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Dr Keerthan Poologanathan is currently Senior Lecturer in Structural Engineering at Northumbria University. Dr Poologanathan has more than 10 years of experience in R&D in steel structures (cold-formed and hot-rolled), thin-walled structures, optimization of steel sections, hollow flange beams, innovative steel products and systems, fire safety of buildings, light gauge steel frames, stainless steel, aluminium structures, lightweight concrete, enhanced plasterboard, phase change materials, thermal and mechanical properties at elevated temperature, modular building systems, advanced numerical modelling, genetic algorithm, energy performance of buildings, fibre composites for retrofitting and rehabilitation of structures.
Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) sections are extensively used in structural engineering applications replacing the conventional hot-rolled sections due to their inherent advantages. Web openings are generally placed in CFS floor joists and bearers to accommodate the building services, which leads the reduction of floor height. The web openings significantly influence the shear behaviour and reduce the shear capacity. However, very limited research studies have been conducted on hollow flange CFS beams with web openings under shear load. Therefore, this study presents a detailed Finite Element (FE) investigation of the shear behaviour of CFS doubly symmetric Rectangular Hollow Flange Beams (RHFBs) with unreinforced circular web openings. Non-linear FE models were created and validated using the laboratory shear test results. A detailed parametric study was then carried out by extending the validated FE models for doubly symmetric RHFBs with circular web openings. In total,126 FE models were investigated with different geometric parameters including section depth, thickness, material strength and web opening sizes to observe their behaviour on shear strength. The results showed that the existing shear strength design equations are either unsafe or conservative for doubly symmetric RHFBs with unreinforced circular web openings. Therefore, new Direct Strength Method (DSM) based shear design rules are proposed to estimate the shear strength of doubly symmetric RHFBs with unreinforced circular web openings in conjunction with proposed shear reduction factor (qs).
Dinesh Lakshmanan Chandramohan; Elilarasi Kanthasamy; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Muhammadh Fareedh Muhammadh Ishqy; Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Thirunavukkarasu Kajaharan. Shear behaviour and design of doubly symmetric hollow flange beam with web openings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2021, 185, 106836 .
AMA StyleDinesh Lakshmanan Chandramohan, Elilarasi Kanthasamy, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Muhammadh Fareedh Muhammadh Ishqy, Thadshajini Suntharalingam, Thirunavukkarasu Kajaharan. Shear behaviour and design of doubly symmetric hollow flange beam with web openings. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2021; 185 ():106836.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDinesh Lakshmanan Chandramohan; Elilarasi Kanthasamy; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Muhammadh Fareedh Muhammadh Ishqy; Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Thirunavukkarasu Kajaharan. 2021. "Shear behaviour and design of doubly symmetric hollow flange beam with web openings." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 185, no. : 106836.
Prefabrication has been shown to be an effective way of construction in the modern-day context. Although much progress has been made in developing reinforced concrete (RC), timber and steel prefabricated elements/structures, prefabrication of masonry walling systems has received limited attention in the past. Conventional masonry construction is labour-intensive and time-consuming; therefore, prefabrication can be an effective solution to accelerate the masonry construction to make it more cost-effective. Therefore, in this paper, an attempt has been made to evaluate the effectiveness of prefabricated masonry systems (PMS) in terms of their structural characteristics and sustainability perspectives in an Australian context. Subsequently, the available studies related to PMS and the prospects of developing prefabricated masonry walling systems were appraised and reported. In order to assess the applicability of PMS, a case study was carried out by designing four types of prospective prefabricated masonry walling systems for a typical housing unit in Australia. It was shown that the reinforced (RM), post-tensioned (PT) and thin layered mortared (TLM) masonry systems are better suited for prefabrication. Later, in order to assess the sustainability of the considered masonry walling systems, life cycle energy analyses were carried using the Environmental Performance in Construction (EPIC) database. It was found that there can be nearly 30% and 15% savings, respectively, in terms of energy saving and CO2 emissions in prefabricated construction than the conventional masonry construction. Finally, the prospects of developing PMS and the need for future research studies on these systems are highlighted.
Julian Thamboo; Tatheer Zahra; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Mohammad Asad; Keerthan Poologanathan. Prospects of Developing Prefabricated Masonry Walling Systems in Australia. Buildings 2021, 11, 294 .
AMA StyleJulian Thamboo, Tatheer Zahra, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Mohammad Asad, Keerthan Poologanathan. Prospects of Developing Prefabricated Masonry Walling Systems in Australia. Buildings. 2021; 11 (7):294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Thamboo; Tatheer Zahra; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Mohammad Asad; Keerthan Poologanathan. 2021. "Prospects of Developing Prefabricated Masonry Walling Systems in Australia." Buildings 11, no. 7: 294.
The 3-Dimensional (3D) printing technology in the construction sector has seen an accelerating growth owing to its potential advantages. For this layer-based construction, a detailed investigation on fire performance is necessary. However, there are limited research studies for 3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) walls exposed to fire. Therefore, this paper investigates the fire performance of different types of 3D printed concrete walls using validated Finite Element Models (FEMs). Validated heat transfer FEMs were extended to investigate the fire performance of a range of 3DPC wall configurations (solid, cavity, and composite) under standard fire conditions. The results show that 3DPC non-load bearing cavity walls underperform when subjected to standard fire compared to solid 3DPC walls. The novel composite 3DPC walls with the use of Rockwool as cavity insulation offers superior fire resistance.
Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Irindu Upasiri; Keerthan Poologanathan; Brabha Nagaratnam; Marco Corradi; Dilini Nuwanthika. Fire performance of innovative 3D printed concrete composite wall panels – A Numerical Study. Case Studies in Construction Materials 2021, 15, e00586 .
AMA StyleThadshajini Suntharalingam, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Irindu Upasiri, Keerthan Poologanathan, Brabha Nagaratnam, Marco Corradi, Dilini Nuwanthika. Fire performance of innovative 3D printed concrete composite wall panels – A Numerical Study. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 2021; 15 ():e00586.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThadshajini Suntharalingam; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Irindu Upasiri; Keerthan Poologanathan; Brabha Nagaratnam; Marco Corradi; Dilini Nuwanthika. 2021. "Fire performance of innovative 3D printed concrete composite wall panels – A Numerical Study." Case Studies in Construction Materials 15, no. : e00586.
Energy production still relies considerably on fossil fuels, and the building sector is a major player in the energy consumption market, mainly for space heating and cooling. Thermal bridges (TBs) in buildings are very relevant for the energy efficiency of buildings and may have an impact on heating energy needs of up to 30%. Given the high thermal conductivity of steel, the relevance of TBs in lightweight steel framed (LSF) components could be even greater. No research was found in the literature for evaluating how important the size and shape of steel studs are on the thermal performance of LSF building elements, which is the main objective of this work. This assessment is performed for the internal partitions and exterior façade of load-bearing LSF walls. The accuracy of the numerical model used in the simulations was verified and validated by comparison experimental measurements. Three reference steel studs were considered, six stud flange lengths and four steel thicknesses were evaluated, and five flange indentation sizes and four indent filling materials were assessed, corresponding to a total of 246 modelled LSF walls. It was concluded that the
Paulo Santos; Keerthan Poologanathan. The Importance of Stud Flanges Size and Shape on the Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Walls. Sustainability 2021, 13, 3970 .
AMA StylePaulo Santos, Keerthan Poologanathan. The Importance of Stud Flanges Size and Shape on the Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Walls. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (7):3970.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulo Santos; Keerthan Poologanathan. 2021. "The Importance of Stud Flanges Size and Shape on the Thermal Performance of Lightweight Steel Framed Walls." Sustainability 13, no. 7: 3970.
Cold-formed steel (CFS) and cross-laminated timber (CLT) structural components are widely employed in low- to mid-rise and modular building constructions. These two materials have individually shown to be lightweight, and possess relatively higher strength characteristics. Owing to these benefits, composite CLT-CFS sections can be used as structural elements and possibly be employed in modular buildings with enhanced structural performances. This paper presents the development of CLT-CFS composite beam for the floor system in modular buildings and investigates the structural performances through finite element (FE) analyses. Initially, the FE models of CFS beam and CLT panel were developed and validated with experimental results. Validated models were used to develop the FE model of CLT-CFS composite beam for the floor system. Results of FE analyses of the CLT-CFS composite floor systems showed that considerable benefits in terms of structural response can be achieved due to the mobilisation of composite action. For the CLT-CFS system investigated in this research, about 20% of enhancement in moment capacity was found. The presented study leads a path to highlight the gains in the structural performance of CLT-CFS composite beams floor system and it is a prospective option to be employed in sustainable modular building construction.
Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Deighton Widdowfield Small; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Julian Thamboo; Craig Higgins; Priyan Mendis. Development of cross laminated timber-cold-formed steel composite beam for floor system to sustainable modular building construction. Structures 2021, 32, 681 -690.
AMA StyleSatheeskumar Navaratnam, Deighton Widdowfield Small, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Julian Thamboo, Craig Higgins, Priyan Mendis. Development of cross laminated timber-cold-formed steel composite beam for floor system to sustainable modular building construction. Structures. 2021; 32 ():681-690.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSatheeskumar Navaratnam; Deighton Widdowfield Small; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Julian Thamboo; Craig Higgins; Priyan Mendis. 2021. "Development of cross laminated timber-cold-formed steel composite beam for floor system to sustainable modular building construction." Structures 32, no. : 681-690.
Cracking in concrete structures can significantly affect their structural integrity and eventually lead to catastrophic failure if undetected. Recent advances in sensor technology for structural health monitoring techniques have led to the development of new and improved sensors for real-time detection and monitoring of cracks in various applications, from laboratory tests to large structures. In this study, triaxial accelerometers have been employed to detect and locate micro- and macrocrack formation in plain self-compacting concrete (SCC) and steel-fibre-reinforced SCC (SFRSCC) beams under three-point bending. Experiments were carried out with triaxial accelerometers mounted on the surface of the beams. The experimental results revealed that triaxial accelerometers could be used to identify the locations of cracks and provide a greater quantity of useful data for more accurate measurement and interpretation. The study sheds light on the structural monitoring capability of triaxial acceleration measurements for SFRSCC structural elements that can act as an early warning system for structural failure.
Jeffri Ramli; James Coulson; James Martin; Brabha Nagaratnam; Keerthan Poologanathan; Wai Cheung. Crack Detection and Localisation in Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Using Triaxial Accelerometers. Sensors 2021, 21, 2044 .
AMA StyleJeffri Ramli, James Coulson, James Martin, Brabha Nagaratnam, Keerthan Poologanathan, Wai Cheung. Crack Detection and Localisation in Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Using Triaxial Accelerometers. Sensors. 2021; 21 (6):2044.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeffri Ramli; James Coulson; James Martin; Brabha Nagaratnam; Keerthan Poologanathan; Wai Cheung. 2021. "Crack Detection and Localisation in Steel-Fibre-Reinforced Self-Compacting Concrete Using Triaxial Accelerometers." Sensors 21, no. 6: 2044.
Composite Sandwich Panels (CSP) are a novel type of wall panels, which has gained immense attraction in the construction industry due to its better mechanical performance with lighter weight. Finite Element Model (FEM) was developed to determine the fire performance of CSP under standard and hydrocarbon fire conditions. Developed FE model was verified with the experimental results of the previous studies. Thirty-six (36) parametric studies were conducted to determine the fire performance of CSP wall panels of different thicknesses with Autoclaved Aerated Concrete (AAC) and Foamed Concrete (FC) under standard and hydrocarbon fire conditions. The FE results showed that composite sandwich panels with AAC core has improved 9%–92% insulation fire rating compared to AAC PCP for different thicknesses. At the same time, FC CSP displayed a reduction in insulation fire rating compared to FC PCP. Moreover, it could be observed that FC of density 1000 kg/m3 CSP has shown the best insulation fire performance under both fire conditions. AAC CSP has shown better performance than the 650 kg/m3 density FC CSP. Comparing Plain concrete panels, FC 650 kg/m3 density has shown the best insulation fire performance, followed by FC 1000 kg/m3 density and AAC. Therefore both materials could be utilised as composite sandwich panels with better thermal performance and mechanical performance.
I.R. Upasiri; K.M.C. Konthesigha; S.M.A. Nanayakkara; K. Poologanathan; P. Gatheeshgar; D. Nuwanthika. Finite element analysis of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to fire. Journal of Building Engineering 2021, 40, 102329 .
AMA StyleI.R. Upasiri, K.M.C. Konthesigha, S.M.A. Nanayakkara, K. Poologanathan, P. Gatheeshgar, D. Nuwanthika. Finite element analysis of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to fire. Journal of Building Engineering. 2021; 40 ():102329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI.R. Upasiri; K.M.C. Konthesigha; S.M.A. Nanayakkara; K. Poologanathan; P. Gatheeshgar; D. Nuwanthika. 2021. "Finite element analysis of lightweight composite sandwich panels exposed to fire." Journal of Building Engineering 40, no. : 102329.
3D Printed Concrete (3DPC) technology is currently evolving with high demand amongst researches and the integration of modular building system (MBS) with this technology would provide a sustainable solution to modern construction challenges. The use of lightweight concrete in such innovative construction methods offers lightweight structures with better heat and sound insulation compared to normal weight concrete. It is worth noting that fire and energy performance has become central to building design. However, there are limited research studies on the combined thermal energy and fire performance of 3DPC walls. Therefore, this study investigates fire performance of 20 numbers of varying 3DPC wall configurations using validated finite element models under standard fire conditions. The fire performance analysis demonstrated that 3DPC non-load bearing cavity walls have substantial resistance under standard fire load and its performance can be further improved with Rockwool insulation. There is significant improvement in terms of fire performance when the thickness of the walls increases in a parallel row manner. Previous thermal energy investigation also showed a lower U-value for increased thickness of similar 3DPC walls. This research concludes with a proposal of using 3DPC wall with Rockwool insulation for amplified combined thermal energy and fire performance to be used in MBS.
Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Irindu Upasiri; Keerthan Poologanathan; Brabha Nagaratnam; Heshachanaa Rajanayagam; Satheeskumar Navaratnam. Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System. Sustainability 2021, 13, 2314 .
AMA StyleThadshajini Suntharalingam, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Irindu Upasiri, Keerthan Poologanathan, Brabha Nagaratnam, Heshachanaa Rajanayagam, Satheeskumar Navaratnam. Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (4):2314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleThadshajini Suntharalingam; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Irindu Upasiri; Keerthan Poologanathan; Brabha Nagaratnam; Heshachanaa Rajanayagam; Satheeskumar Navaratnam. 2021. "Numerical Study of Fire and Energy Performance of Innovative Light-Weight 3D Printed Concrete Wall Configurations in Modular Building System." Sustainability 13, no. 4: 2314.
Light-gauge Steel Framed (LSF) floor panels are commonly employed in conventional and modular building constructions on the basis of their lightweight nature. Previous research studies on the fire performance of LSF floor panels have been limited to Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) lipped channel and hollow flange joists. Therefore, there is a need for research on the fire performance of the LSF floor panels designed with optimised CFS joists in conventional floor panels and modular floor panels. This paper focuses on the fire performance of LSF conventional and modular floor panels made of optimised CFS joists found in the literature, using Finite Element (FE) analyses. Heat transfer FE models of LSF floor panels were developed and validated against the data available in the literature. Subsequently, the validated FE models were extended to investigate the LSF conventional and modular floor panels made of optimised CFS joists. In total 32 different LSF modular and conventional panels were analysed. A load ratio-critical average joist temperature relationship was derived based on the past test results and extensive FE results. The established relationship in conjunction with time-temperature profiles from the FE analysis was used to predict the Fire Resistance Rating (FRR) of the LSF conventional and modular floor panels made of optimised CFS joists. The results showed that modular floor panels withstand significant standard fire loading compared to the conventional floor panels while optimised CFS joists can also be used to enhance the fire performance.
Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Julian Thamboo; Krishanu Roy; Barbara Rossi; Tom Molkens; Dilini Perera; Satheeskumar Navaratnam. On the fire behaviour of modular floors designed with optimised cold-formed steel joists. Structures 2021, 30, 1071 -1085.
AMA StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Julian Thamboo, Krishanu Roy, Barbara Rossi, Tom Molkens, Dilini Perera, Satheeskumar Navaratnam. On the fire behaviour of modular floors designed with optimised cold-formed steel joists. Structures. 2021; 30 ():1071-1085.
Chicago/Turabian StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Julian Thamboo; Krishanu Roy; Barbara Rossi; Tom Molkens; Dilini Perera; Satheeskumar Navaratnam. 2021. "On the fire behaviour of modular floors designed with optimised cold-formed steel joists." Structures 30, no. : 1071-1085.
The bending-shear interaction response of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections has been given inadequate attention in the past. Therefore, this paper investigates the bending and shear interaction behaviour of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections using numerical studies. Finite element (FE) models were developed and validated against the experimental results found in the literature for three-point and four-point loading tests of lipped channel sections of both cold-formed stainless steel and cold-formed steel. The elaborated FE results were used for a comprehensive parametric study that was conducted comprising 60 FE models of three-point loading simulations of stainless steel lipped channels with five different aspect ratios to study the shear response and the bending-shear interaction response. Another 12 FE models of four-point bending simulations were developed to study the bending response. The numerical results were analysed and it is found that the sections with aspect ratios of 1.5 and 2.0 are subjected to the interaction of bending and shear while there is no interaction effect observed in the sections with other aspect ratios. Eurocode 3 and American specifications interaction equations were then evaluated using the numerical results. These design provisions are found to be too conservative for a higher level of applied shear force. Therefore, revised design equations for bending and shear interaction were proposed aiming better prediction accuracy. Further, a statistical evaluation was conducted for the proposed interaction equations and results suggest improved and consistent predictions.
D.M.M.P. Dissanayake; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; K.S. Wanniarachchi; B. Nagaratnam. Bending-shear interaction of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections. Structures 2021, 30, 1042 -1055.
AMA StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake, K. Poologanathan, S. Gunalan, K.D. Tsavdaridis, K.S. Wanniarachchi, B. Nagaratnam. Bending-shear interaction of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections. Structures. 2021; 30 ():1042-1055.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; K.S. Wanniarachchi; B. Nagaratnam. 2021. "Bending-shear interaction of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections." Structures 30, no. : 1042-1055.
This paper presents the development of novel affordable steel-framed modular units for construction with enhanced overall (healthcare, structural, fire, and lightweight) performance, which ideally suits for emergency response situation, such as current covid-19 pandemic. The nature of quick response and well-prepared strategies are essential to cope with the demand of quicker construction for emergency response structures and if similar situation continues or arises in the future as well. Off-site oriented modular construction is ideal to provide these requirements at very short notice for emergencies. Modular units made of steel components are a leading choice due to the exceptional strength and rigidity for lightweight construction. A new weight optimisation procedure was developed for Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) joists in varying shapes of and results show that weight for per unit length of the joists can be reduced up to 24% without compromising structural capacity. This was verified with validated Finite Element (FE) models. In order to improve the faster jointing method, a novel cut and bend intra-module connection was also introduced. In addition, strap bracing is used for the lateral stability of steel-framed modular buildings. Modular breathing panels are proposed to be employed in corner post modules as sidewalls to improve the indoor air quality and reduce the spread of disease. Based on the comprehensive assessment and numerical results conceptual design of performance improved steel-framed corner post modular unit was proposed to offer short-to-medium (in response to emergencies), as well as long-term solutions for the construction industry.
Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Islam Shyha; Paul Sherlock; Heshachanaa Rajanayagam; Brabha Nagaratnam. Development of affordable steel-framed modular buildings for emergency situations (Covid-19). Structures 2021, 31, 862 -875.
AMA StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Shanmuganathan Gunalan, Islam Shyha, Paul Sherlock, Heshachanaa Rajanayagam, Brabha Nagaratnam. Development of affordable steel-framed modular buildings for emergency situations (Covid-19). Structures. 2021; 31 ():862-875.
Chicago/Turabian StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Islam Shyha; Paul Sherlock; Heshachanaa Rajanayagam; Brabha Nagaratnam. 2021. "Development of affordable steel-framed modular buildings for emergency situations (Covid-19)." Structures 31, no. : 862-875.
Cold-Formed (CF) structural members have recently drawn significant attention in light gauge steel construction. The employment of the different materials, for example CF carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminium, are becoming more common. These structural members are often subjected to concentrated loading conditions, which ultimately leads to failure through web crippling. A plethora of experimental and numerical studies have investigated the web crippling strength and behaviour of CF carbon steel lipped channel sections. However, only limited studies are available for CF stainless steel and aluminium members. This paper presents the investigation of the web crippling strength of CF lipped channel beams under End Two Flange (ETF) loadings and aims to propose a unified equation considering strength factor. Finite Element (FE) models of CF carbon steel, aluminium, and stainless steel lipped channel beams were developed and validated against the available web crippling ETF load case experimental data. Subsequently, a detailed parametric study was performed based on the validated FE models, to establish a wide-ranging data set. New ETF load case web crippling unified design guidelines were proposed for the CF lipped sections made of carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminium.
Alex McIntosh; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Craig Higgins. Web crippling of cold-formed carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminium channels: Investigation and design. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2021, 179, 106538 .
AMA StyleAlex McIntosh, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Shanmuganathan Gunalan, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Craig Higgins. Web crippling of cold-formed carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminium channels: Investigation and design. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2021; 179 ():106538.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAlex McIntosh; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Craig Higgins. 2021. "Web crippling of cold-formed carbon steel, stainless steel, and aluminium channels: Investigation and design." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 179, no. : 106538.
The concept of sustainability and the utilization of renewable bio-based sources have gained prominent attention in the construction industry. Material selection in construction plays a significant role in design and manufacturing process of sustainable building construction. Several studies are being carried out worldwide to investigate the potential use of natural fibres as reinforcement in concrete with its noticeable environmental benefits and mechanical properties. 3D printed concrete (3DPC) is another emerging technology, which has been under-developed for the past decade. The integration of reinforcement is one of the major challenges in the application of this new technology in real-life scenario. Presently, artificial fibres have been used as a reinforcement material for this special printable concrete mixture. However, natural fibre composites have received significant attention by many 3DPC constructions due to their lightweight energy conservation and environmentally friendly nature. These benchmarking characteristics unlock the wider area of natural fibres into the composite sector and challenge the substitution of artificial fibres. Hence, this paper presents a comprehensive review on the current practice and advantages of natural fibres in conventional concrete construction. Subsequently, with a view to the future efficient 3DPC construction, the potentials of natural fibres such as eco-friendly, higher impact, thermal, structural, and fire performance over the artificial fibres were highlighted, and their applicability in 3DPC as composites was recommended.
Salmabanu Luhar; Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Ismail Luhar; Julian Thamboo; Keerthan Poologanathan; Perampalam Gatheeshgar. Sustainable and Renewable Bio-Based Natural Fibres and Its Application for 3D Printed Concrete: A Review. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10485 .
AMA StyleSalmabanu Luhar, Thadshajini Suntharalingam, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Ismail Luhar, Julian Thamboo, Keerthan Poologanathan, Perampalam Gatheeshgar. Sustainable and Renewable Bio-Based Natural Fibres and Its Application for 3D Printed Concrete: A Review. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (24):10485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSalmabanu Luhar; Thadshajini Suntharalingam; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Ismail Luhar; Julian Thamboo; Keerthan Poologanathan; Perampalam Gatheeshgar. 2020. "Sustainable and Renewable Bio-Based Natural Fibres and Its Application for 3D Printed Concrete: A Review." Sustainability 12, no. 24: 10485.
Cold-formed steel studs and purlins with slotted webs including staggered perforations are used in building construction to enhance the thermal performance and energy efficiency of buildings. However, the web perforations adversely affect their structural capacities, especially their shear and web crippling capacities. Limited research has been reported on this subject despite its importance and continuing use of channel sections with staggered web perforations. Hence a series of web crippling tests was undertaken to investigate the web crippling behaviour and capacities of cold-formed steel channels with staggered web perforations under two flange load cases with their flanges unfastened to the supports. Forty eight lipped channel specimens with perforated and solid webs were tested to failure. Comparison of the experimental web crippling capacities of slotted and solid channels showed that the presence of staggered web perforations significantly reduced the web crippling capacities of channel sections. New web crippling capacity design equations are proposed to calculate the reduced web crippling capacities of lipped channel sections with staggered web perforations. This paper presents the details and results of this experimental investigation.
Natalia Degtyareva; Keerthan Poologanathan; Mahen Mahendran. Web crippling tests of cold-formed steel channels with staggered web perforations. Thin-Walled Structures 2020, 159, 107314 .
AMA StyleNatalia Degtyareva, Keerthan Poologanathan, Mahen Mahendran. Web crippling tests of cold-formed steel channels with staggered web perforations. Thin-Walled Structures. 2020; 159 ():107314.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Degtyareva; Keerthan Poologanathan; Mahen Mahendran. 2020. "Web crippling tests of cold-formed steel channels with staggered web perforations." Thin-Walled Structures 159, no. : 107314.
Stainless steel offers a range of benefits over conventional carbon steel in structural applications. This paper presents the detailed numerical modelling of shear response of cold-formed stainless steel hollow flange sections using finite element software package, Abaqus. The effect of geometric parameters such as section height and section thickness, and the influence of different steel grades were investigated following the validation of finite element models. From numerical results, the formation of diagonal tension fields can be clearly observed in the webs of rectangular hollow flange sections while more even distribution of the stresses in the webs is seen in triangular hollow flange sections. Further, a plastic hinge type mechanism is formed in triangular flanges at the post-failure region. The evaluation of Eurocode 3 and the direct strength method shear design provisions for stainless steel hollow flange beams is found to be significantly conservative. Therefore, modified provisions were proposed and the comparison of those with finite element results confirmed the accurate and consistent shear resistance predictions over the codified provisions.
D.M.M.P. Dissanayake; C. Zhou; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; J. Guss. Numerical simulation and design of stainless steel hollow flange beams under shear. Journal of Constructional Steel Research 2020, 176, 106414 .
AMA StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake, C. Zhou, K. Poologanathan, S. Gunalan, K.D. Tsavdaridis, J. Guss. Numerical simulation and design of stainless steel hollow flange beams under shear. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2020; 176 ():106414.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake; C. Zhou; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; J. Guss. 2020. "Numerical simulation and design of stainless steel hollow flange beams under shear." Journal of Constructional Steel Research 176, no. : 106414.
Structural evaluation of masonry against dynamic seismic actions invariably requires appropriate cyclic compression constitutive models. However, not many research studies have been dedicated to date to investigate the cyclic compression behaviour of masonry. Therefore, series of experimental investigation followed by analytical model verification were employed in this research to better understand the cyclic compression characteristics of masonry. Twelve masonry wallettes were experimentally tested under cyclic compression loading with different unit-to-mortar assemblies, which are commonly found in masonry structures. The experimental results indicated that the cyclic compression behaviour is greatly influenced by the masonry compressive strength and deformation properties. Thereafter, the ability of five literature analytical models to predict the masonry structural response under cyclic compression loading was investigated. The advantages and limitations of these models are presented and discussed, and the most appropriate analytical model to define the cyclic compression characteristics of masonry has been evaluated and reported. The suggested analytical model is shown to predict the cyclic compression characteristics of different masonry assemblies such as the envelop response, the stiffness degradation, the plastic strain history of the unloading and reloading stages.
Julian Thamboo; Janaka Bandara; Sithara Perera; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Keerthan Poologanathan; Marco Corradi. Experimental and Analytical Study of Masonry Subjected to Uniaxial Cyclic Compression. Materials 2020, 13, 4505 .
AMA StyleJulian Thamboo, Janaka Bandara, Sithara Perera, Satheeskumar Navaratnam, Keerthan Poologanathan, Marco Corradi. Experimental and Analytical Study of Masonry Subjected to Uniaxial Cyclic Compression. Materials. 2020; 13 (20):4505.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJulian Thamboo; Janaka Bandara; Sithara Perera; Satheeskumar Navaratnam; Keerthan Poologanathan; Marco Corradi. 2020. "Experimental and Analytical Study of Masonry Subjected to Uniaxial Cyclic Compression." Materials 13, no. 20: 4505.
The shear response of the cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections with longitudinal stiffeners has not been investigated adequately in the past. Therefore, this paper presents the details of numerical investigations conducted to study the shear behaviour of longitudinally stiffened cold-formed stainless steel lipped channel sections. Following a validation study of the finite element models of lipped channel sections, the effect of return lips and web stiffeners on the shear response of lipped channel sections was examined through comprehensive numerical parametric studies. In addition, numerical investigations were conducted to study the elastic shear buckling response of the sections and the shear buckling coefficients were back-calculated. It was found that the longitudinal web stiffeners enhance the shear buckling resistance of lipped channel sections considerably with increased stiffener depth. However, the shear capacity increment is not significant compared to plain lipped channel sections. The presence of the web stiffeners is found to be not preventing the out-of-plane buckling of the sections. The evaluation of Eurocode 3 and the direct strength method shear provisions for stainless steel channel sections with longitudinal stiffeners illustrates inaccurate capacity predictions. Therefore, modifications were proposed and comparisons reveal that the proposed provisions enhance the shear resistance predictions with good accuracy over the codified provisions.
D.M.M.P. Dissanayake; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; K.S. Wanniarachchi; B. Nagaratnam. Numerical investigation of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channels with longitudinal stiffeners subjected to shear. Thin-Walled Structures 2020, 158, 107179 .
AMA StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake, K. Poologanathan, S. Gunalan, K.D. Tsavdaridis, K.S. Wanniarachchi, B. Nagaratnam. Numerical investigation of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channels with longitudinal stiffeners subjected to shear. Thin-Walled Structures. 2020; 158 ():107179.
Chicago/Turabian StyleD.M.M.P. Dissanayake; K. Poologanathan; S. Gunalan; K.D. Tsavdaridis; K.S. Wanniarachchi; B. Nagaratnam. 2020. "Numerical investigation of cold-formed stainless steel lipped channels with longitudinal stiffeners subjected to shear." Thin-Walled Structures 158, no. : 107179.
Robust and pre-fabrication construction techniques are the cutting edge practice in the building industry. Cold-frame, warm-frame and hybrid-frame are three common Light-gauge Steel Frame (LSF) wall constructions applied for better energy performance. Still, the applications of the aforementioned wall configurations are restricted due to limited fire safety studies. This paper presents the fire performance investigations and results of cold-frame, warm-frame, and hybrid-frame LSF walls together with three novel configurations maintaining the same material quantities. Successfully validated 3D heat transfer finite element models were extended to six wall configurations. Time variant temperature profiles from Finite Element Analyses were evaluated against the established Load Ratio (LR)-Hot-Flange (HF) temperature curve to determine the structural fire resistance. Modified warm-frame construction showed the best performance where the Fire Resistance Level (FRL) is approximately twice that of conventional LSF wall configurations. Hence, the novel LSF wall configurations obtained by shifting the insulation material toward the fireside of the wall make efficient fire-resistant wall solutions and the new designs are proposed to be incorporated in modular constructions for enhanced fire performance.
Dilini Perera; K. Poologanathan; M. Gillie; P. Gatheeshgar; P. Sherlock; S.M.A. Nanayakkara; K.M.C. Konthesingha. Fire performance of cold, warm and hybrid LSF wall panels using numerical studies. Thin-Walled Structures 2020, 157, 107109 .
AMA StyleDilini Perera, K. Poologanathan, M. Gillie, P. Gatheeshgar, P. Sherlock, S.M.A. Nanayakkara, K.M.C. Konthesingha. Fire performance of cold, warm and hybrid LSF wall panels using numerical studies. Thin-Walled Structures. 2020; 157 ():107109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDilini Perera; K. Poologanathan; M. Gillie; P. Gatheeshgar; P. Sherlock; S.M.A. Nanayakkara; K.M.C. Konthesingha. 2020. "Fire performance of cold, warm and hybrid LSF wall panels using numerical studies." Thin-Walled Structures 157, no. : 107109.
Providing staggered slotted perforations to the Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) beams is a new approach being used in light gauge steel construction aiming to enhance both the fire and energy performances. However, slots in the web reduce the load-bearing capacity of CFS beams and existing studies do not provide a definite evaluation of the design expressions to determine the structural performance of slotted perforated CFS flexural members. Therefore, the present study aims to establish a methodology to determine the flexural capacity of staggered slotted perforated CFS beams subject to local buckling through developing three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) models. The developed FE models were subjected to validation against the related test data. Subsequently, the validated FE model was employed to conduct further parametric studies (432 FE models). Parameters include the dimensions of the CFS beams and staggered slotted perforations, rows and row groups of slots and yield strength. The effect of these factors on the local buckling capacity of the staggered slotted perforated CFS beams under bending is discussed. The paper concludes with a proposal of Direct Strength Method (DSM) based new design equations to predict the bending capacity of the CFS beams with staggered slotted perforations subject to local buckling and to enhance their commercial aspects.
Natalia Degtyareva; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Islam Shyha; Alex McIntosh. Local buckling strength and design of cold-formed steel beams with slotted perforations. Thin-Walled Structures 2020, 156, 106951 .
AMA StyleNatalia Degtyareva, Perampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Shanmuganathan Gunalan, Islam Shyha, Alex McIntosh. Local buckling strength and design of cold-formed steel beams with slotted perforations. Thin-Walled Structures. 2020; 156 ():106951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Degtyareva; Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Islam Shyha; Alex McIntosh. 2020. "Local buckling strength and design of cold-formed steel beams with slotted perforations." Thin-Walled Structures 156, no. : 106951.
Modular Building Systems (MBS) has seen an accelerating growth in the construction sector owing to its potential advantages, such as quick erection, improved energy efficiency and less reliant on good weather over conventional construction methods. Therefore, it could be a viable solution to supporting the efforts of solving Britain's housing crisis within a short duration. Construction industries and researchers are working towards better understanding MBS performance at different scales and contexts. To date, research on MBS focused on investigating the structural, social and economic, and safety performances and indicated that there are challenges (Need of lightweight materials and more access space, transportation restrictions, improving structural, fire and energy performances) associated with their use, yet to be addressed. This paper highlights how the incorporation of optimised Cold-Formed Steel (CFS) members with the slotted web can address these challenges. Hence, optimisation technique was employed to enhance the structural performance and to effectively use the given amount of material of CFS members. Lipped channel, folded-flange, and super-sigma have been optimised using the Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) method and were analysed using FEM. Results showed that the flexural capacity of the optimised sections was improved by 30–65% compared to conventional CFS sections. A conceptual design of MBS was developed using the optimised CFS members, demonstrating the potential for lighter modules and thus more sustainable structures, reducing the carbon footprint. Therefore, optimisation techniques and slotted perforations would address the aforementioned challenges related to MBS, result in more economical and efficient MBS for inhabitants and construction industries.
Perampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis; Brabha Nagaratnam; Eleni Iacovidou. Optimised cold-formed steel beams in modular building applications. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101607 .
AMA StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar, Keerthan Poologanathan, Shanmuganathan Gunalan, Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis, Brabha Nagaratnam, Eleni Iacovidou. Optimised cold-formed steel beams in modular building applications. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101607.
Chicago/Turabian StylePerampalam Gatheeshgar; Keerthan Poologanathan; Shanmuganathan Gunalan; Konstantinos Daniel Tsavdaridis; Brabha Nagaratnam; Eleni Iacovidou. 2020. "Optimised cold-formed steel beams in modular building applications." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101607.