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Dr. Markel Rico-González
1 Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain

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0 Technology
0 Electronic performance and tracking systems
0 Local positioning systems
0 Global positioning systems
0 Team sports performance

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Review
Published: 14 August 2021 in Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review
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ACS Style

Rafael Oliveira; Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; João Brito; Adrián Moreno-Villanueva Moreno-Villanueva; Matilde Nalha; Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rafael Oliveira, Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, João Brito, Adrián Moreno-Villanueva Moreno-Villanueva, Matilde Nalha, Markel Rico-González, Filipe Clemente. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Oliveira; Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; João Brito; Adrián Moreno-Villanueva Moreno-Villanueva; Matilde Nalha; Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente. 2021. "Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review." Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in young male soccer players: A systematic review , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 14 August 2021 in Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review
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ACS Style

Rafael Oliveira; Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; Alexandre Martins; Adrián Moreno-Villanueva; João Brito; Matilde Nalha; Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Rafael Oliveira, Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Alexandre Martins, Adrián Moreno-Villanueva, João Brito, Matilde Nalha, Markel Rico-González, Filipe Clemente. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review. Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rafael Oliveira; Sports Science School of Rio Maior–Polytechnic Institute of Santarém; Alexandre Martins; Adrián Moreno-Villanueva; João Brito; Matilde Nalha; Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente. 2021. "Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review." Reference values for external and internal load monitoring in professional male soccer players: A systematic review , no. : 1.

Systematic review
Published: 11 August 2021 in Sensors
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Wearable and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies in sports open a new era in athlete’s training, not only for performance monitoring and evaluation but also for fitness assessment. These technologies rely on sensor systems that collect, process and transmit relevant data, such as biomarkers and/or other performance indicators that are crucial to evaluate the evolution of the athlete’s condition, and therefore potentiate their performance. This work aims to identify and summarize recent studies that have used wearables and IoT technologies and discuss its applicability for fitness assessment. A systematic review of electronic databases (WOS, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, SCIELO, IEEEXplore, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane and Web of Science) was undertaken according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 280 studies initially identified, 20 were fully examined in terms of hardware and software and their applicability for fitness assessment. Results have shown that wearable and IoT technologies have been used in sports not only for fitness assessment but also for monitoring the athlete’s internal and external workloads, employing physiological status monitoring and activity recognition and tracking techniques. However, the maturity level of such technologies is still low, particularly with the need for the acquisition of more—and more effective—biomarkers regarding the athlete’s internal workload, which limits its wider adoption by the sports community.

ACS Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luís Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 5418 .

AMA Style

João Passos, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Pedro Miguel Moreira, Markel Rico-González, Pedro Bezerra, Luís Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (16):5418.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luís Paulo Rodrigues. 2021. "Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 16: 5418.

Review
Published: 28 July 2021 in Innovations in Ultra-Wideband Technologies
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The use of valid, accurate and reliable systems is fundamental to warrant a high-quality data collection and interpretation. In 2015, FIFA created a department of Electronic Performance and Tracking systems, collecting under this name the more used tracking systems in team sport setting: high-definition cameras, Global Positioning Systems, and Local Positioning Systems. To date, LPS systems proved to be valid and accurate in determining the position and estimating distances and speeds. However, it is hypothesized that between LPS, ultra-wide band (UWB) is the most promising technology for the future. Thus, this chapter was aimed to make an update about UWB technology in sport: the FIFA’s regulation, manufacturer that provide this technology, the research articles that assessed validity and reliability of UWB technology, and the criteria standard for the use of this technology.

ACS Style

José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. Review of Ultra-Wide Band in Team Sports. Innovations in Ultra-Wideband Technologies 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González. Review of Ultra-Wide Band in Team Sports. Innovations in Ultra-Wideband Technologies. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Review of Ultra-Wide Band in Team Sports." Innovations in Ultra-Wideband Technologies , no. : 1.

Research article
Published: 09 July 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Heart rate variability (HRV) is becoming one of the most commonly used tools for tracking the time course of training adaptation/maladaptation of athletes and setting optimal training loads, leading to improved performance. The aim of this study was to compare Realtrack Systems manufacturer software (sPRO) with the Kubios HRV Standard. R-R intervals were recorded from 48 athletes using a chest strap synchronized to WIMU PRO™ device for 10 min to analyze time-domain HRV indices, located between the scapulae. Time-domain HRV indices analyzed included the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal R-R intervals (SDNN), and percentage of adjacent R-R intervals that differ from each other by more than 50 ms (pNN50). The intraclass correlation test and Bland-Altman plot were used to verify the agreement between the sPRO and the Kubios HRV Standard software for examining time-domain HRV indices. The intraclass correlation coefficient showed high values of agreement of R-R intervals and time-domain HRV indices between the two software options (RMSSD, SDNN, and pNN50; ICC > 0.951). The Bland-Altman plot showed low bias for all the HRV indices analyzed (bias = −0.11 to −1.08). In addition, no systematic bias was found between the residual of the mean difference and the average values of the two software packages ( p > 0.05). Therefore, both software options can be used interchangeably for analyzing time-domain HRV records.

ACS Style

José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González; Petrus Gantois; Fabio Y Nakamura. Level of agreement between sPRO and Kubios software in the analysis of R-R intervals obtained by a chest strap. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González, Petrus Gantois, Fabio Y Nakamura. Level of agreement between sPRO and Kubios software in the analysis of R-R intervals obtained by a chest strap. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González; Petrus Gantois; Fabio Y Nakamura. 2021. "Level of agreement between sPRO and Kubios software in the analysis of R-R intervals obtained by a chest strap." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.

Systematic review
Published: 06 July 2021 in Healthcare
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the main effector against upper respiratory tract viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been related to training load management. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the relationship between training load and salivary IgA based on current evidence in order to avoid immunosuppression after exercise and players´ vulnerability to virus contagion. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and Web of Science) until 19 May 2021. From a total of 127 studies initially found, 23 were included in the qualitative synthesis. These studies were clustered depending on stress level. The salivary IgA was analysed considering soccer-specific treadmill exercise and repeated sprint drills (n = 5), matches (n = 7), and during certain periods during the season or pre-season (n = 11). Repeated sprint ability tests and treadmill exercises are suitable exercises for the first steps on return to play periods yet still maintain social distance. A rest or moderate training sessions (technical/tactical) are suggested after official matches to ensure 16–18 h to recover IgA levels, while periods with multiple matches per week with limited recovery time should be avoided. Weekly training load should assume a small increment (<10%) to ensure IgA immune responses, especially, during the post coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) season.

ACS Style

Markel Rico-González; José Pino-Ortega; Filipe Clemente; Naia Bustamante-Hernández. Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare. Healthcare 2021, 9, 856 .

AMA Style

Markel Rico-González, José Pino-Ortega, Filipe Clemente, Naia Bustamante-Hernández. Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (7):856.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Markel Rico-González; José Pino-Ortega; Filipe Clemente; Naia Bustamante-Hernández. 2021. "Relationship between Training Load Management and Immunoglobulin A to Avoid Immunosuppression after Soccer Training and Competition: A Theoretical Framework Based on COVID-19 for Athletes’ Healthcare." Healthcare 9, no. 7: 856.

Review
Published: 26 June 2021 in Healthcare
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The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize available evidence regarding the relationships between sleep and (i) athletic and match performance, (ii) training load, and (iii) injuries in soccer players. A systematic review of EBSCOhost (SPORTDiscus), PubMed, Cochrane Library, FECYT (Web of Sciences, CCC, DIIDW, KJD, MEDLINE, RSCI, and SCIELO) databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 297 titles were identified, of which 32 met the eligibility criteria. Results revealed that soccer players are no exception for sleep inadequacy. Although there was inconsistency in the findings, some studies suggested that sleep restrictions in soccer negatively affected athletic and match performance while also increasing the number and severity of musculoskeletal injuries. On the other hand, inconsistent results were found between sleep and athletic and match performance, and training load in soccer players. Physiological responses (and their intensity) during drill-based games were not influenced by changes in sleep. The available evidence is inconsistent; however, it appears to suggest that poor sleep affects soccer players’ performance and increases the risk of injury. However, it remains important to study this complex relationship further.

ACS Style

Filipe Clemente; José Afonso; Júlio Costa; Rafael Oliveira; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. Relationships between Sleep, Athletic and Match Performance, Training Load, and Injuries: A Systematic Review of Soccer Players. Healthcare 2021, 9, 808 .

AMA Style

Filipe Clemente, José Afonso, Júlio Costa, Rafael Oliveira, José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González. Relationships between Sleep, Athletic and Match Performance, Training Load, and Injuries: A Systematic Review of Soccer Players. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (7):808.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Clemente; José Afonso; Júlio Costa; Rafael Oliveira; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Relationships between Sleep, Athletic and Match Performance, Training Load, and Injuries: A Systematic Review of Soccer Players." Healthcare 9, no. 7: 808.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2021 in Strength & Conditioning Journal
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Implementing ketogenic diets (KDs) in endurance athletes is currently an interesting topic. This article aimed to systematically review the effects of KDs on anthropometric, metabolic, and performance parameters in endurance sport athletes, highlighting the recommendations about how they should be used. This systematic review was performed under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and it was performed using 2 databases (i.e., PubMed and Web of Sciences). From the 1,485 studies initially identified, 14 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Regarding anthropometrics, KDs (i.e., diary caloric intake of carbohydrates [CH] < 5%) can lead to a reduction of body weight and percentage fat mass, with a possible impact on maintenance of fat-free mass. Regarding the metabolic adaptations, KDs lead to glycogen storage and fat mobilization, specifically, when using diary caloric intake of CH greater than 8%. However, no positive or negative physical fitness and conditioning effects have been found when using KDs. In conclusion, although KDs could be a suitable strategy to induce anthropometric and metabolic changes, this type of diet could not be suitable to improve amateur endurance athletes’ performance.

ACS Style

Adrián Moreno-Villanueva; Markel Rico-González; José Pino-Ortega. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Adaptation, and Physical Fitness Performance in Amateur Endurance Athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal 2021, Publish Ah, 1 .

AMA Style

Adrián Moreno-Villanueva, Markel Rico-González, José Pino-Ortega. The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Adaptation, and Physical Fitness Performance in Amateur Endurance Athletes. Strength & Conditioning Journal. 2021; Publish Ah ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adrián Moreno-Villanueva; Markel Rico-González; José Pino-Ortega. 2021. "The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet on Anthropometric Parameters, Metabolic Adaptation, and Physical Fitness Performance in Amateur Endurance Athletes." Strength & Conditioning Journal Publish Ah, no. : 1.

Review
Published: 13 June 2021 in Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review
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ACS Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luis Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

João Passos, Sérgio Ivan Lopes, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Pedro Miguel Moreira, Markel Rico-González, Pedro Bezerra, Luis Paulo Rodrigues. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

João Passos; Sérgio Ivan Lopes; Filipe Manuel Clemente; Pedro Miguel Moreira; Markel Rico-González; Pedro Bezerra; Luis Paulo Rodrigues. 2021. "Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review." Wearables and Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Fitness Assessment: A Systematic Review , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2021 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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This study aimed to explore the main determinants of repeated-sprint ability (RSA) in women soccer players considering aerobic capacity, sprinting performance, change-of-direction, vertical height jump, and hip adductor/abductor isometric strength. Twenty-two women soccer players from the same team participating in the first Portuguese league were observed. Fitness assessments were performed three times during a 22-week cohort period. The following assessments were made: (i) hip abductor and adductor strength, (ii) squat and countermovement jump (height), (iii) change-of-direction test, (iv) linear sprinting at 10- and 30-m, (v) RSA test, and (vi) Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. Positive moderate correlations were found between peak minimum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.51, p < 0.02 and r = 0.54, p < 0.01, respectively). Positive moderate correlations were also found between peak maximum RSA and adductor and abductor strength (r = 0.55, p < 0.02 and r = 0.46, p < 0.01, respectively). Lastly, a moderate negative correlation was found between fatigue index in RSA and YYIR1 test performance (r = −0.62, p < 0.004). In conclusion, abductor and adductor isometric strength-based coadjutant training programs, together with a high degree of aerobic endurance, may be suitable for inducing RSA in female soccer players.

ACS Style

Lillian Gonçalves; Filipe Clemente; Joel Barrera; Hugo Sarmento; Francisco González-Fernández; Markel Rico-González; José Carral. Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021, 18, 4595 .

AMA Style

Lillian Gonçalves, Filipe Clemente, Joel Barrera, Hugo Sarmento, Francisco González-Fernández, Markel Rico-González, José Carral. Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18 (9):4595.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lillian Gonçalves; Filipe Clemente; Joel Barrera; Hugo Sarmento; Francisco González-Fernández; Markel Rico-González; José Carral. 2021. "Exploring the Determinants of Repeated-Sprint Ability in Adult Women Soccer Players." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9: 4595.

Journal article
Published: 15 April 2021 in Gait & Posture
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The measurement of step count and distance covered are of interest in healthcare and rehabilitation medicine, so fitness trackers and smartwatches have incorporated these metrics. In 2014, the introduction of new brands of these devices peaked, although the highest number of new devices was introduced in 2015. Even though Mi Band Xiaomi was among the top 5 regarding sales, it is not at the top of the fitness bands considered in research articles. this study aimed to assess the validity of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 for recording steps and distance covered. The data were recorded from 26 elderly adults (71.2 ± 3.2 years old; 169.3 ± 5.8 height; 72.1 ± 9.2 weight), who covered the maximum distance possible at walking speed in a delimited outdoor space following different trajectories to compare data with the criterion measure, using three wristband devices (Xiaomi Mi Band versions 2.0, 3.0. and 4.0.). In step count, the average bias was small ( 0.76; t=0.30). However, Xiaomi Mi Band 4.0 obtained questionable validity (ICC = 0.76) for distance estimation. The accuracy of Mi Band Xiaomi 2.0., 3.0. and 4.0. may be considered as good to count the number of steps for physical activity monitoring, whereas distance estimation is considered questionable.

ACS Style

José Pino-Ortega; Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona; Markel Rico-González. Accuracy of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 to measure step count and distance for physical activity and healthcare in adults over 65 years. Gait & Posture 2021, 87, 6 -10.

AMA Style

José Pino-Ortega, Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona, Markel Rico-González. Accuracy of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 to measure step count and distance for physical activity and healthcare in adults over 65 years. Gait & Posture. 2021; 87 ():6-10.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Pino-Ortega; Carlos D. Gómez-Carmona; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Accuracy of Xiaomi Mi Band 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 to measure step count and distance for physical activity and healthcare in adults over 65 years." Gait & Posture 87, no. : 6-10.

Review
Published: 08 April 2021 in Sensors
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This systematic review aimed to (1) identify and summarize studies that have examined the validity of apps for measuring human strength, power, velocity, and change-of-direction, and (2) identify and summarize studies that have examined the reliability of apps for measuring human strength, power, velocity, and change-of-direction. A systematic review of Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 435 studies initially identified, 23 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. In total, 11 mobile applications were analyzed and summarized for their validity and reliability to test movement velocity, movement time, movement displacement, power output, and workload. The present systematic review revealed that the tested apps are valid and reliable for measuring bar movement velocity during lower and upper body resistance exercises; however, systematic bias was detected with heavier loads.

ACS Style

Rui Silva; Markel Rico-González; Ricardo Lima; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Filipe Clemente. Validity and Reliability of Mobile Applications for Assessing Strength, Power, Velocity, and Change-of-Direction: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 2623 .

AMA Style

Rui Silva, Markel Rico-González, Ricardo Lima, Zeki Akyildiz, José Pino-Ortega, Filipe Clemente. Validity and Reliability of Mobile Applications for Assessing Strength, Power, Velocity, and Change-of-Direction: A Systematic Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (8):2623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Silva; Markel Rico-González; Ricardo Lima; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Filipe Clemente. 2021. "Validity and Reliability of Mobile Applications for Assessing Strength, Power, Velocity, and Change-of-Direction: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 8: 2623.

Systematic review
Published: 03 April 2021 in Sensors
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The use of inertial measurement unit (IMU) has become popular in sports assessment. In the case of velocity-based training (VBT), there is a need to measure barbell velocity in each repetition. The use of IMUs may make the monitoring process easier; however, its validity and reliability should be established. Thus, this systematic review aimed to (1) identify and summarize studies that have examined the validity of wearable wireless IMUs for measuring barbell velocity and (2) identify and summarize studies that have examined the reliability of IMUs for measuring barbell velocity. A systematic review of Cochrane Library, EBSCO, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. From the 161 studies initially identified, 22 were fully reviewed, and their outcome measures were extracted and analyzed. Among the eight different IMU models, seven can be considered valid and reliable for measuring barbell velocity. The great majority of IMUs used for measuring barbell velocity in linear trajectories are valid and reliable, and thus can be used by coaches for external load monitoring.

ACS Style

Filipe Clemente; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. Validity and Reliability of the Inertial Measurement Unit for Barbell Velocity Assessments: A Systematic Review. Sensors 2021, 21, 2511 .

AMA Style

Filipe Clemente, Zeki Akyildiz, José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González. Validity and Reliability of the Inertial Measurement Unit for Barbell Velocity Assessments: A Systematic Review. Sensors. 2021; 21 (7):2511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Clemente; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Validity and Reliability of the Inertial Measurement Unit for Barbell Velocity Assessments: A Systematic Review." Sensors 21, no. 7: 2511.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Sensors
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Ultra-wide band (UWB) based local positioning systems (LPS) are based on devices and a portable antenna set. The optimal installation height of the antennae is crucial to ensure data accuracy. Collective variables are metrics that consider at least two pairs of coordinates, which may lead to lower precision than an individual one. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the influence of antenna height with collective metrics using a UWB (i.e., IMU; WIMU PRO™, RealTrack Systems, Almeria, Spain) based LPS. Data acquisition was carried out in a basketball court measuring 28 × 15 m. Five devices were used; one of which was carried by a healthy and well-trained athlete (age: 38 years, mass: 76.34 kg, height 1.70 m), while each of the remaining four was positioned on a tripod in one of the four corners of the court. Four kinds of variables were extracted: (1) static distances, (2) dynamic distances, (3) static areas and (4) dynamic areas in all antenna installation modes of 0.15, 1.30 and 2.00 m. The results showed that the antenna of 1.30 m provided better accuracy for all measures (% difference range from −0.94 to 1.17%) followed by the antenna of 2.00 m (% difference range from −2.50 to 2.15%), with the antenna of 0.15 m providing the worst accuracy level (% difference range from −1.05 to 3.28%). Overall, the measurements of distance metrics showed greater accuracy than area metrics (distance % difference range from −0.85 to 2.81% and area % difference range from −2.50 to 3.28). In conclusion, the height of the antennae in basketball courts should be similar to the height at which the devices are attached to a player’s upper back. However, as the precision is sensitive to the magnitude of the measure, further studies should assess the effects of the relative height of antennae in team sports with greater playing spaces.

ACS Style

José Pino-Ortega; Asier Arcos; Petrus Gantois; Filipe Clemente; Fabio Nakamura; Markel Rico-González. The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports. Sensors 2021, 21, 2424 .

AMA Style

José Pino-Ortega, Asier Arcos, Petrus Gantois, Filipe Clemente, Fabio Nakamura, Markel Rico-González. The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports. Sensors. 2021; 21 (7):2424.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Pino-Ortega; Asier Arcos; Petrus Gantois; Filipe Clemente; Fabio Nakamura; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "The Influence of Antenna Height on the Measurement of Collective Variables Using an Ultra-Wide Band Based Local Positioning System in Team Sports." Sensors 21, no. 7: 2424.

Research article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy
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Background and purpose: Historically, sports training methodology, including soccer coaching, has been influenced by the pedagogic tend dominant in each epoch. Of late, the literature has espoused the idea that human learning is individual, nonlinear, and complex. Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP) takes into account such nonlinearity and complex phenomena and facilitates each person's learning through a methodology of manipulating constraints. This learner–environment-centered approach conducts players and teams to a tactical behavior emerging through playing modified versions of games using a rich range of different constraints, for example the introduction of artificial rules. Despite the attractions of training based on constraints to research, few studies have empirically assessed the effects of these programs from a tactical perspective. The present study applies the NLP pedagogical principles of representativeness and constraints manipulation to provide youth sport academy coaches with empirical evidence of the training effects of modified games on team tactical behavior. Specifically, this study aimed to assess the short-term training effects of modified games introducing artificial rules on team tactical behavior during the team possession game phase in two youth soccer categories. Methods: Thirty-two Spanish male youth soccer players from the under-14 (U14: n = 16; age: 13.0 ± 0.4 years; playing experience: 6 ± 1 years; height: 1.56 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 46.7 ± 5.9 kg) and the under-16 (U16: n = 16; age: 15.9 ± 0.4 years; playing experience: 8 ± 1 years; height: 1.70 ± 0.07 m; body mass: 57.9 ± 8.3 kg) teams of the same club participated in the study. The natural groups were not modified for the study and the participants had some prior experience with modified games. Each team was divided into two groups who played each other during a short-term intervention distributed across four training sessions: control (CON: free play without restrictions) and experimental (EXP: modified games introducing artificial rules). Team tactical behavior was assessed, including the goalkeeper (Gk) and during the team possession game phase, using a local positioning system (LPS) before and after the intervention in an 8-a-side game with the official offside rule. Findings: Linear team tactical behavior change in centroid position, dyads, and total area values barely changed (d = trivial – small [0.01–0.34]) after a short-term intervention of free play and modified games. Team tactical behavior tended toward greater regularity (sample entropy decrease) after artificial rules were introduced in comparison with free play without restrictions. Youth sport academy coaches who opt for organized and regular behavior during the team possession game phase could employ modified games introducing artificial rules to build up repeatable tactical patterns. Conversely, those who prefer being more chaotic and unpredictable in the game could take advantage of free play without restrictions.

ACS Style

Asier Gonzalez-Artetxe; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González; Asier Los Arcos. Training effects of artificial rules on youth soccer team tactical behavior. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 2021, 1 -16.

AMA Style

Asier Gonzalez-Artetxe, José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González, Asier Los Arcos. Training effects of artificial rules on youth soccer team tactical behavior. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy. 2021; ():1-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asier Gonzalez-Artetxe; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González; Asier Los Arcos. 2021. "Training effects of artificial rules on youth soccer team tactical behavior." Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy , no. : 1-16.

Review
Published: 24 March 2021 in Healthcare
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Immunoglobulin A (IgA), which is the first line of defense against upper respiratory tract viruses, has been related with training load management. This article aimed to systematically identify and summarize (1) the studies that have found a relationship between training load and salivary IgA in team sports, and (2) the studies that have highlighted a relationship between IgA and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in team sports. A systematic review of relevant articles was carried out using two electronic databases (PubMed and WoK) until 3 October 2020. From a total of 174 studies initially found, 24 were included in the qualitative synthesis. This systematic review confirmed that lower values of IgA occurred after greater training load (intensity/volume) and congested periods. In this scenario, a low level of IgA was correlated with higher URTI, which makes training load management mandatory to healthcare avoiding immunosuppression. Therefore, physical fitness and conditioning coaches should carefully manage training load progression, avoiding high-intensity sessions in two consecutive days. In addition, they should not program high-intensity training sessions during at least the two days following competition.

ACS Style

Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente; Rafael Oliveira; Naia Bustamante-Hernández; José Pino-Ortega. Part I: Relationship among Training Load Management, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Team Sport: A Systematic Review. Healthcare 2021, 9, 366 .

AMA Style

Markel Rico-González, Filipe Clemente, Rafael Oliveira, Naia Bustamante-Hernández, José Pino-Ortega. Part I: Relationship among Training Load Management, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Team Sport: A Systematic Review. Healthcare. 2021; 9 (4):366.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Markel Rico-González; Filipe Clemente; Rafael Oliveira; Naia Bustamante-Hernández; José Pino-Ortega. 2021. "Part I: Relationship among Training Load Management, Salivary Immunoglobulin A, and Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Team Sport: A Systematic Review." Healthcare 9, no. 4: 366.

Review
Published: 30 January 2021 in Journal of Human Kinetics
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The aim of the review was to identify the spatial tactical variables used to assess the use of space in team sports using positional data. In addition, we examined computational methods, performed a critical assessment and suggested future considerations. We considered four electronic databases. A total of 3973 documents were initially retrieved and only 15 articles suggested original spatial variables or different computation methods. Spatial team sport tactical variables can be classified into 3 principal types: occupied space, total field coverage by several players; exploration space, the mean location (±standard deviations in X- and Y-directions) of the player/team during the entire game; and dominant/influence space, the region the players can reach before any other players. Most of the studies, i.e., 55%, did not include goalkeepers (GKs) and total playing space to assess occupied space, however, several proposed new variables that considered that all playing space could be “played” (i.e. effective free-space, normalized surface area). Only a collective exploration space variable has been suggested: the major range of the geometrical centre (GC). This suggestion could be applied to assess collective exploration space variables at a sub-system level. The measurement of the dominant/influence space has been based on the Voronoi region (i.e. distance d criteria), but several studies also based their computation on the time (t). In addition, several weighted dominant areas have been suggested. In conclusion, the use of spatial collective tactical variables considering the principal structural traits of each team sport (e.g. players of both teams, the location of the space with respect to the goal, and the total playing space) is recommended.

ACS Style

Markel Rico-González; José Pino Ortega; Fabio Yuzo Nakamura; Felipe Arruda Moura; Asier Los Arcos. Identification, Computational Examination, Critical Assessment and Future Considerations of Spatial Tactical Variables to Assess the Use of Space in Team Sports by Positional Data: A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics 2021, 77, 205 -221.

AMA Style

Markel Rico-González, José Pino Ortega, Fabio Yuzo Nakamura, Felipe Arruda Moura, Asier Los Arcos. Identification, Computational Examination, Critical Assessment and Future Considerations of Spatial Tactical Variables to Assess the Use of Space in Team Sports by Positional Data: A Systematic Review. Journal of Human Kinetics. 2021; 77 (1):205-221.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Markel Rico-González; José Pino Ortega; Fabio Yuzo Nakamura; Felipe Arruda Moura; Asier Los Arcos. 2021. "Identification, Computational Examination, Critical Assessment and Future Considerations of Spatial Tactical Variables to Assess the Use of Space in Team Sports by Positional Data: A Systematic Review." Journal of Human Kinetics 77, no. 1: 205-221.

Review
Published: 28 January 2021 in Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player&rsquo;s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials
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ACS Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; Daniel Castillo; Javier Raya-González; Markel Rico-González; Thomas Rosemann; Beat Knechtle. Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player’s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player&rsquo;s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Daniel Castillo, Javier Raya-González, Markel Rico-González, Thomas Rosemann, Beat Knechtle. Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player’s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player&rsquo;s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente; Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo; Daniel Castillo; Javier Raya-González; Markel Rico-González; Thomas Rosemann; Beat Knechtle. 2021. "Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player’s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials." Effects of plyometric jump training on soccer player&rsquo;s balance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 22 January 2021 in Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human&rsquo;s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review
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ACS Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente; Ricardo Lima; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human’s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review. Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human&rsquo;s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente, Ricardo Lima, Zeki Akyildiz, José Pino-Ortega, Markel Rico-González. Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human’s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review. Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human&rsquo;s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Filipe Manuel Clemente; Ricardo Lima; Zeki Akyildiz; José Pino-Ortega; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human’s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review." Validity and reliability of the mobile applications for human&rsquo;s strength, power, velocity and change-of-direction assessment: A systematic review , no. : 1.

Review
Published: 19 January 2021 in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology
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Given the accuracy in data collection, radar-based local positioning systems (LPS) are a promising technology to monitor training load in team sports. The objective of this study was to systematically review articles that compare the validity and reliability of LPS to other electronic performance and tracking system (EPTS) in team sports. The authors searched three electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and Web of Science) to identify relevant studies published by October 21, 2019. A Boolean search was performed, including sport ( population), search terms related to intervention technology ( intervention technology), and outcome measures of the technology ( outcomes). Seven studies evaluated the validity and reliability of LPS in team sports in comparison with other EPTS, including semi-automatic video technology (VID) and Global Positioning System (GPS). Two articles compared LPS to VID, three articles compared LPS to GPS, and two articles compared LPS to both GPS and VID. LPS is considered a valid and reliable EPTS in the field of load monitoring of team sports, usually resulting in higher accuracy than VID or GPS. However, special care should be taken when analyzing load indicators at high speeds or different trajectories, since the validity and reliability depend on the EPTS itself.

ACS Style

José Pino-Ortega; José M Oliva-Lozano; Petrus Gantois; Fábio Yuzo Nakamura; Markel Rico-González. Comparison of the validity and reliability of local positioning systems against other tracking technologies in team sport: A systematic review. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

José Pino-Ortega, José M Oliva-Lozano, Petrus Gantois, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Markel Rico-González. Comparison of the validity and reliability of local positioning systems against other tracking technologies in team sport: A systematic review. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

José Pino-Ortega; José M Oliva-Lozano; Petrus Gantois; Fábio Yuzo Nakamura; Markel Rico-González. 2021. "Comparison of the validity and reliability of local positioning systems against other tracking technologies in team sport: A systematic review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology , no. : 1.