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Binyi Liu
Department of Landscape Architecture, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, China

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Journal article
Published: 31 January 2021 in Heliyon
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The therapeutic advantages of seeing plants have gained increasing consideration in stressful modern societies, however, evidence-based studies on how physiological and emotional states of individuals from different nationalities change when seeing different foliage colors are limited. The study was conducted to explore the physiological and psychological advantages of foliage colors as visual stimuli. The experiment included 40 men from two nations (age: 21.34 ± 3.50 years) and was carried out using five foliage colors including green, light green, green-yellow, green-red and green-white. Participants were exposed to each color for 2 min, when seeing the foliage colors, eye movements and oxy-Hb concentrations were continuously measured. Subjective evaluations of emotions were performed utilizing a semantic differential questionnaire. A significant decrease in oxy-Hb concentration in the frontal lobe was associated with the viewing of green and green-white plants by the Japanese participants and with viewing light green and green-yellow by the Egyptian participants. Participants spent higher fixation numbers and longer durations on these colors. The findings indicate that viewing of these plant colors was positively associated with physiological relaxation. Furthermore, these colors were associated with more positive feelings, such as calmness, comfort and naturalness. Therefore, the presence of these colors in spaces may have positive impacts on relaxation and emotional status.

ACS Style

Liu Kexiu; Mohamed Elsadek; Binyi Liu; Eijiro Fujii. Foliage colors improve relaxation and emotional status of university students from different countries. Heliyon 2021, 7, e06131 .

AMA Style

Liu Kexiu, Mohamed Elsadek, Binyi Liu, Eijiro Fujii. Foliage colors improve relaxation and emotional status of university students from different countries. Heliyon. 2021; 7 (1):e06131.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu Kexiu; Mohamed Elsadek; Binyi Liu; Eijiro Fujii. 2021. "Foliage colors improve relaxation and emotional status of university students from different countries." Heliyon 7, no. 1: e06131.

Journal article
Published: 14 August 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Global climate change and urban heat island intensification are making the outdoor environment more thermally uncomfortable during hot weather, and more dangerous during heat waves. This has generated considerable interest in the development of models to estimate the effect of heat on human bodies. However, it is not clear that which model provides the most accurate and precise results and which method could appropriately analyze the data. This study, conducted in Shanghai, China, compared the outputs of three of the most accepted human energy budget models with a database of 509 thermal sensation votes under various thermal conditions. We analyzed the results in three ways, including linear regression, curvilinear regression, and multinomial logistic regression assessment. Results showed that because thermal sensation votes are ordinal data, so the first two methods have theoretical limitations, while the latter method was determined to be the most appropriate for the data type of the three models tested. Further, in hot and humid climate area, we found COMfort FormulA (COMFA) is more accurate than Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Comfort Index (UTCI), thus it has more potential for use by urban designers in improving outdoor thermal comfort.

ACS Style

Zefeng Lian; Binyi Liu; Robert D. Brown. Exploring the suitable assessment method and best performance of human energy budget models for outdoor thermal comfort in hot and humid climate area. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 63, 102423 .

AMA Style

Zefeng Lian, Binyi Liu, Robert D. Brown. Exploring the suitable assessment method and best performance of human energy budget models for outdoor thermal comfort in hot and humid climate area. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 63 ():102423.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zefeng Lian; Binyi Liu; Robert D. Brown. 2020. "Exploring the suitable assessment method and best performance of human energy budget models for outdoor thermal comfort in hot and humid climate area." Sustainable Cities and Society 63, no. : 102423.

Journal article
Published: 14 February 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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In recent years, children’s use of mobile phones has grown rapidly, which might lead to an increase in mental stress and negatively affect their health. Despite increasing evidence that horticultural activity can provide significant health benefits, few scientific evidence-based studies are currently available regarding these benefits to children’s health and wellbeing in schools. Therefore, this study aims to determine the potential benefits of horticultural activity for children from both psychological and physiological perspectives. Twenty-six elementary school students (mean age, 8.12 ± 0.21 years) were asked to perform a plant-related task and a mobile game task for 5 min. During both tasks, physiological sensors were used to measure the participants’ heart rate variability, skin conductance, and skin temperature. Additionally, the participants’ emotional responses were assessed using semantic differential and State–Trait Anxiety Inventory tests immediately after each task. Results revealed that, compared with the mobile game task, participants’ health statuses were positively correlated with the horticultural task, including a considerable decrease in skin conductance and sympathetic nervous activity, together with a marginal increase in parasympathetic nervous activity. Such responses suggested that horticultural activity increased relaxation and decreased feelings of stress. Furthermore, the horticultural activity was associated with a substantial increment in comfort, naturalness, relaxation, and cheerfulness feelings, as well as a significant reduction in depression and a reduction in total anxiety levels. Given these positive benefits, horticultural activity may provide a great contribution to children’s healthy life at school, prompt psychological relaxation and minimize mental stress relative to smartphone games.

ACS Style

Yuhan Shao; Mohamed Elsadek; Binyi Liu. Horticultural Activity: Its Contribution to Stress Recovery and Wellbeing for Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1229 .

AMA Style

Yuhan Shao, Mohamed Elsadek, Binyi Liu. Horticultural Activity: Its Contribution to Stress Recovery and Wellbeing for Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (4):1229.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yuhan Shao; Mohamed Elsadek; Binyi Liu. 2020. "Horticultural Activity: Its Contribution to Stress Recovery and Wellbeing for Children." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4: 1229.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2019 in Sustainability
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Global climate change and intensifying heat islands have reduced human thermal comfort and health in urban outdoor environments. However, there has been little research that has focused on how microclimates affect human thermal comfort, both psychologically and physiologically. We investigated the effect of a range of landscape microclimates on human thermal comfort and health using questionnaires and physiological measurements, including skin temperature, skin conductance, and heart rate variability, and compared the results with the effect of prevailing climate conditions in open spaces. We observed that in landscape microclimates, thermal sensation votes significantly decreased from 1.18 ± 0.66 (warm–hot) to 0.23 ± 0.61 (neutral–slightly warm), and thermal comfort increased from 1.18 ± 0.66 (uncomfortable–neutral) to 0.23 ± 0.61 (neutral–comfortable). In the landscape microclimates, skin temperature and skin conductance decreased 0.3 ± 0.8 °C and 0.6 ± 1.0 μs, respectively, while in the control, these two parameters increased by 0.5 ± 0.9 °C and 0.2 ± 0.7 μs, respectively. Further, in landscape microclimates, subject heart rate variability increased significantly. These results suggest landscape microclimates improve human thermal comfort and health, both psychologically and physiologically. These findings can provide an evidence base that will assist urban planners in designing urban environments for the health and wellbeing of residents.

ACS Style

Binyi Liu; Zefeng Lian; Robert D. Brown. Effect of Landscape Microclimates on Thermal Comfort and Physiological Wellbeing. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5387 .

AMA Style

Binyi Liu, Zefeng Lian, Robert D. Brown. Effect of Landscape Microclimates on Thermal Comfort and Physiological Wellbeing. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (19):5387.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Binyi Liu; Zefeng Lian; Robert D. Brown. 2019. "Effect of Landscape Microclimates on Thermal Comfort and Physiological Wellbeing." Sustainability 11, no. 19: 5387.