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Mr. Paweł Iwanowski
Air Force Institute of Technology

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Journal article
Published: 01 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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Natural pavements are an important element of flights. Among other things, they allow the plane to be safely slowed down after it has exited the runway. For this reason, load bearing capacity of natural airfield pavements and strength of turf layer at a specified level are required. Currently used testing methods, such as CBR (Californian Bearing Ratio) tests or turf probe test, separately do not give a full image of pavement technical condition. The authors presented the methodology for assessing the technical condition of natural airfield surfaces based on the APCI (Airfield Pavement Condition Index). The index is based at the same time on the load bearing capacity of the surface layer up to 0.85 m and turf layer strength. The mathematical model and the classification of airfield pavements in terms of the APCI indicator are presented. The article also presents an example of using the APCI method to assess shoulders and end safety areas of the runway at one of the operating airport facilities.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesolowski; Pawel Iwanowski. Evaluation of Natural Airfield Pavements Condition Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI). Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6139 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesolowski, Pawel Iwanowski. Evaluation of Natural Airfield Pavements Condition Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI). Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):6139.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesolowski; Pawel Iwanowski. 2021. "Evaluation of Natural Airfield Pavements Condition Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 6139.

Journal article
Published: 29 June 2021 in Coatings
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The assessment of the anti-skid properties of airfield pavements is one of the elements in the process of determining their current technical condition, which is important in terms of the safety of air operations. The condition of the pavement should be qualified on the basis of the specified and required values (criteria), in this case, the coefficient of friction and the depth of the texture. Unfortunately, in practice, the assessment of the texture of new airfield pavements raises some doubts with regard to the existing requirements. The work presents an analysis of the results of texture tests for new airfield pavements in relation to current requirements. In addition, the authors proposed a new criterion of average texture depth for new airfield pavements, based on actual field measurement results. Field studies used an innovative method of assessing anti-skid properties with a measuring system that allows simultaneous measurement of the coefficient of friction, μ, and the new continuous coefficient of average profile depth and texture CMPTD, from which MPD (Mean Profile Depth) and ETD (Estimated Texture Depth) can be determined. The results of the tests cast doubt on the possibility of obtaining the average texture depth (currently 1.00 mm) required for new airfield pavements.

ACS Style

Mariusz Zieja; Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. Analysis of the Anti-Skid Properties of New Airfield Pavements in Aspect of Applicable Requirements. Coatings 2021, 11, 778 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Zieja, Mariusz Wesołowski, Krzysztof Blacha, Paweł Iwanowski. Analysis of the Anti-Skid Properties of New Airfield Pavements in Aspect of Applicable Requirements. Coatings. 2021; 11 (7):778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Zieja; Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. 2021. "Analysis of the Anti-Skid Properties of New Airfield Pavements in Aspect of Applicable Requirements." Coatings 11, no. 7: 778.

Journal article
Published: 25 June 2021 in Materials
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The load-bearing capacity of natural airfield pavement has a direct impact on the safety of air operations. Unfortunately, the field tests often indicate that the load-bearing capacity of natural airfield pavements is not sufficient. In this case, it is necessary to reinforce them in order to meet the requirements set out in international documents. It is important that the method of reinforcing the subsoil is fast and as noninvasively as possible. There are many methods of reinforcing the subsoil, however, they are expensive and time-demanding, which involves turning off the airport for a long time. Airfield geocells made of recycled plastics discussed in the article seem to be the optimal solution due to the quick implementation of their application by pressing into the existing natural pavement. The article presents the results of laboratory tests demonstrating that material in question is load-resistant and chemical-resistant, while field studies have confirmed that the airfield geocell made of the plastic in question improves the load carrying capacity of natural airfield pavement.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Piotr Włodarski; Paweł Iwanowski; Agata Kowalewska. Analysis and Assessment of the Usefulness of Recycled Plastic Materials for the Production of Airfield Geocell. Materials 2021, 14, 3557 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Piotr Włodarski, Paweł Iwanowski, Agata Kowalewska. Analysis and Assessment of the Usefulness of Recycled Plastic Materials for the Production of Airfield Geocell. Materials. 2021; 14 (13):3557.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Piotr Włodarski; Paweł Iwanowski; Agata Kowalewska. 2021. "Analysis and Assessment of the Usefulness of Recycled Plastic Materials for the Production of Airfield Geocell." Materials 14, no. 13: 3557.

Journal article
Published: 17 November 2020 in Sustainability
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The aim of this research is to assess corrosion in natural atmospheric conditions, based on exposure of material samples and periodic monitoring, and to determine the size of corrosion losses, their form and appearance, as well as changes in physical properties at regular time intervals. Atmospheric corrosion tests were ultimately carried out in order to determine the corrosion resistance of a cement concrete airfield pavement, as well as to assess the type of corrosion and research data in order to determine and estimate the corrosivity of the atmosphere. Atmospheric corrosivity is one of the parameters characterizing the technical condition of airfield pavement functional elements; it makes it possible to estimate a suitable frequency of airfield periodic inspections. Assessments of concrete corrosion and atmospheric corrosivity enable appropriate countermeasures to be taken in order to maintain the airport functional elements in a constant state of technical readiness. In the following study, the prepared samples were exposed to atmospheric conditions in designated places located at selected military airport facilities. Corrosion samples in the form of 50 mm × 100 mm standard samples, 1 mm to 3 mm in thickness, were placed on special frames located within fenced corrosion stations. The corrosion rate rcorr of a specific metal, expressed as a corrosion loss, depends on the environmental conditions. This article presents an atmosphere corrosivity category assessment for low-carbon steel, zinc, copper and aluminum reference samples, taking into account weight or thickness loss after one year of exposure.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesolowski; Aleksandra Rumak; Pawel Iwanowski; Adam Poswiata. Assessment of the Impact of Atmospheric Corrosivity on the Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Operation Process. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9560 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesolowski, Aleksandra Rumak, Pawel Iwanowski, Adam Poswiata. Assessment of the Impact of Atmospheric Corrosivity on the Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Operation Process. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9560.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesolowski; Aleksandra Rumak; Pawel Iwanowski; Adam Poswiata. 2020. "Assessment of the Impact of Atmospheric Corrosivity on the Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Operation Process." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9560.

Journal article
Published: 24 June 2020 in Coatings
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The contact surface of the wheel with the airport surface is important for the safety of flight operations in the ground manoeuvring area. The area of the contact surface, its shape and stress distribution at the pavement surface are the subject of many scientists’ considerations. However, there are only a few research studies which include pressure and vertical load directly and its influence on tire-pavement contact area. There are no research studies which take into account aircraft tires. This work is a piece of an extensive research project which aims to develop a device and a method for continuous measurement of the natural airport pavement’s load capacity. One of the work elements was to estimate the relationship between wheel pressure and wheel pressure on the surface, and the area of the contact surface. The results of the research are presented in this article. Global experience in this field is cited at the beginning of the article. Then, the theoretical basis for calculating the wheel with the road surface contact area was presented. Next, the author’s research views and measurement method are presented. Finally, the obtained test results and comments are shown. The tests were carried out for four types of tires. Two of them were airplane tires from the PZL M28 Skytruck/Bryza and Sukhoi Su-22 aircraft. Two more came from the airport ASFT (airport surface friction tester) friction tester-one smooth ASTM; the other smooth retreaded type T520. The tires were tested in a pressure range from 200 to 800 kPa. The range of vertical wheel load on the pavement was 3.23–25.93 kN for airplane tires, and 0.8–4.0 kN for friction tester tires. The tests proved a significant influence of the wheel pressure value and wheel pressure on the surface on the obtained contact surface area of the wheel with the surface. In addition, it was noted that the final shape and size of the contact surface is affected by factors other than wheel pressure, tire pressure and dimensions.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Pietruszewski; Paweł Iwanowski. Analysis of the Actual Contact Surface of Selected Aircraft Tires with the Airport Pavement as a Function of Pressure and Vertical Load. Coatings 2020, 10, 591 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Krzysztof Blacha, Paweł Pietruszewski, Paweł Iwanowski. Analysis of the Actual Contact Surface of Selected Aircraft Tires with the Airport Pavement as a Function of Pressure and Vertical Load. Coatings. 2020; 10 (6):591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Pietruszewski; Paweł Iwanowski. 2020. "Analysis of the Actual Contact Surface of Selected Aircraft Tires with the Airport Pavement as a Function of Pressure and Vertical Load." Coatings 10, no. 6: 591.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2020 in Aerospace
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Airoport infrastructure development requires care to maintain it in proper technical condition. Due to this, airport pavements should be constantly monitored, and, above all, correctly managed. High-level airport pavement management requires access to reliable information about their current technical condition as well as proper forecasting of this condition in the future. Obtaining good quality information about the technical condition of airport pavement should be based on a proven methodology, taking into account the introduced quality management system. The authors propose a method of technical pavement condition assessment based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI), taking into account not only the results of the surface deterioration inventory, but also repair overviews, load bearing capacity, evenness and roughness of the surface, as well as the surface tensile bond strength. The method was developed during long-term work financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education. At the beginning of the article, the authors focus on reviewing the currently available methods of assessing the technical condition of the pavement. Then they briefly present the most popular surface assessment method based on the PCI indicator. Afterwards, a proprietary asphalt pavement assessment method based on the APCI indicator is proposed and an example of how to use the method is presented. Finally, they discuss the results and summarize the work done, and present further directions of work.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Iwanowski. Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Airport Pavement Conditions Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI) in Scope of Flight Safety. Aerospace 2020, 7, 78 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Paweł Iwanowski. Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Airport Pavement Conditions Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI) in Scope of Flight Safety. Aerospace. 2020; 7 (6):78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Iwanowski. 2020. "Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Airport Pavement Conditions Based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI) in Scope of Flight Safety." Aerospace 7, no. 6: 78.

Journal article
Published: 04 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Many factors have an impact on flight operation safety and air transport participants life. This article presents one of them, which is maintenance of the airport infrastructure in a good condition, with proper infrastructure management, in particular of cash and human resources. At the beginning of the article, attention is paid to the aspect of safety and human life in air transport. Also, an overview of world experience in the field of assessment of the technical condition of airport pavements was presented, including the standard method of the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) estimation. Then, the authors propose an innovative method of assessing the condition of airport pavements based on the Airfield Pavement Condition Index (APCI), taking into account, apart from the extent of surface damage, such parameters as load capacity, evenness, roughness, and bond strength. This approach gives a broader picture of the actual condition of the airport pavement, which has a great importance on flight operation safety, including passengers and cruel life. Next the described research method is experimentally verified in real conditions at Polish airports. Finally, an example of using the APCI method in the assessment of selected airport pavements from Polish airports is presented. The results of tests performed on five functional elements of a military airfield are presented. A satisfactory result is obtained for three elements, an adequate—for two.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Iwanowski. APCI Evaluation Method for Cement Concrete Airport Pavements in the Scope of Air Operation Safety and Air Transport Participants Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1663 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Paweł Iwanowski. APCI Evaluation Method for Cement Concrete Airport Pavements in the Scope of Air Operation Safety and Air Transport Participants Life. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (5):1663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Iwanowski. 2020. "APCI Evaluation Method for Cement Concrete Airport Pavements in the Scope of Air Operation Safety and Air Transport Participants Life." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5: 1663.

Conference paper
Published: 19 September 2019 in Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing
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The article focuses on presenting the impact of the airfield pavements operability on the obtained values of the friction coefficient. The problem was captured in the context of the surface contamination’s increase during the half-year measurement period. In addition, a reduction of the pavement surface anti-skid parameters in the touchdown zone on the runway, in relation to its central part was presented. Anti-skid properties are characterized by two main parameters: coefficient of friction at wheel/surface contact zone and depth of surface texture. There are proven and used for years methods for measuring the macro- and micro-texture of the surface and the roughness of the surface. In order to check the impact of operating processes on the anti-skid properties of airfield pavements, appropriate tests have been carried out. Changes resulting from arise of rubber amounts on the selected runway’s (DS1) and taxiway’s (DK) surfaces starting from late winter till late summer were assessed. In addition, a different runway was assessed (DS2) for which a map of friction coefficient values was made in order to show areas with worse anti-skid properties. The article confirmed the necessity of constant control of anti-skid parameters of airport pavements in order to ensure safety conditions at an appropriate level. Maintenance services and proper operation of airfield pavements also is necessary to minimize the effects of surface deterioration and the accumulation of contaminants in its area.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. Impact of Airfield Pavement’s Operability on Its Anti-skid Properties. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing 2019, 440 -449.

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Krzysztof Blacha, Paweł Iwanowski. Impact of Airfield Pavement’s Operability on Its Anti-skid Properties. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. 2019; ():440-449.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. 2019. "Impact of Airfield Pavement’s Operability on Its Anti-skid Properties." Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing , no. : 440-449.

Conference paper
Published: 18 September 2019 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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An airfield pavement is a designated and properly prepared surface of an airfield functional element (AFE) fulfilling a specific task as part of air operations. A structural system of an airfield pavement is a set of layers, the task of which is to safely take over and transfer loads coming from moving aircraft onto the subsoil. The safety of air operations conducted by aircraft over airfield pavements most of all depends on the load-bearing capacity of their structures. The basic type of airfield pavements includes rigid pavements (elastic) made of cement concrete. The load-bearing capacity state of cement concrete airfield pavements are strongly impacted by concrete properties (physical, mechanical, rheological and resistance to environmental factors), as well as the condition and type of the subsoil directly under the evaluated pavement structure. Adopting an appropriate computational model for the evaluated structure, correct identification of the layers comprising the airfield pavement, accuracy of determining the technical parameters of materials sampled from the structure and a correct assessment of the load-bearing parameter of the subsoil directly under the assessed structure make the load-bearing end result expressed by a PCN index or the permissible number of air operations to be similar to actual conditions. The article presents the dependencies showing the impact of varying physico-mechanical parameters of concrete on the end results of the pavement load-bearing capacity.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Pawel Iwanowski. Analysis of Load Bearing Capacity of Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Construction in Relation to its’ Changes of Physico-Mechanical Parameters. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 603, 052055 .

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Krzysztof Blacha, Pawel Iwanowski. Analysis of Load Bearing Capacity of Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Construction in Relation to its’ Changes of Physico-Mechanical Parameters. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 603 (5):052055.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Pawel Iwanowski. 2019. "Analysis of Load Bearing Capacity of Cement Concrete Airfield Pavement’s Construction in Relation to its’ Changes of Physico-Mechanical Parameters." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 603, no. 5: 052055.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology
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The article presents the evaluation methodology of the load-bearing capacity of natural airfield pavements in compliance with the Military Standard NO-17-A503:2017. There was addressed the problem frequently occurring on airfields regarding the insufficient load-bearing capacity of natural pavements, which has a direct impact on the safety of air operations by the military and civil aircraft. The approach of the authors of the standard to the complex evaluation of the load-bearing capacity of natural airfield pavements on individual airfield functional elements was described. Moreover, minimum requirements were provided that must be fulfilled to ensure the safety of air operations on natural airfield pavements.

ACS Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Pietruszewski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. Evaluation of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Natural Airfield Pavements by Military Standard No-17-A503:2017. Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology 2018, 41, 5 -29.

AMA Style

Mariusz Wesołowski, Paweł Pietruszewski, Krzysztof Blacha, Paweł Iwanowski. Evaluation of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Natural Airfield Pavements by Military Standard No-17-A503:2017. Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology. 2018; 41 (1):5-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mariusz Wesołowski; Paweł Pietruszewski; Krzysztof Blacha; Paweł Iwanowski. 2018. "Evaluation of the Load-Bearing Capacity of Natural Airfield Pavements by Military Standard No-17-A503:2017." Research Works of Air Force Institute of Technology 41, no. 1: 5-29.

Review
Published: 15 May 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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The safety of traffic, including both road and air traffic on a ground manoeuvre area, depends on many factors. These mainly include the anti-slip properties of a road or airfield pavement on which the traffic takes place. The basic pavement parameter that determines its characteristics in terms of anti-slip properties is the skid resistance, which constitutes the ratio of the wheel downforce and the friction on the contact surface. There are currently many devices for continuous measurement of the skid resistance (Continuous Friction-Measuring Equipment - CFME) around the world. Most of them, in principle, do not vary much from one another. Most of the devices measure the measuring wheel's downforce on the pavement and the friction on the wheel-pavement contact surface. The skid resistance is the result of this measurement. The devices vary in many aspects, such as the type and size of the used measuring tyre, pavement-wheel slip or tyre pressure. This does not mean that the results obtained from various devices mbe directly compared. On the other hand, each device allows determining the pavement's anti-slip conditions in terms of the requirements specified for the given type of devices, thereby enabling pavement classification in these terms. The classification allows for comparing the results obtained from various measuring devices. The paper presents an overview of equipment used in Poland and around the world to measure the skid resistance on airfield pavements. The authors draw attention to the requirements for pavements in terms of their roughness, with division into road and airfield pavements.

ACS Style

Paweł Iwanowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Mariusz Wesołowski. Review of modern methods for continuous friction measurement on airfield pavements. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 356, 012002 .

AMA Style

Paweł Iwanowski, Krzysztof Blacha, Mariusz Wesołowski. Review of modern methods for continuous friction measurement on airfield pavements. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 356 (1):012002.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paweł Iwanowski; Krzysztof Blacha; Mariusz Wesołowski. 2018. "Review of modern methods for continuous friction measurement on airfield pavements." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 356, no. 1: 012002.

Conference paper
Published: 10 August 2017 in Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering"
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Immediately after completion airfield pavements begin a gradual deterioration that is attribute to several factors. One of the major elements contribute to airfield pavement deterioration is exposure to the environment (freezingthawing and de-icing salts). Air-voids microstructure in cement-based materials is an important feature related to the freeze-thaw durability of these materials since all the adverse influences are result of potentially harmful ionic fluids and aggressive gas transport through the concrete and the transport properties strongly depend on the morphology of the pores inside the concrete. For revealing the porous microstructure in airfield pavement concrete X-ray tomography method was used. New and advance methodologies have been developed to determine the basic parameters of air entrainment in concrete (total content of the air, specific surface area of the air-voids system, spacing factor and content of micropores) by summing the distances traversed across a given component along a series of regularly spaced lines in one or more planes intersecting the sample. Using the method mentioned above, to meet requirements of PN-EN 480-11 specification (describes procedure for microscopical determination of air voids characteristics in hardened concrete), the original software was applied – AVCT (Air Void by Computed Tomography) computer programme. The specimens for CT testing were cylinders extracted by drilling out from the investigated concrete core or cubic specimen. The CT method does not require any special processing of the surface of tested specimen as opposed the common method according to PN-EN 480-11, by which the properly polished section is a prerequisite for obtaining proper results of air voids characterization. The paper presents the results of the evaluation of air-voids microstructure in concrete conducted with the application of computed tomography method. Exemplary images of distribution and size of air-voids in concrete specimens have been presented. Special attention was paid to obtain effective image resolution.

ACS Style

Danuta Kowalska; Paweł Iwanowski; Agata Kowalewska; Agata Misztal. Determination of Parametres of the Air-Void System in Airfield Pavement Concrete Using Computed Tomography. Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Danuta Kowalska, Paweł Iwanowski, Agata Kowalewska, Agata Misztal. Determination of Parametres of the Air-Void System in Airfield Pavement Concrete Using Computed Tomography. Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering". 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danuta Kowalska; Paweł Iwanowski; Agata Kowalewska; Agata Misztal. 2017. "Determination of Parametres of the Air-Void System in Airfield Pavement Concrete Using Computed Tomography." Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" , no. : 1.