biurrun; Gianmaria Bonari; Helge Bruelheide; Sabina Burrascano; Marta Carboni; Pedro Cardoso; José Carlos Carvalho; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Morten Christensen; Gilsineia Correa; Iwona Dembicz; Jürgen Dengler; Jiri Dolezal; Patricia Domingos; Tibor Erös; Carlos E. L. Ferreira; Goffredo Filibeck; Sergio R. Floeter; Alan Friedlander; Johanna Gammal; Anna Gavioli; Martin M. Gossner; Itai Granot; Riccardo Guarino; Camilla Gustafsson; Brian Hayden; Siwen He; Jacob Heilmann-Clausen; Jani Heino; John T. Hunter; Vera Lucia De Moraes Huszar; Monika Janišová; Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola; Kimmo Kahilainen; Julia Kemppinen; Łukasz Kozub; Carla Kruk; Michel Kulbiki; Anna Kuzemko; Peter Christian le Roux; Aleksi Lehikoinen; Domênica Teixeira de Lima; Angel Lopes-Urrutia; Balázs A. Lukács; Miska Luoto; Stefano Mammola; Marcelo Manzi Marinho; Luciana Da Silva Menezes; Marco Milardi; Marcela Miranda; Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira Moser; Joerg Mueller; Pekka Niittynen; Alf Norkko; Arkadiusz Nowak; Jean Ometto; Otso Ovaskainen; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Felipe Siqueira Pacheco; Virpi Pajunen; Salza Palpurina; Félix Picazo; Juan Antonio Campos Prieto; Ivan F. Rodil; Francesco Maria Sabatini; Shira Salingré; Michele de Sanctis; Angel M. Segura; Lucia Helena Sampaio da Silva; Zora Dajic Stevanovic; Grzegorz Swacha; Anette Teittinen; Kimmo T. Tolonen; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Leena Virta; Beixin Wang; Jianjun Wang; Wolfgang Weisser; Yuan Xu; Janne Soininen. Distance decay 2.0 – a global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Caio Graco-Roza, Sonja Aarnio, Nerea Abrego, Alicia T. R. Acosta, Janne Alahuhta, Jan Altman, Claudia Angiolini, Jukka Aroviita, Fabio Attorre, Lars Baastrup-Spohr, José Juan Barrera-Alba, Jonathan Belmaker, Idoia Biurrun, Gianmaria Bonari, Helge Bruelheide, Sabina Burrascano, Marta Carboni, Pedro Cardoso, José Carlos Carvalho, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Morten Christensen, Gilsineia Correa, Iwona Dembicz, Jürgen Dengler, Jiri Dolezal, Patricia Domingos, Tibor Erös, Carlos E. L. Ferreira, Goffredo Filibeck, Sergio R. Floeter, Alan Friedlander, Johanna Gammal, Anna Gavioli, Martin M. Gossner, Itai Granot, Riccardo Guarino, Camilla Gustafsson, Brian Hayden, Siwen He, Jacob Heilmann-Clausen, Jani Heino, John T. Hunter, Vera Lucia De Moraes Huszar, Monika Janišová, Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola, Kimmo Kahilainen, Julia Kemppinen, Łukasz Kozub, Carla Kruk, Michel Kulbiki, Anna Kuzemko, Peter Christian le Roux, Aleksi Lehikoinen, Domênica Teixeira de Lima, Angel Lopes-Urrutia, Balázs A. Lukács, Miska Luoto, Stefano Mammola, Marcelo Manzi Marinho, Luciana Da Silva Menezes, Marco Milardi, Marcela Miranda, Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira Moser, Joerg Mueller, Pekka Niittynen, Alf Norkko, Arkadiusz Nowak, Jean Ometto, Otso Ovaskainen, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Felipe Siqueira Pacheco, Virpi Pajunen, Salza Palpurina, Félix Picazo, Juan Antonio Campos Prieto, Ivan F. Rodil, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Shira Salingré, Michele de Sanctis, Angel M. Segura, Lucia Helena Sampaio da Silva, Zora Dajic Stevanovic, Grzegorz Swacha, Anette Teittinen, Kimmo T. Tolonen, Ioannis Tsiripidis, Leena Virta, Beixin Wang, Jianjun Wang, Wolfgang Weisser, Yuan Xu, Janne Soininen. Distance decay 2.0 – a global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Caio Graco-Roza; Sonja Aarnio; Nerea Abrego; Alicia T. R. Acosta; Janne Alahuhta; Jan Altman; Claudia Angiolini; Jukka Aroviita; Fabio Attorre; Lars Baastrup-Spohr; José Juan Barrera-Alba; Jonathan Belmaker; Idoia Biurrun; Gianmaria Bonari; Helge Bruelheide; Sabina Burrascano; Marta Carboni; Pedro Cardoso; José Carlos Carvalho; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Morten Christensen; Gilsineia Correa; Iwona Dembicz; Jürgen Dengler; Jiri Dolezal; Patricia Domingos; Tibor Erös; Carlos E. L. Ferreira; Goffredo Filibeck; Sergio R. Floeter; Alan Friedlander; Johanna Gammal; Anna Gavioli; Martin M. Gossner; Itai Granot; Riccardo Guarino; Camilla Gustafsson; Brian Hayden; Siwen He; Jacob Heilmann-Clausen; Jani Heino; John T. Hunter; Vera Lucia De Moraes Huszar; Monika Janišová; Jenny Jyrkänkallio-Mikkola; Kimmo Kahilainen; Julia Kemppinen; Łukasz Kozub; Carla Kruk; Michel Kulbiki; Anna Kuzemko; Peter Christian le Roux; Aleksi Lehikoinen; Domênica Teixeira de Lima; Angel Lopes-Urrutia; Balázs A. Lukács; Miska Luoto; Stefano Mammola; Marcelo Manzi Marinho; Luciana Da Silva Menezes; Marco Milardi; Marcela Miranda; Gleyci Aparecida Oliveira Moser; Joerg Mueller; Pekka Niittynen; Alf Norkko; Arkadiusz Nowak; Jean Ometto; Otso Ovaskainen; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Felipe Siqueira Pacheco; Virpi Pajunen; Salza Palpurina; Félix Picazo; Juan Antonio Campos Prieto; Ivan F. Rodil; Francesco Maria Sabatini; Shira Salingré; Michele de Sanctis; Angel M. Segura; Lucia Helena Sampaio da Silva; Zora Dajic Stevanovic; Grzegorz Swacha; Anette Teittinen; Kimmo T. Tolonen; Ioannis Tsiripidis; Leena Virta; Beixin Wang; Jianjun Wang; Wolfgang Weisser; Yuan Xu; Janne Soininen. 2021. "Distance decay 2.0 – a global synthesis of taxonomic and functional turnover in ecological communities." , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 02 March 2021 in Water
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Brackish lagoons are highly productive systems that support fishing and aquaculture activities with important revenue. At the same time, they function as fundamental habitats for the conservation of a number of species that use lagoons for reproduction and feeding. The present study aims at describing the seasonal structural and functional variations of fish communities in the Fattibello lagoon, a small but important nursery ground of the Po River delta (northern Italy), historically exploited for fishing. The fish community was sampled monthly over a six-years’ period (2009–2014). The results were normalized in catch per unit of effort (CPUE) and are expressed both as individual abundances (ind/CPUE) and biomass (g/CPUE). Higher biodiversity levels were observed in autumn, when both lagoon residents and marine species coexist, and summer, for individual abundances and biomass. Biomass was a better descriptor than individual abundance of the functional use of the lagoon. In autumn, the lagoon resident species increased significantly, while marine feeding ground species decreased. Vice versa, lagoon residents decreased in winter, when the lagoon were mainly used as feeding ground by marine fishes. Marine migrating species were present throughout the whole year. Overall, the lagoon serves as (i) reproduction habitats for different species, as well as habitat for the pre-reproductive period for the European anchovy; (ii) nursery grounds for a number of commercial species; and (iii) habitats for lagoon resident species, supporting them for the whole life cycle. Overall, the results highlight the fundamental conservation role of the lagoon throughout the whole year, and that seasonal structural and functional patterns of fish communities should be carefully considered when seeking to harmonize direct uses, such as fishing and bivalve farming, as well as nature conservation.

ACS Style

Mattia Lanzoni; Mattias Gaglio; Anna Gavioli; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. Seasonal Variation of Functional Traits in the Fish Community in a Brackish Lagoon of the Po River Delta (Northern Italy). Water 2021, 13, 679 .

AMA Style

Mattia Lanzoni, Mattias Gaglio, Anna Gavioli, Elisa Fano, Giuseppe Castaldelli. Seasonal Variation of Functional Traits in the Fish Community in a Brackish Lagoon of the Po River Delta (Northern Italy). Water. 2021; 13 (5):679.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattia Lanzoni; Mattias Gaglio; Anna Gavioli; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. 2021. "Seasonal Variation of Functional Traits in the Fish Community in a Brackish Lagoon of the Po River Delta (Northern Italy)." Water 13, no. 5: 679.

Journal article
Published: 09 February 2021 in Water
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Since the publication of the River Continuum Concept (RCC), the capacity of the longitudinal dimension to predict the distribution of species and ecological functions in river networks was discussed by different river theories. The taxonomic structures and functional attributes of macrobenthic communities were investigated along the river continuum in the river Adige network (Northern Italy), with the aim to test the reliability of RCC theory and clarify the relation between structural and functional features in lotic systems. Distance from the spring was found to be most representative proxy among environmental parameters. The analysis highlighted the decrease of biodiversity levels along the river continuum. The decrease of taxonomic diversity corresponded to the loss in functional richness. The abundances of predator and walker taxa, as well as semelparous organisms, declined along the longitudinal gradient, suggesting variations in community complexity and granulometry. Regression models also depicted the presence of disturbed communities in the central section of the basin, where intensive agricultural activities occur, that affected environmental gradients. Overall, results offered evidences that the river continuum may predict macrobenthic community structures in terms of taxonomic diversity, thus confirming the general validity of RCC. Nonetheless, the functional analysis did not provide equally clear evidences to support the theory. After four decades from its postulation, the RCC is still a reliable model to predict the general macroinvertebrates distribution. However, community functions may respond to a number of local factors not considered in RCC, which could find a declination in other theories. The relations between structural and functional features confirmed to be complex and sensitive to disturbances and local conditions.

ACS Style

Mattias Gaglio; Vassilis Aschonitis; Alexandra Muresan; Fabio Vincenzi; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Fano. Structural and Functional Variations of the Macrobenthic Community of the Adige Basin along the River Continuum. Water 2021, 13, 451 .

AMA Style

Mattias Gaglio, Vassilis Aschonitis, Alexandra Muresan, Fabio Vincenzi, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Elisa Fano. Structural and Functional Variations of the Macrobenthic Community of the Adige Basin along the River Continuum. Water. 2021; 13 (4):451.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattias Gaglio; Vassilis Aschonitis; Alexandra Muresan; Fabio Vincenzi; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Fano. 2021. "Structural and Functional Variations of the Macrobenthic Community of the Adige Basin along the River Continuum." Water 13, no. 4: 451.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2021 in Agriculture
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Under high organic matter content, even under low extractable soil P concentrations, sufficient or over-sufficient foliar P levels may be found. This multi-year study aimed at examining the effects of organic matter content and irrigation management on (a) soil fertility, (b) P-cycle related soil enzymes (acid and alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase) and (c) foliar nutrient concentrations. Irrigated and non-irrigated groves of fully productive trees of the cultivar “Chondrolia Chalkidikis” with low organic matter (LOM < 1.5%), medium organic matter (1.5% < MOM < 2.5%) and high organic matter (HOM > 2.5%) were selected for the experimentation. It was hypothesized that olive groves receiving high inorganic fertilization and irrigation inputs (usually with medium to relatively low organic matter content) would show higher soil and foliar P concentrations compared to the non-irrigated groves with higher organic matter content receiving manure applications. Most of the soil variables (including the three enzymes’ activities) were affected by differences in organic matter content. However, organic matter content did not show a significant influence on foliar nutrient concentrations. Olive trees, especially those cultivated in soils with high organic matter content (receiving organic fertilization), can over-satisfy their P nutritional needs, even though soil analyses show low soil extractable P concentrations, probably due to the high enzymatic activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases. The practical conclusion of this study is that P fertilizer recommendations should be primarily based on foliar P rather than on extractable soil P.

ACS Style

Niki Christopoulou; Theocharis Chatzistathis; Efimia Papatheodorou; Vassilis Aschonitis; Nikolaos Monokrousos. The Crucial Role of Soil Organic Matter in Satisfying the Phosphorus Requirements of Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.). Agriculture 2021, 11, 111 .

AMA Style

Niki Christopoulou, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Efimia Papatheodorou, Vassilis Aschonitis, Nikolaos Monokrousos. The Crucial Role of Soil Organic Matter in Satisfying the Phosphorus Requirements of Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.). Agriculture. 2021; 11 (2):111.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niki Christopoulou; Theocharis Chatzistathis; Efimia Papatheodorou; Vassilis Aschonitis; Nikolaos Monokrousos. 2021. "The Crucial Role of Soil Organic Matter in Satisfying the Phosphorus Requirements of Olive Trees (Olea europaea L.)." Agriculture 11, no. 2: 111.

Journal article
Published: 21 January 2021 in Climate
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Simple formulas for estimating annual actual evapotranspiration (AET) based on annual climate data are widely used in large scale applications. Such formulas do not have distinct compartments related to topography, soil and irrigation, and for this reason may be limited in basins with high slopes, where runoff is the dominant water balance component, and in basins where irrigated agriculture is dominant. Thus, a simplistic method for assessing AET in both natural ecosystems and agricultural systems considering the aforementioned elements is proposed in this study. The method solves AET through water balance based on a set of formulas that estimate runoff and percolation. These formulas are calibrated by the results of the deterministic hydrological model GLEAMS (Groundwater Loading Effects of Agricultural Management Systems) for a reference surface. The proposed methodology is applied to the country of Greece and compared with the widely used climate-based methods of Oldekop, Coutagne and Turk. The results show that the proposed methodology agrees very well with the method of Turk for the lowland regions but presents significant differences in places where runoff is expected to be very high (sloppy areas and areas of high rainfall, especially during December–February), suggesting that the proposed method performs better due to its runoff compartment. The method can also be applied in a single application considering irrigation only for the irrigated lands to more accurately estimate AET in basins with a high percentage of irrigated agriculture.

ACS Style

Kleoniki Demertzi; Vassilios Pisinaras; Emanuel Lekakis; Evangelos Tziritis; Konstantinos Babakos; Vassilis Aschonitis. Assessing Annual Actual Evapotranspiration based on Climate, Topography and Soil in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems. Climate 2021, 9, 20 .

AMA Style

Kleoniki Demertzi, Vassilios Pisinaras, Emanuel Lekakis, Evangelos Tziritis, Konstantinos Babakos, Vassilis Aschonitis. Assessing Annual Actual Evapotranspiration based on Climate, Topography and Soil in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems. Climate. 2021; 9 (2):20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kleoniki Demertzi; Vassilios Pisinaras; Emanuel Lekakis; Evangelos Tziritis; Konstantinos Babakos; Vassilis Aschonitis. 2021. "Assessing Annual Actual Evapotranspiration based on Climate, Topography and Soil in Natural and Agricultural Ecosystems." Climate 9, no. 2: 20.

Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science
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Anguillicola crassus, a haematophagous nematode infecting the eel swim bladder, was introduced into Europe from Asia in the early 1980s with imported Anguilla japonica. It spread rapidly after establishment in the native European eel Anguilla anguilla. A long-term dataset shows the dynamics of A. crassus in eels of the Comacchio Lagoon from 1997 to 2019, and reveals the factors that influence its prevalence. A sample of 339 eels showed 19 parasitized by adult A. crassus, with one to five parasites per infected host and a mean abundance of 0.09 ± 0.45. Prevalence ranged from 2.14% (minimum value reached in 2005/06) to 11.9% (maximum reached in 1997). No significant temporal trend in the occurrence of A. crassus was detected over the period of the investigation, which was characterized by low levels of infection compared to that in eel populations from other coastal lagoons or estuaries. No influence of A. crassus on condition factor, hepatosomatic and gonadosomatic index and swim bladder integrity (evaluated through the Swim bladder Degenerative Index) was found, suggesting a minimal impact of the parasite on the eel population health. Anguillicola crassus, although established in Comacchio Lagoon, has not become invasive. The possible reasons for this, among which high salinity, will be discussed. Management of the lagoon for the past 30 years has also contributed to parasite containment through avoidance of restocking the eel population from external sources.

ACS Style

L. Giari; G. Castaldelli; A. Gavioli; M. Lanzoni; E.A. Fano. Long-term ecological analysis of Anguillicola crassus occurrence and impact on the European eel population in a Mediterranean lagoon (North Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 2020, 249, 107117 .

AMA Style

L. Giari, G. Castaldelli, A. Gavioli, M. Lanzoni, E.A. Fano. Long-term ecological analysis of Anguillicola crassus occurrence and impact on the European eel population in a Mediterranean lagoon (North Italy). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 2020; 249 ():107117.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Giari; G. Castaldelli; A. Gavioli; M. Lanzoni; E.A. Fano. 2020. "Long-term ecological analysis of Anguillicola crassus occurrence and impact on the European eel population in a Mediterranean lagoon (North Italy)." Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 249, no. : 107117.

Communication
Published: 07 November 2020 in Water
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Macrofauna can produce contrasting biogeochemical effects in intact and reconstructed sediments. We measured benthic fluxes of oxygen, inorganic carbon, and nitrogen and denitrification rates in intact sediments dominated by a filter and a deposit feeder and in reconstructed sediments added with increasing densities of the same organisms. Measurements in reconstructed sediments were carried out 5 days after macrofauna addition. The degree of stimulation of the measured fluxes in the intact and reconstructed sediments was then compared. Results confirmed that high densities of bioturbating macrofauna produce profound effects on sediment biogeochemistry, enhancing benthic respiration and ammonium recycling by up to a factor of ~3 and ~9, respectively, as compared to control sediments. The deposit feeder also increased total denitrification by a factor of ~2, whereas the filter feeder activity did not stimulate nitrogen removal. Moreover, the effects of deposit feeders on benthic fluxes were significantly higher (e.g., on respiration and ammonium recycling) or different (e.g., on denitrification) when measured in intact and reconstructed sediments. In intact sediments, deposit feeders enhanced the denitrification coupled to nitrification and had no effects on the denitrification of water column nitrate, whereas in reconstructed sediments, the opposite was true. This may reflect active burrowing in reconstructed sediments and the long time needed for slow growing nitrifiers to develop within burrows. Results suggest that, in bioturbation studies, oversimplified experimental approaches and insufficient preincubation time might lead to wrong interpretation of the role of macrofauna in sediment biogeochemistry, far from that occurring in nature.

ACS Style

Marco Bartoli; Sara Benelli; Monia Magri; Cristina Ribaudo; Paula Moraes; Giuseppe Castaldelli. Contrasting Effects of Bioturbation Studied in Intact and Reconstructed Estuarine Sediments. Water 2020, 12, 3125 .

AMA Style

Marco Bartoli, Sara Benelli, Monia Magri, Cristina Ribaudo, Paula Moraes, Giuseppe Castaldelli. Contrasting Effects of Bioturbation Studied in Intact and Reconstructed Estuarine Sediments. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Bartoli; Sara Benelli; Monia Magri; Cristina Ribaudo; Paula Moraes; Giuseppe Castaldelli. 2020. "Contrasting Effects of Bioturbation Studied in Intact and Reconstructed Estuarine Sediments." Water 12, no. 11: 3125.

Journal article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Agro-ecosystems are intensively exploited environments which are both providers and consumers of ecosystem services. The improvement of both provisioning and regulating services in cultivated landscapes is crucial for the sustainable development of rural areas. Among the provisioning services offered, producing biogas from the anaerobic digestion of residual biomass is nowadays a promising option for decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, while avoiding the land use conflicts related to the use of dedicated crops. Based on the available quantitative data at a regional level, provisioning and regulating services provided by the use of agri-food waste, livestock waste and agricultural residues were assessed for the case of Emilia Romagna region, the second biggest biogas producer in Italy. One provisioning service, i.e., bioenergy generation, and three regulating services were considered: (i) air quality improvement by the reduction of odors derived from direct use of waste, (ii) regulation of soil nutrients by reducing organic load and digestate spreading, and (iii) global climate regulation by saving GHG emissions. A potential further generation of 52.7 MW electric power was estimated at the regional level. Digestate spreading on fields may reduce odor impact by more than 90%, while containing a higher percentage of inorganic nitrogen, which is readily available to plants. The estimated GHG emission savings were equal to 2,862,533 Mg CO2eq/yr, mainly due to avoided landfilling for agri-waste and avoided replacing of mineral fertilizers for livestock waste and agricultural residues. The results suggest that bioenergy generation from lignocellulosic, livestock and agro-industrial residues may improve some regulating services in agro-ecosystems, while helping to reach renewable energy targets, thus contributing to overcoming the provisioning vs. regulating services paradigm in human-managed ecosystems.

ACS Style

Elena Tamburini; Mattias Gaglio; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Fano. Biogas from Agri-Food and Agricultural Waste Can Appreciate Agro-Ecosystem Services: The Case Study of Emilia Romagna Region. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8392 .

AMA Style

Elena Tamburini, Mattias Gaglio, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Elisa Fano. Biogas from Agri-Food and Agricultural Waste Can Appreciate Agro-Ecosystem Services: The Case Study of Emilia Romagna Region. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8392.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Tamburini; Mattias Gaglio; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Fano. 2020. "Biogas from Agri-Food and Agricultural Waste Can Appreciate Agro-Ecosystem Services: The Case Study of Emilia Romagna Region." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8392.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2020 in Hydrology
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A classic method for assessing the reference crop evapotranspiration (ETo) is the pan evaporation (Epan) method that uses Epan measurements and pan coefficient (kp) models, which can be functions of relative humidity (RH), wind speed (u2), and temperature (T). The aim of this study is to present a methodology for evaluating the robustness of regression coefficients associated to climate parameters (RH, u2, and T) in pan method models during recalibration at local conditions. Two years of daily data from April to October (warm season) of meteorological parameters, Epan measurements from class A pan evaporimeter and ETo estimated by ASCE-standardized method for the climatic conditions of Thessaloniki (Greece, semi-arid environment), were used. The regression coefficients of six general nonlinear (NLR) regression Epan models were analyzed through recalibration using a technique called “random cross-validation nonlinear regression RCV-NLR” that produced 1000 random splits of the initial dataset into calibration and validation sets using a constant proportion (70% and 30%, respectively). The variance of the regression coefficients was analyzed based on the 95% interval of the highest posterior density distribution. NLR models that included coefficients with a 95% HPD interval that fluctuates in both positive and negative values were considered nonrobust. The machine-learning technique of random forests (RF) was also used to build a RF model that includes Epan, u2, RH, and T parameters. This model was used as a benchmark for evaluating the predictive accuracy of NLR models but, also, for assessing the relative importance of the predictor climate variables if they were all included in one NLR model. The findings of this study indicated that locally calibrated NLR functions that use only the Epan parameter presented better results, while the inclusion of additional climate parameters was redundant and led to underfitting.

ACS Style

Konstantinos Babakos; Dimitris Papamichail; Panagiotis Tziachris; Vassilios Pisinaras; Kleoniki Demertzi; Vassilis Aschonitis. Assessing the Robustness of Pan Evaporation Models for Estimating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration during Recalibration at Local Conditions. Hydrology 2020, 7, 62 .

AMA Style

Konstantinos Babakos, Dimitris Papamichail, Panagiotis Tziachris, Vassilios Pisinaras, Kleoniki Demertzi, Vassilis Aschonitis. Assessing the Robustness of Pan Evaporation Models for Estimating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration during Recalibration at Local Conditions. Hydrology. 2020; 7 (3):62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Konstantinos Babakos; Dimitris Papamichail; Panagiotis Tziachris; Vassilios Pisinaras; Kleoniki Demertzi; Vassilis Aschonitis. 2020. "Assessing the Robustness of Pan Evaporation Models for Estimating Reference Crop Evapotranspiration during Recalibration at Local Conditions." Hydrology 7, no. 3: 62.

Review
Published: 29 August 2020 in Water
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Amphipods are a key component of aquatic ecosystems due to their distribution, abundance and ecological role. They also serve as hosts for many micro- and macro-parasites. The importance of parasites and the necessity to include them in ecological studies has been increasingly recognized in the last two decades by ecologists and conservation biologists. Parasites are able to alter survival, growth, feeding, mobility, mating, fecundity and stressors’ response of their amphipod hosts. In addition to their modulating effects on host population size and dynamics, parasites affect community structure and food webs in different ways: by increasing the susceptibility of amphipods to predation, by quantitatively and qualitatively changing the host diet, and by modifying competitive interactions. Human-induced stressors such as climate change, pollution and species introduction that affect host–parasite equilibrium, may enhance or reduce the infection effects on hosts and ecosystems. The present review illustrates the importance of parasites for ecosystem processes using examples from aquatic environments and amphipods as a host group. As seen from the literature, amphipod–parasite systems are likely a key component of ecological processes, but more quantitative data from natural populations and field evidence are necessary to support the results obtained by experimental research.

ACS Style

Luisa Giari; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Daniel Grabner; Bernd Sures. The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems. Water 2020, 12, 2429 .

AMA Style

Luisa Giari, Elisa Fano, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Daniel Grabner, Bernd Sures. The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems. Water. 2020; 12 (9):2429.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luisa Giari; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Daniel Grabner; Bernd Sures. 2020. "The Ecological Importance of Amphipod–Parasite Associations for Aquatic Ecosystems." Water 12, no. 9: 2429.

Journal article
Published: 12 August 2020 in Ecosystem Services
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Land Cover (LC) and Land Use (LU) changes are usually considered as one change, limiting the understanding of their individual effects on Ecosystem Services (ESs). The aim of this study is to investigate the different effects of LC change and LU intensification on four regulating ESs (carbon storage, water regulation and supply, nitrogen retention) using the InVEST model in the mountainous Adige river basin (Northern Italy) during 1960–2012. The role of establishing protected areas (PAs) in the four regulating ESs was also investigated. The results showed that pasture abandonment and agricultural intensification were the most important LC and LU changes, respectively. The total value of crops’ production raised four times, mainly due to agricultural intensification (increase of fertilization rates), while nitrogen losses increased threefold during 1960–2012. Significant changes on carbon storage and water balance components were not observed due to LC and LU changes at basin scale. The results highlighted the tradeoff between crop production and nitrogen losses that affect water quality regulation. PAs establishment was not enough to mitigate nitrogen losses. The results of the study highlighted that LC change and LU intensification should be considered separately to better understand the consequences of anthropogenic impact on regulating ESs.

ACS Style

Mattias Gaglio; Vassilis Aschonitis; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Anna Fano. Land use intensification rather than land cover change affects regulating services in the mountainous Adige river basin (Italy). Ecosystem Services 2020, 45, 101158 .

AMA Style

Mattias Gaglio, Vassilis Aschonitis, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Elisa Anna Fano. Land use intensification rather than land cover change affects regulating services in the mountainous Adige river basin (Italy). Ecosystem Services. 2020; 45 ():101158.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mattias Gaglio; Vassilis Aschonitis; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Anna Fano. 2020. "Land use intensification rather than land cover change affects regulating services in the mountainous Adige river basin (Italy)." Ecosystem Services 45, no. : 101158.

Journal article
Published: 08 August 2020 in Water
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Nitrate pollution remains an unsolved issue worldwide, causing serious effects on water quality and eutrophication of freshwater and brackish water environments. Its economic costs are still underestimated. To reduce nitrogen excess, constructed wetlands are usually recognized as a solution but, in recent years, interest has been raised in the role of ditches and canals in nitrogen removal. In this study, we investigated the environmental and economical sustainability of nitrogen removal capacity, using as a model study a lowland agricultural sub-basin of the Po River (Northern Italy), where the role of aquatic vegetation and related microbial processes on the mitigation of nitrate pollution has been extensively studied. Based on the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach and costs and benefits analysis (CBA), the effectiveness of two different scenarios of vegetation management, which differ for the timing of mowing, have been compared concerning the nitrogen removal via denitrification and other terms of environmental sustainability. The results highlighted that postponing the mowing to the end of the vegetative season would contribute to buffering up to 90% of the nitrogen load conveyed by the canal network during the irrigation period and would reduce by an order of magnitude the costs of eutrophication potential.

ACS Style

Elena Tamburini; Elisa Soana; Mauro Monti; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. Introducing Life Cycle Assessment in Costs and Benefits Analysis of Vegetation Management in Drainage Canals of Lowland Agricultural Landscapes. Water 2020, 12, 2236 .

AMA Style

Elena Tamburini, Elisa Soana, Mauro Monti, Elisa Fano, Giuseppe Castaldelli. Introducing Life Cycle Assessment in Costs and Benefits Analysis of Vegetation Management in Drainage Canals of Lowland Agricultural Landscapes. Water. 2020; 12 (8):2236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Elena Tamburini; Elisa Soana; Mauro Monti; Elisa Fano; Giuseppe Castaldelli. 2020. "Introducing Life Cycle Assessment in Costs and Benefits Analysis of Vegetation Management in Drainage Canals of Lowland Agricultural Landscapes." Water 12, no. 8: 2236.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Sustainability
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Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum, Adams and Reeve, 1850) farming is a quantitatively important and valuable form of aquaculture production worldwide but, to our best knowledge, no life cycle assessments (LCA) have been undertaken on it. However, being a filter feeder and producing a thick shell during the growing cycle, the capacity of Manila clam to remove nutrients, carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous from the marine environment potentially has some positive effects on the environment. This study was performed in the Sacca di Goro lagoon, located in the southernmost part of the Po River Delta, in the northwestern Adriatic Sea. The LCA of clam farming from a cradle-to-gate perspective have been carried out, including the production stages as seed procuring, sowing, harvesting, depuration and packaging to obtain 1 ton of fresh ready-to-sell clams. The results show that area preparation, fuel combustion and plastic bags were the main contributors to the environmental impacts. The potential capability as a carbon sink of 1 ton of clams has been calculated and the effects on eutrophication reduction by fixing nitrogen and phosphorous in shells, with a net sequestration of 444.55 kg of CO2, 1.54 kg of N and 0.31 kg of P per year.

ACS Style

Edoardo Turolla; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Anna Fano; Elena Tamburini. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Proves that Manila Clam Farming (Ruditapes Philippinarum) Is a Fully Sustainable Aquaculture Practice and a Carbon Sink. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5252 .

AMA Style

Edoardo Turolla, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Elisa Anna Fano, Elena Tamburini. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Proves that Manila Clam Farming (Ruditapes Philippinarum) Is a Fully Sustainable Aquaculture Practice and a Carbon Sink. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (13):5252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Edoardo Turolla; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Elisa Anna Fano; Elena Tamburini. 2020. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Proves that Manila Clam Farming (Ruditapes Philippinarum) Is a Fully Sustainable Aquaculture Practice and a Carbon Sink." Sustainability 12, no. 13: 5252.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Science of The Total Environment
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Hydrological extremes of unusually high or low river discharge may deeply affect the biogeochemistry of coastal lagoons, but the effects are poorly explored. In this study, microbial nitrogen processes were analyzed through intact core incubations and 15N-isotope addition at three sites in the eutrophic Sacca di Goro lagoon (Northern Adriatic Sea) both under high discharge (spring) and after prolonged low discharge (late-summer) of the main freshwater inputs. Under high discharge/nitrate load, denitrification was the leading process and there was no internal recycling. The site located at the mouth of the main freshwater input and characterized by low salinity exhibited the highest denitrification rate (up to 1150 ± 81 μmol N m-2 h-1), mostly sustained by nitrification stimulated by burrowing macrofauna. In contrast, we recorded high internal recycling under low discharge, when denitrification dropped at all sites due to low nitrate concentrations, reduced bioturbation and nitrification. The highest recycling was measured at the sites close to the sea entrance and characterized by high salinity and particularly at the clams cultivated area (up to 1003 ± 70 μmol N m-2 h-1). At this site, internal recycling was sustained by ammonification of biodeposits, bivalve excretion and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), which represented 30% of nitrate reduction. Flash floods and high nitrate loads may overwhelm the denitrification capacity of the lagoon due to the reduced residence time and to the saturation of microbial enzymatic activity, resulting in high transport of nitrate to the sea. Prolonged dry periods favor large internal recycling, due to a combination of high temperatures, low oxygen solubility and low bioturbation, which may prolong the extent of algal blooms with negative effects on lagoon biogeochemical services. We conclude that hydrological extremes, which are expected to become more frequent under climate change scenarios, strongly alter N cycling in coastal sediments.

ACS Style

Monia Magri; Sara Benelli; Stefano Bonaglia; Mindaugas Zilius; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Marco Bartoli. The effects of hydrological extremes on denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and mineralization in a coastal lagoon. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 740, 140169 .

AMA Style

Monia Magri, Sara Benelli, Stefano Bonaglia, Mindaugas Zilius, Giuseppe Castaldelli, Marco Bartoli. The effects of hydrological extremes on denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and mineralization in a coastal lagoon. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 740 ():140169.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Monia Magri; Sara Benelli; Stefano Bonaglia; Mindaugas Zilius; Giuseppe Castaldelli; Marco Bartoli. 2020. "The effects of hydrological extremes on denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) and mineralization in a coastal lagoon." Science of The Total Environment 740, no. : 140169.

Review
Published: 12 June 2020 in Plants
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The olive tree (Olea europaea L.) is an emblematic, long-living fruit tree species of profound economic and environmental importance. This study is a literature review of articles published during the last 10 years about the role of beneficial microbes [Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), Plant Growth Promoting Fungi (PGPF), and Endophytes] on olive tree plant growth and productivity, pathogen control, and alleviation from abiotic stress. The majority of the studies examined the AMF effect using mostly Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus mosseae species. These AMF species stimulate the root growth improving the resistance of olive plants to environmental and transplantation stresses. Among the PGPR, the nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azospirillum sp. and potassium- and phosphorous-solubilizing Bacillus sp. species were studied extensively. These PGPR species were combined with proper cultural practices and improved considerably olive plant’s growth. The endophytic bacterial species Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus sp., as well as the fungal species Trichoderma sp. were identified as the most effective biocontrol agents against olive tree diseases (e.g., Verticillium wilt, root rot, and anthracnose).

ACS Style

Georgios Bizos; Efimia M. Papatheodorou; Theocharis Chatzistathis; Nikoletta Ntalli; Vassilis G. Aschonitis; Nikolaos Monokrousos. The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree (Olea europea L.). Plants 2020, 9, 743 .

AMA Style

Georgios Bizos, Efimia M. Papatheodorou, Theocharis Chatzistathis, Nikoletta Ntalli, Vassilis G. Aschonitis, Nikolaos Monokrousos. The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree (Olea europea L.). Plants. 2020; 9 (6):743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Georgios Bizos; Efimia M. Papatheodorou; Theocharis Chatzistathis; Nikoletta Ntalli; Vassilis G. Aschonitis; Nikolaos Monokrousos. 2020. "The Role of Microbial Inoculants on Plant Protection, Growth Stimulation, and Crop Productivity of the Olive Tree (Olea europea L.)." Plants 9, no. 6: 743.