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Dr. Muhammad Farooq
University of Engineering and technology Lahore

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Bioenergy
0 Biofuels
0 Carbon Capture
0 Renewable and Sustainable Energy
0 CFD Simulations

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Short Biography

I am leading Energy Environment and Sustainability Research (EESR), which is working for the clean and green environment to save the mother earth. The EESR group expertise ranges from but not limited to preparation of novel adsorbents for carbon capture, Regeneration of adsorbents, gas clean-up systems, syn-gas technologies, waste to energy, energy management and planning environmental protection to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs). Currently, the group is collaborating with many national and international partners in different countries including UK, China, Australia, Italy, Turkey, Singapore and Germany, Greece and Spain. For more information, Please click 1. https://eesr.uet.edu.pk/ 2. http://uet.edu.pk/faculties/facultiesinfo/facultyinfo?fac_id=739

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Journal article
Published: 30 July 2021 in Applied Sciences
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In this investigation, biodiesel was produced from Moringa oleifera oil through a transesterification process at operating conditions including a reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst concentration of 1% wt., reaction time of 2 h, stirring speed of 1000 rpm and methanol to oil ratio of 8.50:1. Biodiesel blends, B10 and B20, were tested in a compression ignition engine, and the performance and emission characteristics were analyzed and compared with high-speed diesel. The engine was operated at full load conditions with engine speeds varying from 1000 rpm to 2400 rpm. All the performance and exhaust pollutants results were collected and analyzed. It was found that MOB10 produced lower BP (7.44%), BSFC (7.51%), and CO2 (7.7%). The MOB10 also reduced smoke opacity (24%) and HC (10.27%). Compared to diesel, MOB10 also increased CO (2.5%) and NOx (9%) emissions.

ACS Style

Manzoore Soudagar; Haris Khan; T. Khan; Luqman Razzaq; Tahir Asif; M. Mujtaba; Abrar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Waqar Ahmed; Kiran Shahapurkar; Azham Alwi; T. Ibrahim; Usama Ishtiaq; Ashraf Elfasakhany; Maughal Ali Baig; Mohammad Goodarzi; Mohammad Safaei. Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 7071 .

AMA Style

Manzoore Soudagar, Haris Khan, T. Khan, Luqman Razzaq, Tahir Asif, M. Mujtaba, Abrar Hussain, Muhammad Farooq, Waqar Ahmed, Kiran Shahapurkar, Azham Alwi, T. Ibrahim, Usama Ishtiaq, Ashraf Elfasakhany, Maughal Ali Baig, Mohammad Goodarzi, Mohammad Safaei. Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (15):7071.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manzoore Soudagar; Haris Khan; T. Khan; Luqman Razzaq; Tahir Asif; M. Mujtaba; Abrar Hussain; Muhammad Farooq; Waqar Ahmed; Kiran Shahapurkar; Azham Alwi; T. Ibrahim; Usama Ishtiaq; Ashraf Elfasakhany; Maughal Ali Baig; Mohammad Goodarzi; Mohammad Safaei. 2021. "Experimental Analysis of Engine Performance and Exhaust Pollutant on a Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine Operated Using Moringa Oleifera Biodiesel." Applied Sciences 11, no. 15: 7071.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Sustainability
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Pakistan is facing a severe energy crisis due to its heavy dependency on the import of costly fossil fuels, which ultimately leads to expansive electricity generation, a low power supply, and interruptive load shedding. In this regard, the utilization of available renewable energy resources within the country for production of electricity can lessen this energy crisis. Livestock waste/manure is considered the most renewable and abundant material for biogas generation. Pakistan is primarily an agricultural country, and livestock is widely kept by the farming community, in order to meet their needs. According to the 2016–2018 data on the livestock population, poultry held the largest share at 45.8%, followed by buffaloes (20.6%), cattle (12.7%), goats (10.8%), sheep (8.4%), asses (1.3%), camels (0.25%), horses (0.1%), and mules (0.05%). Different animals produce different amounts of manure, based upon their size, weight, age, feed, and type. The most manure is produced by cattle (10–20 kg/day), while poultry produce the least (0.08–0.1 kg/day). Large quantities of livestock manure are produced from each province of Pakistan; Punjab province was the highest contributor (51%) of livestock manure in 2018. The potential livestock manure production in Pakistan was 417.3 million tons (Mt) in 2018, from which 26,871.35 million m3 of biogas could be generated—with a production potential of 492.6 petajoules (PJ) of heat energy and 5521.5 MW of electricity. Due to its favorable conditions for biodigester technologies, and through the appropriate development of anaerobic digestion, the currently prevailing energy crises in Pakistan could be eliminated.

ACS Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability 2021, 13, 6751 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Muhammad Sultan, Ihsanullah Sohoo, Prakash Ghimire, Azlan Zahid, Abid Sarwar, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Peyman Abdeshahian, Maryam Yousaf. Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (12):6751.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Khan; Muhammad Ahmad; Muhammad Sultan; Ihsanullah Sohoo; Prakash Ghimire; Azlan Zahid; Abid Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Peyman Abdeshahian; Maryam Yousaf. 2021. "Biogas Production Potential from Livestock Manure in Pakistan." Sustainability 13, no. 12: 6751.

Article
Published: 15 May 2021 in Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry
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The need for fresh drinking water is increasing rapidly, and drinking water availability reduces day by day. Solar desalination is a viable option to change saltwater to fresh drinkable water. Solar still used for desalination includes processes like heating, evaporation, and condensation. The major problem faced by solar stills is that they have low productivity. Therefore, high demand for freshwater cannot be met. The present review aims to provide the researchers with an idea to select suitable methods for enhancing solar stills' performance. This article mainly focuses on the climatic, design, and operational parameters affecting the performance of solar stills. Results reveal that a combination of the incredible intensity of solar radiations, solar still type, and regions with optimum temperature can provide higher daily distillate output. Further, high productivity can be achieved with inclined solar stills by making an inclination angle equivalent to the location's latitude. A water depth of around 1 cm can provide the best output in terms of productivity for conventional solar stills. A combination of V-corrugated absorber plate with fins and energy storing materials coupled with external reflector plates can provide optimized conditions to enhance productivity. The performance of solar still can be improved by minimizing the gap between absorber plates and condensing cover. Finally, the sun tracking system, either single or dual axis in solar still, can enhance productivity.

ACS Style

Laxmikant D. Jathar; S. Ganesan; Kiran Shahapurkar; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; M. A. Mujtaba; Ali E. Anqi; Muhammad Farooq; Abdulqhadar Khidmatgar; Marjan Goodarzi; Mohammad Reza Safaei. Effect of various factors and diverse approaches to enhance the performance of solar stills: a comprehensive review. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry 2021, 1 -32.

AMA Style

Laxmikant D. Jathar, S. Ganesan, Kiran Shahapurkar, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, M. A. Mujtaba, Ali E. Anqi, Muhammad Farooq, Abdulqhadar Khidmatgar, Marjan Goodarzi, Mohammad Reza Safaei. Effect of various factors and diverse approaches to enhance the performance of solar stills: a comprehensive review. Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 2021; ():1-32.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Laxmikant D. Jathar; S. Ganesan; Kiran Shahapurkar; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; M. A. Mujtaba; Ali E. Anqi; Muhammad Farooq; Abdulqhadar Khidmatgar; Marjan Goodarzi; Mohammad Reza Safaei. 2021. "Effect of various factors and diverse approaches to enhance the performance of solar stills: a comprehensive review." Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , no. : 1-32.

Journal article
Published: 14 May 2021 in Energies
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This paper describes an ejector model for the prediction of on-design performance under available conditions. This is a direct method of calculating the optimal ejector performance (entrainment ratio or ER) without the need for iterative methods, which have been conventionally used. The values of three ejector efficiencies used to account for losses in the ejector are calculated by using a systematic approach (by employing CFD analysis) rather than the hit and trial method. Both experimental and analytical data from literature are used to validate the presented analytical model with good agreement for on-design performance. R245fa working fluid has been used for low-grade heat applications, and Engineering Equation Solver (EES) has been employed for simulating the proposed model. The presented model is suitable for integration with any thermal system model and its optimization because of its direct, non-iterative methodology. This model is a non-dimensional model and therefore requires no geometrical dimensions to be able to calculate ejector performance. The model has been validated against various experimental results, and the model is employed to generate the ejector performance curves for R245fa working fluid. In addition, system simulation results of the ejector refrigeration system (ERS) and combined cooling and power (CCP) system have been produced by using the proposed analytical model.

ACS Style

Fahid Riaz; Fu Yam; Muhammad Qyyum; Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Farooq; Poh Lee; Moonyong Lee. Direct Analytical Modeling for Optimal, On-Design Performance of Ejector for Simulating Heat-Driven Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 2819 .

AMA Style

Fahid Riaz, Fu Yam, Muhammad Qyyum, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Farooq, Poh Lee, Moonyong Lee. Direct Analytical Modeling for Optimal, On-Design Performance of Ejector for Simulating Heat-Driven Systems. Energies. 2021; 14 (10):2819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fahid Riaz; Fu Yam; Muhammad Qyyum; Muhammad Shahzad; Muhammad Farooq; Poh Lee; Moonyong Lee. 2021. "Direct Analytical Modeling for Optimal, On-Design Performance of Ejector for Simulating Heat-Driven Systems." Energies 14, no. 10: 2819.

Journal article
Published: 12 May 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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The burning of fossil fuels in power sectors for energy generating purposes and in agricultural country like Pakistan the residues of crops on large area of land are burnt every year that results in continuous addition of CO2 in environment. CO2 capture through solid based adsorbents is one of the best valued, echo friendly and techno-economic processes. The present research involves the development of activated carbons using five different waste biomass materials through single step chemical activation for effective CO2 adsorption, study of isosteric heat of adsorption and change in these values with a change in level of CO2 adsorbed. Chemical activation with single-step method was carried out to prepare the adsorbents. The samples were characterized and compared for the textural properties by recording isotherms of nitrogen adsorption at temperature of 77 K while CO2 adsorption curves at 273 K then at 298 K. SEM was brought into use to investigate morphological characters, surface morphology of activated carbons that confirms the presence of random micro-pores. Nonlinear density functional theory (NDLFT) strengthen the fact that CO2 adsorption depends upon the volume of pores. Samples have pore volume ranging from 0.11 cm3 to 0.44 cm3, whereas BET surface area values were observed from 439 m2/g up to 979 m2/g. Among the prepared activated carbons, the sample with date seeds as base material showed the uppermost uptake of 5.8 mmol/g at 273 K. Linear fitting of the curve between CO2 adsorbed and pore volume at a temperature of 273 K and 298 K with R2 values greater than 0.9 demonstrate the strong relation between pore volume, temperature and CO2 adsorbed. Isosteric heat of adsorption (IHA) values were found to be in the assortment of 44 KJ/mol with minimum value of 14.3 KJ/mol that decreases with increase of CO2 adsorption. High isosteric heat means strong interaction of CO2 molecules and prepared adsorbents. Obtained results confer base to use waste biomass materials for development of solid based adsorbents and use of these adsorbents in effective carbon capture applications to reduce the carbon footprints in the environment and avoid the waste burning of biomass residues.

ACS Style

Hamza Mumtaz; M. Farhan; M. Amjad; Fahid Riaz; Ali H. Kazim; M. Sultan; M. Farooq; M.A. Mujtaba; I. Hussain; M. Imran; Saqib Anwar; Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny; Farrukh A. Siddique; Stevan Armaković; Qasim Ali; Ijaz A. Chaudhry; Alberto Pettinau. Biomass waste utilization for adsorbent preparation in CO2 capture and sustainable environment applications. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 46, 101288 .

AMA Style

Hamza Mumtaz, M. Farhan, M. Amjad, Fahid Riaz, Ali H. Kazim, M. Sultan, M. Farooq, M.A. Mujtaba, I. Hussain, M. Imran, Saqib Anwar, Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny, Farrukh A. Siddique, Stevan Armaković, Qasim Ali, Ijaz A. Chaudhry, Alberto Pettinau. Biomass waste utilization for adsorbent preparation in CO2 capture and sustainable environment applications. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 46 ():101288.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hamza Mumtaz; M. Farhan; M. Amjad; Fahid Riaz; Ali H. Kazim; M. Sultan; M. Farooq; M.A. Mujtaba; I. Hussain; M. Imran; Saqib Anwar; Ahmed M. El-Sherbeeny; Farrukh A. Siddique; Stevan Armaković; Qasim Ali; Ijaz A. Chaudhry; Alberto Pettinau. 2021. "Biomass waste utilization for adsorbent preparation in CO2 capture and sustainable environment applications." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 46, no. : 101288.

Journal article
Published: 08 April 2021 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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Biodiesel and oxyhydrogen (HHO) gas have shown promising results in improving engine performance and emissions. In this work, the effects of HHO gas and 5% biodiesel blends (B5) and their combined use in a 315 cc diesel engine have been analyzed. Biodiesel is produced by base catalyzed transesterification and cleaned by emulsification. Its calculated cetane index (CCI) was 61.4. HHO gas is produced from electrolysis of concentrated potassium hydroxide solution. The use of 5% biodiesel blend resulted in a significant rise of 9.4% in the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and a maximum reduction of 8.19% in the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC). HHO enrichment of diesel and biodiesel at 2.81 L/min through the intake manifold improved the torque and power by an average of over 3%. HHO addition also improved the BTE of diesel by a maximum of 3.67%. The combination of high CCI biodiesel fuel and HHO creates a mixture that has shortened the ignition delay (ID) to the point that adverse effects were observed due to the premature combustion as shown by the average decrease in the BTE of 2.97% compared to B5. Thus, B5, on its own, is found to be the optimum fuel under these conditions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Muhammad Farooq; Khalid Javed; Aqsa Shabbir; Rehan Zahid; Sadaf Fatima; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Qasim Ali; Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry; A.E. Atabani. Impact of HHO gas enrichment and high purity biodiesel on the performance of a 315 cc diesel engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2021, 46, 19633 -19644.

AMA Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan, Ali Hussain Kazim, Muhammad Farooq, Khalid Javed, Aqsa Shabbir, Rehan Zahid, Sadaf Fatima, Muhammad Rohail Danish, Qasim Ali, Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry, A.E. Atabani. Impact of HHO gas enrichment and high purity biodiesel on the performance of a 315 cc diesel engine. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2021; 46 (37):19633-19644.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Muhammad Farooq; Khalid Javed; Aqsa Shabbir; Rehan Zahid; Sadaf Fatima; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Qasim Ali; Ijaz Ahmad Chaudhry; A.E. Atabani. 2021. "Impact of HHO gas enrichment and high purity biodiesel on the performance of a 315 cc diesel engine." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46, no. 37: 19633-19644.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2021 in Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis
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Energy densification of biomass is usually done by pelletizing the raw biomass and then its torrefaction to obtain clean fuel from renewable resources. The objective of this study is to compare the untorrefied and torrefied pellets of two agricultural biomass residues as cotton waste (CW) and wheat straws (WS) with the different mixing ratios i.e., 100:0, 75:25, 25:75, 50:50, 0:100, respectively. Torrefaction of the pure biomass and their blending pellets were performed at 300 °C in a tube furnace at a heating rate of 10 °C/min with a residence time of 30 min. Characterization of untorrefied pellets showed slightly increase in carbon contents and its energy contents enhancement due to densification of the biomass residue owing to pelletization. Furthermore, its blends showed higher carbon content with the addition of cotton waste. Moreover, mass and energy yield data and Van Krevelon plot showed that the torrefied pellets with high CW to WS ratio specified even more rise in carbon contents and energy value due to high rate of devolatilization of hemicelluloses in CW residue. Finally, torrefaction severity index revealed that CW dictates its high degree of degradation as compared to WS which is an indication of high rate of hydrogen and oxygen loss and resulting enhancement in carbon content. Experimental results showed increased values of carbon contents and energy contents, which shows significant synergistic effect of blending and torrefaction to produce carbon rich solid biofuel. As a result carbon contents and calorific value of blended 25% WS + 75%CW torrefied pellets increased from 41.5 % to 64.84 % and 18.322 MJ/Kg to 28.5 MJ/K g respectively, similarly energy yield and torrefaction index showed higher values of 91.67 % and 1.379 respectively compared to untorrefied pellets.

ACS Style

Rifat Mehdi; Naveed Raza; Salman Raza Naqvi; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Farooq; Khanh-Quang Tran. A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 2021, 156, 105125 .

AMA Style

Rifat Mehdi, Naveed Raza, Salman Raza Naqvi, Asif Hussain Khoja, M. Taqi Mehran, Muhammad Farooq, Khanh-Quang Tran. A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 2021; 156 ():105125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rifat Mehdi; Naveed Raza; Salman Raza Naqvi; Asif Hussain Khoja; M. Taqi Mehran; Muhammad Farooq; Khanh-Quang Tran. 2021. "A comparative assessment of solid fuel pellets production from torrefied agro-residues and their blends." Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis 156, no. : 105125.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Energy Reports
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With the increase in municipal-solid-waste (MSW) production, energy usage, and the curb of the landfill, it has developed the need of our society to use local MSW under the vision of waste-to-energy (WTE). WTE conversion is an environment-friendly way for disposing of MSW around the globe, in this study examining the usage of plastic, wood, and cloth for the refused derived fuels (RDFs) production. RDF is solitary of MSW energy yields, whose reliability and superiority are analysed in the current work. Three different RDFs had been assumed from diverse waste streams accessible at the plant site to propose the best RDF based on energy-efficiency. Plastics, wood, and cloth are the principal constituents in the method of occupied RDFs like RDF-I, RDF-II and RDF-III, respectively. The results demonstrated that the RDF-I holds a high amount of carbon as-well-as hydrogen content and adequate calorific value, which leads to a better fuel-quality and have better activation energy. Thermogravimetric analysis had shown, with the increase in the volatile matter fraction of RDFs, the retention time under the combustion atmosphere has remained increased accordingly and kinetic analysis showed the great activation energy value as compared to the other samples. Regarding all results, RDF-I was recommended to be a good option for energy applications and can be used as a fuel for numerous combustion reactions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Hamid Siddiqi; Xiao-Min Liu; Muhammad Asif Hussain; Tayyab Qureshi; Muhammad Waqas; Muhammad Farooq; Tanveer Iqbal; Saba Nawaz; Saher Nawaz. Evolution of kinetic and hydrothermal study of refused derived fuels: Thermo-gravimetric analysis. Energy Reports 2021, 7, 1757 -1764.

AMA Style

Muhammad Hamid Siddiqi, Xiao-Min Liu, Muhammad Asif Hussain, Tayyab Qureshi, Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Farooq, Tanveer Iqbal, Saba Nawaz, Saher Nawaz. Evolution of kinetic and hydrothermal study of refused derived fuels: Thermo-gravimetric analysis. Energy Reports. 2021; 7 ():1757-1764.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Hamid Siddiqi; Xiao-Min Liu; Muhammad Asif Hussain; Tayyab Qureshi; Muhammad Waqas; Muhammad Farooq; Tanveer Iqbal; Saba Nawaz; Saher Nawaz. 2021. "Evolution of kinetic and hydrothermal study of refused derived fuels: Thermo-gravimetric analysis." Energy Reports 7, no. : 1757-1764.

Short communication
Published: 22 March 2021 in Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
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Global Horizontal Irradiance (GHI), a component of solar radiation, is used to assess potential and estimate power output of solar thermal and PV applications. The reanalysis or analysis data are alternative to satellite data for solar resource assessment in places where latter is not available or costly, so there is need to evaluate their performance. The evaluation of estimated GHI (six-hourly data) from five global reanalysis and analysis datasets (NCEP-NCAR, NCEP-DOE, CFSR, NCEP-GFS and NCEP-FNL) is performed using annual, seasonal and monthly statistical analyses. The range of annual rMBE, rMAE, rRMSE and R is 13–41%, 23–41%, 44–66% and 0.938–0.965 respectively in the two inspected stations for all reanalysis and analysis datasets. Systematic errors were observed in estimated GHI which signifies need to apply bias correction to get data with acceptable uncertainty. Five bias correction methods based on Measure-Correlate-Predict, Linear-Adaptation (LA1 and LA2), CDF and Model Output Statistics (MOS) were applied to correct original GHI. The range of rMAE and rRMSE after bias-correction is 12–19% and 23–37% respectively for six-hourly data. The overall results of MOS method are best, followed by the linear-adaptation method. The corrected GHI from CFSR and NCEP-GFS datasets can be used for preliminary solar resource assessment.

ACS Style

Zia Ul Rehman Tahir; Muhammad Asim; Muhammad Azhar; Ghulam Moeenuddin; Muhammad Farooq. Correcting solar radiation from reanalysis and analysis datasets with systematic and seasonal variations. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 2021, 25, 100933 .

AMA Style

Zia Ul Rehman Tahir, Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Azhar, Ghulam Moeenuddin, Muhammad Farooq. Correcting solar radiation from reanalysis and analysis datasets with systematic and seasonal variations. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 2021; 25 ():100933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zia Ul Rehman Tahir; Muhammad Asim; Muhammad Azhar; Ghulam Moeenuddin; Muhammad Farooq. 2021. "Correcting solar radiation from reanalysis and analysis datasets with systematic and seasonal variations." Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 25, no. : 100933.

Journal article
Published: 05 March 2021 in Sustainability
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Poultry are one of the most vulnerable species of its kind once the temperature-humidity nexus is explored. This is so because the broilers lack sweat glands as compared to humans and undergo panting process to mitigate their latent heat (moisture produced in the body) in the air. As a result, moisture production inside poultry house needs to be maintained to avoid any serious health and welfare complications. Several strategies such as compressor-based air-conditioning systems have been implemented worldwide to attenuate the heat stress in poultry, but these are not economical. Therefore, this study focuses on the development of low-cost and environmentally friendly improved evaporative cooling systems (DEC, IEC, MEC) from the viewpoint of heat stress in poultry houses. Thermodynamic analysis of these systems was carried out for the climatic conditions of Multan, Pakistan. The results appreciably controlled the environmental conditions which showed that for the months of April, May, and June, the decrease in temperature by direct evaporative cooling (DEC), indirect evaporative cooling (IEC), and Maisotsenko-Cycle evaporative cooling (MEC) systems is 7–10 °C, 5–6.5 °C, and 9.5–12 °C, respectively. In case of July, August, and September, the decrease in temperature by DEC, IEC, and MEC systems is 5.5–7 °C, 3.5–4.5 °C, and 7–7.5 °C, respectively. In addition, drop in temperature-humidity index (THI) values by DEC, IEC, and MEC is 3.5–9 °C, 3–7 °C, and 5.5–10 °C, respectively for all months. Optimum temperature and relative humidity conditions are determined for poultry birds and thereby, systems’ performance is thermodynamically evaluated for poultry farms from the viewpoint of THI, temperature-humidity-velocity index (THVI), and thermal exposure time (ET). From the analysis, it is concluded that MEC system performed relatively better than others due to its ability of dew-point cooling and achieved THI threshold limit with reasonable temperature and humidity indexes.

ACS Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability 2021, 13, 2836 .

AMA Style

Khawar Shahzad, Muhammad Sultan, Muhammad Bilal, Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Farooq, Takahiko Miyazaki, Uzair Sajjad, Imran Ali, Muhammad Hussain. Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (5):2836.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Khawar Shahzad; Muhammad Sultan; Muhammad Bilal; Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Farooq; Takahiko Miyazaki; Uzair Sajjad; Imran Ali; Muhammad Hussain. 2021. "Experiments on Energy-Efficient Evaporative Cooling Systems for Poultry Farm Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Sustainability 13, no. 5: 2836.

Chapter
Published: 03 March 2021 in Cyberspace
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The most critical energy and environmental challenge that the developing countries are facing today is to minimize the dependence on fossil fuels. Carbon dioxide may prove to be of utmost significance as a solution of this issue through realization of carbon neutral energy cycle. Potentially, this could be achieved through the CO2 capture as the urgent response to ongoing climate change around the globe. Owing to the more than 39% increase in atmospheric CO2, the average global temperature has risen to 0.8 °C during the past century. According to an estimate, CO2 concentration in the atmosphere would reach to 1600 ppm almost, and the green-house gases emissions would also rise from 30 to 90% over the level of 2000 within next 10 years, i.e. by the end of 2030. CO2 is also deemed to intensify the contamination of CO, apart from its importance as GHG while both exist in the same gas. Hence, fears on GHG pollution have given rise to significant interest in developing the area of CO2 capture to tackle environmental and sustainability concerns. Increased CO2 causes stress on the earth's climate system, and carbon capture technology is one of the most viable approaches accepted so far for mitigating this stress. The commercial technologies are also used for carbon capture. Owing to the high production cost and consumption of resources, the regeneration of the different materials used for carbon capture remains a key problem. Used materials is yet to gain widespread use for carbon capture due to the energy penalty associated with regeneration of the adsorbents that is typically achieved via temperature swing adsorption (TSA) and/or pressure swing adsorption (PSA) with an estimated 25–40% energy penalty. In this chapter, critical study of these established techniques regarding significant challenges in terms of energy consumption, regeneration and operating costs will be analyzed. In addition, it includes cost-effective solutions in-situ regeneration of spent materials using electric potential swing desorption compared with the conventional methods of PSA and/or TSA for sustainable environment.

ACS Style

M. Farooq; M. E. M. Soudagar; M. Imran; M. Arslan; M. S. Tariq; A. Pettinau; J. M. Andresen. Carbon Capture for Sustainable Environment in Developing Countries. Cyberspace 2021, 525 -544.

AMA Style

M. Farooq, M. E. M. Soudagar, M. Imran, M. Arslan, M. S. Tariq, A. Pettinau, J. M. Andresen. Carbon Capture for Sustainable Environment in Developing Countries. Cyberspace. 2021; ():525-544.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Farooq; M. E. M. Soudagar; M. Imran; M. Arslan; M. S. Tariq; A. Pettinau; J. M. Andresen. 2021. "Carbon Capture for Sustainable Environment in Developing Countries." Cyberspace , no. : 525-544.

Book chapter
Published: 26 February 2021 in Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants
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This chapter provides an overview of the adequacy and feasibility of organic Rankine cycles and discusses various cycle configurations for harnessing geothermal energy. In addition to the conventional First Law of Thermodynamics analysis, a generalized methodology for the Second Law analysis and the exergoeconomic analysis for the geothermal organic Rankine cycle is explained. The detailed exergoeconomic modeling is illustrated by applying it to a simple organic Rankine cycle configuration for geothermal application. With the aid of exergoeconomic analysis, the total product cost is formulated and is taken as the objective function. Prior to the optimization, the evaporation temperature, the turbine inlet temperature, and the pinch point during the heat transfer were identified as the most influencing cycle parameters by a parametric investigation. The total product cost is subsequently minimized using the genetic algorithm with evaporating pressure and the pinch point as the independent parameters.

ACS Style

Muhammad Imran; Hafiz Ali Muhammad; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Farooq; Young-Jin Baik; Zabdur Rehman. Exergoeconomic optimization of a binary geothermal power plant. Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants 2021, 315 -326.

AMA Style

Muhammad Imran, Hafiz Ali Muhammad, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Farooq, Young-Jin Baik, Zabdur Rehman. Exergoeconomic optimization of a binary geothermal power plant. Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants. 2021; ():315-326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Imran; Hafiz Ali Muhammad; Farooq Sher; Muhammad Farooq; Young-Jin Baik; Zabdur Rehman. 2021. "Exergoeconomic optimization of a binary geothermal power plant." Thermodynamic Analysis and Optimization of Geothermal Power Plants , no. : 315-326.

Journal article
Published: 24 February 2021 in Energies
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Constructing the power curve of a power generation facility integrated with complex and large-scale industrial processes is a difficult task but can be accomplished using Industry 4.0 data analytics tools. This research attempts to construct the data-driven power curve of the generator installed at a 660 MW power plant by incorporating artificial intelligence (AI)-based modeling tools. The power produced from the generator is modeled by an artificial neural network (ANN)—a reliable data analytical technique of deep learning. Similarly, the R2.ai application, which belongs to the automated machine learning (AutoML) platform, is employed to show the alternative modeling methods in using the AI approach. Comparatively, the ANN performed well in the external validation test and was deployed to construct the generator’s power curve. Monte Carlo experiments comprising the power plant’s thermo-electric operating parameters and the Gaussian noise are simulated with the ANN, and thus the power curve of the generator is constructed with a 95% confidence interval. The performance curves of industrial systems and machinery based on their operational data can be constructed using ANNs, and the decisions driven by these performance curves could contribute to the Industry 4.0 vision of effective operation management.

ACS Style

Waqar Ashraf; Ghulam Uddin; Muhammad Farooq; Fahid Riaz; Hassan Ahmad; Ahmad Kamal; Saqib Anwar; Ahmed El-Sherbeeny; Muhammad Khan; Noman Hafeez; Arman Ali; Abdul Samee; Muhammad Naeem; Ahsaan Jamil; Hafiz Hassan; Muhammad Muneeb; Ijaz Chaudhary; Marcin Sosnowski; Jaroslaw Krzywanski. Construction of Operational Data-Driven Power Curve of a Generator by Industry 4.0 Data Analytics. Energies 2021, 14, 1227 .

AMA Style

Waqar Ashraf, Ghulam Uddin, Muhammad Farooq, Fahid Riaz, Hassan Ahmad, Ahmad Kamal, Saqib Anwar, Ahmed El-Sherbeeny, Muhammad Khan, Noman Hafeez, Arman Ali, Abdul Samee, Muhammad Naeem, Ahsaan Jamil, Hafiz Hassan, Muhammad Muneeb, Ijaz Chaudhary, Marcin Sosnowski, Jaroslaw Krzywanski. Construction of Operational Data-Driven Power Curve of a Generator by Industry 4.0 Data Analytics. Energies. 2021; 14 (5):1227.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqar Ashraf; Ghulam Uddin; Muhammad Farooq; Fahid Riaz; Hassan Ahmad; Ahmad Kamal; Saqib Anwar; Ahmed El-Sherbeeny; Muhammad Khan; Noman Hafeez; Arman Ali; Abdul Samee; Muhammad Naeem; Ahsaan Jamil; Hafiz Hassan; Muhammad Muneeb; Ijaz Chaudhary; Marcin Sosnowski; Jaroslaw Krzywanski. 2021. "Construction of Operational Data-Driven Power Curve of a Generator by Industry 4.0 Data Analytics." Energies 14, no. 5: 1227.

Journal article
Published: 19 February 2021 in Energies
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This study provides insights into the feasibility of a desiccant dehumidification-based Maisotsenko cycle evaporative cooling (M-DAC) system for greenhouse air-conditioning application. Conventional cooling techniques include direct evaporative cooling, refrigeration systems, and passive/active ventilation. which are commonly used in Pakistan; however, they are either not feasible due to their energy cost, or they cannot efficiently provide an optimum microclimate depending on the regions, the growing seasons, and the crop being cultivated. The M-DAC system was therefore proposed and evaluated as an alternative solution for air conditioning to achieve optimum levels of vapor pressure deficit (VPD) for greenhouse crop production. The objective of this study was to investigate the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system from the viewpoints of the temperature gradient, relative humidity level, VPD, and dehumidification gradient. Results showed that the standalone desiccant air-conditioning (DAC) system created maximum dehumidification gradient (i.e., 16.8 g/kg) and maximum temperature gradient (i.e., 8.4 °C) at 24.3 g/kg and 38.6 °C ambient air conditions, respectively. The DAC coupled with a heat exchanger (DAC+HX) created a temperature gradient nearly equal to ambient air conditions, which is not in the optimal range for greenhouse growing conditions. Analysis of the M-DAC system showed that a maximum air temperature gradient, i.e., 21.9 °C at 39.2 °C ambient air condition, can be achieved, and is considered optimal for most greenhouse crops. Results were validated with two microclimate models (OptDeg and Cft) by taking into account the optimality of VPD at different growth stages of tomato plants. This study suggests that the M-DAC system is a feasible method to be considered as an efficient solution for greenhouse air-conditioning under the climate conditions of Multan (Pakistan).

ACS Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies 2021, 14, 1097 .

AMA Style

Hadeed Ashraf, Muhammad Sultan, Redmond Shamshiri, Farrukh Abbas, Muhammad Farooq, Uzair Sajjad, Hafiz Md-Tahir, Muhammad Mahmood, Fiaz Ahmad, Yousaf Taseer, Aamir Shahzad, Badar Niazi. Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan). Energies. 2021; 14 (4):1097.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hadeed Ashraf; Muhammad Sultan; Redmond Shamshiri; Farrukh Abbas; Muhammad Farooq; Uzair Sajjad; Hafiz Md-Tahir; Muhammad Mahmood; Fiaz Ahmad; Yousaf Taseer; Aamir Shahzad; Badar Niazi. 2021. "Dynamic Evaluation of Desiccant Dehumidification Evaporative Cooling Options for Greenhouse Air-Conditioning Application in Multan (Pakistan)." Energies 14, no. 4: 1097.

Original research article
Published: 29 January 2021 in Frontiers in Materials
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The convective and conductive heat transfer between the solar collector and working fluids make photothermal performance limited, and result in a higher rate of heat loss from the surface of the conventional absorber to the surroundings. Direct absorption solar collectors (DASC) are a favorable alternative for their improved photothermal performance. In this study, a simulation based on the performance of a nanostructured solar collector has been carried out using TRNSYS. The connective and conductive heat transfer from direct solar collectors were improved by using nanofluids and three different nanostructured materials, CuO, GO, and ZnO, in this study. The analysis determines the outlet temperature of the working fluids that passed through the direct solar collector. The TRNSYS model consists of a direct solar collector and weather model for Lahore city, the simulations were performed for the whole year for 1,440 h. The stability of these nanostructured materials in the water was investigated by using a UV‐Vis spectrophotometer. Various performance parameters of direct solar collectors were determined, such as variation in outlet collector temperature and heat transfer rates. The numerical model is validated with experimental results. A maximum outlet temperature of 63°C was observed for GO-based nanofluids. The simulation results show that for the whole year, nanofluids improved the performance of direct solar collectors. Significant improvements in the heat transfer rate of 23.52, 21.11, and 15.09% were observed for the nanofluids based on nanostructures of CuO, ZnO, and GO respectively, as compared to water. These nanostructured energy materials are beneficial in solar-driven applications like solar desalination, solar water, and space heating.

ACS Style

Muhammad Zain; Muhammad Amjad; Muhammad Farooq; Zahid Anwar; Rabia Shoukat; Enio P. Bandarra Filho; Xiaoze Du. Performance Investigation of a Solar Thermal Collector Based on Nanostructured Energy Materials. Frontiers in Materials 2021, 7, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Zain, Muhammad Amjad, Muhammad Farooq, Zahid Anwar, Rabia Shoukat, Enio P. Bandarra Filho, Xiaoze Du. Performance Investigation of a Solar Thermal Collector Based on Nanostructured Energy Materials. Frontiers in Materials. 2021; 7 ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Zain; Muhammad Amjad; Muhammad Farooq; Zahid Anwar; Rabia Shoukat; Enio P. Bandarra Filho; Xiaoze Du. 2021. "Performance Investigation of a Solar Thermal Collector Based on Nanostructured Energy Materials." Frontiers in Materials 7, no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 January 2021 in Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments
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Worldwide attempts are being made to harness wasted heat or optimize the power systems by achieving the theoretical efficiency of the supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle. The heterogeneity and variable quality of scholarly data may challenge researchers of the field (S-CO2 power cycle) to survey all of the available information. This study is focused on scientometric analysis to provide deep insights into global research performance and the collaborative architectonical structure. It reveals the progressive research trend (2000–2019) of the Supercritical Carbon dioxide (S-CO2) power cycle and hotspot areas by considering various quantitative measures. The sophisticated altimetric model was employed to analyze scientific researches that originated from Scopus Elsevier and Web of Science. Quantitative measures include the contribution of countries, organizations, authors, funding agencies, and journals that were investigated and ranked. Moreover, a scientific mapping approach is applied to identifying the cross-connections of each quantitative measure. It is indicated that the S-CO2 power cycle focused research increased exponentially from 2010. National Natural Science Foundation of China, USA Department of Energy, and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities are leading sponsor agencies. USA Department of Energy, Xian Jiao Tong University, and Korea Advance Institute of Science and Technology are the most productive organizations. Similarly, Energy, Applied Thermal Engineering, and Energy Conversion and Management are top productive journals. At the same time, the USA, China, and South Korea are leading countries, and Lee, Jeong Ik Dai, Yiping Lee, and Jekyoung are the most dominating Authors in the S-CO2 power cycle technology developmental contributions. The core study areas include layout configuration with other power cycles, especially the Brayton cycle, optimization of operating conditions, and design of heat exchangers. S-CO2 higher condensation temperature and the need for cooling media below ambient conditions is the big challenge in hot geographic regions. Dynamic modeling with integrated optimization, the study on compactness, simplicity of the S-CO2 power configuration as well as improving condensation temperature could be more hotspot areas in future research.

ACS Style

Umair Sultan; Yangjun Zhang; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Imran; Alamgir Akhtar Khan; Weilin Zhuge; Tariq Amin Khan; Muhammad Hummayun Yousaf; Qasim Ali. Qualitative assessment and global mapping of supercritical CO2 power cycle technology. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 2021, 43, 100978 .

AMA Style

Umair Sultan, Yangjun Zhang, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Imran, Alamgir Akhtar Khan, Weilin Zhuge, Tariq Amin Khan, Muhammad Hummayun Yousaf, Qasim Ali. Qualitative assessment and global mapping of supercritical CO2 power cycle technology. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. 2021; 43 ():100978.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umair Sultan; Yangjun Zhang; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Imran; Alamgir Akhtar Khan; Weilin Zhuge; Tariq Amin Khan; Muhammad Hummayun Yousaf; Qasim Ali. 2021. "Qualitative assessment and global mapping of supercritical CO2 power cycle technology." Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 43, no. : 100978.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Thermal Science
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Recent developments in converting the thermal energy of exhaust gasses of auto-mobiles into electric power directly, require an extensive simulation and design of appropriate TEG system. This work aims to create a physical model of engine exhaust system using Simscape language to simulate waste heat recovery from the exhaust gasses using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide, SnSe, TE material. This particular material exhibits a high Seebeck coefficient and extremely low lattice thermal conductivity in power generation because of phonons scattering by the rattlers (Na, K atoms) and nanostructuring. In the MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, a transient simulation is done for the recovery of waste heat from a 1.5 liters engine using these specific material-based TE modules. According to the results obtained, at the temperature gradient of 285 K across its sides, electrical power of 10.4 W with a conversion efficiency of almost 5% is produced from one module. The total system output power was 477 W at the exhaust gas inlet temperature of 900 K to the octagonal HEx on which the modules are mounted.

ACS Style

Muhammad Irfan Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Jawad Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Aqsa Shabbir. Thermoelectric waste heat recovery of an automotive internal combustion engine using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide (SnSe). Thermal Science 2021, 25, 407 -419.

AMA Style

Muhammad Irfan Khan, Ali Hussain Kazim, Ghulam Moeen Uddin, Jawad Sarwar, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Rohail Danish, Aqsa Shabbir. Thermoelectric waste heat recovery of an automotive internal combustion engine using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide (SnSe). Thermal Science. 2021; 25 (1 Part A):407-419.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Irfan Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Ghulam Moeen Uddin; Jawad Sarwar; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Aqsa Shabbir. 2021. "Thermoelectric waste heat recovery of an automotive internal combustion engine using (Na, K) co-doped polycrystalline tin selenide (SnSe)." Thermal Science 25, no. 1 Part A: 407-419.

Journal article
Published: 18 November 2020 in Energies
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There is a burden of adequate energy supply for meeting demand and reducing emission to avoid the average global temperature of above 2 °C of the pre-industrial era. Therefore, this study presents the exergoeconomic and environmental analysis of a proposed integrated multi-generation plant (IMP), with supplemental biomass-based syngas firing. An in-service gas turbine plant, fired by natural gas, was retrofitted with a gas turbine (GT), steam turbine (ST), organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for cooling and power production, a modified Kalina cycle (KC) for power production and cooling, and a vapour absorption system (VAB) for cooling. The overall network, energy efficiency, and exergy efficiency of the IMP were estimated at 183 MW, 61.50% and 44.22%, respectively. The specific emissions were estimated at 122.2, 0.222, and 3.0 × 10−7 kg/MWh for CO2, NOx, and CO, respectively. Similarly, the harmful fuel emission factor, and newly introduced sustainability indicators—exergo-thermal index (ETI) and exergetic utility exponent (EUE)—were obtained as 0.00067, 0.675, and 0.734, respectively. The LCC of $1.58 million was obtained, with a payback of 4 years, while the unit cost of energy was estimated at 0.0166 $/kWh. The exergoeconomic factor and the relative cost difference of the IMP were obtained as 50.37% and 162.38%, respectively. The optimum operating parameters obtained by a genetic algorithm gave the plant’s total cost rate of 125.83 $/hr and exergy efficiency of 39.50%. The proposed system had the potential to drive the current energy transition crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic shock in the energy sector.

ACS Style

Fidelis. Abam; Ogheneruona Diemuodeke; Ekwe. Ekwe; Mohammed Alghassab; Olusegun Samuel; Zafar Khan; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Farooq. Exergoeconomic and Environmental Modeling of Integrated Polygeneration Power Plant with Biomass-Based Syngas Supplemental Firing. Energies 2020, 13, 6018 .

AMA Style

Fidelis. Abam, Ogheneruona Diemuodeke, Ekwe. Ekwe, Mohammed Alghassab, Olusegun Samuel, Zafar Khan, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Farooq. Exergoeconomic and Environmental Modeling of Integrated Polygeneration Power Plant with Biomass-Based Syngas Supplemental Firing. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):6018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fidelis. Abam; Ogheneruona Diemuodeke; Ekwe. Ekwe; Mohammed Alghassab; Olusegun Samuel; Zafar Khan; Muhammad Imran; Muhammad Farooq. 2020. "Exergoeconomic and Environmental Modeling of Integrated Polygeneration Power Plant with Biomass-Based Syngas Supplemental Firing." Energies 13, no. 22: 6018.

Journal article
Published: 13 November 2020 in Energies
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In this study, waste cooking oil (WCO) was used as a feedstock for biodiesel production, where the pretreatment of WCO was performed using mineral acids to reduce the acid value. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to create an interaction for different operating parameters that affect biodiesel yield. The optimised biodiesel yield was 93% at a reaction temperature of 57.50 °C, catalyst concentration 0.25 w/w, methanol to oil ratio 8.50:1, reaction stirring speed 600 rpm, and a reaction time of 3 h. Physicochemical properties, including lower heating value, density, viscosity, cloud point, and flash point of biodiesel blends, were determined using American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards. Biodiesel blends B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50 were tested on a compression ignition engine. Engine performance parameters, including brake torque (BT), brake power (BP), brake thermal efficiency (BTE), and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) were determined using biodiesel blends and compared to that of high-speed diesel. The average BT reduction for biodiesel blends compared to HSD at 3000 rpm were found to be 1.45%, 2%, 2.2%, 3.09%, and 3.5% for B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50, respectively. The average increase in BSFC for biodiesel blends compared to HSD at 3500 rpm were found to be 1.61%, 5.73%, 8.8%, 12.76%, and 18% for B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50, respectively.

ACS Style

Luqman Razzaq; Shahid Imran; Zahid Anwar; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas; Haris Mehmood Khan; Tahir Asif; Muhammad Amjad; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; Nabeel Shaukat; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; S. M. Ashrafur Rahman. Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Energies 2020, 13, 5941 .

AMA Style

Luqman Razzaq, Shahid Imran, Zahid Anwar, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas, Haris Mehmood Khan, Tahir Asif, Muhammad Amjad, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar, Nabeel Shaukat, I. M. Rizwanul Fattah, S. M. Ashrafur Rahman. Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel. Energies. 2020; 13 (22):5941.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luqman Razzaq; Shahid Imran; Zahid Anwar; Muhammad Farooq; Muhammad Mujtaba Abbas; Haris Mehmood Khan; Tahir Asif; Muhammad Amjad; Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar; Nabeel Shaukat; I. M. Rizwanul Fattah; S. M. Ashrafur Rahman. 2020. "Maximising Yield and Engine Efficiency Using Optimised Waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel." Energies 13, no. 22: 5941.

Research article
Published: 11 November 2020 in Advances in Mechanical Engineering
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Biodiesel, a biodegradable, highly oxygenated and renewable energy resource, is produced by esterification of vegetable oils. This work focuses on using electrolytic separation and emulsification to produce purer biodiesel having high cetane index of 61.4. Vegetable oil mixture is used as feedstock. Maximum production yield is 84%. The decrease in engine peak torque was minimum for B5 at 1.94% while maximum decrease was for B20. B5 show a slight increase in power while B20 and B50 show significant drop. For all test speeds, B50 shows higher efficiency than all test fuels however the BSFC was significantly higher than diesel until 88.8% of the maximum engine speed. The maximum increase in brake thermal efficiency for B5 is found to be 2.09% which is 7.9% more than diesel at 2000 rpm. A significant increase of maximum 3.719% in brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) is observed. Maximum reduction in CO emissions is 53.3% for B50 at 2250 rpm accompanied with a maximum average drop in HCs of 74.4%. The variation in the NOx is insignificant. B5 is found to be the most effective blend for both maintaining the engine performance and improving the engine emissions.

ACS Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Aqsa Shabbir; Muhammad Farooq; Haroon Farooq; Qasim Ali; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Nabeel Shahid Qureshi; Hamza Abdul Rab. Performance and emission analysis of high purity biodiesel blends in diesel engine. Advances in Mechanical Engineering 2020, 12, 1 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan, Ali Hussain Kazim, Aqsa Shabbir, Muhammad Farooq, Haroon Farooq, Qasim Ali, Muhammad Rohail Danish, Nabeel Shahid Qureshi, Hamza Abdul Rab. Performance and emission analysis of high purity biodiesel blends in diesel engine. Advances in Mechanical Engineering. 2020; 12 (11):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Bilal Khan; Ali Hussain Kazim; Aqsa Shabbir; Muhammad Farooq; Haroon Farooq; Qasim Ali; Muhammad Rohail Danish; Nabeel Shahid Qureshi; Hamza Abdul Rab. 2020. "Performance and emission analysis of high purity biodiesel blends in diesel engine." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 11: 1.