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The ability of aquatic organisms to sense the surrounding environment chemically and interpret such signals correctly is crucial for their ecological niche and survival. Although it is an oversimplification of the ecological interactions, we could consider that a significant part of the decisions taken by organisms are, to some extent, chemically driven. Accordingly, chemical contamination might interfere in the way organisms behave and interact with the environment. Just as any environmental factor, contamination can make a habitat less attractive or even unsuitable to accommodate life, conditioning to some degree the decision of organisms to stay in, or move from, an ecosystem. If we consider that contamination is not always spatially homogeneous and that many organisms can avoid it, the ability of contaminants to repel organisms should also be of concern. Thus, in this critical review, we have discussed the dual role of contamination: toxicity (disruption of the physiological and behavioral homeostasis) vs. repellency (contamination-driven changes in spatial distribution/habitat selection). The discussion is centered on methodologies (forced exposure against non-forced multi-compartmented exposure systems) and conceptual improvements (individual stress due to the toxic effects caused by a continuous exposure against contamination-driven spatial distribution). Finally, we propose an approach in which Stress and Landscape Ecology could be integrated with each other to improve our understanding of the threat contaminants represent to aquatic ecosystems.
Cristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics 2020, 8, 118 .
AMA StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo, Abdelmourhit Laissaoui, Daniel C. V. R. Silva, Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez, Enrique González-Ortegón, Evaldo L. G. Espíndola, Francisco Baldó, Freylan Mena, Gema Parra, Julián Blasco, Julio López-Doval, Marta Sendra, Mohamed Banni, Mohammed Ariful Islam, Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment? Toxics. 2020; 8 (4):118.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristiano V. M. Araújo; Abdelmourhit Laissaoui; Daniel C. V. R. Silva; Eloisa Ramos-Rodríguez; Enrique González-Ortegón; Evaldo L. G. Espíndola; Francisco Baldó; Freylan Mena; Gema Parra; Julián Blasco; Julio López-Doval; Marta Sendra; Mohamed Banni; Mohammed Ariful Islam; Ignacio Moreno-Garrido. 2020. "Not Only Toxic but Repellent: What Can Organisms’ Responses Tell Us about Contamination and What Are the Ecological Consequences When They Flee from an Environment?" Toxics 8, no. 4: 118.
Gema Parra. Short term fluctuations of zooplankton abundance during autumn circulation in two reserwoirs with contrasting trophic state. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGema Parra. Short term fluctuations of zooplankton abundance during autumn circulation in two reserwoirs with contrasting trophic state. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra. 2020. "Short term fluctuations of zooplankton abundance during autumn circulation in two reserwoirs with contrasting trophic state." , no. : 1.
Luciana Gomes Barbosa; Cihelio A. Amorim; Gema Parra; Jorge Laço Portinho; Manuela Morais; Eduardo A. Morales; Rosemberg Fernandes Menezes. Advances in limnological research in Earth's drylands. Inland Waters 2020, 10, 429 -437.
AMA StyleLuciana Gomes Barbosa, Cihelio A. Amorim, Gema Parra, Jorge Laço Portinho, Manuela Morais, Eduardo A. Morales, Rosemberg Fernandes Menezes. Advances in limnological research in Earth's drylands. Inland Waters. 2020; 10 (4):429-437.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuciana Gomes Barbosa; Cihelio A. Amorim; Gema Parra; Jorge Laço Portinho; Manuela Morais; Eduardo A. Morales; Rosemberg Fernandes Menezes. 2020. "Advances in limnological research in Earth's drylands." Inland Waters 10, no. 4: 429-437.
Since aquatic ecosystems receive runoff of most anthropogenic pollutants, risk assessment tools and protocols have been developed in order to protect them. However, most ecological risk assessments focus on the study of single species exposed to a single chemical, overlooking the environmental reality of multiple chemical exposures and stresses over generations. To advance in realistic predictions of population and community changes, the environmental disturbance history should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate how environmental disturbance history (continuous expected sublethal exposure to one chemical for several generations) determines populations’ responses to another stressors. The experiments were performed with Daphnia magna as model organisms. To create a disturbance history, dimethoate was used as first stressor at two different concentrations: medium (0.089 mg·L-1) and high (0.89 mg·L-1). The population exposed to medium concentration (“vulnerable population”) showed no differences from the control population in the selected parameters (body size and reproductive success). Our interest in the vulnerable population was to determine whether, after a first stressor, the detected non-effect hides a population impairment, which might undermine populations’ responses to future stressors. After 4 generations under dimethoate exposure, the vulnerable D. magna population was exposed to a second chemical stressor (glyphosate) and an environmental stressor (food scarcity) as compared to control. The vulnerable population showed both less resistance to glyphosate and less resistance to starvation, corroborating the hypothesis that a disturbance history of continuous expected sublethal chemical exposures undermines populations’ responses to further chemical and environmental stressors.
María Eugenia López-Valcárcel; Gema Parra; Ana del Arco. Environmental disturbance history undermines population responses to cope with anthropogenic and environmental stressors. Chemosphere 2020, 262, 128373 .
AMA StyleMaría Eugenia López-Valcárcel, Gema Parra, Ana del Arco. Environmental disturbance history undermines population responses to cope with anthropogenic and environmental stressors. Chemosphere. 2020; 262 ():128373.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaría Eugenia López-Valcárcel; Gema Parra; Ana del Arco. 2020. "Environmental disturbance history undermines population responses to cope with anthropogenic and environmental stressors." Chemosphere 262, no. : 128373.
The technologies of anthropogenic CO2 mitigation, such as carbon capture and sequestration, may pose an environmental threat to aquatic systems. In a scenario of CO2 leakage from a carbon capture and sequestration process, very low-pH values might be reached and could remain over time. The main objective of this study was to detect how an abrupt lowering of pH would affect the microalgae Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera at physiological, morphological and population levels, and also see how these effects could lead to ecological consequences. Monospecific and mixed culture experiments were run according to this purpose over 14 days and at a pH of 6.5, controlled by CO2 injection. An increased CO2 concentration significantly enhanced the growth rate of both species and especially affected the cell size of C. pyrenoidifera in the monoculture. The total biovolume of C. pyrenoidifera was higher than the total biovolume of S. obliquus in the control treatment, although neither of the two species were dominant in the culture experiments. Granularity responded in different ways for the species studied, being statistically different within subjects in monospecific and mixed culture experiments. Only chlorophyll and granularity have been significantly correlated in the low pH of C. pyrenoidifera monoculture. Due to its ecological relevance, the decreased colony formation ability of S. obliquus under a high CO2 concentration is highlighted.
Gema Parra. An abrupt CO2-mediated decrease in pH affects growth rates, cellular features and the interspecific interaction of Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleGema Parra. An abrupt CO2-mediated decrease in pH affects growth rates, cellular features and the interspecific interaction of Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra. 2020. "An abrupt CO2-mediated decrease in pH affects growth rates, cellular features and the interspecific interaction of Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus and Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera." , no. : 1.
If anthropogenic CO2 emissions are maintained at the current rate, the pH of freshwater ecosystems will drop by 0.2–0.3 pH units by the year 2100, which will have great effects on aquatic biota. The impact of acidification on the ostracod species Cypridopsis vidua as a model organism has been studied. To provide the best rearing conditions, a preliminary experiment with different food concentrations was performed. Cypridopsis vidua reached higher survival under the established experimental conditions when reared with 1.5 × 106 cells of Scenedesmus obliquus per ostracod. Two CO2-driven acidification experiments were designed: the first, an acute experiment (96 hours) pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0 and 8.3 showed that at low pH the survival rate decreased by more than 90%. The second was a chronic experiment (21 days) pH 7.3, 7.8 and 8.3 with a sharp decrease (60%) in reproduction rate and effects on phototactic behaviour at low pH. Abbreviations: CCAP: culture collection of algae and protozoa (in the Scottish Association for Marine Science); CR1: chronic test at medium pH (7.78 ± 0.11); CR2: chronic test at low pH (7.30 ± 0.16); GLM: generalized linear model; IPCC: intergovernmental panel on climate change; LT: lethal time; TA: total alkalinity; pCO2: partial pressure of carbon dioxide; PI: phototactic index; R0: treatment in starvation (no food); R1: low food concentration treatment (7.5 × 105 cell per individual); R2: optimal food concentration treatment (1.5 × 106 cell per individual); R3: high food concentration treatment (3.0 × 106 cell per individual); UTM: universal transverse mercator (coordinate system); YSI: yellow spring instruments
Gema Parra; David Steven Espinoza-Villalobos. Effects of CO2-driven acidification on the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua: what are its likely environmental consequences? Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 2020, 102, 284 -301.
AMA StyleGema Parra, David Steven Espinoza-Villalobos. Effects of CO2-driven acidification on the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua: what are its likely environmental consequences? Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry. 2020; 102 (5-6):284-301.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra; David Steven Espinoza-Villalobos. 2020. "Effects of CO2-driven acidification on the ostracod Cypridopsis vidua: what are its likely environmental consequences?" Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 102, no. 5-6: 284-301.
Growth rate (GR), esterase activity (EA), membrane potential (MP), and DNA content were measured by flow cytometry to test if this powerful tool could be included in risk assessment and monitoring programs. This study tests a battery of endpoints that were measured on Scenedesmus (Acutodesmus) obliquus as model species, under high levels of injected CO2 to be proposed as biomarkers of effect. New technologies such as carbon capture and storage (CCS) bring positive consequences on CO2 mitigation strategies but also could have negative consequences if a CO2 leakage occurs during injection. Under this scenario, pH might drop down to 4 pH units around the pipe where the leakage happens. The study focus on to ascertain if the endpoints fulfill the requirements such as sensitiveness, be timely and cost‐effective, be easy to measure and interpret, and be nondestructive, valuable attributes in effective biomarkers. CO2 injected at high levels significantly affects the EA, the membrane polarization, as well as GRs. However the DNA content did not shown a clear response under this condition. In conclusion, the GR, the EA, and the MP analyzed by flow cytometry fulfilled the attributes mentioned above and are proposed as biomarkers of effect in CCS monitoring programs. © 2020 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Andréa Galotti; Francisco Jiménez‐Gómez; Gema Parra. Flow Cytometry Assessment of Microalgae Physiological Alterations under CO 2 Injection. Cytometry Part A 2020, 97, 1136 -1144.
AMA StyleAndréa Galotti, Francisco Jiménez‐Gómez, Gema Parra. Flow Cytometry Assessment of Microalgae Physiological Alterations under CO 2 Injection. Cytometry Part A. 2020; 97 (11):1136-1144.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAndréa Galotti; Francisco Jiménez‐Gómez; Gema Parra. 2020. "Flow Cytometry Assessment of Microalgae Physiological Alterations under CO 2 Injection." Cytometry Part A 97, no. 11: 1136-1144.
In order to achieve a sustainable society, a citizen must be supported in overcoming any important gaps or challenges. Preparing people for Environmental Citizenship and Education for Sustainability shows coincidences in some dimensions and differences in others. However, within its definition, Environmental Citizenship has a strong emphasis on the environmental dimension of sustainability and on civic engagement in the private, social and political sphere. Environmental Citizens are able to exercise their environmental rights and duties, are able to identify the underlying structural causes of environmental degradation and environmental problems and have the willingness and the competences to address critical and active engagements. They act individually and collectively within democratic means, and consider inter- and intra-generational justice. Education for Environmental Citizenship is relevant because it can strengthen the achievement of sustainability goals through a more active civic participation. Education for Environmental Citizenship needs to develop the dispositions, skills and competencies that will enable students to reach this level of environmental awareness with wider spatial and temporal scopes, using specific educational approaches and methodologies that promote these qualities in individuals. Robust Education for Environmental Citizenship to enhance governance skills can contribute to the effective safeguarding of the environment as a holistic entity that encompasses natural, societal and economic dimensions.
Gema Parra; Ralph Hansmann; Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis; Daphne Goldman; Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi; Per Sund; Louise Sund; Niklas Gericke; Daniela Conti. Education for Environmental Citizenship and Education for Sustainability. Environmental Discourses in Science Education 2020, 149 -160.
AMA StyleGema Parra, Ralph Hansmann, Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis, Daphne Goldman, Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Per Sund, Louise Sund, Niklas Gericke, Daniela Conti. Education for Environmental Citizenship and Education for Sustainability. Environmental Discourses in Science Education. 2020; ():149-160.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra; Ralph Hansmann; Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis; Daphne Goldman; Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi; Per Sund; Louise Sund; Niklas Gericke; Daniela Conti. 2020. "Education for Environmental Citizenship and Education for Sustainability." Environmental Discourses in Science Education , no. : 149-160.
Non-formal education is an integral component to lifelong learning and its aim is for young people and adults to acquire and maintain the skills and competencies necessary to adapt to a continuously changing environment. Non-formal education implements different learning activities and is supplementary to formal education, taking place outside, but supplementary, to the formal educational system. From the conception and throughout the ongoing evolution of environmental education, non-formal education has been identified as an important framework for conducting Environmental Education and Education for Sustainability. Therefore, non-formal settings for secondary education level can contribute to Education for Environmental Citizenship by providing the opportunity and conditions that enable young people to acquire the body of knowledge as well as the skills, values, attitudes and pro-environmental actions necessary to become an Environmental Citizen. In addition, an Environmental Citizen is empowered and motivated to participate in society as an agent-of-change in the direction of solving contemporary environmental problems, preventing the creation of new ones, and achieving sustainability and restoring our (human) relationships with nature. Pedagogies including place-based education, civic ecology education, ecojustice pedagogy, action competence and socio-scientific inquiry-based learning can contribute to building students’ competencies for the deep civic participation necessary to realise environmental and social change. However, due to the novelty of the concept, the lack of a complete pedagogical framework for Education in Environmental Citizenship in non-formal settings presents a major challenge.
Demetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi; Daphne Goldman; Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis; Gema Parra; Katharina Lapin; Marie-Christine Knippels; Frans Van Dam. Educating for Environmental Citizenship in Non-formal Frameworks for Secondary Level Youth. Environmental Discourses in Science Education 2020, 213 -235.
AMA StyleDemetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi, Daphne Goldman, Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis, Gema Parra, Katharina Lapin, Marie-Christine Knippels, Frans Van Dam. Educating for Environmental Citizenship in Non-formal Frameworks for Secondary Level Youth. Environmental Discourses in Science Education. 2020; ():213-235.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDemetra Paraskeva-Hadjichambi; Daphne Goldman; Andreas Ch. Hadjichambis; Gema Parra; Katharina Lapin; Marie-Christine Knippels; Frans Van Dam. 2020. "Educating for Environmental Citizenship in Non-formal Frameworks for Secondary Level Youth." Environmental Discourses in Science Education , no. : 213-235.
In the present study the model isopod, Cyathura carinata were exposed to four pHNIST treatments (control: 7.9; 7.5, 7, 6.5) in order to determine the tolerance and pH threshold value this estuarine species withstand under future acidification scenarios. Seawater acidification significantly affected the lifespan of C. carinata, where population density was remarkably reduced at the lowest pH treatment. The longevity, survivorship and swimming activity (related to the acquisition of energy) of these isopods decreased with decreasing pH. Furthermore, to determine the possible metabolic plasticity of this species, the swimming activity, the Na+/K + -ATPase activity (relevant for osmoregulation process), and the RNA:DNA ratio (an indicator of fitness) were measure from two populations of C. carinata, one inhabiting a stable environment (pHNIST 7.5-8.0) and one inhabiting a fluctuating pCO2 regimes (pH 3.3-8.5) subjected to three pH treatments (7.9, 7.0 and 6.5). The population from high fluctuating pCO2 conditions showed capacity to withstand to pH 6.5, as well as higher longevity and metabolic plasticity, when compared with the population from the habitat with slight pCO2 variation. These results indicate that Cyathura population from stable environments could be vulnerable to ocean acidification because it could trigger detrimental effects on its survival energy budget, and growth. However, ocean acidification has limited effect on the energy budget and survival of C. carinata population from highly variable habitats, suggesting that they are able to cope with the elevated energy demand. The difference showed between populations is likely an indication of genetic differentiation in tolerance to ocean acidification, possibly attributable to local adaptations, which could provide the raw material necessary for adaptation to future conditions. In addition, our results suggest that when assessing marine crustacean responses to changing environments on a global scale, variability in population and metabolic responses need to be considered.
M. Conradi; J.E. Sánchez-Moyano; M.K.A. Bhuiyan; Araceli Rodriguez-Romero; A. Galotti; M.D. Basallote; A. DelValls; G. Parra; I. Riba. Intraspecific variation in the response of the estuarine European isopod Cyathura carinata (Krøyer, 1847) to ocean acidification. Science of The Total Environment 2019, 683, 134 -145.
AMA StyleM. Conradi, J.E. Sánchez-Moyano, M.K.A. Bhuiyan, Araceli Rodriguez-Romero, A. Galotti, M.D. Basallote, A. DelValls, G. Parra, I. Riba. Intraspecific variation in the response of the estuarine European isopod Cyathura carinata (Krøyer, 1847) to ocean acidification. Science of The Total Environment. 2019; 683 ():134-145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Conradi; J.E. Sánchez-Moyano; M.K.A. Bhuiyan; Araceli Rodriguez-Romero; A. Galotti; M.D. Basallote; A. DelValls; G. Parra; I. Riba. 2019. "Intraspecific variation in the response of the estuarine European isopod Cyathura carinata (Krøyer, 1847) to ocean acidification." Science of The Total Environment 683, no. : 134-145.
The effects of CO2-related acidification on two crustacean populations, the isopod Cyathura carinata and the amphipod Elasmopus rapax, were studied. Three pH levels were tested: artificial seawater without CO2 injection and two levels of reduced pH. Even though RNA:DNA ratio was reduced for both species, no statistical significant differences were found between the control and the treatments. Both species experienced a reduction in survivorship, longevity and the body length of surviving animals; although the impairment observed in E. rapax was more severe than in C. carinata. The long life span isopod and the short life span amphipod experienced a high degree of impairment in the reproduction, likely due to the reallocation of resources from reproduction to body maintenance and increasing survival by postponing the brood production. Regardless of the underlying processes and the energetic pathways, both experienced failure to reproduce, which could lead to the local extinction of these species.
M. Conradi; J.E. Sánchez-Moyano; A. Galotti; F. Jiménez-Gómez; R. Jiménez-Melero; F. Guerrero; G. Parra; E. Bonnail; T.á. DelValls. CO2 leakage simulation: Effects of the decreasing pH to the survival and reproduction of two crustacean species. Marine Pollution Bulletin 2019, 143, 33 -41.
AMA StyleM. Conradi, J.E. Sánchez-Moyano, A. Galotti, F. Jiménez-Gómez, R. Jiménez-Melero, F. Guerrero, G. Parra, E. Bonnail, T.á. DelValls. CO2 leakage simulation: Effects of the decreasing pH to the survival and reproduction of two crustacean species. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 2019; 143 ():33-41.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Conradi; J.E. Sánchez-Moyano; A. Galotti; F. Jiménez-Gómez; R. Jiménez-Melero; F. Guerrero; G. Parra; E. Bonnail; T.á. DelValls. 2019. "CO2 leakage simulation: Effects of the decreasing pH to the survival and reproduction of two crustacean species." Marine Pollution Bulletin 143, no. : 33-41.
Chemicals do not occur alone in the environment but most ecotoxicological assessments target the effect of single chemicals on aquatic communities and the establishment of legal limits is based on them. The present study assesses how plankton communities respond to single and mixture treatments of copper sulphate and ammonium nitrate where both agrochemical concentrations are below legal limits. Twenty-five microcosms were used to assess the effects of four treatments (n = 5): (1) low nitrate (L) of 25 mg L−1; (2) high nitrate (H) of 50 mg L−1; (3) copper treatment (CU) of 0.04 mg L−1 of copper; and (4) interaction treatment (I) of 50 mg L−1 of nitrate applied together with 0.04 mg L−1 of copper, and the controls (C). Plankton abundance, phytoplankton biovolume and zooplankton community structure (changes in the diversity and richness) were used as structural endpoints, and oxygen production and litter decomposition as functional indicators. Overall, results show no effect on the plankton community exposed to agrochemical under legal limits in single neither in mixture treatments. Only by the end of the experiment, total zooplankton abundance shows differences between interaction treatment (I) and the rest of the treatments and controls. Concretely, the interaction treatment suggests how a nutrient enhancement from ammonium nitrate addition may counterbalance the toxic effect of copper sulphate on zooplankton, most likely as a result of higher phytoplankton availability that positively influences zooplankter survival. Both drastic and subtle effects on communities are relevant for disentangling how chemicals interact under European current legal limits.
Ana Del Arco; Francisco Guerrero; Francisco Jiménez Gómez; Gema Parra. Plankton community responses to environmentally-relevant agrochemical mixtures. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 2019, 55, 5 .
AMA StyleAna Del Arco, Francisco Guerrero, Francisco Jiménez Gómez, Gema Parra. Plankton community responses to environmentally-relevant agrochemical mixtures. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology. 2019; 55 ():5.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Del Arco; Francisco Guerrero; Francisco Jiménez Gómez; Gema Parra. 2019. "Plankton community responses to environmentally-relevant agrochemical mixtures." Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 55, no. : 5.
Agriculture is a strategic activity for the society, capable of causing impacts on the environment. Most of the impacts are related to the overuse of synthetic products for pest control and/or chemical fertilization. Sodium phosphite used as a fungicide presents low toxicity under standard laboratory conditions and type test organisms. However, no ecotoxicological tests have been performed to assist in the environmental risk assessment of this substance within a holistic framework. The present study shows the effect of the long-term exposure (60 days) of the fungicide sodium phosphite on the planktonic community, through outdoor microcosm tests. To determine the convenient concentrations to be used in the microcosms, a preliminary monospecific test was carried out with Daphnia magna in the laboratory. Considering its results, the levels of exposure to the microcosms were 5 and 10 mg/L. The results have shown no effect on the zooplankton community structure (taxonomic composition or abundance) associated with treatments. In addition, the community of primary producers, phytoplankton and periphyton, also showed negative response (abundance) under the exposure conditions. Present results indicate that the use of sodium phosphite at these concentrations does not represent a risk for the zooplankton community, however the lack of information about the effects on the phytoplankton structure should make the precautionary principle prevail in the use of this substance. La agricultura es una actividad estratégica de la sociedad que ocasiona impactos negativos sobre el ambiente, algunos relacionados con el uso excesivo de productos de síntesis para el control de plagas o la fertilización química. El fungicida fosfito de sodio presenta datos de baja toxicidad bajo condiciones estándar de laboratorio y organismos tipo ensayo. Sin embargo, no se han realizado ensayos ecotoxicológicos que permitan ayudar en la evaluación del riesgo ambiental de esta sustancia. El presente trabajo estudia el efecto de la exposición de larga duración (60 días) del fungicida fosfito de sodio sobre la comunidad planctónica, a través de ensayos con microcosmos. Para la determinación de las concentraciones a utilizar en los microcosmos se realizó un ensayo preliminar uniespecífico crónico de exposición con Daphnia magna en laboratorio. Después de evaluar los resultados de dicho experimento, se decidió que las concentraciones de exposición en los microcosmos fueran 5 y 10 mg/L. Los resultados de los microcosmos indican que no han tenido lugar efectos negativos, asociado al tratamiento en términos estructurales (abundancia y composición taxonómica) de la comunidad zooplanctónica. Además, la comunidad de productores primarios, fitoplancton y perifiton, tampoco mostró respuesta negativa, en términos de cambios en abundancia, a dicha exposición. Los resultados indican que la utilización de fosfito a estas concentraciones no representa un riesgo para la comunidad zooplanctónica bajo estudio. Sin embargo, la falta de información sobre los efectos en la estructura del componente fitoplanctónico debe hacer primar el principio de precaución en el uso de esta sustancia.
Gema Parra; Biología Vegetal Y Ecología Departamento De Biología Animal; Valeria Acevedo-García; Ma. Eugenia López Valcarcel; Ana Isabel Del Arco Ochoa. ANÁLISIS ECOTOXICOLÓGICO DEL FUNGICIDA FOSFITO DE SODIO SOBRE UNA COMUNIDAD PLANCTÓNICA. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 2019, 35, 151 -163.
AMA StyleGema Parra, Biología Vegetal Y Ecología Departamento De Biología Animal, Valeria Acevedo-García, Ma. Eugenia López Valcarcel, Ana Isabel Del Arco Ochoa. ANÁLISIS ECOTOXICOLÓGICO DEL FUNGICIDA FOSFITO DE SODIO SOBRE UNA COMUNIDAD PLANCTÓNICA. Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental. 2019; 35 (1):151-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra; Biología Vegetal Y Ecología Departamento De Biología Animal; Valeria Acevedo-García; Ma. Eugenia López Valcarcel; Ana Isabel Del Arco Ochoa. 2019. "ANÁLISIS ECOTOXICOLÓGICO DEL FUNGICIDA FOSFITO DE SODIO SOBRE UNA COMUNIDAD PLANCTÓNICA." Revista Internacional de Contaminación Ambiental 35, no. 1: 151-163.
Agriculture practices have been widely proposed as the major cause of amphibian population decline. However, the majority of these results have been based on laboratory experiments. The present study was conducted to test the repercussion of wetland sediment provenance on amphibian larval development. Bufo bufo larvae were used in two different treatments in an outdoor experiment, the first one using sediment from one wetland surrounded by intensive agricultural practices, and the second using sediment with no record of agrochemical uses. A negative effect was observed in the agricultural treatment, from subcellular to individual level. The results showed that the sediment from agricultural practices watershed generates a reduction in survival. Furthermore, individuals that developed under this treatment showed a lower total length and a delay in the time necessary to complete metamorphosis; these features are connected with recruitment success. In the same way, biochemical analysis showed high values of lipid peroxidation in metamorphs developing in sediments from an agricultural area. Finally, the results obtained highlight the importance of considering the sediments, not only the water, as origin treatment, allowing us to understand the consequences on amphibian populations that inhabit areas affected by intensive agriculture.
Enrique García-Muñoz; Francisco Guerrero; Garbiñe Arechaga; Gema Parra. Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018, 37, 160 -168.
AMA StyleEnrique García-Muñoz, Francisco Guerrero, Garbiñe Arechaga, Gema Parra. Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota. Journal of Oceanology and Limnology. 2018; 37 (1):160-168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrique García-Muñoz; Francisco Guerrero; Garbiñe Arechaga; Gema Parra. 2018. "Does wetland watershed land use influence amphibian larval development? A relevant effect of agriculture on biota." Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 37, no. 1: 160-168.
Students, professionals, and technical experts considered the materials to be very good quality, especially regarding the quality of contents, format, and design. For students, these materials can generate reflection and learning regarding environmental and health issues during nursing training.
Carmen Álvarez-Nieto; Janet Richardson; Gema Parra-Anguita; Manuel Linares-Abad; Norma Huss; M. Luisa Grande-Gascón; Jane Grose; Maud Huynen; Isabel M. López-Medina. Developing digital educational materials for nursing and sustainability: The results of an observational study. Nurse Education Today 2018, 60, 139 -146.
AMA StyleCarmen Álvarez-Nieto, Janet Richardson, Gema Parra-Anguita, Manuel Linares-Abad, Norma Huss, M. Luisa Grande-Gascón, Jane Grose, Maud Huynen, Isabel M. López-Medina. Developing digital educational materials for nursing and sustainability: The results of an observational study. Nurse Education Today. 2018; 60 ():139-146.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarmen Álvarez-Nieto; Janet Richardson; Gema Parra-Anguita; Manuel Linares-Abad; Norma Huss; M. Luisa Grande-Gascón; Jane Grose; Maud Huynen; Isabel M. López-Medina. 2018. "Developing digital educational materials for nursing and sustainability: The results of an observational study." Nurse Education Today 60, no. : 139-146.
Aquatic population responses to chemical exposure may be exacerbated by intraspecific competition pressures, being also shaped by habitat heterogeneity. Magnetic particles (MPs) have been recently proposed as promising phosphorus (P) adsorbents for lake restoration. This study focuses on assessing the effects of MPs on the abundance of the crustacean Daphnia magna under different levels of both intraspecific competition pressure and habitat heterogeneity. The experimental design consisted of two experiments (in homogeneous and heterogeneous habitats) done in glass jars with four concentrations of MPs: controls of 0 g MPs L−1, and treatments of 1, 1.5 and 2 g MPs L−1. In addition, competition treatments were established by using different population densities, and hence, no competition (C), low (L) and high (H) competition pressures were simulated. The experiments lasted for 7 days, with a 4-day pre-exposure period, in which competition was all allowed to take place, and a 3-day post-exposure period. Twenty-four hours after adding MPs, the MPs were removed by applying a magnetic separation technique. The results showed that competition pressures occurred and significantly reduced population abundances during the pre-exposure period. During the post-exposure period, the combined effects of competition and MPs were detected in both homogeneous (Ho-) and heterogeneous (He-) habitat experiments, showing a significantly drastic reduction in abundances. In fact, the lethal concentration for 50% of the population (LC50 -24 h) was 0 and 0.16 g MPs L−1 in the Ho- and He-experiments respectively, indicating that the addition and especially the removal of MPs cause extreme mortality. These results indicated that even though competition plays a role in shaping populations, its influence was down-weighted by the stronger pressures of MPs. In addition, as no significant differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous habitats were found, we may state that the refuge offered was not protective enough to avoid the effects of MPs. In conclusion, the removal of the MPs causes drastic effects on D. magna abundances despite the concentration of MPs, competition or habitat structure. Finally, considering the validated high efficiency of MPs for P removal, and in the context of a future whole-lake application, it is essential to restrict the use of MPs to the moments when D. magna is absent in the study site. Further research on the effects of MP removal on other organisms is required before implementing the addition of MPs as a restoration tool.
Ana Del Arco; Gema Parra; Inmaculada De Vicente. Going deeper into phosphorus adsorbents for lake restoration: Combined effects of magnetic particles, intraspecific competition and habitat heterogeneity pressure on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 2017, 148, 513 -519.
AMA StyleAna Del Arco, Gema Parra, Inmaculada De Vicente. Going deeper into phosphorus adsorbents for lake restoration: Combined effects of magnetic particles, intraspecific competition and habitat heterogeneity pressure on Daphnia magna. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety. 2017; 148 ():513-519.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Del Arco; Gema Parra; Inmaculada De Vicente. 2017. "Going deeper into phosphorus adsorbents for lake restoration: Combined effects of magnetic particles, intraspecific competition and habitat heterogeneity pressure on Daphnia magna." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 148, no. : 513-519.
The watershed land uses in Mediterranean wetlands are essential to understand the functioning of aquatic communities. This study was designed to assess the relationship between watershed land uses, wetland characteristics and zooplankton assemblages (branchiopods and copepods) in 24 Mediterranean wetlands of the southern Iberian Peninsula, which greatly differ in both wetland land uses (olive groves, pasture, scrublands, and forest) and in their morphometric and limnological features. Firstly, results from a Principal Component Analysis allowed us to classify wetlands in two categories: impacted and non-impacted. Then, one-way Analysis of Variance was performed to test differences in zooplankton species richness and a Permutational Analysis of Variance was performed to test differences in zooplankton assemblages between categories. Lastly, a Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis was chosen for the lake-by-species ordination. The results support the hypothesis that zooplankton richness and composition were negatively affected by watershed land uses, mainly agriculture practices. Moreover, species zooplankton assemblages were clearly linked to the two different wetlands categories. The present study puts forward the important role of zooplankton community for testing land use effects in Mediterranean wetlands.
Juan Diego Gilbert; Inmaculada De Vicente; Fernando Ortega; Enrique García-Muñoz; Raquel Jiménez Melero; Gema Parra; Francisco Guerrero. Linking watershed land uses and crustacean assemblages in Mediterranean wetlands. Hydrobiologia 2017, 799, 181 -191.
AMA StyleJuan Diego Gilbert, Inmaculada De Vicente, Fernando Ortega, Enrique García-Muñoz, Raquel Jiménez Melero, Gema Parra, Francisco Guerrero. Linking watershed land uses and crustacean assemblages in Mediterranean wetlands. Hydrobiologia. 2017; 799 (1):181-191.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Diego Gilbert; Inmaculada De Vicente; Fernando Ortega; Enrique García-Muñoz; Raquel Jiménez Melero; Gema Parra; Francisco Guerrero. 2017. "Linking watershed land uses and crustacean assemblages in Mediterranean wetlands." Hydrobiologia 799, no. 1: 181-191.
Magnetic microparticles (MPs) have been recently proposed as a new and promising tool for restoring eutrophicated waters. In this study, we analyzed the acute (immobilization) and chronic effects of iron (Fe) MPs on Daphnia magna and on the benthic macroinvertebrate Chironomus sp. In the chronic toxicity tests the offspring production (male and female) in D. magna and the mortality of larvae and pupae, and adult emergence in Chironomus sp. experiments were used as the endpoints. The concentration of MPs that caused 50% of immobilized individuals (EC) in the acute toxicity test was much higher in D. magna (0.913g MPs l) than in Chironomus sp. (0.445g MPs l). The results of chronic toxicity tests in D. magna showed that in presence of dissolved Fe (dFe), parthenogenetic reproduction was significantly affected, while no significant effect on mortality of larvae and pupae and on adult emergence was detected in Chironomus sp. test. Taking into account both that long-term exposure is not likely to occur and the regular dose of MPs potentially used in a restoration plan, we conclude that MPs is a riskless (no toxic effect on planktonic and benthic organisms) and efficient (high P adsorption capacity) tool for lake restoration.
I. Álvarez-Manzaneda; Eloísa Ramos-Rodríguez; Manuel Jesús López Rodríguez; Gema Parra; A. Funes; I. de Vicente. Acute and chronic effects of magnetic microparticles potentially used in lake restoration on Daphnia magna and Chironomus sp. Journal of Hazardous Materials 2017, 322, 437 -444.
AMA StyleI. Álvarez-Manzaneda, Eloísa Ramos-Rodríguez, Manuel Jesús López Rodríguez, Gema Parra, A. Funes, I. de Vicente. Acute and chronic effects of magnetic microparticles potentially used in lake restoration on Daphnia magna and Chironomus sp. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 2017; 322 ():437-444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. Álvarez-Manzaneda; Eloísa Ramos-Rodríguez; Manuel Jesús López Rodríguez; Gema Parra; A. Funes; I. de Vicente. 2017. "Acute and chronic effects of magnetic microparticles potentially used in lake restoration on Daphnia magna and Chironomus sp." Journal of Hazardous Materials 322, no. : 437-444.
In this study a set of 25 Mediterranean wetlands located in the southeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula was studied to identify priority areas for conservation using amphibian assemblages. Two complementary approaches were used, cluster and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE). Cluster analysis allows to group wetlands based on their amphibian’s assemblage similarities. PAE was used to identify areas that concentrate the highest species richness and are unique in terms of amphibian composition. Different criteria were used to select wetlands for conservation: species richness, exclusive and idiosyncratic species occurrences, and the number of wetlands in which such species appeared. In order to know if the selected wetlands for conservation are appropriate to preserve the amphibian community the degree of nestedness among wetlands was calculated. In conclusion, the obtained results showed three different zones from highly conserved to highly degraded ones. One action plan is proposed for shielding nine wetlands (Ardal, Castillo, Grande, Orcera, Pedernoso, Perales, Santisteban, Siles and Fernandina) in the Alto Guadalquivir region which would preserve the 100% of amphibian’s richness present in the study area.
Enrique García-Muñoz; Juan Diego Gilbert; Gema Parra; Francisco Guerrero. Amphibian diversity as an implement for Mediterranean wetlands conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation 2016, 33, 68 -75.
AMA StyleEnrique García-Muñoz, Juan Diego Gilbert, Gema Parra, Francisco Guerrero. Amphibian diversity as an implement for Mediterranean wetlands conservation. Journal for Nature Conservation. 2016; 33 ():68-75.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEnrique García-Muñoz; Juan Diego Gilbert; Gema Parra; Francisco Guerrero. 2016. "Amphibian diversity as an implement for Mediterranean wetlands conservation." Journal for Nature Conservation 33, no. : 68-75.
The carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies that were proposed to mitigate environmental problems arising from anthropogenic CO2 emissions, also have potential environmental risks. An eventual CCS leak might induce very low pH values in the aquatic system. Due to the lack of knowledge of long-term CO2 exposures with very low pH values, this study aims to know the effects and consequences of such a situation for zooplankton, using the Daphnia magna experimental model. A CO2 injection system was used to provide the experimental condition. A twenty-one days experiment with control and low pH treatment (pH = 7) replicates was carried out under light and temperature-controlled conditions. Survival, individual growth, RNA:DNA ratio, and neonates production were analysed during the aforementioned period. No differences on survival (except last day), individual growth and RNA:DNA ratio were observed between both control and low pH treatments. However, clear differences were detected in neonates production and, consequently, in population growth rates and secondary production. The observed differences could be related with an energy allocation strategy to ensure individual survival but would have ecological consequences affecting higher trophic levels.
Gema Parra; Andréa Galotti; Raquel Jiménez Melero; Francisco Guerrero; Juan Emilio Sanchez-Moyano; Francisco Jiménez Gómez; Mercedes Conradi. Effects of experimental long-term CO2 exposure on Daphnia magna (Straus 1820): From physiological effects to ecological consequences. Chemosphere 2016, 156, 272 -279.
AMA StyleGema Parra, Andréa Galotti, Raquel Jiménez Melero, Francisco Guerrero, Juan Emilio Sanchez-Moyano, Francisco Jiménez Gómez, Mercedes Conradi. Effects of experimental long-term CO2 exposure on Daphnia magna (Straus 1820): From physiological effects to ecological consequences. Chemosphere. 2016; 156 ():272-279.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGema Parra; Andréa Galotti; Raquel Jiménez Melero; Francisco Guerrero; Juan Emilio Sanchez-Moyano; Francisco Jiménez Gómez; Mercedes Conradi. 2016. "Effects of experimental long-term CO2 exposure on Daphnia magna (Straus 1820): From physiological effects to ecological consequences." Chemosphere 156, no. : 272-279.