This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) are a heterogeneous group of very rare congenital or acquired disorders characterized by a generalized or partial lack of adipose tissue. They are strongly associated with severe metabolic dysfunction due to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and other organs and the dysregulation of several key adipokines, including leptin. Treatment with leptin or its analogues is therefore sufficient to reverse some of the metabolic symptoms of LD in patients and in mouse models through distinct mechanisms. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis has emerged as an important regulator of systemic metabolism in rodents and in humans, but it is poorly understood how leptin impacts BAT in LD. Here, we show in transgenic C57Bl/6 mice overexpressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c in adipose tissue (Tg (aP2-nSREBP1c)), an established model of congenital LD, that daily subcutaneous administration of 3 mg/kg leptin for 6 to 8 weeks increases body temperature without affecting food intake or body weight. This is associated with increased protein expression of the thermogenic molecule uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and the sympathetic nerve marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in BAT. These findings suggest that leptin treatment in LD stimulates BAT thermogenesis through sympathetic nerves, which might contribute to some of its metabolic benefits by providing a healthy reservoir for excess circulating nutrients.
Annett Hoffmann; Thomas Ebert; Mohammed Hankir; Gesine Flehmig; Nora Klöting; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Michael Stumvoll; Matthias Blüher; Mathias Fasshauer; Anke Tönjes; Konstanze Miehle; Susan Kralisch. Leptin Improves Parameters of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Lipodystrophic Mice. Nutrients 2021, 13, 2499 .
AMA StyleAnnett Hoffmann, Thomas Ebert, Mohammed Hankir, Gesine Flehmig, Nora Klöting, Beate Jessnitzer, Ulrike Lössner, Michael Stumvoll, Matthias Blüher, Mathias Fasshauer, Anke Tönjes, Konstanze Miehle, Susan Kralisch. Leptin Improves Parameters of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Lipodystrophic Mice. Nutrients. 2021; 13 (8):2499.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnett Hoffmann; Thomas Ebert; Mohammed Hankir; Gesine Flehmig; Nora Klöting; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Michael Stumvoll; Matthias Blüher; Mathias Fasshauer; Anke Tönjes; Konstanze Miehle; Susan Kralisch. 2021. "Leptin Improves Parameters of Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Lipodystrophic Mice." Nutrients 13, no. 8: 2499.
Significance: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) can be regarded as a burden of lifestyle disease that shares common underpinning features and risk factors with the ageing process; a complex constituted by several adverse components, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, early vascular ageing and cellular senescence. Recent Advances: A systemic approach to tackle CKD, based on mitigating the associated inflammatory, cell stress and damage processes, has the potential to attenuate the effects of CKD, but also pre-empts the development and progression of associated morbidities. In effect, this will enhance health span and compress the period of morbidity. Pharmacological, nutritional and potentially lifestyle-based interventions are promising therapeutic avenues to achieve such a goal. Critical Issues: In the present review, currents concepts of inflammation and oxidative damage as key pathomechanisms in CKD are addressed. In particular, potential beneficial but also adverse effects of different systemic interventions in patients with CKD are discussed. Future Directions: Senotherapeutics, the NRF2–KEAP1 signaling pathway, the endocrine klotho axis, inhibitors of the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), and live bio-therapeutics have the potential to reduce the burden of CKD and improve quality of life, as well as morbidity and mortality, in this fragile high-risk patient group.
Thomas Ebert; Ognian Neytchev; Anna Witasp; Karolina Kublickiene; Peter Stenvinkel; Paul G. Shiels. Inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD and dialysis patients. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleThomas Ebert, Ognian Neytchev, Anna Witasp, Karolina Kublickiene, Peter Stenvinkel, Paul G. Shiels. Inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD and dialysis patients. Antioxidants & Redox Signaling. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Ebert; Ognian Neytchev; Anna Witasp; Karolina Kublickiene; Peter Stenvinkel; Paul G. Shiels. 2021. "Inflammation and oxidative stress in CKD and dialysis patients." Antioxidants & Redox Signaling , no. : 1.
Background Patients with end‐stage kidney disease have an extremely high cardiovascular mortality rate, but there is a paradoxical relationship between lipid profile and survival in haemodialysis patients. To investigate whether inflammation/malnutrition confounds the associations between lipids and mortality, we studied a full lipid profile comprising of five clinically well‐established lipid parameters and its associations with mortality in a large, multinational European cohort with a median follow‐up >3 years. Methods The association between quartiles of total, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), non‐HDL, low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, as well as triglyceride, levels and the end‐points of all‐cause, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality was assessed in a cohort of 5,382 incident, adult haemodialysis patients from >250 Fresenius Medical Care dialysis centres out of 14 participating countries using baseline and time‐dependent Cox models. Analyses were fully adjusted and stratified for inflammation/malnutrition status and other patient‐level variables. Results Time‐dependent quartiles of total, HDL, non‐HDL and LDL cholesterol were inversely associated with the hazard for all‐cause, cardiovascular and non‐cardiovascular mortality. Compared with the lowest quartile of the respective lipid parameter, hazard ratios of other quartiles were <0.86. Similar, albeit weaker, associations were found with baseline lipid profile and mortality. Neither time‐dependent nor baseline associations between lipid profile and mortality were affected by inflammation/malnutrition, statin use or geography. Conclusions Baseline and time‐dependent lipid profile are inversely associated with mortality in a large, multicentre cohort of incident haemodialysis patients. Inflammation/malnutrition is not a confounder nor effect modificator of the associations between lipid profile and mortality in European haemodialysis patients.
T. Ebert; A. R. Qureshi; C. Lamina; J. Fotheringham; M. Froissart; K.‐U. Eckardt; D. C. Wheeler; J. Floege; F. Kronenberg; P. Stenvinkel. Time‐dependent lipid profile inversely associates with mortality in hemodialysis patients – independent of inflammation/malnutrition. Journal of Internal Medicine 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleT. Ebert, A. R. Qureshi, C. Lamina, J. Fotheringham, M. Froissart, K.‐U. Eckardt, D. C. Wheeler, J. Floege, F. Kronenberg, P. Stenvinkel. Time‐dependent lipid profile inversely associates with mortality in hemodialysis patients – independent of inflammation/malnutrition. Journal of Internal Medicine. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT. Ebert; A. R. Qureshi; C. Lamina; J. Fotheringham; M. Froissart; K.‐U. Eckardt; D. C. Wheeler; J. Floege; F. Kronenberg; P. Stenvinkel. 2021. "Time‐dependent lipid profile inversely associates with mortality in hemodialysis patients – independent of inflammation/malnutrition." Journal of Internal Medicine , no. : 1.
Experimental studies suggest involvement of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) in the aetiology of cardiometabolic diseases and chronic kidney disease (CKD), in part via metabolism of ingested food. Using a comparative biomimetic approach, we have investigated circulating levels of the gut metabolites betaine, choline, and TMAO in human CKD, across animal species as well as during hibernation in two animal species. Betaine, choline, and TMAO levels were associated with renal function in humans and differed significantly across animal species. Free-ranging brown bears showed a distinct regulation pattern with an increase in betaine (422%) and choline (18%) levels during hibernation, but exhibited undetectable levels of TMAO. Free-ranging brown bears had higher betaine, lower choline, and undetectable TMAO levels compared to captive brown bears. Endogenously produced betaine may protect bears and garden dormice during the vulnerable hibernating period. Carnivorous eating habits are linked to TMAO levels in the animal kingdom. Captivity may alter the microbiota and cause a subsequent increase of TMAO production. Since free-ranging bears seems to turn on a metabolic switch that shunts choline to generate betaine instead of TMAO, characterisation and understanding of such an adaptive switch could hold clues for novel treatment options in burden of lifestyle diseases, such as CKD.
Thomas Ebert; Johanna Painer; Peter Bergman; Abdul Rashid Qureshi; Sylvain Giroud; Gabrielle Stalder; Karolina Kublickiene; Frank Göritz; Sebastian Vetter; Claudia Bieber; Ole Fröbert; Jon M. Arnemo; Andreas Zedrosser; Irene Redtenbacher; Paul G. Shiels; Richard J. Johnson; Peter Stenvinkel. Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 -15.
AMA StyleThomas Ebert, Johanna Painer, Peter Bergman, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Sylvain Giroud, Gabrielle Stalder, Karolina Kublickiene, Frank Göritz, Sebastian Vetter, Claudia Bieber, Ole Fröbert, Jon M. Arnemo, Andreas Zedrosser, Irene Redtenbacher, Paul G. Shiels, Richard J. Johnson, Peter Stenvinkel. Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Ebert; Johanna Painer; Peter Bergman; Abdul Rashid Qureshi; Sylvain Giroud; Gabrielle Stalder; Karolina Kublickiene; Frank Göritz; Sebastian Vetter; Claudia Bieber; Ole Fröbert; Jon M. Arnemo; Andreas Zedrosser; Irene Redtenbacher; Paul G. Shiels; Richard J. Johnson; Peter Stenvinkel. 2020. "Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1-15.
Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a high risk of premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and show increased mortality. Pro-neurotensin (Pro-NT) was associated with metabolic diseases and predicted incident CVD and mortality. However, Pro-NT regulation in CKD and its potential role linking CKD and mortality have not been investigated, so far. Methods: In a central lab, circulating Pro-NT was quantified in three independent cohorts comprising 4715 participants (cohort 1: patients with CKD; cohort 2: general population study; and cohort 3: non-diabetic population study). Urinary Pro-NT was assessed in part of the patients from cohort 1. In a 4th independent cohort, serum Pro-NT was further related to mortality in patients with advanced CKD. Tissue-specific Nts expression was further investigated in two mouse models of diabetic CKD and compared to non-diabetic control mice. Results: Pro-NT significantly increased with deteriorating renal function (P < 0.001). In meta-analysis of cohorts 1–3, Pro-NT was significantly and independently associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (P ≤ 0.002). Patients in the middle/high Pro-NT tertiles at baseline had a higher all-cause mortality compared to the low Pro-NT tertile (Hazard ratio: 2.11, P = 0.046). Mice with severe diabetic CKD did not show increased Nts mRNA expression in different tissues compared to control animals. Conclusions: Circulating Pro-NT is associated with impaired renal function in independent cohorts comprising 4715 subjects and is related to all-cause mortality in patients with end-stage kidney disease. Our human and rodent data are in accordance with the hypotheses that Pro-NT is eliminated by the kidneys and could potentially contribute to increased mortality observed in patients with CKD.
Anke Tönjes; Annett Hoffmann; Susan Kralisch; Abdul Rashid Qureshi; Nora Klöting; Markus Scholz; Dorit Schleinitz; Anette Bachmann; Jürgen Kratzsch; Marcin Nowicki; Sabine Paeschke; Kerstin Wirkner; Cornelia Enzenbach; Ronny Baber; Joachim Beige; Matthias Anders; Ingolf Bast; Matthias Blüher; Peter Kovacs; Markus Löffler; Ming-Zhi Zhang; Raymond C. Harris; Peter Stenvinkel; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Thomas Ebert. Pro-neurotensin depends on renal function and is related to all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease. European Journal of Endocrinology 2020, 183, 233 -244.
AMA StyleAnke Tönjes, Annett Hoffmann, Susan Kralisch, Abdul Rashid Qureshi, Nora Klöting, Markus Scholz, Dorit Schleinitz, Anette Bachmann, Jürgen Kratzsch, Marcin Nowicki, Sabine Paeschke, Kerstin Wirkner, Cornelia Enzenbach, Ronny Baber, Joachim Beige, Matthias Anders, Ingolf Bast, Matthias Blüher, Peter Kovacs, Markus Löffler, Ming-Zhi Zhang, Raymond C. Harris, Peter Stenvinkel, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer, Thomas Ebert. Pro-neurotensin depends on renal function and is related to all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2020; 183 (3):233-244.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnke Tönjes; Annett Hoffmann; Susan Kralisch; Abdul Rashid Qureshi; Nora Klöting; Markus Scholz; Dorit Schleinitz; Anette Bachmann; Jürgen Kratzsch; Marcin Nowicki; Sabine Paeschke; Kerstin Wirkner; Cornelia Enzenbach; Ronny Baber; Joachim Beige; Matthias Anders; Ingolf Bast; Matthias Blüher; Peter Kovacs; Markus Löffler; Ming-Zhi Zhang; Raymond C. Harris; Peter Stenvinkel; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Thomas Ebert. 2020. "Pro-neurotensin depends on renal function and is related to all-cause mortality in chronic kidney disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 183, no. 3: 233-244.
Background/Objectives People with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) may still have an increased risk for cardiovascular mortality compared to metabolically healthy lean (MHL) individuals. However, the mechanisms linking obesity to cardiovascular diseases are not entirely understood. We therefore tested the hypothesis that circulating cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are higher in MHO compared to MHL individuals. Subjects/Methods Serum concentrations of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin and P-selectin were measured in age- and sex-matched groups of MHL (n = 32), MHO categorized into BMI-matched insulin sensitive (IS, n = 32) or insulin resistant (IR) obesity (n = 32) and people with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n = 32). Results Indeed, individuals with MHO have significantly higher sICAM-1, E-selectin, and P-selectin serum concentrations compared to MHL people. However, these CAMs are still significantly lower in IS compared to IR MHO. There was no difference between the groups in sVCAM-1 serum concentrations. Compared to all other groups, circulating adhesion molecules were significantly higher in individuals with MUO. Conclusions These findings suggest that obesity-related increased cardiovascular risk is reflected and may be mediated by significantly higher CAMs. The mechanisms causing elevated adhesion molecules even in the absence of overt cardio-metabolic risk factors and whether circulating CAMs could predict cardiovascular events need to be explored.
Arij Mulhem; Yusef Moulla; Nora Klöting; Thomas Ebert; Anke Tönjes; Mathias Fasshauer; Arne Dietrich; Michael R. Schön; Michael Stumvoll; Volker Richter; Matthias Blüher. Circulating cell adhesion molecules in metabolically healthy obesity. International Journal of Obesity 2020, 45, 331 -336.
AMA StyleArij Mulhem, Yusef Moulla, Nora Klöting, Thomas Ebert, Anke Tönjes, Mathias Fasshauer, Arne Dietrich, Michael R. Schön, Michael Stumvoll, Volker Richter, Matthias Blüher. Circulating cell adhesion molecules in metabolically healthy obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2020; 45 (2):331-336.
Chicago/Turabian StyleArij Mulhem; Yusef Moulla; Nora Klöting; Thomas Ebert; Anke Tönjes; Mathias Fasshauer; Arne Dietrich; Michael R. Schön; Michael Stumvoll; Volker Richter; Matthias Blüher. 2020. "Circulating cell adhesion molecules in metabolically healthy obesity." International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 2: 331-336.
Adipose tissue-secreted proteins, i.e. adipocytokines, have been identified as potential mediators linking fat mass and adipose tissue dysfunction with impaired glucose homeostasis, alterations in the inflammatory status, and risk of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine whether seven circulating adipocytokines are associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or are altered by metabolic and weight changes during pregnancy itself. A panel of seven adipocytokines (i.e. adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, chemerin, leptin, Pro-Enkephalin, progranulin, and Pro-Neurotensin) was quantified in serum in a cross-sectional cohort of 222 women with the following three groups matched for age and body mass index: (i) 74 pregnant women with GDM; (ii) 74 pregnant women without GDM; and (iii) 74 non-pregnant and healthy women. A stepwise statistical approach was used by performing pairwise comparisons, principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Five out of seven adipocytokines were dysregulated between pregnant and non-pregnant women, i.e. adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, Pro-Enkephalin, and progranulin. None of the adipocytokines significantly differed between GDM and non-GDM status during pregnancy. The same five adipocytokines clustered in a principal component representing pregnancy-induced effects. Fasting insulin was the most relevant parameter in the discrimination of GDM as compared to pregnant women without GDM, whereas chemerin and adiponectin were most relevant factors to discriminate pregnancy status. Pregnancy status but not presence of GDM can be distinguished by the seven investigated adipocytokines in discrimination analyses.
Thomas Ebert; Claudia Gebhardt; Markus Scholz; Dorit Schleinitz; Matthias Blüher; Michael Stumvoll; Peter Kovacs; Mathias Fasshauer; Anke Tönjes. Adipocytokines are not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus but with pregnancy status. Cytokine 2020, 131, 155088 .
AMA StyleThomas Ebert, Claudia Gebhardt, Markus Scholz, Dorit Schleinitz, Matthias Blüher, Michael Stumvoll, Peter Kovacs, Mathias Fasshauer, Anke Tönjes. Adipocytokines are not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus but with pregnancy status. Cytokine. 2020; 131 ():155088.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Ebert; Claudia Gebhardt; Markus Scholz; Dorit Schleinitz; Matthias Blüher; Michael Stumvoll; Peter Kovacs; Mathias Fasshauer; Anke Tönjes. 2020. "Adipocytokines are not associated with gestational diabetes mellitus but with pregnancy status." Cytokine 131, no. : 155088.
Persistent low-grade inflammation and premature ageing are hallmarks of the uremic phenotype and contribute to impaired health status, reduced quality of life, and premature mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Because there is a huge global burden of disease due to CKD, treatment strategies targeting inflammation and premature ageing in CKD are of particular interest. Several distinct features of the uremic phenotype may represent potential treatment options to attenuate the risk of progression and poor outcome in CKD. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)–kelch-like erythroid cell-derived protein with CNC homology [ECH]-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) signaling pathway, the endocrine phosphate-fibroblast growth factor-23–klotho axis, increased cellular senescence, and impaired mitochondrial biogenesis are currently the most promising candidates, and different pharmaceutical compounds are already under evaluation. If studies in humans show beneficial effects, carefully phenotyped patients with CKD can benefit from them.
Thomas Ebert; Sven-Christian Pawelzik; Anna Witasp; Samsul Arefin; Sam Hobson; Karolina Kublickiene; Paul G. Shiels; Magnus Bäck; Peter Stenvinkel. Inflammation and Premature Ageing in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins 2020, 12, 227 .
AMA StyleThomas Ebert, Sven-Christian Pawelzik, Anna Witasp, Samsul Arefin, Sam Hobson, Karolina Kublickiene, Paul G. Shiels, Magnus Bäck, Peter Stenvinkel. Inflammation and Premature Ageing in Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins. 2020; 12 (4):227.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Ebert; Sven-Christian Pawelzik; Anna Witasp; Samsul Arefin; Sam Hobson; Karolina Kublickiene; Paul G. Shiels; Magnus Bäck; Peter Stenvinkel. 2020. "Inflammation and Premature Ageing in Chronic Kidney Disease." Toxins 12, no. 4: 227.
Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus, die von einem Nierenschaden betroffen sind, haben ein exzessiv erhöhtes kardiovaskuläres Risiko. Dies erfordert eine frühzeitige Diagnosestellung, eine konsequente und zielwertorientierte Therapie des Diabetes mellitus, des arteriellen Blutdrucks sowie aller Begleiterkrankungen sowie eine frühzeitige, enge und patientenzentrierte Kooperation zwischen Hausarzt, Diabetologe und Nephrologe.
Ludwig Merker; Bernd-Walter Bautsch; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff; Berend Isermann. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2019, 14, S235 -S239.
AMA StyleLudwig Merker, Bernd-Walter Bautsch, Thomas Ebert, Martina Guthoff, Berend Isermann. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2019; 14 (S 02):S235-S239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudwig Merker; Bernd-Walter Bautsch; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff; Berend Isermann. 2019. "Nephropathie bei Diabetes." Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 14, no. S 02: S235-S239.
Physical exercise plays an important role in both the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases. Peptides secreted or released from skeletal muscle, so-called myokines, contribute to the beneficial anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing effects of increased muscle activity and may, therefore, counteract pathomechanisms of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1]. However, the impact of myokines including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-15, angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), fibroblast growth factors (FGF)-2, FGF-21, and irisin on altered organ cross-talk in cardiometabolic diseases is still poorly understood [1]. Irisin has been described as a protein released from skeletal muscle after physical activity [2] which may, in rodents and more controversially discussed in humans [1], mediate browning of white adipose tissue. Although the existence of circulating human irisin has even been questioned because human FNDC5 has a noncanonical ATA translation start, irisin has been detected in human plasma using mass spectrometry with appropriate control peptides [3]. IL-15 increases upon both aerobic and resistance exercise and exerts beneficial metabolic effects in patients with obesity and T2D [1]. IL-15 inhibits lipogenesis, induces fat oxidation, enhances energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism [4]. To better understand the potential role of these myokines in T2D, we tested the hypotheses that IL-15 and irisin serum concentrations correlate with cardiometabolic risk parameters and are different in subgroups of T2D patients with or without diabetes complications independently of ethnicity. We included cross-sectional data from 400 Korean participants of the ongoing Korean Sarcopenic Obesity Study (KSOS) described in detail elsewhere [5]. Blood and random spot urine samples were collected in the morning after a 12 h fasting. Kidney function was assessed by estimating the eGFR using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula. The urinary albumin and creatinine levels were used to calculate the urine albumin/creatinine ratio (ACR, μg/mg), and albuminuria was defined as ≥ 30 μg/mg urinary ACR. Diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed by specialized ophthalmologists from Korea University. The Korea University Institutional Review Board approved the study protocol. We included a total of 400 participants (200 women, 200 men) with an established diagnosis of T2D which have been consecutively recruited at the Department of Medicine of the University Hospital in Leipzig (Germany). Patients were excluded from the analyses according to the criteria defined for the Korean subcohort. The study has been approved by the ethics committee of the University of Leipzig (approval no. 017-12-23012012), and all subjects gave written informed consent before taking part in the study. All blood samples were collected between 8 and 10 a.m. after 12 h overnight fast. T2D complications were defined as described in the Korean cohort. Serum samples were analyzed centrally at Woongbee Meditech Inc., Korea. Irisin (Biovendor, Brno, Czech Republic) and IL-15 (R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) concentrations were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Korean and German study populations were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test or independent t test. Fisher’s exact test or Pearson’s Chi-square was utilized to evaluate the differences in the categorical variable distribution. To investigate correlations between myokines and cardiometabolic variables, Spearman partial correlation analysis was used after adjusting for age and sex. Data were analyzed using SAS 9.2 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA). A p value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. For almost all cardiometabolic risk parameters and the occurrence of T2D complications, we found significant differences between the German and Korean subcohorts (Table 1). Despite these differences, irisin and IL-15 serum concentrations were indistinguishable between German and Korean study participants, except for higher circulating irisin levels in Korean women compared to German women (p = 0.002). Independent of ethnicity, irisin and IL-15 serum concentrations were not correlated with most cardiometabolic risk factors (Table 2). In German participants, fat-free mass was negatively associated with irisin levels, whereas all other anthropometric and laboratory variables were not significantly correlated with irisin or IL-15 concentrations (Table 2). In Korean patients, irisin levels were negatively related to ACR levels and IL-15 concentrations only were negatively correlated with liver aminotransferases (Table 2). In analyses of the entire study population and in the German and Korean subgroups, irisin and IL-15 serum concentrations were not significantly different between T2D patients with or without evidence for diabetic retinopathy (data not shown). Comparisons of participants with or without albuminuria only revealed significantly lower irisin (but not IL-15) serum concentrations (p = 0.029) in Korean T2D patients with albuminuria. The key result of our study is that despite significant differences in almost all anthropometric parameters and cardiometabolic risk factors between German and Korean T2D patients, both irisin and IL-15 serum concentrations were indistinguishable. Noteworthily, Korean women displayed slightly higher irisin levels than German women. In addition, we could reproducibly show for the German and Korean cohort that irisin and IL-15 serum concentrations are not related to cardiometabolic risk factors or the presence of diabetes complications. There was only one exception that Korean T2D patients with albuminuria showed lower irisin levels compared to those without albuminuria, generating the hypothesis that there are ethnic differences in the interplay between irisin secretion or clearance and renal function. An important limitation of...
Kyung Mook Choi; Soon Young Hwang; Kyungdo Han; Hye Soo Chung; Nam Hoon Kim; Hye Jin Yoo; Ji-A. Seo; Sin Gon Kim; Nan Hee Kim; Sei Hyun Baik; Thomas Ebert; Mathias Fasshauer; Matthias Blüher. Interleukin-15 and irisin serum concentrations are not related to cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes from Korea and Germany. International Journal of Earth Sciences 2019, 57, 381 -384.
AMA StyleKyung Mook Choi, Soon Young Hwang, Kyungdo Han, Hye Soo Chung, Nam Hoon Kim, Hye Jin Yoo, Ji-A. Seo, Sin Gon Kim, Nan Hee Kim, Sei Hyun Baik, Thomas Ebert, Mathias Fasshauer, Matthias Blüher. Interleukin-15 and irisin serum concentrations are not related to cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes from Korea and Germany. International Journal of Earth Sciences. 2019; 57 (3):381-384.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKyung Mook Choi; Soon Young Hwang; Kyungdo Han; Hye Soo Chung; Nam Hoon Kim; Hye Jin Yoo; Ji-A. Seo; Sin Gon Kim; Nan Hee Kim; Sei Hyun Baik; Thomas Ebert; Mathias Fasshauer; Matthias Blüher. 2019. "Interleukin-15 and irisin serum concentrations are not related to cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes from Korea and Germany." International Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 3: 381-384.
Ludwig Merker; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff; Mandy Schlosser; Christoph Hasslacher; Gunter Wolf. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Der Diabetologe 2019, 15, 568 -572.
AMA StyleLudwig Merker, Thomas Ebert, Martina Guthoff, Mandy Schlosser, Christoph Hasslacher, Gunter Wolf. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Der Diabetologe. 2019; 15 (6):568-572.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudwig Merker; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff; Mandy Schlosser; Christoph Hasslacher; Gunter Wolf. 2019. "Nephropathie bei Diabetes." Der Diabetologe 15, no. 6: 568-572.
Objective Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) has recently been introduced as a novel brown adipose tissue (BAT)-secreted adipokine with beneficial metabolic effects in mice. However, regulation of Nrg4 in end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has not been elucidated, so far. Design/methods Serum NRG4 levels were quantified by ELISA in 60 subjects with ESKD on chronic hemodialysis as compared to 60 subjects with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >50 mL/min/1.73 m2 in a cross-sectional cohort. Within both groups, about half of the patients had a T2DM. Furthermore, mRNA expression of Nrg4 was determined in two mouse models of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) as compared to two different groups of non-diabetic control mice. Moreover, mRNA expression of Nrg4 was investigated in cultured, differentiated mouse brown and white adipocytes, as well as hepatocytes, after treatment with the uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate. Results Median serum NRG4 was significantly lower in patients with ESKD compared to controls and the adipokine was independently associated with a beneficial renal, glucose and lipid profile. In mice with DKD, Nrg4 mRNA expression was decreased in all adipose tissue depots compared to control mice. The uremic toxin indoxyl sulfate did not significantly alter Nrg4 mRNA expression in adipocytes and hepatocytes, in vitro. Conclusions Circulating NRG4 is independently associated with a preserved renal function and mRNA expression of -Nrg4 is reduced in adipose tissue depots of mice with DKD. The BAT-secreted adipokine is further associated with a beneficial glucose and lipid profile supporting NRG4 as potential treatment target in metabolic and renal disease states.
Susan Kralisch; Annett Hoffmann; Nora Klöting; Armin Frille; Hartmut Kuhn; Marcin Nowicki; Sabine Paeschke; Anette Bachmann; Matthias Blüher; Ming-Zhi Zhang; Raymond C Harris; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Thomas Ebert. The brown fat-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 is decreased in human and murine chronic kidney disease. European Journal of Endocrinology 2019, 181, 151 -159.
AMA StyleSusan Kralisch, Annett Hoffmann, Nora Klöting, Armin Frille, Hartmut Kuhn, Marcin Nowicki, Sabine Paeschke, Anette Bachmann, Matthias Blüher, Ming-Zhi Zhang, Raymond C Harris, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer, Thomas Ebert. The brown fat-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 is decreased in human and murine chronic kidney disease. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2019; 181 (2):151-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSusan Kralisch; Annett Hoffmann; Nora Klöting; Armin Frille; Hartmut Kuhn; Marcin Nowicki; Sabine Paeschke; Anette Bachmann; Matthias Blüher; Ming-Zhi Zhang; Raymond C Harris; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Thomas Ebert. 2019. "The brown fat-secreted adipokine neuregulin 4 is decreased in human and murine chronic kidney disease." European Journal of Endocrinology 181, no. 2: 151-159.
Circulating Pro-NT is not independently associated with GDM, but is with HOMA-IR, creatinine, and FFA even after adjustment for pregnancy status.
A. Tönjes; S. Kralisch; A. Hoffmann; D. Schleinitz; J. Kratzsch; M. Blüher; M. Stumvoll; P. Kovacs; M. Fasshauer; T. Ebert. Circulating Pro-Neurotensin in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 2019, 29, 23 -29.
AMA StyleA. Tönjes, S. Kralisch, A. Hoffmann, D. Schleinitz, J. Kratzsch, M. Blüher, M. Stumvoll, P. Kovacs, M. Fasshauer, T. Ebert. Circulating Pro-Neurotensin in gestational diabetes mellitus. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2019; 29 (1):23-29.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA. Tönjes; S. Kralisch; A. Hoffmann; D. Schleinitz; J. Kratzsch; M. Blüher; M. Stumvoll; P. Kovacs; M. Fasshauer; T. Ebert. 2019. "Circulating Pro-Neurotensin in gestational diabetes mellitus." Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases 29, no. 1: 23-29.
Background/Aims: Altered expression and circulating levels of glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3) have been observed in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) across species. Here, we investigate whether GPX3 serum concentrations and adipose tissue (AT) GPX3 mRNA expression are related to obesity and weight loss. Methods: GPX3 serum concentration was measured in 630 individuals, including a subgroup (n = 293) for which omental and subcutaneous (SC) GPX3 mRNA expression has been analyzed. GPX3 analyses include three interventions: 6 months after bariatric surgery (n = 80) or combined exercise/hypocaloric diet (n = 20) or two-step bariatric surgery (n = 24) studies. Results: Bariatric surgery-induced weight loss (–25.8 ± 8.4%), but not a moderate weight reduction of –8.8 ± 6.5% was associated with significantly reduced GPX3 serum concentrations. GPX3 mRNA is significantly higher expressed in AT from individuals with normal glucose metabolism compared to T2D patients. SC AT GPX3 expression is significantly higher in lean compared to obese as well as in insulin-sensitive compared insulin-resistant individuals with obesity. Weight loss after bariatric surgery causes a significant increase in SC AT GPX3 expression. AT GPX3 expression significantly correlates with age, BMI, fat distribution, insulin sensitivity (only SC AT), but not with circulating GPX3. Conclusion: Our data support the notion that SC AT GPX3 expression is associated with obesity, fat distribution and related to whole body insulin resistance.
Julia Langhardt; Gesine Flehmig; Nora Klöting; Stefanie Lehmann; Thomas Ebert; Matthias Kern; Michael R. Schön; Daniel Gärtner; Tobias Lohmann; Miriam Dressler; Mathias Fasshauer; Peter Kovacs; Michael Stumvoll; Arne Dietrich; Matthias Blüher. Effects of Weight Loss on Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in Human Obesity. Obesity Facts 2018, 11, 475 -490.
AMA StyleJulia Langhardt, Gesine Flehmig, Nora Klöting, Stefanie Lehmann, Thomas Ebert, Matthias Kern, Michael R. Schön, Daniel Gärtner, Tobias Lohmann, Miriam Dressler, Mathias Fasshauer, Peter Kovacs, Michael Stumvoll, Arne Dietrich, Matthias Blüher. Effects of Weight Loss on Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in Human Obesity. Obesity Facts. 2018; 11 (6):475-490.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulia Langhardt; Gesine Flehmig; Nora Klöting; Stefanie Lehmann; Thomas Ebert; Matthias Kern; Michael R. Schön; Daniel Gärtner; Tobias Lohmann; Miriam Dressler; Mathias Fasshauer; Peter Kovacs; Michael Stumvoll; Arne Dietrich; Matthias Blüher. 2018. "Effects of Weight Loss on Glutathione Peroxidase 3 Serum Concentrations and Adipose Tissue Expression in Human Obesity." Obesity Facts 11, no. 6: 475-490.
Leptin influences inflammation and immune response. Dose‐dependent effects of leptin on biomarkers of inflammation have not been studied in vivo, so far. Leptin‐deficient low‐density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) knockout (LDLR−/−;ob/ob) female mice were treated with three different leptin doses or saline for 12 weeks. The effect of leptin on plasma interleukin (IL)‐6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 concentrations and Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 mRNA expression in vivo were assessed. Macrophage infiltration in epididymal adipose tissue (epiAT) after leptin treatment was determined by quantitative immunohistochemical analysis. Aortic root atherosclerotic lesions were analyzed by oil red O staining. Mean plasma IL‐6 and MCP‐1 decreased significantly in the 3.0 mg/kg BW/day group as compared to control mice (both P < 0.01). Messenger RNA expression of Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 was significantly down‐regulated by leptin treatment in different adipose tissues in vivo. Characteristic crown‐like structures formed by adipose tissue macrophages were significantly reduced by leptin treatment in epiAT. Recombinant leptin dose‐dependently diminished plaque area in the aortic root. Leptin administration within the subphysiological to physiological range diminishes circulating pro‐inflammatory IL‐6 and MCP‐1. Reduction of Il‐6 and Mcp‐1 gene expression in adipose tissue, as well as decreased adipose tissue macrophage infiltration might contribute. © 2018 BioFactors, 2018
Annett Hoffmann; Thomas Ebert; Nora Klöting; Marlen Kolb; Martin Gericke; Franziska Jeromin; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Ralph Burkhardt; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Susan Kralisch. Leptin decreases circulating inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 in mice. BioFactors 2018, 45, 43 -48.
AMA StyleAnnett Hoffmann, Thomas Ebert, Nora Klöting, Marlen Kolb, Martin Gericke, Franziska Jeromin, Beate Jessnitzer, Ulrike Lössner, Ralph Burkhardt, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer, Susan Kralisch. Leptin decreases circulating inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 in mice. BioFactors. 2018; 45 (1):43-48.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnnett Hoffmann; Thomas Ebert; Nora Klöting; Marlen Kolb; Martin Gericke; Franziska Jeromin; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Ralph Burkhardt; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer; Susan Kralisch. 2018. "Leptin decreases circulating inflammatory IL-6 and MCP-1 in mice." BioFactors 45, no. 1: 43-48.
Diabetesassoziierte Nierenerkrankungen umfassen alle Formen der renalen Schädigung, die bei Patienten in Verbindung mit Diabetes mellitus auftreten können, und sind in der Frühform durch konsequente Blutzucker- und Blutdruckkontrollen positiv beeinflussbar, eventuell vermeidbar oder teilweise langfristig reversibel. Der Verlauf der diabetischen Nephropathie ist beim Typ-1- und Typ-2-Diabetes charakterisiert durch: Während die diabetesbedingte Nierenschädigung bei Typ-1-Diabetes in definierbaren Stadien verläuft, kann der Verlauf bei Typ-2-Diabetes aufgrund einer möglichen multifaktoriellen Schädigung der Niere (Hypertonie, Dyslipidämie etc.) davon abweichen. In der Klassifizierung der chronischen Niereninsuffizienz nach KDIGO wird die Albuminurie als prognostischer Marker in eine Mikro- und eine Makroalbuminurie eingeteilt und findet Berücksichtigung auch bei nur geringgradig eingeschränkter eGFR (estimated GFR, geschätzte glomeruläre Filtrationsrate) (Tab. 1, siehe Praxistools im Anhang). 1 Diese Praxisempfehlung lehnt sich an die Nationale VersorgungsLeitlinie „Nierenerkrankungen bei Diabetes im Erwachsenenalter“ an, die abgelaufen ist und sich in Überarbeitung befindet (Stand: 28.09.2015). * Die Autoren haben zu gleichen Teil zur Erstellung des Manuskripts beigetragen.
Ludwig Merker; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2018, 13, S217 -S220.
AMA StyleLudwig Merker, Thomas Ebert, Martina Guthoff. Nephropathie bei Diabetes. Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel. 2018; 13 (S 02):S217-S220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLudwig Merker; Thomas Ebert; Martina Guthoff. 2018. "Nephropathie bei Diabetes." Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 13, no. S 02: S217-S220.
Female reproductive dysfunction occurs in patients with pathological loss of adipose tissue, i.e. lipodystrophy (LD). However, mechanisms remain largely unclear and treatment effects of adipocyte-derived leptin have not been assessed in LD animals. In the current study, C57Bl/6 LD mice on a low-density lipoprotein receptor knockout background were treated with leptin or saline for 8 weeks and compared to non-LD controls. The number of pups born was 37% lower in breeding pairs consisting of LD female mice x non-LD male mice (n = 3.3) compared to LD male mice x non-LD female mice (n = 5.2) (p < 0.05). Mean uterus weight was significantly lower in the saline-treated LD group (18.8 mg) compared to non-LD controls (52.9 mg; p < 0.0001) and increased significantly upon leptin treatment (46.5 mg; p < 0.001). The mean number of corpora lutea per ovary was significantly lower in saline-treated LD animals compared to non-LD controls (p < 0.01) and was restored to non-LD control levels by leptin (p < 0.05). Mechanistically, mRNA expression of ovarian follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (p < 0.01) and estrogen receptor β (p < 0.05), as well as of pituitary luteinizing hormone β subunit (p < 0.001) and follicle-stimulating hormone β subunit (p < 0.05), was significantly upregulated in LD mice compared to non-LD controls. In addition, mean time to vaginal opening as a marker of puberty onset was delayed by 12.5 days in LD mice (50.9 days) compared to non-LD controls (38.4 days; p < 0.001). Female LD animals show impaired fertility which is restored by leptin. Future studies should assess leptin as a subfertility treatment in human leptin-deficiency disorders.
Lisa Eifler; Annett Hoffmann; Isabel Viola Wagner; Nora Klöting; Lena Sahlin; Thomas Ebert; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Michael Stumvoll; Olle Söder; Mathias Fasshauer; Susan Kralisch. Leptin restores markers of female fertility in lipodystrophy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 2018, 1864, 3292 -3297.
AMA StyleLisa Eifler, Annett Hoffmann, Isabel Viola Wagner, Nora Klöting, Lena Sahlin, Thomas Ebert, Beate Jessnitzer, Ulrike Lössner, Michael Stumvoll, Olle Söder, Mathias Fasshauer, Susan Kralisch. Leptin restores markers of female fertility in lipodystrophy. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease. 2018; 1864 (10):3292-3297.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLisa Eifler; Annett Hoffmann; Isabel Viola Wagner; Nora Klöting; Lena Sahlin; Thomas Ebert; Beate Jessnitzer; Ulrike Lössner; Michael Stumvoll; Olle Söder; Mathias Fasshauer; Susan Kralisch. 2018. "Leptin restores markers of female fertility in lipodystrophy." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease 1864, no. 10: 3292-3297.
Thomas Ebert. Add-on-Blutdruckmedikation bei Diabetes mellitus – Welche Medikamentenklasse beeinflusst kardiorenale Endpunkte und Mortalität am günstigsten? Der Diabetologe 2018, 14, 344 -345.
AMA StyleThomas Ebert. Add-on-Blutdruckmedikation bei Diabetes mellitus – Welche Medikamentenklasse beeinflusst kardiorenale Endpunkte und Mortalität am günstigsten? Der Diabetologe. 2018; 14 (5):344-345.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThomas Ebert. 2018. "Add-on-Blutdruckmedikation bei Diabetes mellitus – Welche Medikamentenklasse beeinflusst kardiorenale Endpunkte und Mortalität am günstigsten?" Der Diabetologe 14, no. 5: 344-345.
Fetuin B is an adipokine/hepatokine which is significantly elevated in insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis. Regulation of fetuin B in patients with lipodystrophy (LD) - a disease group which is characterized by subcutaneous adipose tissue loss, hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and dysregulation of several adipokines - has not been elucidated so far.Serum fetuin B levels were determined in 37 patients with LD, as well as in a control cohort consisting of 37 non-LD participants matched for age, gender, and body mass index. Furthermore, fetuin B was correlated with parameters of lipid metabolism, glucose control, renal function, and inflammation.Median fetuin B serum levels were not significantly different between patients with LD (2980.7 µg/l; interquartile range: 841.7 µg/l) and non-LD controls (2647.3 µg/l; interquartile range: 923.6 µg/l; p = .105). Fetuin B was associated with age, body mass index, markers of renal function, and C reactive protein (CRP) in univariate correlation analyses. The associations with age and creatinine remained significant in multiple linear regression analysis.Fetuin B serum concentrations are not significantly different between patients with LD and non-LD controls. Fetuin B does not seem to be a major pathogenetic factor in LD.
Konstanze Miehle; Thomas Ebert; Susan Kralisch; Annett Hoffmann; Jürgen Kratzsch; Haiko Schlögl; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer. Serum concentrations of fetuin B in lipodystrophic patients. Cytokine 2018, 106, 165 -168.
AMA StyleKonstanze Miehle, Thomas Ebert, Susan Kralisch, Annett Hoffmann, Jürgen Kratzsch, Haiko Schlögl, Michael Stumvoll, Mathias Fasshauer. Serum concentrations of fetuin B in lipodystrophic patients. Cytokine. 2018; 106 ():165-168.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKonstanze Miehle; Thomas Ebert; Susan Kralisch; Annett Hoffmann; Jürgen Kratzsch; Haiko Schlögl; Michael Stumvoll; Mathias Fasshauer. 2018. "Serum concentrations of fetuin B in lipodystrophic patients." Cytokine 106, no. : 165-168.
Introduction Endocrine disorders of the pituitary axes are frequent in patients with hemodialysis (CKD5D). The aim of this multicenter study (Leipzig (L), Quedlinburg and Blankenburg in the Harz region (Hz)) in CKD5D patients was to evaluate influences of CKD5D related factors, morphological and biochemical parameters, and serum iodine and prolactin concentrations on the pituitary-thyroid axis. Patients and Methods 170 patients (L n=58; Hz n=112) were included in this prospective, non-interventional, cross-sectional study. Mann-Whitney-U-test and bivariate correlation analyses with Spearman-Rho test (r correlation coefficient) were used in statistical analysis. Results TSH was higher in patients with prolactin concentrations>370 mIU/l (p=0.013), in patients with high flux membranes (p=0.0013) and in patients with longer dialysis vintage (p=0.04). Median iodine serum concentrations were slightly elevated in the Leipzig cohort (p=0.001) and correlated with fT4 (p Conclusions In the assessment of the thyroid status in CKD5D patients, the synopsis of the clinical and nutritional status, comorbidities, ultrasound of the thyroid gland and laboratory results is necessary for further intervention with hormone replacement. Standardized reference values of the pituitary-thyroid axis should be critically evaluated and are still lacking in CKD5D.
Franz Maximilian Rasche; Ronny Rettig; Thomas Frese; Wilma Gertrud Rasche; Filip Barinka; Guenter Roesl; Frieder Keller; Tom H. Lindner; Jochen G. Schneider; Joachim Beige; Thomas Ebert; Stephan Schiekofer. The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Prolactin Secretion in Hemodialysis Patients in Two Endemic Regions of Eastern Germany. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 2018, 126, 349 -356.
AMA StyleFranz Maximilian Rasche, Ronny Rettig, Thomas Frese, Wilma Gertrud Rasche, Filip Barinka, Guenter Roesl, Frieder Keller, Tom H. Lindner, Jochen G. Schneider, Joachim Beige, Thomas Ebert, Stephan Schiekofer. The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Prolactin Secretion in Hemodialysis Patients in Two Endemic Regions of Eastern Germany. Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes. 2018; 126 (6):349-356.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFranz Maximilian Rasche; Ronny Rettig; Thomas Frese; Wilma Gertrud Rasche; Filip Barinka; Guenter Roesl; Frieder Keller; Tom H. Lindner; Jochen G. Schneider; Joachim Beige; Thomas Ebert; Stephan Schiekofer. 2018. "The Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Prolactin Secretion in Hemodialysis Patients in Two Endemic Regions of Eastern Germany." Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes 126, no. 6: 349-356.